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qwen-code/docs/developers/sdk-python.md
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doc[sdk-python] Expand Python SDK usage documentation (#3995) 
* docs(sdk-python): expand usage examples

Co-authored-by: Qwen-Coder <qwen-coder@alibabacloud.com>

* fix(docs): correct file_path key and update session resume examples

* fix(docs): add is_error handling and async iteration to SDK examples

- Session Resume examples now check is_error before printing result,
  consistent with the print_result helper in Quick Start
- Permission Callback examples now wrap query() in async def main()
  with async for iteration, so the CLI process actually starts

🤖 Generated with [Qwen Code](https://github.com/QwenLM/qwen-code)

* docs(sdk-python): address review feedback

Co-authored-by: Qwen-Coder <qwen-coder@alibabacloud.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Qwen-Coder <qwen-coder@alibabacloud.com>
2026-05-12 15:27:00 +08:00

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# Python SDK
## `qwen-code-sdk`
`qwen-code-sdk` is an experimental Python SDK for Qwen Code. v1 targets the
existing `stream-json` CLI protocol and keeps the transport surface small and
testable.
## Scope
- Package name: `qwen-code-sdk`
- Import path: `qwen_code_sdk`
- Runtime requirement: Python `>=3.10`
- CLI dependency: external `qwen` executable is required in v1
- Transport scope: process transport only
- Not included in v1: ACP transport, SDK-embedded MCP servers
## Install
```bash
pip install qwen-code-sdk
```
For preview releases:
```bash
pip install --pre qwen-code-sdk
```
If `qwen` is not on `PATH`, pass `path_to_qwen_executable` explicitly.
Before writing SDK code, make sure the CLI works in the same shell:
```bash
qwen --version
```
## Quick Start
```python
import asyncio
from qwen_code_sdk import (
is_sdk_assistant_message,
is_sdk_result_message,
query,
)
def extract_text(message):
content = message.get("message", {}).get("content", [])
if not isinstance(content, list):
return repr(content)
texts = [
block.get("text", "")
for block in content
if isinstance(block, dict) and block.get("type") == "text"
]
return "".join(texts) if texts else "[no text content]"
def print_result(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
return
print(message.get("result", ""))
async def main() -> None:
async with query(
"Explain the repository structure.",
{
"cwd": "/path/to/project",
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
},
) as result:
async for message in result:
if is_sdk_assistant_message(message):
print(extract_text(message))
elif is_sdk_result_message(message):
print_result(message)
asyncio.run(main())
```
`asyncio.run()` is appropriate for standalone scripts. If your application
already runs an event loop, such as Jupyter, FastAPI, or pytest-asyncio, call
`await main()` instead.
## Sync Usage
Use `query_sync` when your host application is not async:
```python
from qwen_code_sdk import is_sdk_result_message, query_sync
with query_sync(
"Summarize this repository in one paragraph.",
{
"cwd": "/path/to/project",
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
},
) as result:
for message in result:
if is_sdk_result_message(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
else:
print(message.get("result", ""))
```
## API Surface
### Top-level entry points
- `query(prompt, options=None) -> Query`
- `query_sync(prompt, options=None) -> SyncQuery`
`prompt` supports either:
- `str` for single-turn requests
- `AsyncIterable[SDKUserMessage]` for multi-turn streams
### `Query`
- Async iterable over SDK messages
- `close()`
- `interrupt()`
- `set_model(model)`
- `set_permission_mode(mode)`
- `supported_commands()`
- `mcp_server_status()`
- `get_session_id()`
- `is_closed()`
### `QueryOptions`
| Option | Type / values | Description |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `cwd` | `str` | Working directory for the CLI process. |
| `model` | `str` | Model override for this SDK session. |
| `path_to_qwen_executable` | `str` | `qwen`, an explicit binary path, or a `.js` CLI bundle. |
| `permission_mode` | `default`, `plan`, `auto-edit`, `yolo` | Tool execution approval mode. `yolo` auto-approves all tools; use it only in trusted or sandboxed environments. |
| `can_use_tool` | async callback | Custom permission callback for tool requests. |
| `env` | `dict[str, str]` | Extra environment variables passed to the CLI process. |
| `system_prompt` | `str` | Override the system prompt. |
| `append_system_prompt` | `str` | Append extra instructions to the system prompt. |
| `debug` | `bool` | Forward CLI stderr to stderr when no `stderr` hook exists. |
| `max_session_turns` | `int` | Maximum turns before the CLI ends the session. |
| `core_tools` | `list[str]` | Restrict the available tool set. |
| `exclude_tools` | `list[str]` | Exclude matching tools. |
| `allowed_tools` | `list[str]` | Allow matching tools without callback approval. |
| `auth_type` | `openai`, `anthropic`, `qwen-oauth`, `gemini`, `vertex-ai` | Authentication mode passed to the CLI. |
| `include_partial_messages` | `bool` | Emit partial assistant stream events. |
| `resume` | UUID string | Resume a known session id. |
| `continue_session` | `bool` | Continue the latest CLI session. |
| `session_id` | UUID string | Start or correlate a session with a known id. |
| `timeout` | mapping | Timeouts in seconds. |
| `stderr` | callable | Receives CLI stderr lines. |
Use only one of `resume`, `continue_session`, or `session_id` in a request. The
SDK raises `ValidationError` if these session options are combined.
Unsupported in v1:
- `mcp_servers`
### Common Configuration
```python
options = {
"cwd": "/path/to/project",
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
"model": "qwen-plus",
"permission_mode": "plan",
"max_session_turns": 1,
"env": {
"OPENAI_MODEL": "qwen-plus",
},
"timeout": {
"control_request": 60,
"can_use_tool": 60,
"stream_close": 60,
},
}
```
Timeout values are seconds. `env` is merged on top of the parent process
environment, so you only need to pass variables that should differ for this SDK
session. Set secrets such as `OPENAI_API_KEY` in the parent environment or a
secrets manager rather than hardcoding them in source.
## Permission Handling
When the CLI emits a `can_use_tool` control request, the SDK routes it through
`can_use_tool(tool_name, tool_input, context)`.
- Default behavior: deny
- Default timeout: 60 seconds, configurable with `timeout.can_use_tool`
- Timeout fallback: deny
- Callback exceptions: converted to deny with an error message
- Callback context: `cancel_event`, `suggestions`, and `blocked_path`
- Callback contract: `can_use_tool` must be async with 3 positional arguments;
`stderr` must accept 1 positional string argument
Example:
```python
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from qwen_code_sdk import is_sdk_result_message, query
PROJECT_ROOT = Path("/path/to/project").resolve()
def project_path(tool_name, tool_input):
key = "path" if tool_name == "list_directory" else "file_path"
raw_path = tool_input.get(key)
if not isinstance(raw_path, str) or not raw_path:
return None
resolved = (PROJECT_ROOT / raw_path).resolve()
try:
resolved.relative_to(PROJECT_ROOT)
except ValueError:
return None
return resolved
async def can_use_tool(tool_name, tool_input, context):
if tool_name in {"read_file", "list_directory", "write_file"}:
resolved = project_path(tool_name, tool_input)
if resolved is None:
return {
"behavior": "deny",
"message": "Only project-local paths are allowed",
}
if tool_name == "write_file" and resolved.suffix != ".md":
return {"behavior": "deny", "message": "Only .md files can be written"}
return {"behavior": "allow", "updatedInput": tool_input}
return {
"behavior": "deny",
"message": f"{tool_name} is not allowed by this application",
}
async def main():
async with query(
"Update README.md with a short summary.",
{
"cwd": str(PROJECT_ROOT),
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
"can_use_tool": can_use_tool,
},
) as result:
async for message in result:
if is_sdk_result_message(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
else:
print(message.get("result", ""))
asyncio.run(main())
```
If you do not pass `can_use_tool`, the SDK denies permission requests by
default.
## Multi-Turn Sessions
For multi-turn sessions, pass an async iterable of `SDKUserMessage` objects:
```python
import asyncio
from qwen_code_sdk import SDKUserMessage, is_sdk_result_message, query
SESSION_ID = "123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000"
async def prompts():
first: SDKUserMessage = {
"type": "user",
"session_id": SESSION_ID,
"message": {
"role": "user",
"content": "Create a concise project summary.",
},
"parent_tool_use_id": None,
}
yield first
second: SDKUserMessage = {
"type": "user",
"session_id": SESSION_ID,
"message": {
"role": "user",
"content": "Also list the test files.",
},
"parent_tool_use_id": None,
}
yield second
async def main():
async with query(
prompts(),
{
"cwd": "/path/to/project",
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
"session_id": SESSION_ID,
},
) as result:
async for message in result:
if is_sdk_result_message(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
else:
print(message.get("result", ""))
asyncio.run(main())
```
All messages in the async iterable must be known upfront. The SDK sends them
sequentially to the CLI but cannot feed a prior response back into the generator.
If you need conversational turn-taking, manage each turn as a separate `query()`
call.
## Runtime Controls
The returned `Query` object can control the running CLI process:
```python
import asyncio
from qwen_code_sdk import is_sdk_result_message, query
async def main():
async with query(
"Inspect this repository and explain the test layout.",
{
"cwd": "/path/to/project",
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
},
) as result:
commands = await result.supported_commands()
print(commands)
await result.set_permission_mode("plan")
await result.set_model("qwen-plus")
async for message in result:
if is_sdk_result_message(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
else:
print(message.get("result", ""))
asyncio.run(main())
```
Use `interrupt()` to cancel the current operation, `close()` to clean up the
underlying process, and `get_session_id()` to persist a session id for later.
## Session Resume
```python
import asyncio
from qwen_code_sdk import is_sdk_result_message, query
async def main():
# Resume a known session by its id.
async with query(
"Continue from this session.",
{
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
"resume": "123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000",
},
) as known:
async for message in known:
if is_sdk_result_message(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
else:
print(message.get("result", ""))
asyncio.run(main())
```
To continue the latest session instead:
```python
import asyncio
from qwen_code_sdk import is_sdk_result_message, query
async def main():
async with query(
"Continue the latest session.",
{
"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen",
"continue_session": True,
},
) as latest:
async for message in latest:
if is_sdk_result_message(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
else:
print(message.get("result", ""))
asyncio.run(main())
```
`resume` is useful when your application stores session ids. `continue_session`
delegates the selection of the latest session to the CLI.
## Error Model
- `ValidationError`: invalid options, invalid UUIDs, unsupported combinations
- `ControlRequestTimeoutError`: initialize, interrupt, or other control request
timed out
- `ProcessExitError`: CLI exited non-zero
- `AbortError`: control request or session was cancelled
```python
from qwen_code_sdk import (
ProcessExitError,
ValidationError,
is_sdk_result_message,
query_sync,
)
try:
with query_sync("Say hello", {"path_to_qwen_executable": "qwen"}) as result:
for message in result:
if is_sdk_result_message(message):
if message.get("is_error"):
error = message.get("error") or {}
print(f"Error: {error.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
else:
print(message.get("result", ""))
except ValidationError as exc:
print(f"Invalid SDK options: {exc}")
except ProcessExitError as exc:
print(f"qwen exited with {exc.exit_code}: {exc}")
```
## Troubleshooting
If the SDK cannot start the CLI:
- Verify `qwen --version` works in the target environment
- Pass `path_to_qwen_executable` if your shell uses `nvm`, `pyenv`, or other
non-standard PATH setup
- Use `debug=True` or `stderr=print` to surface CLI stderr while debugging
If session control calls time out:
- Check that the target `qwen` version supports `--input-format stream-json`
- Increase `timeout.control_request`
- Verify that no wrapper script is swallowing stdout/stderr
## Repository Integration
Repository-level helper commands:
- `npm run test:sdk:python`
- `npm run lint:sdk:python`
- `npm run typecheck:sdk:python`
- `npm run smoke:sdk:python -- --qwen qwen`
## Real E2E Smoke
For a real runtime check (actual `qwen` process + real model call), run from
the repository root. The npm helper uses `python3`, so ensure it resolves to a
Python `>=3.10` interpreter:
```bash
npm run smoke:sdk:python -- --qwen qwen
```
This script runs:
- async single-turn query
- async control flow (`supported_commands`, permission mode updates)
- sync `query_sync` query
It prints JSON and returns non-zero on failure.
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