qwen-code/docs/design/fork-subagent/fork-subagent-design.md

Fork Subagent Design

Implicit fork subagent that inherits the parent's full conversation context and shares prompt cache for cost-efficient parallel task execution.

Overview

When the Agent tool is called without subagent_type, it triggers an implicit fork — a background subagent that inherits the parent's conversation history, system prompt, and tool definitions. The fork uses CacheSafeParams to ensure its API requests share the same prefix as the parent's, enabling DashScope prompt cache hits.

Architecture

Parent conversation: [SystemPrompt | Tools | Msg1 | Msg2 | ... | MsgN (model)]
                              ↑ identical prefix for all forks ↑

Fork A: [...MsgN | placeholder results | "Research A"]  ← shared cache
Fork B: [...MsgN | placeholder results | "Modify B"]    ← shared cache
Fork C: [...MsgN | placeholder results | "Test C"]      ← shared cache

Key Components

1. FORK_AGENT (forkSubagent.ts)

Synthetic agent config, not registered in builtInAgents. Has a fallback systemPrompt but in practice uses the parent's rendered system prompt via generationConfigOverride.

2. CacheSafeParams Integration (agent.ts + forkedQuery.ts)

agent.ts (fork path)
  │
  ├── getCacheSafeParams()          ← parent's generationConfig snapshot
  │     ├── generationConfig        ← systemInstruction + tools + temp/topP
  │     └── history                 ← (not used — we build extraHistory instead)
  │
  ├── forkGenerationConfig          ← passed as generationConfigOverride
  └── forkToolsOverride             ← FunctionDeclaration[] extracted from tools
        │
        ▼
  AgentHeadless.execute(context, signal, {
    extraHistory,                   ← parent conversation history
    generationConfigOverride,       ← parent's exact systemInstruction + tools
    toolsOverride,                  ← parent's exact tool declarations
  })
        │
        ▼
  AgentCore.createChat(context, {
    extraHistory,
    generationConfigOverride,       ← bypasses buildChatSystemPrompt()
  })                                   AND skips getInitialChatHistory()
        │                              (extraHistory already has env context)
        ▼
  new GeminiChat(config, generationConfig, startHistory)
                          ↑ byte-identical to parent's config

3. History Construction (agent.ts + forkSubagent.ts)

The fork's extraHistory must end with a model message to maintain Gemini API's user/model alternation when agent-headless sends the task_prompt.

Three cases:

Parent history ends with	extraHistory construction	task_prompt
model (no function calls)	[...rawHistory] (unchanged)	buildChildMessage(directive)
model (with function calls)	[...rawHistory, model(clone), user(responses+directive), model(ack)]	'Begin.'
user (unusual)	rawHistory.slice(0, -1) (drop trailing user)	buildChildMessage(directive)

4. Recursive Fork Prevention (forkSubagent.ts)

isInForkChild() scans conversation history for the <fork-boilerplate> tag. If found, the fork attempt is rejected with an error message.

5. Background Execution (agent.ts)

Fork uses void executeSubagent() (fire-and-forget) and returns FORK_PLACEHOLDER_RESULT immediately to the parent. Errors in the background task are caught, logged, and reflected in the display state.

Data Flow

1. Model calls Agent tool (no subagent_type)
2. agent.ts: import forkSubagent.js
3. agent.ts: getCacheSafeParams() → forkGenerationConfig + forkToolsOverride
4. agent.ts: build extraHistory from parent's getHistory(true)
5. agent.ts: build forkTaskPrompt (directive or 'Begin.')
6. agent.ts: createAgentHeadless(FORK_AGENT, ...)
7. agent.ts: void executeSubagent() — background
8. agent.ts: return FORK_PLACEHOLDER_RESULT to parent immediately
9. Background:
   a. AgentHeadless.execute(context, signal, {extraHistory, generationConfigOverride, toolsOverride})
   b. AgentCore.createChat() — uses parent's generationConfig (cache-shared)
   c. runReasoningLoop() — uses parent's tool declarations
   d. Fork executes tools, produces result
   e. updateDisplay() with final status

Graceful Degradation

If getCacheSafeParams() returns null (first turn, no history yet), the fork falls back to:

• FORK_AGENT.systemPrompt for system instruction
• prepareTools() for tool declarations

This ensures the fork always works, even without cache sharing.

Files

File	Role
packages/core/src/agents/runtime/forkSubagent.ts	FORK_AGENT config, buildForkedMessages(), isInForkChild(), buildChildMessage()
packages/core/src/tools/agent.ts	Fork path: CacheSafeParams retrieval, extraHistory construction, background execution
packages/core/src/agents/runtime/agent-headless.ts	execute() options: generationConfigOverride, toolsOverride
packages/core/src/agents/runtime/agent-core.ts	CreateChatOptions.generationConfigOverride
packages/core/src/followup/forkedQuery.ts	CacheSafeParams infrastructure (existing, no changes)