Merge branch 'main' into fix-sandbox-ideInstall

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/acp.ts

@@ -98,6 +98,14 @@ export class AgentSideConnection implements Client {
     );
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sends a custom notification to the client.
+   * Used for extension-specific notifications that are not part of the core ACP protocol.
+   */
+  async sendCustomNotification<T>(method: string, params: T): Promise<void> {
+    return await this.#connection.sendNotification(method, params);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Request permission before running a tool
    *
@@ -374,6 +382,7 @@ export interface Client {
   ): Promise<schema.RequestPermissionResponse>;
   sessionUpdate(params: schema.SessionNotification): Promise<void>;
   authenticateUpdate(params: schema.AuthenticateUpdate): Promise<void>;
+  sendCustomNotification<T>(method: string, params: T): Promise<void>;
   writeTextFile(
     params: schema.WriteTextFileRequest,
   ): Promise<schema.WriteTextFileResponse>;

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/acpAgent.ts

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ import {
   qwenOAuth2Events,
   MCPServerConfig,
   SessionService,
-  buildApiHistoryFromConversation,
   type Config,
   type ConversationRecord,
   type DeviceAuthorizationData,
+  tokenLimit,
 } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 import type { ApprovalModeValue } from './schema.js';
 import * as acp from './acp.js';
@@ -165,9 +165,30 @@ class GeminiAgent {
     this.setupFileSystem(config);
 
     const session = await this.createAndStoreSession(config);
+    const configuredModel = (
+      config.getModel() ||
+      this.config.getModel() ||
+      ''
+    ).trim();
+    const modelId = configuredModel || 'default';
+    const modelName = configuredModel || modelId;
 
     return {
       sessionId: session.getId(),
+      models: {
+        currentModelId: modelId,
+        availableModels: [
+          {
+            modelId,
+            name: modelName,
+            description: null,
+            _meta: {
+              contextLimit: tokenLimit(modelId),
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+        _meta: null,
+      },
     };
   }
 
@@ -327,12 +348,20 @@ class GeminiAgent {
     const sessionId = config.getSessionId();
     const geminiClient = config.getGeminiClient();
 
-    const history = conversation
-      ? buildApiHistoryFromConversation(conversation)
-      : undefined;
-    const chat = history
-      ? await geminiClient.startChat(history)
-      : await geminiClient.startChat();
+    // Use GeminiClient to manage chat lifecycle properly
+    // This ensures geminiClient.chat is in sync with the session's chat
+    //
+    // Note: When loading a session, config.initialize() has already been called
+    // in newSessionConfig(), which in turn calls geminiClient.initialize().
+    // The GeminiClient.initialize() method checks config.getResumedSessionData()
+    // and automatically loads the conversation history into the chat instance.
+    // So we only need to initialize if it hasn't been done yet.
+    if (!geminiClient.isInitialized()) {
+      await geminiClient.initialize();
+    }
+
+    // Now get the chat instance that's managed by GeminiClient
+    const chat = geminiClient.getChat();
 
     const session = new Session(
       sessionId,

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/schema.ts

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ export type ModeInfo = z.infer<typeof modeInfoSchema>;
 export type ModesData = z.infer<typeof modesDataSchema>;
 
 export type AgentInfo = z.infer<typeof agentInfoSchema>;
+export type ModelInfo = z.infer<typeof modelInfoSchema>;
 
 export type PromptCapabilities = z.infer<typeof promptCapabilitiesSchema>;
 
@@ -254,8 +255,26 @@ export const authenticateUpdateSchema = z.object({
 
 export type AuthenticateUpdate = z.infer<typeof authenticateUpdateSchema>;
 
+export const acpMetaSchema = z.record(z.unknown()).nullable().optional();
+
+export const modelIdSchema = z.string();
+
+export const modelInfoSchema = z.object({
+  _meta: acpMetaSchema,
+  description: z.string().nullable().optional(),
+  modelId: modelIdSchema,
+  name: z.string(),
+});
+
+export const sessionModelStateSchema = z.object({
+  _meta: acpMetaSchema,
+  availableModels: z.array(modelInfoSchema),
+  currentModelId: modelIdSchema,
+});
+
 export const newSessionResponseSchema = z.object({
   sessionId: z.string(),
+  models: sessionModelStateSchema,
 });
 
 export const loadSessionResponseSchema = z.null();
@@ -514,6 +533,13 @@ export const currentModeUpdateSchema = z.object({
 
 export type CurrentModeUpdate = z.infer<typeof currentModeUpdateSchema>;
 
+export const currentModelUpdateSchema = z.object({
+  sessionUpdate: z.literal('current_model_update'),
+  model: modelInfoSchema,
+});
+
+export type CurrentModelUpdate = z.infer<typeof currentModelUpdateSchema>;
+
 export const sessionUpdateSchema = z.union([
   z.object({
     content: contentBlockSchema,
@@ -555,6 +581,7 @@ export const sessionUpdateSchema = z.union([
     sessionUpdate: z.literal('plan'),
   }),
   currentModeUpdateSchema,
+  currentModelUpdateSchema,
   availableCommandsUpdateSchema,
 ]);
 

packages/cli/src/acp-integration/session/Session.ts

@@ -41,9 +41,11 @@ import * as fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { getErrorMessage } from '../../utils/errors.js';
+import { normalizePartList } from '../../utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.js';
 import {
   handleSlashCommand,
   getAvailableCommands,
+  type NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult,
 } from '../../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
 import type {
   AvailableCommand,
@@ -63,12 +65,6 @@ import { PlanEmitter } from './emitters/PlanEmitter.js';
 import { MessageEmitter } from './emitters/MessageEmitter.js';
 import { SubAgentTracker } from './SubAgentTracker.js';
 
-/**
- * Built-in commands that are allowed in ACP integration mode.
- * Only safe, read-only commands that don't require interactive UI.
- */
-export const ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_FOR_ACP = ['init'];
-
 /**
  * Session represents an active conversation session with the AI model.
  * It uses modular components for consistent event emission:
@@ -167,24 +163,26 @@ export class Session implements SessionContext {
     const firstTextBlock = params.prompt.find((block) => block.type === 'text');
     const inputText = firstTextBlock?.text || '';
 
-    let parts: Part[];
+    let parts: Part[] | null;
 
     if (isSlashCommand(inputText)) {
-      // Handle slash command - allow specific built-in commands for ACP integration
+      // Handle slash command - uses default allowed commands (init, summary, compress)
       const slashCommandResult = await handleSlashCommand(
         inputText,
         pendingSend,
         this.config,
         this.settings,
-        ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_FOR_ACP,
       );
 
-      if (slashCommandResult) {
-        // Use the result from the slash command
-        parts = slashCommandResult as Part[];
-      } else {
-        // Slash command didn't return a prompt, continue with normal processing
-        parts = await this.#resolvePrompt(params.prompt, pendingSend.signal);
+      parts = await this.#processSlashCommandResult(
+        slashCommandResult,
+        params.prompt,
+      );
+
+      // If parts is null, the command was fully handled (e.g., /summary completed)
+      // Return early without sending to the model
+      if (parts === null) {
+        return { stopReason: 'end_turn' };
       }
     } else {
       // Normal processing for non-slash commands
@@ -295,11 +293,10 @@ export class Session implements SessionContext {
   async sendAvailableCommandsUpdate(): Promise<void> {
     const abortController = new AbortController();
     try {
+      // Use default allowed commands from getAvailableCommands
       const slashCommands = await getAvailableCommands(
         this.config,
-        this.settings,
         abortController.signal,
-        ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_FOR_ACP,
       );
 
       // Convert SlashCommand[] to AvailableCommand[] format for ACP protocol
@@ -647,6 +644,103 @@ export class Session implements SessionContext {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Processes the result of a slash command execution.
+   *
+   * Supported result types in ACP mode:
+   * - submit_prompt: Submits content to the model
+   * - stream_messages: Streams multiple messages to the client (ACP-specific)
+   * - unsupported: Command cannot be executed in ACP mode
+   * - no_command: No command was found, use original prompt
+   *
+   * Note: 'message' type is not supported in ACP mode - commands should use
+   * 'stream_messages' instead for consistent async handling.
+   *
+   * @param result The result from handleSlashCommand
+   * @param originalPrompt The original prompt blocks
+   * @returns Parts to use for the prompt, or null if command was handled without needing model interaction
+   */
+  async #processSlashCommandResult(
+    result: NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult,
+    originalPrompt: acp.ContentBlock[],
+  ): Promise<Part[] | null> {
+    switch (result.type) {
+      case 'submit_prompt':
+        // Command wants to submit a prompt to the model
+        // Convert PartListUnion to Part[]
+        return normalizePartList(result.content);
+
+      case 'message': {
+        // 'message' type is not ideal for ACP mode, but we handle it for compatibility
+        // by converting it to a stream_messages-like notification
+        await this.client.sendCustomNotification('_qwencode/slash_command', {
+          sessionId: this.sessionId,
+          command: originalPrompt
+            .filter((block) => block.type === 'text')
+            .map((block) => (block.type === 'text' ? block.text : ''))
+            .join(' '),
+          messageType: result.messageType,
+          message: result.content || '',
+        });
+
+        if (result.messageType === 'error') {
+          // Throw error to stop execution
+          throw new Error(result.content || 'Slash command failed.');
+        }
+        // For info messages, return null to indicate command was handled
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      case 'stream_messages': {
+        // Command returns multiple messages via async generator (ACP-preferred)
+        const command = originalPrompt
+          .filter((block) => block.type === 'text')
+          .map((block) => (block.type === 'text' ? block.text : ''))
+          .join(' ');
+
+        // Stream all messages to the client
+        for await (const msg of result.messages) {
+          await this.client.sendCustomNotification('_qwencode/slash_command', {
+            sessionId: this.sessionId,
+            command,
+            messageType: msg.messageType,
+            message: msg.content,
+          });
+
+          // If we encounter an error message, throw after sending
+          if (msg.messageType === 'error') {
+            throw new Error(msg.content || 'Slash command failed.');
+          }
+        }
+
+        // All messages sent successfully, return null to indicate command was handled
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      case 'unsupported': {
+        // Command returned an unsupported result type
+        const unsupportedError = `Slash command not supported in ACP integration: ${result.reason}`;
+        throw new Error(unsupportedError);
+      }
+
+      case 'no_command':
+        // No command was found or executed, use original prompt
+        return originalPrompt.map((block) => {
+          if (block.type === 'text') {
+            return { text: block.text };
+          }
+          throw new Error(`Unsupported block type: ${block.type}`);
+        });
+
+      default: {
+        // Exhaustiveness check
+        const _exhaustive: never = result;
+        const unknownError = `Unknown slash command result type: ${(_exhaustive as NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult).type}`;
+        throw new Error(unknownError);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   async #resolvePrompt(
     message: acp.ContentBlock[],
     abortSignal: AbortSignal,

packages/cli/src/config/auth.ts

@@ -26,5 +26,37 @@ export function validateAuthMethod(authMethod: string): string | null {
     return null;
   }
 
+  if (authMethod === AuthType.USE_ANTHROPIC) {
+    const hasApiKey = process.env['ANTHROPIC_API_KEY'];
+    if (!hasApiKey) {
+      return 'ANTHROPIC_API_KEY environment variable not found.';
+    }
+
+    const hasBaseUrl = process.env['ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL'];
+    if (!hasBaseUrl) {
+      return 'ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL environment variable not found.';
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (authMethod === AuthType.USE_GEMINI) {
+    const hasApiKey = process.env['GEMINI_API_KEY'];
+    if (!hasApiKey) {
+      return 'GEMINI_API_KEY environment variable not found. Please set it in your .env file or environment variables.';
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (authMethod === AuthType.USE_VERTEX_AI) {
+    const hasApiKey = process.env['GOOGLE_API_KEY'];
+    if (!hasApiKey) {
+      return 'GOOGLE_API_KEY environment variable not found. Please set it in your .env file or environment variables.';
+    }
+
+    process.env['GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI'] = 'true';
+    return null;
+  }
+
   return 'Invalid auth method selected.';
 }

packages/cli/src/config/config.test.ts

@@ -2114,7 +2114,14 @@ describe('loadCliConfig model selection', () => {
   });
 
   it('always prefers model from argvs', async () => {
-    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js', '--model', 'qwen3-coder-plus'];
+    process.argv = [
+      'node',
+      'script.js',
+      '--auth-type',
+      'openai',
+      '--model',
+      'qwen3-coder-plus',
+    ];
     const argv = await parseArguments({} as Settings);
     const config = await loadCliConfig(
       {
@@ -2134,7 +2141,14 @@ describe('loadCliConfig model selection', () => {
   });
 
   it('selects the model from argvs if provided', async () => {
-    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js', '--model', 'qwen3-coder-plus'];
+    process.argv = [
+      'node',
+      'script.js',
+      '--auth-type',
+      'openai',
+      '--model',
+      'qwen3-coder-plus',
+    ];
     const argv = await parseArguments({} as Settings);
     const config = await loadCliConfig(
       {

packages/cli/src/config/config.ts

@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ export interface CliArgs {
   telemetryOutfile: string | undefined;
   allowedMcpServerNames: string[] | undefined;
   allowedTools: string[] | undefined;
+  acp: boolean | undefined;
   experimentalAcp: boolean | undefined;
+  experimentalSkills: boolean | undefined;
   extensions: string[] | undefined;
   listExtensions: boolean | undefined;
   openaiLogging: boolean | undefined;
@@ -303,10 +305,21 @@ export async function parseArguments(settings: Settings): Promise<CliArgs> {
           description: 'Enables checkpointing of file edits',
           default: false,
         })
-        .option('experimental-acp', {
+        .option('acp', {
           type: 'boolean',
           description: 'Starts the agent in ACP mode',
         })
+        .option('experimental-acp', {
+          type: 'boolean',
+          description:
+            'Starts the agent in ACP mode (deprecated, use --acp instead)',
+          hidden: true,
+        })
+        .option('experimental-skills', {
+          type: 'boolean',
+          description: 'Enable experimental Skills feature',
+          default: false,
+        })
         .option('channel', {
           type: 'string',
           choices: ['VSCode', 'ACP', 'SDK', 'CI'],
@@ -460,7 +473,13 @@ export async function parseArguments(settings: Settings): Promise<CliArgs> {
         })
         .option('auth-type', {
           type: 'string',
-          choices: [AuthType.USE_OPENAI, AuthType.QWEN_OAUTH],
+          choices: [
+            AuthType.USE_OPENAI,
+            AuthType.USE_ANTHROPIC,
+            AuthType.QWEN_OAUTH,
+            AuthType.USE_GEMINI,
+            AuthType.USE_VERTEX_AI,
+          ],
           description: 'Authentication type',
         })
         .deprecateOption(
@@ -577,8 +596,19 @@ export async function parseArguments(settings: Settings): Promise<CliArgs> {
   // The import format is now only controlled by settings.memoryImportFormat
   // We no longer accept it as a CLI argument
 
-  // Apply ACP fallback: if experimental-acp is present but no explicit --channel, treat as ACP
-  if (result['experimentalAcp'] && !result['channel']) {
+  // Handle deprecated --experimental-acp flag
+  if (result['experimentalAcp']) {
+    console.warn(
+      '\x1b[33m⚠ Warning: --experimental-acp is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Please use --acp instead.\x1b[0m',
+    );
+    // Map experimental-acp to acp if acp is not explicitly set
+    if (!result['acp']) {
+      (result as Record<string, unknown>)['acp'] = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Apply ACP fallback: if acp or experimental-acp is present but no explicit --channel, treat as ACP
+  if ((result['acp'] || result['experimentalAcp']) && !result['channel']) {
     (result as Record<string, unknown>)['channel'] = 'ACP';
   }
 
@@ -865,11 +895,30 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     );
   }
 
+  const selectedAuthType =
+    (argv.authType as AuthType | undefined) ||
+    settings.security?.auth?.selectedType;
+
+  const apiKey =
+    (selectedAuthType === AuthType.USE_OPENAI
+      ? argv.openaiApiKey ||
+        process.env['OPENAI_API_KEY'] ||
+        settings.security?.auth?.apiKey
+      : '') || '';
+  const baseUrl =
+    (selectedAuthType === AuthType.USE_OPENAI
+      ? argv.openaiBaseUrl ||
+        process.env['OPENAI_BASE_URL'] ||
+        settings.security?.auth?.baseUrl
+      : '') || '';
   const resolvedModel =
     argv.model ||
-    process.env['OPENAI_MODEL'] ||
-    process.env['QWEN_MODEL'] ||
-    settings.model?.name;
+    (selectedAuthType === AuthType.USE_OPENAI
+      ? process.env['OPENAI_MODEL'] ||
+        process.env['QWEN_MODEL'] ||
+        settings.model?.name
+      : '') ||
+    '';
 
   const sandboxConfig = await loadSandboxConfig(settings, argv);
   const screenReader =
@@ -950,28 +999,21 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     sessionTokenLimit: settings.model?.sessionTokenLimit ?? -1,
     maxSessionTurns:
       argv.maxSessionTurns ?? settings.model?.maxSessionTurns ?? -1,
-    experimentalZedIntegration: argv.experimentalAcp || false,
+    experimentalZedIntegration: argv.acp || argv.experimentalAcp || false,
+    experimentalSkills: argv.experimentalSkills || false,
     listExtensions: argv.listExtensions || false,
     extensions: allExtensions,
     blockedMcpServers,
     noBrowser: !!process.env['NO_BROWSER'],
-    authType:
-      (argv.authType as AuthType | undefined) ||
-      settings.security?.auth?.selectedType,
+    authType: selectedAuthType,
     inputFormat,
     outputFormat,
     includePartialMessages,
     generationConfig: {
       ...(settings.model?.generationConfig || {}),
       model: resolvedModel,
-      apiKey:
-        argv.openaiApiKey ||
-        process.env['OPENAI_API_KEY'] ||
-        settings.security?.auth?.apiKey,
-      baseUrl:
-        argv.openaiBaseUrl ||
-        process.env['OPENAI_BASE_URL'] ||
-        settings.security?.auth?.baseUrl,
+      apiKey,
+      baseUrl,
       enableOpenAILogging:
         (typeof argv.openaiLogging === 'undefined'
           ? settings.model?.enableOpenAILogging

packages/cli/src/config/extension.test.ts

@@ -56,6 +56,17 @@ vi.mock('simple-git', () => ({
   }),
 }));
 
+vi.mock('./extensions/github.js', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual =
+    await importOriginal<typeof import('./extensions/github.js')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    downloadFromGitHubRelease: vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValue(new Error('Mocked GitHub release download failure')),
+  };
+});
+
 vi.mock('os', async (importOriginal) => {
   const mockedOs = await importOriginal<typeof os>();
   return {

packages/cli/src/config/extensions/update.test.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,17 @@ vi.mock('simple-git', () => ({
   }),
 }));
 
+vi.mock('../extensions/github.js', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual =
+    await importOriginal<typeof import('../extensions/github.js')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    downloadFromGitHubRelease: vi
+      .fn()
+      .mockRejectedValue(new Error('Mocked GitHub release download failure')),
+  };
+});
+
 vi.mock('os', async (importOriginal) => {
   const mockedOs = await importOriginal<typeof os>();
   return {

packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts

@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ const SETTINGS_SCHEMA = {
           { value: 'en', label: 'English' },
           { value: 'zh', label: '中文 (Chinese)' },
           { value: 'ru', label: 'Русский (Russian)' },
+          { value: 'de', label: 'Deutsch (German)' },
         ],
       },
       terminalBell: {

packages/cli/src/core/initializer.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { type LoadedSettings, SettingScope } from '../config/settings.js';
 import { performInitialAuth } from './auth.js';
 import { validateTheme } from './theme.js';
 import { initializeI18n } from '../i18n/index.js';
+import { initializeLlmOutputLanguage } from '../ui/commands/languageCommand.js';
 
 export interface InitializationResult {
   authError: string | null;
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@ export async function initializeApp(
     'auto';
   await initializeI18n(languageSetting);
 
+  // Auto-detect and set LLM output language on first use
+  initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
   const authType = settings.merged.security?.auth?.selectedType;
   const authError = await performInitialAuth(config, authType);
 

packages/cli/src/gemini.test.tsx

@@ -460,7 +460,9 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function kitty protocol', () => {
       telemetryOutfile: undefined,
       allowedMcpServerNames: undefined,
       allowedTools: undefined,
+      acp: undefined,
       experimentalAcp: undefined,
+      experimentalSkills: undefined,
       extensions: undefined,
       listExtensions: undefined,
       openaiLogging: undefined,
@@ -638,4 +640,37 @@ describe('startInteractiveUI', () => {
     await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
     expect(checkForUpdates).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
+
+  it('should not check for updates when update nag is disabled', async () => {
+    const { checkForUpdates } = await import('./ui/utils/updateCheck.js');
+
+    const mockInitializationResult = {
+      authError: null,
+      themeError: null,
+      shouldOpenAuthDialog: false,
+      geminiMdFileCount: 0,
+    };
+
+    const settingsWithUpdateNagDisabled = {
+      merged: {
+        general: {
+          disableUpdateNag: true,
+        },
+        ui: {
+          hideWindowTitle: false,
+        },
+      },
+    } as LoadedSettings;
+
+    await startInteractiveUI(
+      mockConfig,
+      settingsWithUpdateNagDisabled,
+      mockStartupWarnings,
+      mockWorkspaceRoot,
+      mockInitializationResult,
+    );
+
+    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 0));
+    expect(checkForUpdates).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });

packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx

@@ -4,13 +4,8 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
-import type { Config } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
-import {
-  AuthType,
-  getOauthClient,
-  InputFormat,
-  logUserPrompt,
-} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
+import type { Config, AuthType } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
+import { InputFormat, logUserPrompt } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 import { render } from 'ink';
 import dns from 'node:dns';
 import os from 'node:os';
@@ -188,16 +183,18 @@ export async function startInteractiveUI(
     },
   );
 
-  checkForUpdates()
-    .then((info) => {
-      handleAutoUpdate(info, settings, config.getProjectRoot());
-    })
-    .catch((err) => {
-      // Silently ignore update check errors.
-      if (config.getDebugMode()) {
-        console.error('Update check failed:', err);
-      }
-    });
+  if (!settings.merged.general?.disableUpdateNag) {
+    checkForUpdates()
+      .then((info) => {
+        handleAutoUpdate(info, settings, config.getProjectRoot());
+      })
+      .catch((err) => {
+        // Silently ignore update check errors.
+        if (config.getDebugMode()) {
+          console.error('Update check failed:', err);
+        }
+      });
+  }
 
   registerCleanup(() => instance.unmount());
 }
@@ -399,15 +396,6 @@ export async function main() {
       initializationResult = await initializeApp(config, settings);
     }
 
-    if (
-      settings.merged.security?.auth?.selectedType ===
-        AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE &&
-      config.isBrowserLaunchSuppressed()
-    ) {
-      // Do oauth before app renders to make copying the link possible.
-      await getOauthClient(settings.merged.security.auth.selectedType, config);
-    }
-
     if (config.getExperimentalZedIntegration()) {
       return runAcpAgent(config, settings, extensions, argv);
     }

packages/cli/src/i18n/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Qwen
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen team
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
@@ -8,15 +8,21 @@ import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import { homedir } from 'node:os';
+import {
+  type SupportedLanguage,
+  getLanguageNameFromLocale,
+} from './languages.js';
 
-export type SupportedLanguage = 'en' | 'zh' | 'ru' | string; // Allow custom language codes
+export type { SupportedLanguage };
+export { getLanguageNameFromLocale };
 
 // State
 let currentLanguage: SupportedLanguage = 'en';
-let translations: Record<string, string> = {};
+let translations: Record<string, string | string[]> = {};
 
 // Cache
-type TranslationDict = Record<string, string>;
+type TranslationValue = string | string[];
+type TranslationDict = Record<string, TranslationValue>;
 const translationCache: Record<string, TranslationDict> = {};
 const loadingPromises: Record<string, Promise<TranslationDict>> = {};
 
@@ -52,11 +58,13 @@ export function detectSystemLanguage(): SupportedLanguage {
   if (envLang?.startsWith('zh')) return 'zh';
   if (envLang?.startsWith('en')) return 'en';
   if (envLang?.startsWith('ru')) return 'ru';
+  if (envLang?.startsWith('de')) return 'de';
 
   try {
     const locale = Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().locale;
     if (locale.startsWith('zh')) return 'zh';
     if (locale.startsWith('ru')) return 'ru';
+    if (locale.startsWith('de')) return 'de';
   } catch {
     // Fallback to default
   }
@@ -224,9 +232,25 @@ export function getCurrentLanguage(): SupportedLanguage {
 
 export function t(key: string, params?: Record<string, string>): string {
   const translation = translations[key] ?? key;
+  if (Array.isArray(translation)) {
+    return key;
+  }
   return interpolate(translation, params);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Get a translation that is an array of strings.
+ * @param key The translation key
+ * @returns The array of strings, or an empty array if not found or not an array
+ */
+export function ta(key: string): string[] {
+  const translation = translations[key];
+  if (Array.isArray(translation)) {
+    return translation;
+  }
+  return [];
+}
+
 export async function initializeI18n(
   lang?: SupportedLanguage | 'auto',
 ): Promise<void> {

packages/cli/src/i18n/languages.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+export type SupportedLanguage = 'en' | 'zh' | 'ru' | 'de' | string;
+
+export interface LanguageDefinition {
+  /** The internal locale code used by the i18n system (e.g., 'en', 'zh'). */
+  code: SupportedLanguage;
+  /** The standard name used in UI settings (e.g., 'en-US', 'zh-CN'). */
+  id: string;
+  /** The full English name of the language (e.g., 'English', 'Chinese'). */
+  fullName: string;
+}
+
+export const SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES: readonly LanguageDefinition[] = [
+  {
+    code: 'en',
+    id: 'en-US',
+    fullName: 'English',
+  },
+  {
+    code: 'zh',
+    id: 'zh-CN',
+    fullName: 'Chinese',
+  },
+  {
+    code: 'ru',
+    id: 'ru-RU',
+    fullName: 'Russian',
+  },
+  {
+    code: 'de',
+    id: 'de-DE',
+    fullName: 'German',
+  },
+];
+
+/**
+ * Maps a locale code to its English language name.
+ * Used for LLM output language instructions.
+ */
+export function getLanguageNameFromLocale(locale: SupportedLanguage): string {
+  const lang = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((l) => l.code === locale);
+  return lang?.fullName || 'English';
+}

packages/cli/src/i18n/locales/en.js

@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ export default {
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.': 'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.',
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.':
     'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.',
-  'clear the screen and conversation history':
-    'clear the screen and conversation history',
+  'Clear conversation history and free up context':
+    'Clear conversation history and free up context',
   'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.':
     'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.',
   'open full Qwen Code documentation in your browser':
@@ -258,6 +258,8 @@ export default {
   ', Tab to change focus': ', Tab to change focus',
   'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.':
     'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.',
+  'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.':
+    'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
   // ============================================================================
   // Settings Labels
   // ============================================================================
@@ -590,6 +592,12 @@ export default {
   'No conversation found to summarize.': 'No conversation found to summarize.',
   'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}':
     'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}',
+  'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.':
+    'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.',
+  'Saving project summary...': 'Saving project summary...',
+  'Generating project summary...': 'Generating project summary...',
+  'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response':
+    'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Model
@@ -604,9 +612,10 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Clear
   // ============================================================================
-  'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.':
-    'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.',
-  'Clearing terminal.': 'Clearing terminal.',
+  'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.':
+    'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.',
+  'Starting a new session and clearing.':
+    'Starting a new session and clearing.',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Compress
@@ -927,192 +936,137 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   'Waiting for user confirmation...': 'Waiting for user confirmation...',
   '(esc to cancel, {{time}})': '(esc to cancel, {{time}})',
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky": "I'm Feeling Lucky",
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ': 'Shipping awesomeness... ',
-  'Painting the serifs back on...': 'Painting the serifs back on...',
-  'Navigating the slime mold...': 'Navigating the slime mold...',
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...': 'Consulting the digital spirits...',
-  'Reticulating splines...': 'Reticulating splines...',
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...': 'Warming up the AI hamsters...',
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...': 'Asking the magic conch shell...',
-  'Generating witty retort...': 'Generating witty retort...',
-  'Polishing the algorithms...': 'Polishing the algorithms...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...":
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // Loading Phrases
+  // ============================================================================
+  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: [
+    "I'm Feeling Lucky",
+    'Shipping awesomeness... ',
+    'Painting the serifs back on...',
+    'Navigating the slime mold...',
+    'Consulting the digital spirits...',
+    'Reticulating splines...',
+    'Warming up the AI hamsters...',
+    'Asking the magic conch shell...',
+    'Generating witty retort...',
+    'Polishing the algorithms...',
     "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...",
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...': 'Brewing fresh bytes...',
-  'Counting electrons...': 'Counting electrons...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...': 'Engaging cognitive processors...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...':
+    'Brewing fresh bytes...',
+    'Counting electrons...',
+    'Engaging cognitive processors...',
     'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...',
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...': 'One moment, optimizing humor...',
-  'Shuffling punchlines...': 'Shuffling punchlines...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...': 'Untangling neural nets...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...': 'Compiling brilliance...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...': 'Loading wit.exe...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...': 'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...': 'Preparing a witty response...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...":
+    'One moment, optimizing humor...',
+    'Shuffling punchlines...',
+    'Untangling neural nets...',
+    'Compiling brilliance...',
+    'Loading wit.exe...',
+    'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...',
+    'Preparing a witty response...',
     "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...",
-  'Confuzzling the options...': 'Confuzzling the options...',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...': 'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...':
+    'Confuzzling the options...',
+    'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...',
     'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...',
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...': 'Compiling the 1s and 0s...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...':
+    'Compiling the 1s and 0s...',
     'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...':
     'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...': 'Rebooting the humor module...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...':
+    'Rebooting the humor module...',
     'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed': 'Optimizing for ludicrous speed',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...":
+    'Optimizing for ludicrous speed',
     "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...",
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...':
     'Garbage collecting... be right back...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...': 'Assembling the interwebs...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...': 'Converting coffee into code...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...': 'Updating the syntax for reality...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...': 'Rewiring the synapses...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...':
+    'Assembling the interwebs...',
+    'Converting coffee into code...',
+    'Updating the syntax for reality...',
+    'Rewiring the synapses...',
     'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...": "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...",
-  'Pre-heating the servers...': 'Pre-heating the servers...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...': 'Calibrating the flux capacitor...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...': 'Engaging the improbability drive...',
-  'Channeling the Force...': 'Channeling the Force...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...':
+    "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...",
+    'Pre-heating the servers...',
+    'Calibrating the flux capacitor...',
+    'Engaging the improbability drive...',
+    'Channeling the Force...',
     'Aligning the stars for optimal response...',
-  'So say we all...': 'So say we all...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...': 'Loading the next great idea...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...": "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...",
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...':
+    'So say we all...',
+    'Loading the next great idea...',
+    "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...",
     'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...":
     "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...",
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...":
     "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...",
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...":
     "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...":
     "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...",
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...":
     "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...":
     "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...",
-  'Warp speed engaged...': 'Warp speed engaged...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...':
+    'Warp speed engaged...',
     'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...',
-  "Don't panic...": "Don't panic...",
-  'Following the white rabbit...': 'Following the white rabbit...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...':
+    "Don't panic...",
+    'Following the white rabbit...',
     'The truth is in here... somewhere...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...': 'Blowing on the cartridge...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!': 'Loading... Do a barrel roll!',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...': 'Waiting for the respawn...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...':
+    'Blowing on the cartridge...',
+    'Loading... Do a barrel roll!',
+    'Waiting for the respawn...',
     'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...":
     "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...",
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...':
     'Fiddling with the character creation screen...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...":
     "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...",
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...": "Pressing 'A' to continue...",
-  'Herding digital cats...': 'Herding digital cats...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...': 'Polishing the pixels...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...':
+    "Pressing 'A' to continue...",
+    'Herding digital cats...',
+    'Polishing the pixels...',
     'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...':
     'Distracting you with this witty phrase...',
-  'Almost there... probably...': 'Almost there... probably...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...':
+    'Almost there... probably...',
     'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...': 'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...',
-  'Petting the cat...': 'Petting the cat...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...': 'Rickrolling my boss...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...':
+    'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...',
+    'Petting the cat...',
+    'Rickrolling my boss...',
     'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...',
-  'Slapping the bass...': 'Slapping the bass...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...': 'Tasting the snozberries...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...":
+    'Slapping the bass...',
+    'Tasting the snozberries...',
     "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...",
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...':
     'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...":
     "I've got a good feeling about this...",
-  'Poking the bear...': 'Poking the bear...',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...':
+    'Poking the bear...',
     'Doing research on the latest memes...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...':
     'Figuring out how to make this more witty...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...': 'Hmmm... let me think...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...':
+    'Hmmm... let me think...',
     'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...':
     'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...":
     "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...",
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...':
     'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...':
     'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...":
     "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...",
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...': 'Applying percussive maintenance...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...':
+    'Applying percussive maintenance...',
     'Searching for the correct USB orientation...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...':
     'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...':
-    'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...': 'Trying to exit Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...': 'Spinning up the hamster wheel...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...":
+    'Trying to exit Vim...',
+    'Spinning up the hamster wheel...',
     "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...",
-  'Engage.': 'Engage.',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.": "I'll be back... with an answer.",
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...': 'My other process is a TARDIS...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...':
+    'Engage.',
+    "I'll be back... with an answer.",
+    'My other process is a TARDIS...',
     'Communing with the machine spirit...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...': 'Letting the thoughts marinate...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...':
+    'Letting the thoughts marinate...',
     'Just remembered where I put my keys...',
-  'Pondering the orb...': 'Pondering the orb...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.":
+    'Pondering the orb...',
     "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.",
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...': 'Initiating thoughtful gaze...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.":
+    'Initiating thoughtful gaze...',
     "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.",
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.":
     "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.",
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!': 'Charging the laser... pew pew!',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!': 'Dividing by zero... just kidding!',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.':
+    'Charging the laser... pew pew!',
+    'Dividing by zero... just kidding!',
     'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.',
-  'Making it go beep boop.': 'Making it go beep boop.',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.':
+    'Making it go beep boop.',
     'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...':
     'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.':
     'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)':
     'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.':
     'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...':
     'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.': 'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.':
+    'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.',
     'My other loading screen is even funnier.',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...":
     "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...",
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.':
     'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.":
     "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.",
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)':
     'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...': 'Constructing additional pylons...',
+    'Constructing additional pylons...',
+  ],
 };

packages/cli/src/i18n/locales/ru.js

@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ export default {
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.': 'Тема "{{themeName}}" не найдена.',
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.':
     'Тема "{{themeName}}" не найдена в выбранной области.',
-  'clear the screen and conversation history':
-    'Очистка экрана и истории диалога',
+  'Clear conversation history and free up context':
+    'Очистить историю диалога и освободить контекст',
   'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.':
     'Сжатие контекста заменой на краткую сводку',
   'open full Qwen Code documentation in your browser':
@@ -260,7 +260,8 @@ export default {
   ', Tab to change focus': ', Tab для смены фокуса',
   'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.':
     'Для применения изменений необходимо перезапустить Qwen Code. Нажмите r для выхода и применения изменений.',
-
+  'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.':
+    'Команда "/{{command}}" не поддерживается в неинтерактивном режиме.',
   // ============================================================================
   // Метки настроек
   // ============================================================================
@@ -313,6 +314,7 @@ export default {
   'Tool Output Truncation Lines': 'Лимит строк вывода инструментов',
   'Folder Trust': 'Доверие к папке',
   'Vision Model Preview': 'Визуальная модель (предпросмотр)',
+  'Tool Schema Compliance': 'Соответствие схеме инструмента',
   // Варианты перечислений настроек
   'Auto (detect from system)': 'Авто (определить из системы)',
   Text: 'Текст',
@@ -341,8 +343,8 @@ export default {
     'Установка предпочитаемого внешнего редактора',
   'Manage extensions': 'Управление расширениями',
   'List active extensions': 'Показать активные расширения',
-  'Update extensions. Usage: update |--all':
-    'Обновить расширения. Использование: update |--all',
+  'Update extensions. Usage: update <extension-names>|--all':
+    'Обновить расширения. Использование: update <extension-names>|--all',
   'manage IDE integration': 'Управление интеграцией с IDE',
   'check status of IDE integration': 'Проверить статус интеграции с IDE',
   'install required IDE companion for {{ideName}}':
@@ -400,7 +402,8 @@ export default {
   'Set LLM output language': 'Установка языка вывода LLM',
   'Usage: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US]':
     'Использование: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU]',
-  'Usage: /language output ': 'Использование: /language output ',
+  'Usage: /language output <language>':
+    'Использование: /language output <language>',
   'Example: /language output 中文': 'Пример: /language output 中文',
   'Example: /language output English': 'Пример: /language output English',
   'Example: /language output 日本語': 'Пример: /language output 日本語',
@@ -417,9 +420,8 @@ export default {
   'To request additional UI language packs, please open an issue on GitHub.':
     'Для запроса дополнительных языковых пакетов интерфейса, пожалуйста, создайте обращение на GitHub.',
   'Available options:': 'Доступные варианты:',
-  ' - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese': ' - zh-CN: Упрощенный китайский',
-  ' - en-US: English': ' - en-US: Английский',
-  ' - ru-RU: Russian': ' - ru-RU: Русский',
+  '  - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese': ' - zh-CN: Упрощенный китайский',
+  '  - en-US: English': ' - en-US: Английский',
   'Set UI language to Simplified Chinese (zh-CN)':
     'Установить язык интерфейса на упрощенный китайский (zh-CN)',
   'Set UI language to English (en-US)':
@@ -435,8 +437,8 @@ export default {
     'Режим подтверждения изменен на: {{mode}}',
   'Approval mode changed to: {{mode}} (saved to {{scope}} settings{{location}})':
     'Режим подтверждения изменен на: {{mode}} (сохранено в настройках {{scope}}{{location}})',
-  'Usage: /approval-mode [--session|--user|--project]':
-    'Использование: /approval-mode [--session|--user|--project]',
+  'Usage: /approval-mode <mode> [--session|--user|--project]':
+    'Использование: /approval-mode <mode> [--session|--user|--project]',
   'Scope subcommands do not accept additional arguments.':
     'Подкоманды области не принимают дополнительных аргументов.',
   'Plan mode - Analyze only, do not modify files or execute commands':
@@ -588,8 +590,8 @@ export default {
     'Ошибка при экспорте диалога: {{error}}',
   'Conversation shared to {{filePath}}': 'Диалог экспортирован в {{filePath}}',
   'No conversation found to share.': 'Нет диалога для экспорта.',
-  'Share the current conversation to a markdown or json file. Usage: /chat share <путь-к-файлу>':
-    'Экспортировать текущий диалог в markdown или json файл. Использование: /chat share <путь-к-файлу>',
+  'Share the current conversation to a markdown or json file. Usage: /chat share <file>':
+    'Экспортировать текущий диалог в markdown или json файл. Использование: /chat share <файл>',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Резюме
@@ -604,6 +606,12 @@ export default {
     'Не найдено диалогов для создания сводки.',
   'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}':
     'Не удалось сгенерировать сводку контекста проекта: {{error}}',
+  'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.':
+    'Сводка проекта сохранена в {{filePathForDisplay}}',
+  'Saving project summary...': 'Сохранение сводки проекта...',
+  'Generating project summary...': 'Генерация сводки проекта...',
+  'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response':
+    'Не удалось сгенерировать сводку - не получен текстовый контент из ответа LLM',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Модель
@@ -618,8 +626,9 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Очистка
   // ============================================================================
-  'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.': 'Очистка терминала и сброс чата.',
-  'Clearing terminal.': 'Очистка терминала.',
+  'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.':
+    'Начало новой сессии, сброс чата и очистка терминала.',
+  'Starting a new session and clearing.': 'Начало новой сессии и очистка.',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Команды - Сжатие
@@ -650,8 +659,8 @@ export default {
     'Команда /directory add не поддерживается в ограничительных профилях песочницы. Пожалуйста, используйте --include-directories при запуске сессии.',
   "Error adding '{{path}}': {{error}}":
     "Ошибка при добавлении '{{path}}': {{error}}",
-  'Successfully added GEMINI.md files from the following directories if there are:\n- {{directories}}':
-    'Успешно добавлены файлы GEMINI.md из следующих директорий (если они есть):\n- {{directories}}',
+  'Successfully added QWEN.md files from the following directories if there are:\n- {{directories}}':
+    'Успешно добавлены файлы QWEN.md из следующих директорий (если они есть):\n- {{directories}}',
   'Error refreshing memory: {{error}}':
     'Ошибка при обновлении памяти: {{error}}',
   'Successfully added directories:\n- {{directories}}':
@@ -884,6 +893,7 @@ export default {
   // Экран выхода / Статистика
   // ============================================================================
   'Agent powering down. Goodbye!': 'Агент завершает работу. До свидания!',
+  'To continue this session, run': 'Для продолжения этой сессии, выполните',
   'Interaction Summary': 'Сводка взаимодействия',
   'Session ID:': 'ID сессии:',
   'Tool Calls:': 'Вызовы инструментов:',
@@ -943,179 +953,139 @@ export default {
   'Waiting for user confirmation...':
     'Ожидание подтверждения от пользователя...',
   '(esc to cancel, {{time}})': '(esc для отмены, {{time}})',
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky": 'Мне повезёт!',
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ': 'Доставляем крутизну... ',
-  'Painting the serifs back on...': 'Рисуем засечки на буквах...',
-  'Navigating the slime mold...': 'Пробираемся через слизевиков..',
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...': 'Советуемся с цифровыми духами...',
-  'Reticulating splines...': 'Сглаживание сплайнов...',
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...': 'Разогреваем ИИ-хомячков...',
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...': 'Спрашиваем волшебную ракушку...',
-  'Generating witty retort...': 'Генерируем остроумный ответ...',
-  'Polishing the algorithms...': 'Полируем алгоритмы...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...":
+
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // Loading Phrases
+  // ============================================================================
+  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: [
+    'Мне повезёт!',
+    'Доставляем крутизну... ',
+    'Рисуем засечки на буквах...',
+    'Пробираемся через слизевиков..',
+    'Советуемся с цифровыми духами...',
+    'Сглаживание сплайнов...',
+    'Разогреваем ИИ-хомячков...',
+    'Спрашиваем волшебную ракушку...',
+    'Генерируем остроумный ответ...',
+    'Полируем алгоритмы...',
     'Не торопите совершенство (или мой код)...',
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...': 'Завариваем свежие байты...',
-  'Counting electrons...': 'Пересчитываем электроны...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...': 'Задействуем когнитивные процессоры...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...':
+    'Завариваем свежие байты...',
+    'Пересчитываем электроны...',
+    'Задействуем когнитивные процессоры...',
     'Ищем синтаксические ошибки во вселенной...',
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...': 'Секундочку, оптимизируем юмор...',
-  'Shuffling punchlines...': 'Перетасовываем панчлайны...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...': 'Распутаваем нейросети...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...': 'Компилируем гениальность...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...': 'Загружаем yumor.exe...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...': 'Призываем облако мудрости...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...': 'Готовим остроумный ответ...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...": 'Секунду, идёт отладка реальности...',
-  'Confuzzling the options...': 'Запутываем варианты...',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...': 'Настраиваем космические частоты...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...':
+    'Секундочку, оптимизируем юмор...',
+    'Перетасовываем панчлайны...',
+    'Распутаваем нейросети...',
+    'Компилируем гениальность...',
+    'Загружаем yumor.exe...',
+    'Призываем облако мудрости...',
+    'Готовим остроумный ответ...',
+    'Секунду, идёт отладка реальности...',
+    'Запутываем варианты...',
+    'Настраиваем космические частоты...',
     'Создаем ответ, достойный вашего терпения...',
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...': 'Компилируем единички и нолики...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...':
+    'Компилируем единички и нолики...',
     'Разрешаем зависимости... и экзистенциальные кризисы...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...':
     'Дефрагментация памяти... и оперативной, и личной...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...': 'Перезагрузка модуля юмора...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...':
+    'Перезагрузка модуля юмора...',
     'Кэшируем самое важное (в основном мемы с котиками)...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed': 'Оптимизация для безумной скорости',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...":
+    'Оптимизация для безумной скорости',
     'Меняем биты... только байтам не говорите...',
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...': 'Сборка мусора... скоро вернусь...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...': 'Сборка интернетов...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...': 'Превращаем кофе в код...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...': 'Обновляем синтаксис реальности...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...': 'Переподключаем синапсы...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...': 'Ищем лишнюю точку с запятой...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...": 'Смазываем шестерёнки машины...',
-  'Pre-heating the servers...': 'Разогреваем серверы...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...': 'Калибруем потоковый накопитель...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...': 'Включаем двигатель невероятности...',
-  'Channeling the Force...': 'Направляем Силу...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...':
+    'Сборка мусора... скоро вернусь...',
+    'Сборка интернетов...',
+    'Превращаем кофе в код...',
+    'Обновляем синтаксис реальности...',
+    'Переподключаем синапсы...',
+    'Ищем лишнюю точку с запятой...',
+    'Смазываем шестерёнки машины...',
+    'Разогреваем серверы...',
+    'Калибруем потоковый накопитель...',
+    'Включаем двигатель невероятности...',
+    'Направляем Силу...',
     'Выравниваем звёзды для оптимального ответа...',
-  'So say we all...': 'Так скажем мы все...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...': 'Загрузка следующей великой идеи...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...": 'Минутку, я в потоке...',
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...':
+    'Так скажем мы все...',
+    'Загрузка следующей великой идеи...',
+    'Минутку, я в потоке...',
     'Готовлюсь ослепить вас гениальностью...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...": 'Секунду, полирую остроумие...',
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...": 'Держитесь, создаю шедевр...',
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...":
+    'Секунду, полирую остроумие...',
+    'Держитесь, создаю шедевр...',
     'Мигом, отлаживаю вселенную...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...": 'Момент, выравниваю пиксели...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...": 'Секунду, оптимизирую юмор...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...":
+    'Момент, выравниваю пиксели...',
+    'Секунду, оптимизирую юмор...',
     'Момент, настраиваю алгоритмы...',
-  'Warp speed engaged...': 'Варп-скорость включена...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...': 'Добываем кристаллы дилития...',
-  "Don't panic...": 'Без паники...',
-  'Following the white rabbit...': 'Следуем за белым кроликом...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...': 'Истина где-то здесь... внутри...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...': 'Продуваем картридж...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!': 'Загрузка... Сделай бочку!',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...': 'Ждем респауна...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...':
+    'Варп-прыжок активирован...',
+    'Добываем кристаллы дилития...',
+    'Без паники...',
+    'Следуем за белым кроликом...',
+    'Истина где-то здесь... внутри...',
+    'Продуваем картридж...',
+    'Загрузка... Сделай бочку!',
+    'Ждем респауна...',
     'Делаем Дугу Кесселя менее чем за 12 парсеков...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...":
     'Тортик — не ложь, он просто ещё грузится...',
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...':
     'Возимся с экраном создания персонажа...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...":
     'Минутку, ищу подходящий мем...',
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...": "Нажимаем 'A' для продолжения...",
-  'Herding digital cats...': 'Пасём цифровых котов...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...': 'Полируем пиксели...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...':
+    "Нажимаем 'A' для продолжения...",
+    'Пасём цифровых котов...',
+    'Полируем пиксели...',
     'Ищем подходящий каламбур для экрана загрузки...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...':
     'Отвлекаем вас этой остроумной фразой...',
-  'Almost there... probably...': 'Почти готово... вроде...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...':
+    'Почти готово... вроде...',
     'Наши хомячки работают изо всех сил...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...': 'Гладим Облачко по голове...',
-  'Petting the cat...': 'Гладим кота...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...': 'Рикроллим начальника...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...':
+    'Гладим Облачко по голове...',
+    'Гладим кота...',
+    'Рикроллим начальника...',
     'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...',
-  'Slapping the bass...': 'Лабаем бас-гитару...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...': 'Пробуем снузберри на вкус...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...":
+    'Лабаем бас-гитару...',
+    'Пробуем снузберри на вкус...',
     'Иду до конца, иду на скорость...',
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...':
     'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...": 'У меня хорошее предчувствие...',
-  'Poking the bear...': 'Дразним медведя... (Не лезь...)',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...': 'Изучаем свежие мемы...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...':
+    'У меня хорошее предчувствие...',
+    'Дразним медведя... (Не лезь...)',
+    'Изучаем свежие мемы...',
     'Думаем, как сделать это остроумнее...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...': 'Хмм... дайте подумать...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...':
+    'Хмм... дайте подумать...',
     'Как называется бумеранг, который не возвращается? Палка...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...':
     'Почему компьютер простудился? Потому что оставил окна открытыми...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...":
     'Почему программисты не любят гулять на улице? Там среда не настроена...',
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...':
     'Почему программисты предпочитают тёмную тему? Потому что в темноте не видно багов...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...':
     'Почему разработчик разорился? Потому что потратил весь свой кэш...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...":
     'Что можно делать со сломанным карандашом? Ничего — он тупой...',
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...': 'Провожу настройку методом тыка...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...':
+    'Провожу настройку методом тыка...',
     'Ищем, какой стороной вставлять флешку...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...':
     'Следим, чтобы волшебный дым не вышел из проводов...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...':
-    'Переписываем всё на Rust без особой причины...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...': 'Пытаемся выйти из Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...': 'Раскручиваем колесо для хомяка...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...": 'Это не баг, а фича...',
-  'Engage.': 'Поехали!',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.": 'Я вернусь... с ответом.',
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...': 'Мой другой процесс — это ТАРДИС...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...': 'Общаемся с духом машины...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...': 'Даем мыслям замариноваться...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...':
+    'Пытаемся выйти из Vim...',
+    'Раскручиваем колесо для хомяка...',
+    'Это не баг, а фича...',
+    'Поехали!',
+    'Я вернусь... с ответом.',
+    'Мой другой процесс — это ТАРДИС...',
+    'Общаемся с духом машины...',
+    'Даем мыслям замариноваться...',
     'Только что вспомнил, куда положил ключи...',
-  'Pondering the orb...': 'Размышляю над сферой...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.":
-    'Я видел такое, во что вы, люди, просто не поверите... например, пользователя, читающего сообщения загрузки.',
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...': 'Инициируем задумчивый взгляд...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.":
+    'Размышляю над сферой...',
+    'Я видел такое, что вам, людям, и не снилось... пользователя, читающего эти сообщения.',
+    'Инициируем задумчивый взгляд...',
     'Что сервер заказывает в баре? Пинг-коладу.',
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.":
     'Почему Java-разработчики не убираются дома? Они ждут сборщик мусора...',
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!': 'Заряжаем лазер... пиу-пиу!',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!': 'Делим на ноль... шучу!',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.':
+    'Заряжаем лазер... пиу-пиу!',
+    'Делим на ноль... шучу!',
     'Ищу взрослых для присмот... в смысле, обрабатываю.',
-  'Making it go beep boop.': 'Делаем бип-буп.',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.':
-    'Буферизация... даже ИИ нужно мгновение.',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...':
+    'Делаем бип-буп.',
+    'Буферизация... даже ИИ нужно время подумать.',
     'Запутываем квантовые частицы для быстрого ответа...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.':
     'Полируем хром... на алгоритмах.',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)':
     'Вы ещё не развлеклись?! Разве вы не за этим сюда пришли?!',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.':
     'Призываем гремлинов кода... для помощи, конечно же.',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...':
     'Ждем, пока закончится звук dial-up модема...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.': 'Перекалибровка юморометра.',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.':
+    'Перекалибровка юморометра.',
     'Мой другой экран загрузки ещё смешнее.',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...":
     'Кажется, где-то по клавиатуре гуляет кот...',
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.':
     'Улучшаем... Ещё улучшаем... Всё ещё грузится.',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.":
     'Это не баг, это фича... экрана загрузки.',
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)':
     'Пробовали выключить и включить снова? (Экран загрузки, не меня!)',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...': 'Нужно построить больше пилонов...',
+    'Нужно построить больше пилонов...',
+  ],
 };

packages/cli/src/i18n/locales/zh.js

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export default {
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found.': '未找到主题 "{{themeName}}"。',
   'Theme "{{themeName}}" not found in selected scope.':
     '在所选作用域中未找到主题 "{{themeName}}"。',
-  'clear the screen and conversation history': '清屏并清除对话历史',
+  'Clear conversation history and free up context': '清除对话历史并释放上下文',
   'Compresses the context by replacing it with a summary.':
     '通过用摘要替换来压缩上下文',
   'open full Qwen Code documentation in your browser':
@@ -249,6 +249,8 @@ export default {
   ', Tab to change focus': '，Tab 切换焦点',
   'To see changes, Qwen Code must be restarted. Press r to exit and apply changes now.':
     '要查看更改，必须重启 Qwen Code。按 r 退出并立即应用更改。',
+  'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.':
+    '不支持在非交互模式下使用命令 "/{{command}}"。',
   // ============================================================================
   // Settings Labels
   // ============================================================================
@@ -560,6 +562,12 @@ export default {
   'No conversation found to summarize.': '未找到要总结的对话',
   'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}':
     '生成项目上下文摘要失败：{{error}}',
+  'Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.':
+    '项目摘要已保存到 {{filePathForDisplay}}',
+  'Saving project summary...': '正在保存项目摘要...',
+  'Generating project summary...': '正在生成项目摘要...',
+  'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response':
+    '生成摘要失败 - 未从 LLM 响应中接收到文本内容',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Model
@@ -573,8 +581,9 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Clear
   // ============================================================================
-  'Clearing terminal and resetting chat.': '正在清屏并重置聊天',
-  'Clearing terminal.': '正在清屏',
+  'Starting a new session, resetting chat, and clearing terminal.':
+    '正在开始新会话，重置聊天并清屏。',
+  'Starting a new session and clearing.': '正在开始新会话并清屏。',
 
   // ============================================================================
   // Commands - Compress
@@ -880,165 +889,39 @@ export default {
   // ============================================================================
   'Waiting for user confirmation...': '等待用户确认...',
   '(esc to cancel, {{time}})': '（按 esc 取消，{{time}}）',
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky": '我感觉很幸运',
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ': '正在运送精彩内容... ',
-  'Painting the serifs back on...': '正在重新绘制衬线...',
-  'Navigating the slime mold...': '正在导航粘液霉菌...',
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...': '正在咨询数字精灵...',
-  'Reticulating splines...': '正在网格化样条曲线...',
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...': '正在预热 AI 仓鼠...',
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...': '正在询问魔法海螺壳...',
-  'Generating witty retort...': '正在生成机智的反驳...',
-  'Polishing the algorithms...': '正在打磨算法...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...": '不要急于追求完美（或我的代码）...',
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...': '正在酿造新鲜字节...',
-  'Counting electrons...': '正在计算电子...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...': '正在启动认知处理器...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...':
-    '正在检查宇宙中的语法错误...',
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...': '稍等片刻，正在优化幽默感...',
-  'Shuffling punchlines...': '正在洗牌笑点...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...': '正在解开神经网络...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...': '正在编译智慧...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...': '正在加载 wit.exe...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...': '正在召唤智慧云...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...': '正在准备机智的回复...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...": '稍等片刻，我正在调试现实...',
-  'Confuzzling the options...': '正在混淆选项...',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...': '正在调谐宇宙频率...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...':
-    '正在制作值得您耐心等待的回复...',
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...': '正在编译 1 和 0...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...':
-    '正在解决依赖关系...和存在主义危机...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...':
-    '正在整理记忆碎片...包括 RAM 和个人记忆...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...': '正在重启幽默模块...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...':
-    '正在缓存必需品（主要是猫咪表情包）...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed': '正在优化到荒谬的速度',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...": '正在交换位...不要告诉字节...',
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...': '正在垃圾回收...马上回来...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...': '正在组装互联网...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...': '正在将咖啡转换为代码...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...': '正在更新现实的语法...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...': '正在重新连接突触...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...': '正在寻找放错位置的分号...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...": '正在给机器的齿轮上油...',
-  'Pre-heating the servers...': '正在预热服务器...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...': '正在校准通量电容器...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...': '正在启动不可能性驱动器...',
-  'Channeling the Force...': '正在引导原力...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...': '正在对齐星星以获得最佳回复...',
-  'So say we all...': '我们都说...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...': '正在加载下一个伟大的想法...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...": '稍等片刻，我正进入状态...',
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...': '正在准备用智慧让您眼花缭乱...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...": '稍等片刻，我正在打磨我的智慧...',
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...": '请稍等，我正在制作杰作...',
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...": '稍等片刻，我正在调试宇宙...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...": '稍等片刻，我正在对齐像素...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...": '稍等片刻，我正在优化幽默感...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...": '稍等片刻，我正在调整算法...',
-  'Warp speed engaged...': '曲速已启动...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...': '正在挖掘更多二锂晶体...',
-  "Don't panic...": '不要惊慌...',
-  'Following the white rabbit...': '正在跟随白兔...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...': '真相在这里...某个地方...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...': '正在吹卡带...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!': '正在加载...做个桶滚！',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...': '等待重生...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...':
-    '正在以不到 12 秒差距完成凯塞尔航线...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...":
-    '蛋糕不是谎言，只是还在加载...',
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...': '正在摆弄角色创建界面...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...":
-    '稍等片刻，我正在寻找合适的表情包...',
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...": "按 'A' 继续...",
-  'Herding digital cats...': '正在放牧数字猫...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...': '正在打磨像素...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...': '正在寻找合适的加载屏幕双关语...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...':
-    '正在用这个机智的短语分散您的注意力...',
-  'Almost there... probably...': '快到了...可能...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...':
-    '我们的仓鼠正在尽可能快地工作...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...': '正在拍拍 Cloudy 的头...',
-  'Petting the cat...': '正在抚摸猫咪...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...': '正在 Rickroll 我的老板...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...':
-    '永远不会放弃你，永远不会让你失望...',
-  'Slapping the bass...': '正在拍打低音...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...': '正在品尝 snozberries...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...":
-    '我要走得更远，我要追求速度...',
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...':
-    '这是真实的生活吗？还是只是幻想？...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...": '我对这个感觉很好...',
-  'Poking the bear...': '正在戳熊...',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...': '正在研究最新的表情包...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...': '正在想办法让这更有趣...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...': '嗯...让我想想...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...':
-    '没有眼睛的鱼叫什么？一条鱼...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...':
-    '为什么电脑去看心理医生？因为它有太多字节...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...":
-    '为什么程序员不喜欢大自然？因为虫子太多了...',
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...':
-    '为什么程序员喜欢暗色模式？因为光会吸引虫子...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...':
-    '为什么开发者破产了？因为他们用完了所有缓存...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...":
-    '你能用断了的铅笔做什么？什么都不能，因为它没有笔尖...',
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...': '正在应用敲击维护...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...': '正在寻找正确的 USB 方向...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...':
-    '确保魔法烟雾留在电线内...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...':
-    '正在用 Rust 重写，没有特别的原因...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...': '正在尝试退出 Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...': '正在启动仓鼠轮...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...":
-    '这不是一个错误，这是一个未记录的功能...',
-  'Engage.': '启动。',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.": '我会回来的...带着答案。',
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...': '我的另一个进程是 TARDIS...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...': '正在与机器精神交流...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...': '让想法慢慢酝酿...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...': '刚刚想起我把钥匙放在哪里了...',
-  'Pondering the orb...': '正在思考球体...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.":
-    '我见过你们不会相信的事情...比如一个阅读加载消息的用户。',
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...': '正在启动深思凝视...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.":
-    '电脑最喜欢的零食是什么？微芯片。',
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.":
-    '为什么 Java 开发者戴眼镜？因为他们不会 C#。',
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!': '正在给激光充电...砰砰！',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!': '除以零...只是开玩笑！',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.':
-    '正在寻找成人监督...我是说，处理中。',
-  'Making it go beep boop.': '让它发出哔哔声。',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.':
-    '正在缓冲...因为即使是 AI 也需要片刻。',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...':
-    '正在纠缠量子粒子以获得更快的回复...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.': '正在打磨铬...在算法上。',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)': '你不觉得有趣吗？（正在努力！）',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.':
-    '正在召唤代码小精灵...当然是来帮忙的。',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...': '只是等待拨号音结束...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.': '正在重新校准幽默计。',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.': '我的另一个加载屏幕更有趣。',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...":
-    '很确定有只猫在某个地方键盘上走...',
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.':
-    '正在增强...正在增强...仍在加载。',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.":
-    '这不是一个错误，这是一个功能...这个加载屏幕的功能。',
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)':
-    '你试过把它关掉再打开吗？（加载屏幕，不是我。）',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...': '正在建造额外的能量塔...',
+  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: [
+    // --- 职场搬砖系列 ---
+    '正在努力搬砖，请稍候...',
+    '老板在身后，快加载啊！',
+    '头发掉光前，一定能加载完...',
+    '服务器正在深呼吸，准备放大招...',
+    '正在向服务器投喂咖啡...',
+
+    // --- 大厂黑话系列 ---
+    '正在赋能全链路，寻找关键抓手...',
+    '正在降本增效，优化加载路径...',
+    '正在打破部门壁垒，沉淀方法论...',
+    '正在拥抱变化，迭代核心价值...',
+    '正在对齐颗粒度，打磨底层逻辑...',
+    '大力出奇迹，正在强行加载...',
+
+    // --- 程序员自嘲系列 ---
+    '只要我不写代码，代码就没有 Bug...',
+    '正在把 Bug 转化为 Feature...',
+    '只要我不尴尬，Bug 就追不上我...',
+    '正在试图理解去年的自己写了什么...',
+    '正在猿力觉醒中，请耐心等待...',
+
+    // --- 合作愉快系列 ---
+    '正在询问产品经理：这需求是真的吗？',
+    '正在给产品经理画饼，请稍等...',
+
+    // --- 温暖治愈系列 ---
+    '每一行代码，都在努力让世界变得更好一点点...',
+    '每一个伟大的想法，都值得这份耐心的等待...',
+    '别急，美好的事物总是需要一点时间去酝酿...',
+    '愿你的代码永无 Bug，愿你的梦想终将成真...',
+    '哪怕只有 0.1% 的进度，也是在向目标靠近...',
+    '加载的是字节，承载的是对技术的热爱...',
+  ],
 };

packages/cli/src/nonInteractive/control/controllers/systemController.ts

@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@ import type {
   CLIControlSetModelRequest,
   CLIMcpServerConfig,
 } from '../../types.js';
-import { CommandService } from '../../../services/CommandService.js';
-import { BuiltinCommandLoader } from '../../../services/BuiltinCommandLoader.js';
+import { getAvailableCommands } from '../../../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
 import {
   MCPServerConfig,
   AuthProviderType,
@@ -407,7 +406,7 @@ export class SystemController extends BaseController {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Load slash command names using CommandService
+   * Load slash command names using getAvailableCommands
    *
    * @param signal - AbortSignal to respect for cancellation
    * @returns Promise resolving to array of slash command names
@@ -418,21 +417,14 @@ export class SystemController extends BaseController {
     }
 
     try {
-      const service = await CommandService.create(
-        [new BuiltinCommandLoader(this.context.config)],
-        signal,
-      );
+      const commands = await getAvailableCommands(this.context.config, signal);
 
       if (signal.aborted) {
         return [];
       }
 
-      const names = new Set<string>();
-      const commands = service.getCommands();
-      for (const command of commands) {
-        names.add(command.name);
-      }
-      return Array.from(names).sort();
+      // Extract command names and sort
+      return commands.map((cmd) => cmd.name).sort();
     } catch (error) {
       // Check if the error is due to abort
       if (signal.aborted) {

packages/cli/src/nonInteractive/io/BaseJsonOutputAdapter.test.ts

@@ -630,6 +630,67 @@ describe('BaseJsonOutputAdapter', () => {
 
       expect(state.blocks).toHaveLength(0);
     });
+
+    it('should preserve whitespace in thinking content', () => {
+      const state = adapter.exposeCreateMessageState();
+      adapter.startAssistantMessage();
+
+      adapter.exposeAppendThinking(
+        state,
+        '',
+        'The user just said "Hello"',
+        null,
+      );
+
+      expect(state.blocks).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(state.blocks[0]).toMatchObject({
+        type: 'thinking',
+        thinking: 'The user just said "Hello"',
+      });
+      // Verify spaces are preserved
+      const block = state.blocks[0] as { thinking: string };
+      expect(block.thinking).toContain('user just');
+      expect(block.thinking).not.toContain('userjust');
+    });
+
+    it('should preserve whitespace when appending multiple thinking fragments', () => {
+      const state = adapter.exposeCreateMessageState();
+      adapter.startAssistantMessage();
+
+      // Simulate streaming thinking content in fragments
+      adapter.exposeAppendThinking(state, '', 'The user just', null);
+      adapter.exposeAppendThinking(state, '', ' said "Hello"', null);
+      adapter.exposeAppendThinking(
+        state,
+        '',
+        '. This is a simple greeting',
+        null,
+      );
+
+      expect(state.blocks).toHaveLength(1);
+      const block = state.blocks[0] as { thinking: string };
+      // Verify the complete text with all spaces preserved
+      expect(block.thinking).toBe(
+        'The user just said "Hello". This is a simple greeting',
+      );
+      // Verify specific space preservation
+      expect(block.thinking).toContain('user just ');
+      expect(block.thinking).toContain(' said');
+      expect(block.thinking).toContain('". This');
+      expect(block.thinking).not.toContain('userjust');
+      expect(block.thinking).not.toContain('justsaid');
+    });
+
+    it('should preserve leading and trailing whitespace in description', () => {
+      const state = adapter.exposeCreateMessageState();
+      adapter.startAssistantMessage();
+
+      adapter.exposeAppendThinking(state, '', '  content with spaces  ', null);
+
+      expect(state.blocks).toHaveLength(1);
+      const block = state.blocks[0] as { thinking: string };
+      expect(block.thinking).toBe('  content with spaces  ');
+    });
   });
 
   describe('appendToolUse', () => {

packages/cli/src/nonInteractive/io/BaseJsonOutputAdapter.ts

@@ -610,8 +610,6 @@ export abstract class BaseJsonOutputAdapter {
         const errorText = parseAndFormatApiError(
           event.value.error,
           this.config.getContentGeneratorConfig()?.authType,
-          undefined,
-          this.config.getModel(),
         );
         this.appendText(state, errorText, null);
         break;
@@ -818,9 +816,18 @@ export abstract class BaseJsonOutputAdapter {
     parentToolUseId?: string | null,
   ): void {
     const actualParentToolUseId = parentToolUseId ?? null;
-    const fragment = [subject?.trim(), description?.trim()]
-      .filter((value) => value && value.length > 0)
-      .join(': ');
+
+    // Build fragment without trimming to preserve whitespace in streaming content
+    // Only filter out null/undefined/empty values
+    const parts: string[] = [];
+    if (subject && subject.length > 0) {
+      parts.push(subject);
+    }
+    if (description && description.length > 0) {
+      parts.push(description);
+    }
+
+    const fragment = parts.join(': ');
     if (!fragment) {
       return;
     }

packages/cli/src/nonInteractive/io/StreamJsonOutputAdapter.test.ts

@@ -323,6 +323,68 @@ describe('StreamJsonOutputAdapter', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should preserve whitespace in thinking content (issue #1356)', () => {
+      adapter.processEvent({
+        type: GeminiEventType.Thought,
+        value: {
+          subject: '',
+          description: 'The user just said "Hello"',
+        },
+      });
+
+      const message = adapter.finalizeAssistantMessage();
+      expect(message.message.content).toHaveLength(1);
+      const block = message.message.content[0] as {
+        type: string;
+        thinking: string;
+      };
+      expect(block.type).toBe('thinking');
+      expect(block.thinking).toBe('The user just said "Hello"');
+      // Verify spaces are preserved
+      expect(block.thinking).toContain('user just');
+      expect(block.thinking).not.toContain('userjust');
+    });
+
+    it('should preserve whitespace when streaming multiple thinking fragments (issue #1356)', () => {
+      // Simulate streaming thinking content in multiple events
+      adapter.processEvent({
+        type: GeminiEventType.Thought,
+        value: {
+          subject: '',
+          description: 'The user just',
+        },
+      });
+      adapter.processEvent({
+        type: GeminiEventType.Thought,
+        value: {
+          subject: '',
+          description: ' said "Hello"',
+        },
+      });
+      adapter.processEvent({
+        type: GeminiEventType.Thought,
+        value: {
+          subject: '',
+          description: '. This is a simple greeting',
+        },
+      });
+
+      const message = adapter.finalizeAssistantMessage();
+      expect(message.message.content).toHaveLength(1);
+      const block = message.message.content[0] as {
+        type: string;
+        thinking: string;
+      };
+      expect(block.thinking).toBe(
+        'The user just said "Hello". This is a simple greeting',
+      );
+      // Verify specific spaces are preserved
+      expect(block.thinking).toContain('user just ');
+      expect(block.thinking).toContain(' said');
+      expect(block.thinking).not.toContain('userjust');
+      expect(block.thinking).not.toContain('justsaid');
+    });
+
     it('should append tool use from ToolCallRequest events', () => {
       adapter.processEvent({
         type: GeminiEventType.ToolCallRequest,

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.test.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
   let mockShutdownTelemetry: Mock;
   let consoleErrorSpy: MockInstance;
   let processStdoutSpy: MockInstance;
+  let processStderrSpy: MockInstance;
   let mockGeminiClient: {
     sendMessageStream: Mock;
     getChatRecordingService: Mock;
@@ -86,6 +87,9 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     processStdoutSpy = vi
       .spyOn(process.stdout, 'write')
       .mockImplementation(() => true);
+    processStderrSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(process.stderr, 'write')
+      .mockImplementation(() => true);
     vi.spyOn(process, 'exit').mockImplementation((code) => {
       throw new Error(`process.exit(${code}) called`);
     });
@@ -139,6 +143,8 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
       setModel: vi.fn(async (model: string) => {
         currentModel = model;
       }),
+      getExperimentalZedIntegration: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      isInteractive: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
     } as unknown as Config;
 
     mockSettings = {
@@ -292,7 +298,9 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
       mockConfig,
       expect.objectContaining({ name: 'testTool' }),
       expect.any(AbortSignal),
-      undefined,
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        outputUpdateHandler: expect.any(Function),
+      }),
     );
     // Verify first call has isContinuation: false
     expect(mockGeminiClient.sendMessageStream).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(
@@ -765,6 +773,52 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should handle API errors in text mode and exit with error code', async () => {
+    (mockConfig.getOutputFormat as Mock).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.TEXT);
+    setupMetricsMock();
+
+    // Simulate an API error event (like 401 unauthorized)
+    const apiErrorEvent: ServerGeminiStreamEvent = {
+      type: GeminiEventType.Error,
+      value: {
+        error: {
+          message: '401 Incorrect API key provided',
+          status: 401,
+        },
+      },
+    };
+
+    mockGeminiClient.sendMessageStream.mockReturnValue(
+      createStreamFromEvents([apiErrorEvent]),
+    );
+
+    let thrownError: Error | null = null;
+    try {
+      await runNonInteractive(
+        mockConfig,
+        mockSettings,
+        'Test input',
+        'prompt-id-api-error',
+      );
+      // Should not reach here
+      expect.fail('Expected error to be thrown');
+    } catch (error) {
+      thrownError = error as Error;
+    }
+
+    // Should throw with the API error message
+    expect(thrownError).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(thrownError?.message).toContain('401');
+    expect(thrownError?.message).toContain('Incorrect API key provided');
+
+    // Verify error was written to stderr
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    const stderrCalls = processStderrSpy.mock.calls;
+    const errorOutput = stderrCalls.map((call) => call[0]).join('');
+    expect(errorOutput).toContain('401');
+    expect(errorOutput).toContain('Incorrect API key provided');
+  });
+
   it('should handle FatalInputError with custom exit code in JSON format', async () => {
     (mockConfig.getOutputFormat as Mock).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.JSON);
     setupMetricsMock();
@@ -852,7 +906,7 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     expect(processStdoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Response from command');
   });
 
-  it('should throw FatalInputError if a command requires confirmation', async () => {
+  it('should handle command that requires confirmation by returning early', async () => {
     const mockCommand = {
       name: 'confirm',
       description: 'a command that needs confirmation',
@@ -864,15 +918,16 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     };
     mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
 
-    await expect(
-      runNonInteractive(
-        mockConfig,
-        mockSettings,
-        '/confirm',
-        'prompt-id-confirm',
-      ),
-    ).rejects.toThrow(
-      'Exiting due to a confirmation prompt requested by the command.',
+    await runNonInteractive(
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      '/confirm',
+      'prompt-id-confirm',
+    );
+
+    // Should write error message to stderr
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'Shell command confirmation is not supported in non-interactive mode. Use YOLO mode or pre-approve commands.\n',
     );
   });
 
@@ -909,7 +964,30 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     expect(processStdoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Response to unknown');
   });
 
-  it('should throw for unhandled command result types', async () => {
+  it('should handle known but unsupported slash commands like /help by returning early', async () => {
+    // Mock a built-in command that exists but is not in the allowed list
+    const mockHelpCommand = {
+      name: 'help',
+      description: 'Show help',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockHelpCommand]);
+
+    await runNonInteractive(
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      '/help',
+      'prompt-id-help',
+    );
+
+    // Should write error message to stderr
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'The command "/help" is not supported in non-interactive mode.\n',
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should handle unhandled command result types by returning early with error', async () => {
     const mockCommand = {
       name: 'noaction',
       description: 'unhandled type',
@@ -920,15 +998,16 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
     };
     mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
 
-    await expect(
-      runNonInteractive(
-        mockConfig,
-        mockSettings,
-        '/noaction',
-        'prompt-id-unhandled',
-      ),
-    ).rejects.toThrow(
-      'Exiting due to command result that is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+    await runNonInteractive(
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      '/noaction',
+      'prompt-id-unhandled',
+    );
+
+    // Should write error message to stderr
+    expect(processStderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'Unknown command result type: unhandled\n',
     );
   });
 
@@ -1746,4 +1825,84 @@ describe('runNonInteractive', () => {
       { isContinuation: false },
     );
   });
+
+  it('should print tool output to console in text mode (non-Task tools)', async () => {
+    // Test that tool output is printed to stdout in text mode
+    const toolCallEvent: ServerGeminiStreamEvent = {
+      type: GeminiEventType.ToolCallRequest,
+      value: {
+        callId: 'tool-1',
+        name: 'run_in_terminal',
+        args: { command: 'npm outdated' },
+        isClientInitiated: false,
+        prompt_id: 'prompt-id-tool-output',
+      },
+    };
+
+    // Mock tool execution with outputUpdateHandler being called
+    mockCoreExecuteToolCall.mockImplementation(
+      async (_config, _request, _signal, options) => {
+        // Simulate tool calling outputUpdateHandler with output chunks
+        if (options?.outputUpdateHandler) {
+          options.outputUpdateHandler('tool-1', 'Package outdated\n');
+          options.outputUpdateHandler('tool-1', 'npm@1.0.0 -> npm@2.0.0\n');
+        }
+        return {
+          responseParts: [
+            {
+              functionResponse: {
+                id: 'tool-1',
+                name: 'run_in_terminal',
+                response: {
+                  output: 'Package outdated\nnpm@1.0.0 -> npm@2.0.0',
+                },
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        };
+      },
+    );
+
+    const firstCallEvents: ServerGeminiStreamEvent[] = [
+      toolCallEvent,
+      {
+        type: GeminiEventType.Finished,
+        value: { reason: undefined, usageMetadata: { totalTokenCount: 5 } },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const secondCallEvents: ServerGeminiStreamEvent[] = [
+      { type: GeminiEventType.Content, value: 'Dependencies checked' },
+      {
+        type: GeminiEventType.Finished,
+        value: { reason: undefined, usageMetadata: { totalTokenCount: 3 } },
+      },
+    ];
+
+    mockGeminiClient.sendMessageStream
+      .mockReturnValueOnce(createStreamFromEvents(firstCallEvents))
+      .mockReturnValueOnce(createStreamFromEvents(secondCallEvents));
+
+    await runNonInteractive(
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      'Check dependencies',
+      'prompt-id-tool-output',
+    );
+
+    // Verify that executeToolCall was called with outputUpdateHandler
+    expect(mockCoreExecuteToolCall).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      mockConfig,
+      expect.objectContaining({ name: 'run_in_terminal' }),
+      expect.any(AbortSignal),
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        outputUpdateHandler: expect.any(Function),
+      }),
+    );
+
+    // Verify tool output was written to stdout
+    expect(processStdoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Package outdated\n');
+    expect(processStdoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('npm@1.0.0 -> npm@2.0.0\n');
+    expect(processStdoutSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Dependencies checked');
+  });
 });

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,11 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
-import type { Config, ToolCallRequestInfo } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
+import type {
+  Config,
+  ToolCallRequestInfo,
+  ToolResultDisplay,
+} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 import { isSlashCommand } from './ui/utils/commandUtils.js';
 import type { LoadedSettings } from './config/settings.js';
 import {
@@ -42,6 +46,55 @@ import {
   computeUsageFromMetrics,
 } from './utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.js';
 
+/**
+ * Emits a final message for slash command results.
+ * Note: systemMessage should already be emitted before calling this function.
+ */
+async function emitNonInteractiveFinalMessage(params: {
+  message: string;
+  isError: boolean;
+  adapter?: JsonOutputAdapterInterface;
+  config: Config;
+  startTimeMs: number;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const { message, isError, adapter, config } = params;
+
+  if (!adapter) {
+    // Text output mode: write directly to stdout/stderr
+    const target = isError ? process.stderr : process.stdout;
+    target.write(`${message}\n`);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // JSON output mode: emit assistant message and result
+  // (systemMessage should already be emitted by caller)
+  adapter.startAssistantMessage();
+  adapter.processEvent({
+    type: GeminiEventType.Content,
+    value: message,
+  } as unknown as Parameters<JsonOutputAdapterInterface['processEvent']>[0]);
+  adapter.finalizeAssistantMessage();
+
+  const metrics = uiTelemetryService.getMetrics();
+  const usage = computeUsageFromMetrics(metrics);
+  const outputFormat = config.getOutputFormat();
+  const stats =
+    outputFormat === OutputFormat.JSON
+      ? uiTelemetryService.getMetrics()
+      : undefined;
+
+  adapter.emitResult({
+    isError,
+    durationMs: Date.now() - params.startTimeMs,
+    apiDurationMs: 0,
+    numTurns: 0,
+    errorMessage: isError ? message : undefined,
+    usage,
+    stats,
+    summary: message,
+  });
+}
+
 /**
  * Provides optional overrides for `runNonInteractive` execution.
  *
@@ -115,6 +168,16 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
       process.on('SIGINT', shutdownHandler);
       process.on('SIGTERM', shutdownHandler);
 
+      // Emit systemMessage first (always the first message in JSON mode)
+      if (adapter) {
+        const systemMessage = await buildSystemMessage(
+          config,
+          sessionId,
+          permissionMode,
+        );
+        adapter.emitMessage(systemMessage);
+      }
+
       let initialPartList: PartListUnion | null = extractPartsFromUserMessage(
         options.userMessage,
       );
@@ -128,10 +191,45 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
             config,
             settings,
           );
-          if (slashCommandResult) {
-            // A slash command can replace the prompt entirely; fall back to @-command processing otherwise.
-            initialPartList = slashCommandResult as PartListUnion;
-            slashHandled = true;
+          switch (slashCommandResult.type) {
+            case 'submit_prompt':
+              // A slash command can replace the prompt entirely; fall back to @-command processing otherwise.
+              initialPartList = slashCommandResult.content;
+              slashHandled = true;
+              break;
+            case 'message': {
+              // systemMessage already emitted above
+              await emitNonInteractiveFinalMessage({
+                message: slashCommandResult.content,
+                isError: slashCommandResult.messageType === 'error',
+                adapter,
+                config,
+                startTimeMs: startTime,
+              });
+              return;
+            }
+            case 'stream_messages':
+              throw new FatalInputError(
+                'Stream messages mode is not supported in non-interactive CLI',
+              );
+            case 'unsupported': {
+              await emitNonInteractiveFinalMessage({
+                message: slashCommandResult.reason,
+                isError: true,
+                adapter,
+                config,
+                startTimeMs: startTime,
+              });
+              return;
+            }
+            case 'no_command':
+              break;
+            default: {
+              const _exhaustive: never = slashCommandResult;
+              throw new FatalInputError(
+                `Unhandled slash command result type: ${(_exhaustive as { type: string }).type}`,
+              );
+            }
           }
         }
 
@@ -163,15 +261,6 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
       const initialParts = normalizePartList(initialPartList);
       let currentMessages: Content[] = [{ role: 'user', parts: initialParts }];
 
-      if (adapter) {
-        const systemMessage = await buildSystemMessage(
-          config,
-          sessionId,
-          permissionMode,
-        );
-        adapter.emitMessage(systemMessage);
-      }
-
       let isFirstTurn = true;
       while (true) {
         turnCount++;
@@ -221,10 +310,10 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
               const errorText = parseAndFormatApiError(
                 event.value.error,
                 config.getContentGeneratorConfig()?.authType,
-                undefined,
-                config.getModel(),
               );
               process.stderr.write(`${errorText}\n`);
+              // Throw error to exit with non-zero code
+              throw new Error(errorText);
             }
           }
         }
@@ -250,7 +339,7 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
                 ? options.controlService.permission.getToolCallUpdateCallback()
                 : undefined;
 
-            // Only pass outputUpdateHandler for Task tool
+            // Create output handler for Task tool (for subagent execution)
             const isTaskTool = finalRequestInfo.name === 'task';
             const taskToolProgress = isTaskTool
               ? createTaskToolProgressHandler(
@@ -260,20 +349,41 @@ export async function runNonInteractive(
                 )
               : undefined;
             const taskToolProgressHandler = taskToolProgress?.handler;
+
+            // Create output handler for non-Task tools in text mode (for console output)
+            const nonTaskOutputHandler =
+              !isTaskTool && !adapter
+                ? (callId: string, outputChunk: ToolResultDisplay) => {
+                    // Print tool output to console in text mode
+                    if (typeof outputChunk === 'string') {
+                      process.stdout.write(outputChunk);
+                    } else if (
+                      outputChunk &&
+                      typeof outputChunk === 'object' &&
+                      'ansiOutput' in outputChunk
+                    ) {
+                      // Handle ANSI output - just print as string for now
+                      process.stdout.write(String(outputChunk.ansiOutput));
+                    }
+                  }
+                : undefined;
+
+            // Combine output handlers
+            const outputUpdateHandler =
+              taskToolProgressHandler || nonTaskOutputHandler;
+
             const toolResponse = await executeToolCall(
               config,
               finalRequestInfo,
               abortController.signal,
-              isTaskTool && taskToolProgressHandler
+              outputUpdateHandler || toolCallUpdateCallback
                 ? {
-                    outputUpdateHandler: taskToolProgressHandler,
-                    onToolCallsUpdate: toolCallUpdateCallback,
-                  }
-                : toolCallUpdateCallback
-                  ? {
+                    ...(outputUpdateHandler && { outputUpdateHandler }),
+                    ...(toolCallUpdateCallback && {
                       onToolCallsUpdate: toolCallUpdateCallback,
-                    }
-                  : undefined,
+                    }),
+                  }
+                : undefined,
             );
 
             // Note: In JSON mode, subagent messages are automatically added to the main

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCliCommands.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen Team
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { handleSlashCommand } from './nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
+import type { Config } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
+import type { LoadedSettings } from './config/settings.js';
+import { CommandKind } from './ui/commands/types.js';
+
+// Mock the CommandService
+const mockGetCommands = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const mockCommandServiceCreate = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+vi.mock('./services/CommandService.js', () => ({
+  CommandService: {
+    create: mockCommandServiceCreate,
+  },
+}));
+
+describe('handleSlashCommand', () => {
+  let mockConfig: Config;
+  let mockSettings: LoadedSettings;
+  let abortController: AbortController;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    mockCommandServiceCreate.mockResolvedValue({
+      getCommands: mockGetCommands,
+    });
+
+    mockConfig = {
+      getExperimentalZedIntegration: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      isInteractive: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      getSessionId: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('test-session'),
+      getFolderTrustFeature: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      getFolderTrust: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      getProjectRoot: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('/test/project'),
+      storage: {},
+    } as unknown as Config;
+
+    mockSettings = {
+      system: { path: '', settings: {} },
+      systemDefaults: { path: '', settings: {} },
+      user: { path: '', settings: {} },
+      workspace: { path: '', settings: {} },
+    } as LoadedSettings;
+
+    abortController = new AbortController();
+  });
+
+  it('should return no_command for non-slash input', async () => {
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      'regular text',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('no_command');
+  });
+
+  it('should return no_command for unknown slash commands', async () => {
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/unknowncommand',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('no_command');
+  });
+
+  it('should return unsupported for known built-in commands not in allowed list', async () => {
+    const mockHelpCommand = {
+      name: 'help',
+      description: 'Show help',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockHelpCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/help',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      [], // Empty allowed list
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('unsupported');
+    if (result.type === 'unsupported') {
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('/help');
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('not supported');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should return unsupported for /help when using default allowed list', async () => {
+    const mockHelpCommand = {
+      name: 'help',
+      description: 'Show help',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockHelpCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/help',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      // Default allowed list: ['init', 'summary', 'compress']
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('unsupported');
+    if (result.type === 'unsupported') {
+      expect(result.reason).toBe(
+        'The command "/help" is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+      );
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should execute allowed built-in commands', async () => {
+    const mockInitCommand = {
+      name: 'init',
+      description: 'Initialize project',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: 'Project initialized',
+      }),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockInitCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/init',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      ['init'], // init is in the allowed list
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('message');
+    if (result.type === 'message') {
+      expect(result.content).toBe('Project initialized');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should execute file commands regardless of allowed list', async () => {
+    const mockFileCommand = {
+      name: 'custom',
+      description: 'Custom file command',
+      kind: CommandKind.FILE,
+      action: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        type: 'submit_prompt',
+        content: [{ text: 'Custom prompt' }],
+      }),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockFileCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/custom',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+      [], // Empty allowed list, but FILE commands should still work
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('submit_prompt');
+    if (result.type === 'submit_prompt') {
+      expect(result.content).toEqual([{ text: 'Custom prompt' }]);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should return unsupported for other built-in commands like /quit', async () => {
+    const mockQuitCommand = {
+      name: 'quit',
+      description: 'Quit application',
+      kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      action: vi.fn(),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockQuitCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/quit',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('unsupported');
+    if (result.type === 'unsupported') {
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('/quit');
+      expect(result.reason).toContain('not supported');
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('should handle command with no action', async () => {
+    const mockCommand = {
+      name: 'noaction',
+      description: 'Command without action',
+      kind: CommandKind.FILE,
+      // No action property
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/noaction',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('no_command');
+  });
+
+  it('should return message when command returns void', async () => {
+    const mockCommand = {
+      name: 'voidcmd',
+      description: 'Command that returns void',
+      kind: CommandKind.FILE,
+      action: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+    };
+    mockGetCommands.mockReturnValue([mockCommand]);
+
+    const result = await handleSlashCommand(
+      '/voidcmd',
+      abortController,
+      mockConfig,
+      mockSettings,
+    );
+
+    expect(result.type).toBe('message');
+    if (result.type === 'message') {
+      expect(result.content).toBe('Command executed successfully.');
+      expect(result.messageType).toBe('info');
+    }
+  });
+});

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCliCommands.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 import type { PartListUnion } from '@google/genai';
 import { parseSlashCommand } from './utils/commands.js';
 import {
-  FatalInputError,
   Logger,
   uiTelemetryService,
   type Config,
@@ -19,10 +18,164 @@ import {
   CommandKind,
   type CommandContext,
   type SlashCommand,
+  type SlashCommandActionReturn,
 } from './ui/commands/types.js';
 import { createNonInteractiveUI } from './ui/noninteractive/nonInteractiveUi.js';
 import type { LoadedSettings } from './config/settings.js';
 import type { SessionStatsState } from './ui/contexts/SessionContext.js';
+import { t } from './i18n/index.js';
+
+/**
+ * Built-in commands that are allowed in non-interactive modes (CLI and ACP).
+ * Only safe, read-only commands that don't require interactive UI.
+ *
+ * These commands are:
+ * - init: Initialize project configuration
+ * - summary: Generate session summary
+ * - compress: Compress conversation history
+ */
+export const ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE = [
+  'init',
+  'summary',
+  'compress',
+] as const;
+
+/**
+ * Result of handling a slash command in non-interactive mode.
+ *
+ * Supported types:
+ * - 'submit_prompt': Submits content to the model (supports all modes)
+ * - 'message': Returns a single message (supports non-interactive JSON/text only)
+ * - 'stream_messages': Streams multiple messages (supports ACP only)
+ * - 'unsupported': Command cannot be executed in this mode
+ * - 'no_command': No command was found or executed
+ */
+export type NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult =
+  | {
+      type: 'submit_prompt';
+      content: PartListUnion;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'message';
+      messageType: 'info' | 'error';
+      content: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'stream_messages';
+      messages: AsyncGenerator<
+        { messageType: 'info' | 'error'; content: string },
+        void,
+        unknown
+      >;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'unsupported';
+      reason: string;
+      originalType: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      type: 'no_command';
+    };
+
+/**
+ * Converts a SlashCommandActionReturn to a NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult.
+ *
+ * Only the following result types are supported in non-interactive mode:
+ * - submit_prompt: Submits content to the model (all modes)
+ * - message: Returns a single message (non-interactive JSON/text only)
+ * - stream_messages: Streams multiple messages (ACP only)
+ *
+ * All other result types are converted to 'unsupported'.
+ *
+ * @param result The result from executing a slash command action
+ * @returns A NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult describing the outcome
+ */
+function handleCommandResult(
+  result: SlashCommandActionReturn,
+): NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult {
+  switch (result.type) {
+    case 'submit_prompt':
+      return {
+        type: 'submit_prompt',
+        content: result.content,
+      };
+
+    case 'message':
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: result.messageType,
+        content: result.content,
+      };
+
+    case 'stream_messages':
+      return {
+        type: 'stream_messages',
+        messages: result.messages,
+      };
+
+    /**
+     * Currently return types below are never generated due to the
+     * whitelist of allowed slash commands in ACP and non-interactive mode.
+     * We'll try to add more supported return types in the future.
+     */
+    case 'tool':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Tool execution from slash commands is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+        originalType: 'tool',
+      };
+
+    case 'quit':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Quit command is not supported in non-interactive mode. The process will exit naturally after completion.',
+        originalType: 'quit',
+      };
+
+    case 'dialog':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason: `Dialog '${result.dialog}' cannot be opened in non-interactive mode.`,
+        originalType: 'dialog',
+      };
+
+    case 'load_history':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Loading history is not supported in non-interactive mode. Each invocation starts with a fresh context.',
+        originalType: 'load_history',
+      };
+
+    case 'confirm_shell_commands':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Shell command confirmation is not supported in non-interactive mode. Use YOLO mode or pre-approve commands.',
+        originalType: 'confirm_shell_commands',
+      };
+
+    case 'confirm_action':
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason:
+          'Action confirmation is not supported in non-interactive mode. Commands requiring confirmation cannot be executed.',
+        originalType: 'confirm_action',
+      };
+
+    default: {
+      // Exhaustiveness check
+      const _exhaustive: never = result;
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason: `Unknown command result type: ${(_exhaustive as SlashCommandActionReturn).type}`,
+        originalType: 'unknown',
+      };
+    }
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  * Filters commands based on the allowed built-in command names.
@@ -62,122 +215,146 @@ function filterCommandsForNonInteractive(
  * @param config The configuration object
  * @param settings The loaded settings
  * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames Optional array of built-in command names that are
- *   allowed. If not provided or empty, only file commands are available.
- * @returns A Promise that resolves to `PartListUnion` if a valid command is
- *   found and results in a prompt, or `undefined` otherwise.
- * @throws {FatalInputError} if the command result is not supported in
- *   non-interactive mode.
+ *   allowed. Defaults to ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE (init, summary, compress).
+ *   Pass an empty array to only allow file commands.
+ * @returns A Promise that resolves to a `NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult` describing
+ *   the outcome of the command execution.
  */
 export const handleSlashCommand = async (
   rawQuery: string,
   abortController: AbortController,
   config: Config,
   settings: LoadedSettings,
-  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
-): Promise<PartListUnion | undefined> => {
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames: string[] = [
+    ...ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE,
+  ],
+): Promise<NonInteractiveSlashCommandResult> => {
   const trimmed = rawQuery.trim();
   if (!trimmed.startsWith('/')) {
-    return;
+    return { type: 'no_command' };
   }
 
+  const isAcpMode = config.getExperimentalZedIntegration();
+  const isInteractive = config.isInteractive();
+
+  const executionMode = isAcpMode
+    ? 'acp'
+    : isInteractive
+      ? 'interactive'
+      : 'non_interactive';
+
   const allowedBuiltinSet = new Set(allowedBuiltinCommandNames ?? []);
 
-  // Only load BuiltinCommandLoader if there are allowed built-in commands
-  const loaders =
-    allowedBuiltinSet.size > 0
-      ? [new BuiltinCommandLoader(config), new FileCommandLoader(config)]
-      : [new FileCommandLoader(config)];
+  // Load all commands to check if the command exists but is not allowed
+  const allLoaders = [
+    new BuiltinCommandLoader(config),
+    new FileCommandLoader(config),
+  ];
 
   const commandService = await CommandService.create(
-    loaders,
+    allLoaders,
     abortController.signal,
   );
-  const commands = commandService.getCommands();
+  const allCommands = commandService.getCommands();
   const filteredCommands = filterCommandsForNonInteractive(
-    commands,
+    allCommands,
     allowedBuiltinSet,
   );
 
+  // First, try to parse with filtered commands
   const { commandToExecute, args } = parseSlashCommand(
     rawQuery,
     filteredCommands,
   );
 
-  if (commandToExecute) {
-    if (commandToExecute.action) {
-      // Not used by custom commands but may be in the future.
-      const sessionStats: SessionStatsState = {
-        sessionId: config?.getSessionId(),
-        sessionStartTime: new Date(),
-        metrics: uiTelemetryService.getMetrics(),
-        lastPromptTokenCount: 0,
-        promptCount: 1,
+  if (!commandToExecute) {
+    // Check if this is a known command that's just not allowed
+    const { commandToExecute: knownCommand } = parseSlashCommand(
+      rawQuery,
+      allCommands,
+    );
+
+    if (knownCommand) {
+      // Command exists but is not allowed in non-interactive mode
+      return {
+        type: 'unsupported',
+        reason: t(
+          'The command "/{{command}}" is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
+          { command: knownCommand.name },
+        ),
+        originalType: 'filtered_command',
       };
-
-      const logger = new Logger(config?.getSessionId() || '', config?.storage);
-
-      const context: CommandContext = {
-        services: {
-          config,
-          settings,
-          git: undefined,
-          logger,
-        },
-        ui: createNonInteractiveUI(),
-        session: {
-          stats: sessionStats,
-          sessionShellAllowlist: new Set(),
-        },
-        invocation: {
-          raw: trimmed,
-          name: commandToExecute.name,
-          args,
-        },
-      };
-
-      const result = await commandToExecute.action(context, args);
-
-      if (result) {
-        switch (result.type) {
-          case 'submit_prompt':
-            return result.content;
-          case 'confirm_shell_commands':
-            // This result indicates a command attempted to confirm shell commands.
-            // However note that currently, ShellTool is excluded in non-interactive
-            // mode unless 'YOLO mode' is active, so confirmation actually won't
-            // occur because of YOLO mode.
-            // This ensures that if a command *does* request confirmation (e.g.
-            // in the future with more granular permissions), it's handled appropriately.
-            throw new FatalInputError(
-              'Exiting due to a confirmation prompt requested by the command.',
-            );
-          default:
-            throw new FatalInputError(
-              'Exiting due to command result that is not supported in non-interactive mode.',
-            );
-        }
-      }
     }
+
+    return { type: 'no_command' };
   }
 
-  return;
+  if (!commandToExecute.action) {
+    return { type: 'no_command' };
+  }
+
+  // Not used by custom commands but may be in the future.
+  const sessionStats: SessionStatsState = {
+    sessionId: config?.getSessionId(),
+    sessionStartTime: new Date(),
+    metrics: uiTelemetryService.getMetrics(),
+    lastPromptTokenCount: 0,
+    promptCount: 1,
+  };
+
+  const logger = new Logger(config?.getSessionId() || '', config?.storage);
+
+  const context: CommandContext = {
+    executionMode,
+    services: {
+      config,
+      settings,
+      git: undefined,
+      logger,
+    },
+    ui: createNonInteractiveUI(),
+    session: {
+      stats: sessionStats,
+      sessionShellAllowlist: new Set(),
+    },
+    invocation: {
+      raw: trimmed,
+      name: commandToExecute.name,
+      args,
+    },
+  };
+
+  const result = await commandToExecute.action(context, args);
+
+  if (!result) {
+    // Command executed but returned no result (e.g., void return)
+    return {
+      type: 'message',
+      messageType: 'info',
+      content: 'Command executed successfully.',
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Handle different result types
+  return handleCommandResult(result);
 };
 
 /**
  * Retrieves all available slash commands for the current configuration.
  *
  * @param config The configuration object
- * @param settings The loaded settings
  * @param abortSignal Signal to cancel the loading process
  * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames Optional array of built-in command names that are
- *   allowed. If not provided or empty, only file commands are available.
+ *   allowed. Defaults to ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE (init, summary, compress).
+ *   Pass an empty array to only include file commands.
  * @returns A Promise that resolves to an array of SlashCommand objects
  */
 export const getAvailableCommands = async (
   config: Config,
-  settings: LoadedSettings,
   abortSignal: AbortSignal,
-  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames: string[] = [
+    ...ALLOWED_BUILTIN_COMMANDS_NON_INTERACTIVE,
+  ],
 ): Promise<SlashCommand[]> => {
   try {
     const allowedBuiltinSet = new Set(allowedBuiltinCommandNames ?? []);

packages/cli/src/services/McpPromptLoader.test.ts

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const mockPrompt = {
     { name: 'trail', required: false, description: "The animal's trail." },
   ],
   invoke: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-    messages: [{ content: { text: 'Hello, world!' } }],
+    messages: [{ content: { type: 'text', text: 'Hello, world!' } }],
   }),
 };
 

packages/cli/src/services/McpPromptLoader.ts

@@ -123,7 +123,10 @@ export class McpPromptLoader implements ICommandLoader {
                 };
               }
 
-              if (!result.messages?.[0]?.content?.['text']) {
+              const firstMessage = result.messages?.[0];
+              const content = firstMessage?.content;
+
+              if (content?.type !== 'text') {
                 return {
                   type: 'message',
                   messageType: 'error',
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ export class McpPromptLoader implements ICommandLoader {
 
               return {
                 type: 'submit_prompt',
-                content: JSON.stringify(result.messages[0].content.text),
+                content: JSON.stringify(content.text),
               };
             } catch (error) {
               return {

packages/cli/src/ui/AppContainer.test.tsx

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import {
 } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 import type { LoadedSettings } from '../config/settings.js';
 import type { InitializationResult } from '../core/initializer.js';
-import { useQuotaAndFallback } from './hooks/useQuotaAndFallback.js';
 import { UIStateContext, type UIState } from './contexts/UIStateContext.js';
 import {
   UIActionsContext,
@@ -56,7 +55,6 @@ vi.mock('./App.js', () => ({
   App: TestContextConsumer,
 }));
 
-vi.mock('./hooks/useQuotaAndFallback.js');
 vi.mock('./hooks/useHistoryManager.js');
 vi.mock('./hooks/useThemeCommand.js');
 vi.mock('./auth/useAuth.js');
@@ -122,7 +120,6 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
   let mockInitResult: InitializationResult;
 
   // Create typed mocks for all hooks
-  const mockedUseQuotaAndFallback = useQuotaAndFallback as Mock;
   const mockedUseHistory = useHistory as Mock;
   const mockedUseThemeCommand = useThemeCommand as Mock;
   const mockedUseAuthCommand = useAuthCommand as Mock;
@@ -164,10 +161,6 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
     capturedUIActions = null!;
 
     // **Provide a default return value for EVERY mocked hook.**
-    mockedUseQuotaAndFallback.mockReturnValue({
-      proQuotaRequest: null,
-      handleProQuotaChoice: vi.fn(),
-    });
     mockedUseHistory.mockReturnValue({
       history: [],
       addItem: vi.fn(),
@@ -567,75 +560,6 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('Quota and Fallback Integration', () => {
-    it('passes a null proQuotaRequest to UIStateContext by default', () => {
-      // The default mock from beforeEach already sets proQuotaRequest to null
-      render(
-        <AppContainer
-          config={mockConfig}
-          settings={mockSettings}
-          version="1.0.0"
-          initializationResult={mockInitResult}
-        />,
-      );
-
-      // Assert that the context value is as expected
-      expect(capturedUIState.proQuotaRequest).toBeNull();
-    });
-
-    it('passes a valid proQuotaRequest to UIStateContext when provided by the hook', () => {
-      // Arrange: Create a mock request object that a UI dialog would receive
-      const mockRequest = {
-        failedModel: 'gemini-pro',
-        fallbackModel: 'gemini-flash',
-        resolve: vi.fn(),
-      };
-      mockedUseQuotaAndFallback.mockReturnValue({
-        proQuotaRequest: mockRequest,
-        handleProQuotaChoice: vi.fn(),
-      });
-
-      // Act: Render the container
-      render(
-        <AppContainer
-          config={mockConfig}
-          settings={mockSettings}
-          version="1.0.0"
-          initializationResult={mockInitResult}
-        />,
-      );
-
-      // Assert: The mock request is correctly passed through the context
-      expect(capturedUIState.proQuotaRequest).toEqual(mockRequest);
-    });
-
-    it('passes the handleProQuotaChoice function to UIActionsContext', () => {
-      // Arrange: Create a mock handler function
-      const mockHandler = vi.fn();
-      mockedUseQuotaAndFallback.mockReturnValue({
-        proQuotaRequest: null,
-        handleProQuotaChoice: mockHandler,
-      });
-
-      // Act: Render the container
-      render(
-        <AppContainer
-          config={mockConfig}
-          settings={mockSettings}
-          version="1.0.0"
-          initializationResult={mockInitResult}
-        />,
-      );
-
-      // Assert: The action in the context is the mock handler we provided
-      expect(capturedUIActions.handleProQuotaChoice).toBe(mockHandler);
-
-      // You can even verify that the plumbed function is callable
-      capturedUIActions.handleProQuotaChoice('auth');
-      expect(mockHandler).toHaveBeenCalledWith('auth');
-    });
-  });
-
   describe('Terminal Title Update Feature', () => {
     beforeEach(() => {
       // Reset mock stdout for each test

packages/cli/src/ui/AppContainer.tsx

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import {
   type Config,
   type IdeInfo,
   type IdeContext,
-  type UserTierId,
   DEFAULT_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL,
   IdeClient,
   ideContextStore,
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ import { useHistory } from './hooks/useHistoryManager.js';
 import { useMemoryMonitor } from './hooks/useMemoryMonitor.js';
 import { useThemeCommand } from './hooks/useThemeCommand.js';
 import { useAuthCommand } from './auth/useAuth.js';
-import { useQuotaAndFallback } from './hooks/useQuotaAndFallback.js';
 import { useEditorSettings } from './hooks/useEditorSettings.js';
 import { useSettingsCommand } from './hooks/useSettingsCommand.js';
 import { useModelCommand } from './hooks/useModelCommand.js';
@@ -192,8 +190,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
 
   const [currentModel, setCurrentModel] = useState(getEffectiveModel());
 
-  const [userTier] = useState<UserTierId | undefined>(undefined);
-
   const [isConfigInitialized, setConfigInitialized] = useState(false);
 
   const [userMessages, setUserMessages] = useState<string[]>([]);
@@ -367,14 +363,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
     cancelAuthentication,
   } = useAuthCommand(settings, config, historyManager.addItem);
 
-  const { proQuotaRequest, handleProQuotaChoice } = useQuotaAndFallback({
-    config,
-    historyManager,
-    userTier,
-    setAuthState,
-    setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-  });
-
   useInitializationAuthError(initializationResult.authError, onAuthError);
 
   // Sync user tier from config when authentication changes
@@ -752,8 +740,7 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
     !initError &&
     !isProcessing &&
     (streamingState === StreamingState.Idle ||
-      streamingState === StreamingState.Responding) &&
-    !proQuotaRequest;
+      streamingState === StreamingState.Responding);
 
   const [controlsHeight, setControlsHeight] = useState(0);
 
@@ -1211,7 +1198,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
     isAuthenticating ||
     isEditorDialogOpen ||
     showIdeRestartPrompt ||
-    !!proQuotaRequest ||
     isSubagentCreateDialogOpen ||
     isAgentsManagerDialogOpen ||
     isApprovalModeDialogOpen ||
@@ -1282,8 +1268,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
       showWorkspaceMigrationDialog,
       workspaceExtensions,
       currentModel,
-      userTier,
-      proQuotaRequest,
       contextFileNames,
       errorCount,
       availableTerminalHeight,
@@ -1372,8 +1356,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
       showAutoAcceptIndicator,
       showWorkspaceMigrationDialog,
       workspaceExtensions,
-      userTier,
-      proQuotaRequest,
       contextFileNames,
       errorCount,
       availableTerminalHeight,
@@ -1435,7 +1417,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
       handleClearScreen,
       onWorkspaceMigrationDialogOpen,
       onWorkspaceMigrationDialogClose,
-      handleProQuotaChoice,
       // Vision switch dialog
       handleVisionSwitchSelect,
       // Welcome back dialog
@@ -1473,7 +1454,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
       handleClearScreen,
       onWorkspaceMigrationDialogOpen,
       onWorkspaceMigrationDialogClose,
-      handleProQuotaChoice,
       handleVisionSwitchSelect,
       handleWelcomeBackSelection,
       handleWelcomeBackClose,

packages/cli/src/ui/auth/AuthDialog.test.tsx

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ describe('AuthDialog', () => {
 
     it('should not show the GEMINI_API_KEY message if QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE is set to something else', () => {
       process.env['GEMINI_API_KEY'] = 'foobar';
-      process.env['QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE'] = AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE;
+      process.env['QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE'] = AuthType.USE_OPENAI;
 
       const settings: LoadedSettings = new LoadedSettings(
         {
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ describe('AuthDialog', () => {
 
     it('should show the GEMINI_API_KEY message if QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE is set to use api key', () => {
       process.env['GEMINI_API_KEY'] = 'foobar';
-      process.env['QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE'] = AuthType.USE_GEMINI;
+      process.env['QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE'] = AuthType.USE_OPENAI;
 
       const settings: LoadedSettings = new LoadedSettings(
         {
@@ -504,12 +504,12 @@ describe('AuthDialog', () => {
       },
       {
         settings: {
-          security: { auth: { selectedType: AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE } },
+          security: { auth: { selectedType: AuthType.USE_OPENAI } },
           ui: { customThemes: {} },
           mcpServers: {},
         },
         originalSettings: {
-          security: { auth: { selectedType: AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE } },
+          security: { auth: { selectedType: AuthType.USE_OPENAI } },
           ui: { customThemes: {} },
           mcpServers: {},
         },

packages/cli/src/ui/auth/useAuth.ts

@@ -225,16 +225,26 @@ export const useAuthCommand = (
     const defaultAuthType = process.env['QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE'];
     if (
       defaultAuthType &&
-      ![AuthType.QWEN_OAUTH, AuthType.USE_OPENAI].includes(
-        defaultAuthType as AuthType,
-      )
+      ![
+        AuthType.QWEN_OAUTH,
+        AuthType.USE_OPENAI,
+        AuthType.USE_ANTHROPIC,
+        AuthType.USE_GEMINI,
+        AuthType.USE_VERTEX_AI,
+      ].includes(defaultAuthType as AuthType)
     ) {
       onAuthError(
         t(
           'Invalid QWEN_DEFAULT_AUTH_TYPE value: "{{value}}". Valid values are: {{validValues}}',
           {
             value: defaultAuthType,
-            validValues: [AuthType.QWEN_OAUTH, AuthType.USE_OPENAI].join(', '),
+            validValues: [
+              AuthType.QWEN_OAUTH,
+              AuthType.USE_OPENAI,
+              AuthType.USE_ANTHROPIC,
+              AuthType.USE_GEMINI,
+              AuthType.USE_VERTEX_AI,
+            ].join(', '),
           },
         ),
       );

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/compressCommand.ts

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ export const compressCommand: SlashCommand = {
   kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
   action: async (context) => {
     const { ui } = context;
-    if (ui.pendingItem) {
+    const executionMode = context.executionMode ?? 'interactive';
+
+    if (executionMode === 'interactive' && ui.pendingItem) {
       ui.addItem(
         {
           type: MessageType.ERROR,
@@ -40,13 +42,80 @@ export const compressCommand: SlashCommand = {
       },
     };
 
-    try {
-      ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
+    const config = context.services.config;
+    const geminiClient = config?.getGeminiClient();
+    if (!config || !geminiClient) {
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'error',
+        content: t('Config not loaded.'),
+      };
+    }
+
+    const doCompress = async () => {
       const promptId = `compress-${Date.now()}`;
-      const compressed = await context.services.config
-        ?.getGeminiClient()
-        ?.tryCompressChat(promptId, true);
-      if (compressed) {
+      return await geminiClient.tryCompressChat(promptId, true);
+    };
+
+    if (executionMode === 'acp') {
+      const messages = async function* () {
+        try {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: 'Compressing context...',
+          };
+          const compressed = await doCompress();
+          if (!compressed) {
+            yield {
+              messageType: 'error' as const,
+              content: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+            };
+            return;
+          }
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: `Context compressed (${compressed.originalTokenCount} -> ${compressed.newTokenCount}).`,
+          };
+        } catch (e) {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'error' as const,
+            content: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
+              error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
+            }),
+          };
+        }
+      };
+
+      return { type: 'stream_messages', messages: messages() };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
+        ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
+      }
+
+      const compressed = await doCompress();
+
+      if (!compressed) {
+        if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
+          ui.addItem(
+            {
+              type: MessageType.ERROR,
+              text: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+            },
+            Date.now(),
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+
+        return {
+          type: 'message',
+          messageType: 'error',
+          content: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+        };
+      }
+
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
         ui.addItem(
           {
             type: MessageType.COMPRESSION,
@@ -59,27 +128,39 @@ export const compressCommand: SlashCommand = {
           } as HistoryItemCompression,
           Date.now(),
         );
-      } else {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: `Context compressed (${compressed.originalTokenCount} -> ${compressed.newTokenCount}).`,
+      };
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
         ui.addItem(
           {
             type: MessageType.ERROR,
-            text: t('Failed to compress chat history.'),
+            text: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
+              error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
+            }),
           },
           Date.now(),
         );
+        return;
       }
-    } catch (e) {
-      ui.addItem(
-        {
-          type: MessageType.ERROR,
-          text: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
-            error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
-          }),
-        },
-        Date.now(),
-      );
+
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'error',
+        content: t('Failed to compress chat history: {{error}}', {
+          error: e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e),
+        }),
+      };
     } finally {
-      ui.setPendingItem(null);
+      if (executionMode === 'interactive') {
+        ui.setPendingItem(null);
+      }
     }
   },
 };

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/ideCommand.test.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ vi.mock('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core', async (importOriginal) => {
   const original = await importOriginal<typeof core>();
   return {
     ...original,
-    getOauthClient: vi.fn(original.getOauthClient),
     getIdeInstaller: vi.fn(original.getIdeInstaller),
     IdeClient: {
       getInstance: vi.fn(),

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/languageCommand.test.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,16 @@ import { createMockCommandContext } from '../../test-utils/mockCommandContext.js
 vi.mock('../../i18n/index.js', () => ({
   setLanguageAsync: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
   getCurrentLanguage: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('en'),
+  detectSystemLanguage: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('en'),
+  getLanguageNameFromLocale: vi.fn((locale: string) => {
+    const map: Record<string, string> = {
+      zh: 'Chinese',
+      en: 'English',
+      ru: 'Russian',
+      de: 'German',
+    };
+    return map[locale] || 'English';
+  }),
   t: vi.fn((key: string) => key),
 }));
 
@@ -61,7 +71,10 @@ vi.mock('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core', async (importOriginal) => {
 
 // Import modules after mocking
 import * as i18n from '../../i18n/index.js';
-import { languageCommand } from './languageCommand.js';
+import {
+  languageCommand,
+  initializeLlmOutputLanguage,
+} from './languageCommand.js';
 
 describe('languageCommand', () => {
   let mockContext: CommandContext;
@@ -186,6 +199,39 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
         content: expect.stringContaining('Chinese'),
       });
     });
+
+    it('should parse Unicode LLM output language from marker', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
+      vi.mocked(fs.readFileSync).mockReturnValue(
+        [
+          '# ⚠️ CRITICAL: 中文 Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY ⚠️',
+          '<!-- qwen-code:llm-output-language: 中文 -->',
+          '',
+          'Some other content...',
+        ].join('\n'),
+      );
+
+      vi.mocked(i18n.t).mockImplementation(
+        (key: string, params?: Record<string, string>) => {
+          if (params && key.includes('{{lang}}')) {
+            return key.replace('{{lang}}', params['lang'] || '');
+          }
+          return key;
+        },
+      );
+
+      if (!languageCommand.action) {
+        throw new Error('The language command must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      const result = await languageCommand.action(mockContext, '');
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: expect.stringContaining('中文'),
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('main command action - config not available', () => {
@@ -400,6 +446,34 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should normalize locale code "ru" to "Russian"', async () => {
+      if (!languageCommand.action) {
+        throw new Error('The language command must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      await languageCommand.action(mockContext, 'output ru');
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('Russian'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should normalize locale code "de" to "German"', async () => {
+      if (!languageCommand.action) {
+        throw new Error('The language command must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      await languageCommand.action(mockContext, 'output de');
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('German'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
     it('should handle file write errors gracefully', async () => {
       vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockImplementation(() => {
         throw new Error('Permission denied');
@@ -481,6 +555,8 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       const nestedNames = uiSubcommand?.subCommands?.map((c) => c.name);
       expect(nestedNames).toContain('zh-CN');
       expect(nestedNames).toContain('en-US');
+      expect(nestedNames).toContain('ru-RU');
+      expect(nestedNames).toContain('de-DE');
     });
 
     it('should have action that sets language', async () => {
@@ -542,16 +618,9 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
     const enUSSubcommand = uiSubcommand?.subCommands?.find(
       (c) => c.name === 'en-US',
     );
-
-    it('zh-CN should have aliases', () => {
-      expect(zhCNSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('zh');
-      expect(zhCNSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('chinese');
-    });
-
-    it('en-US should have aliases', () => {
-      expect(enUSSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('en');
-      expect(enUSSubcommand?.altNames).toContain('english');
-    });
+    const deDESubcommand = uiSubcommand?.subCommands?.find(
+      (c) => c.name === 'de-DE',
+    );
 
     it('zh-CN action should set Chinese', async () => {
       if (!zhCNSubcommand?.action) {
@@ -583,6 +652,21 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('de-DE action should set German', async () => {
+      if (!deDESubcommand?.action) {
+        throw new Error('de-DE subcommand must have an action.');
+      }
+
+      const result = await deDESubcommand.action(mockContext, '');
+
+      expect(i18n.setLanguageAsync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('de');
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: expect.stringContaining('UI language changed'),
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should reject extra arguments', async () => {
       if (!zhCNSubcommand?.action) {
         throw new Error('zh-CN subcommand must have an action.');
@@ -597,4 +681,74 @@ describe('languageCommand', () => {
       });
     });
   });
+
+  describe('initializeLlmOutputLanguage', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(fs.mkdirSync).mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+      vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockImplementation(() => undefined);
+    });
+
+    it('should create file when it does not exist', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('en');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.mkdirSync).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('English'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT overwrite existing file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should detect Chinese locale and create Chinese rule file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('zh');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('Chinese'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should detect Russian locale and create Russian rule file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('ru');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('Russian'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should detect German locale and create German rule file', () => {
+      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+      vi.mocked(i18n.detectSystemLanguage).mockReturnValue('de');
+
+      initializeLlmOutputLanguage();
+
+      expect(fs.writeFileSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('output-language.md'),
+        expect.stringContaining('German'),
+        'utf-8',
+      );
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/languageCommand.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2025 Qwen team
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
@@ -15,51 +15,72 @@ import { SettingScope } from '../../config/settings.js';
 import {
   setLanguageAsync,
   getCurrentLanguage,
+  detectSystemLanguage,
+  getLanguageNameFromLocale,
   type SupportedLanguage,
   t,
 } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import {
+  SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES,
+  type LanguageDefinition,
+} from '../../i18n/languages.js';
 import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import * as path from 'node:path';
 import { Storage } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 
 const LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_RULE_FILENAME = 'output-language.md';
+const LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_MARKER_PREFIX = 'qwen-code:llm-output-language:';
+
+function parseUiLanguageArg(input: string): SupportedLanguage | null {
+  const lowered = input.trim().toLowerCase();
+  if (!lowered) return null;
+  for (const lang of SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES) {
+    if (
+      lowered === lang.code ||
+      lowered === lang.id.toLowerCase() ||
+      lowered === lang.fullName.toLowerCase()
+    ) {
+      return lang.code;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function formatUiLanguageDisplay(lang: SupportedLanguage): string {
+  const option = SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.find((o) => o.code === lang);
+  return option ? `${option.fullName}（${option.id}）` : lang;
+}
+
+function sanitizeLanguageForMarker(language: string): string {
+  // HTML comments cannot contain "--" or end markers like "-->" or "--!>" safely.
+  // Also avoid newlines to keep the marker single-line and robust to parsing.
+  return language
+    .replace(/[\r\n]/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/--!?>/g, '')
+    .replace(/--/g, '');
+}
 
 /**
  * Generates the LLM output language rule template based on the language name.
  */
 function generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(language: string): string {
-  return `# ⚠️ CRITICAL: ${language} Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY ⚠️
+  const markerLanguage = sanitizeLanguageForMarker(language);
+  return `# Output language preference: ${language}
+<!-- ${LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_MARKER_PREFIX} ${markerLanguage} -->
 
-## 🚨 MANDATORY RULE - NO EXCEPTIONS 🚨
+## Goal
+Prefer responding in **${language}** for normal assistant messages and explanations.
 
-**YOU MUST RESPOND IN ${language.toUpperCase()} FOR EVERY SINGLE OUTPUT, REGARDLESS OF THE USER'S INPUT LANGUAGE.**
+## Keep technical artifacts unchanged
+Do **not** translate or rewrite:
+- Code blocks, CLI commands, file paths, stack traces, logs, JSON keys, identifiers
+- Exact quoted text from the user (keep quotes verbatim)
 
-This is a **NON-NEGOTIABLE** requirement. Even if the user writes in English, says "hi", asks a simple question, or explicitly requests another language, **YOU MUST ALWAYS RESPOND IN ${language.toUpperCase()}.**
+## When a conflict exists
+If higher-priority instructions (system/developer) require a different behavior, follow them.
 
-## What Must Be in ${language}
-
-**EVERYTHING** you output: conversation replies, tool call descriptions, success/error messages, generated file content (comments, documentation), and all explanatory text.
-
-**Tool outputs**: All descriptive text from \`read_file\`, \`write_file\`, \`codebase_search\`, \`run_terminal_cmd\`, \`todo_write\`, \`web_search\`, etc. MUST be in ${language}.
-
-## Examples
-
-### ✅ CORRECT:
-- User says "hi" → Respond in ${language} (e.g., "Bonjour" if ${language} is French)
-- Tool result → "已成功读取文件 config.json" (if ${language} is Chinese)
-- Error → "无法找到指定的文件" (if ${language} is Chinese)
-
-### ❌ WRONG:
-- User says "hi" → "Hello" in English
-- Tool result → "Successfully read file" in English
-- Error → "File not found" in English
-
-## Notes
-
-- Code elements (variable/function names, syntax) can remain in English
-- Comments, documentation, and all other text MUST be in ${language}
-
-**THIS RULE IS ACTIVE NOW. ALL OUTPUTS MUST BE IN ${language.toUpperCase()}. NO EXCEPTIONS.**
+## Tool / system outputs
+Raw tool/system outputs may contain fixed-format English. Preserve them verbatim, and if needed, add a short **${language}** explanation below.
 `;
 }
 
@@ -73,6 +94,80 @@ function getLlmOutputLanguageRulePath(): string {
   );
 }
 
+/**
+ * Normalizes a language input to its full English name.
+ * If the input is a known locale code (e.g., "ru", "zh"), converts it to the full name.
+ * Otherwise, returns the input as-is (e.g., "Japanese" stays "Japanese").
+ */
+function normalizeLanguageName(language: string): string {
+  const lowered = language.toLowerCase();
+  // Check if it's a known locale code and convert to full name
+  const fullName = getLanguageNameFromLocale(lowered);
+  // If getLanguageNameFromLocale returned a different value, use it
+  // Otherwise, use the original input (preserves case for unknown languages)
+  if (fullName !== 'English' || lowered === 'en') {
+    return fullName;
+  }
+  return language;
+}
+
+function extractLlmOutputLanguageFromRuleFileContent(
+  content: string,
+): string | null {
+  // Preferred: machine-readable marker that supports Unicode and spaces.
+  // Example: <!-- qwen-code:llm-output-language: 中文 -->
+  const markerMatch = content.match(
+    new RegExp(
+      String.raw`<!--\s*${LLM_OUTPUT_LANGUAGE_MARKER_PREFIX}\s*(.*?)\s*-->`,
+      'i',
+    ),
+  );
+  if (markerMatch?.[1]) {
+    const lang = markerMatch[1].trim();
+    if (lang) return lang;
+  }
+
+  // Backward compatibility: parse the heading line.
+  // Example: "# CRITICAL: Chinese Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY"
+  // Example: "# ⚠️ CRITICAL: 日本語 Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY ⚠️"
+  const headingMatch = content.match(
+    /^#.*?CRITICAL:\s*(.*?)\s+Output Language Rule\b/im,
+  );
+  if (headingMatch?.[1]) {
+    const lang = headingMatch[1].trim();
+    if (lang) return lang;
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the LLM output language rule file on first startup.
+ * If the file already exists, it is not overwritten (respects user preference).
+ */
+export function initializeLlmOutputLanguage(): void {
+  const filePath = getLlmOutputLanguageRulePath();
+
+  // Skip if file already exists (user preference)
+  if (fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Detect system language and map to language name
+  const detectedLocale = detectSystemLanguage();
+  const languageName = getLanguageNameFromLocale(detectedLocale);
+
+  // Generate the rule file
+  const content = generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(languageName);
+
+  // Ensure directory exists
+  const dir = path.dirname(filePath);
+  fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+
+  // Write file
+  fs.writeFileSync(filePath, content, 'utf-8');
+}
+
 /**
  * Gets the current LLM output language from the rule file if it exists.
  */
@@ -81,12 +176,7 @@ function getCurrentLlmOutputLanguage(): string | null {
   if (fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
     try {
       const content = fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf-8');
-      // Extract language name from the first line
-      // Template format: "# CRITICAL: Chinese Output Language Rule - HIGHEST PRIORITY"
-      const match = content.match(/^#.*?(\w+)\s+Output Language Rule/i);
-      if (match) {
-        return match[1];
-      }
+      return extractLlmOutputLanguageFromRuleFileContent(content);
     } catch {
       // Ignore errors
     }
@@ -127,18 +217,11 @@ async function setUiLanguage(
   // Reload commands to update their descriptions with the new language
   context.ui.reloadCommands();
 
-  // Map language codes to friendly display names
-  const langDisplayNames: Partial<Record<SupportedLanguage, string>> = {
-    zh: '中文（zh-CN）',
-    en: 'English（en-US）',
-    ru: 'Русский (ru-RU)',
-  };
-
   return {
     type: 'message',
     messageType: 'info',
     content: t('UI language changed to {{lang}}', {
-      lang: langDisplayNames[lang] || lang,
+      lang: formatUiLanguageDisplay(lang),
     }),
   };
 }
@@ -151,7 +234,9 @@ function generateLlmOutputLanguageRuleFile(
 ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> {
   try {
     const filePath = getLlmOutputLanguageRulePath();
-    const content = generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(language);
+    // Normalize locale codes (e.g., "ru" -> "Russian") to full language names
+    const normalizedLanguage = normalizeLanguageName(language);
+    const content = generateLlmOutputLanguageRule(normalizedLanguage);
 
     // Ensure directory exists
     const dir = path.dirname(filePath);
@@ -196,7 +281,6 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
     args: string,
   ): Promise<SlashCommandActionReturn> => {
     const { services } = context;
-
     if (!services.config) {
       return {
         type: 'message',
@@ -207,18 +291,37 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
     const trimmedArgs = args.trim();
 
+    // Handle subcommands if called directly via action (for tests/backward compatibility)
+    const parts = trimmedArgs.split(/\s+/);
+    const firstArg = parts[0].toLowerCase();
+    const subArgs = parts.slice(1).join(' ');
+
+    if (firstArg === 'ui' || firstArg === 'output') {
+      const subCommand = languageCommand.subCommands?.find(
+        (s) => s.name === firstArg,
+      );
+      if (subCommand?.action) {
+        return subCommand.action(
+          context,
+          subArgs,
+        ) as Promise<SlashCommandActionReturn>;
+      }
+    }
+
     // If no arguments, show current language settings and usage
     if (!trimmedArgs) {
       const currentUiLang = getCurrentLanguage();
       const currentLlmLang = getCurrentLlmOutputLanguage();
       const message = [
-        t('Current UI language: {{lang}}', { lang: currentUiLang }),
+        t('Current UI language: {{lang}}', {
+          lang: formatUiLanguageDisplay(currentUiLang as SupportedLanguage),
+        }),
         currentLlmLang
           ? t('Current LLM output language: {{lang}}', { lang: currentLlmLang })
           : t('LLM output language not set'),
         '',
         t('Available subcommands:'),
-        `  /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU] - ${t('Set UI language')}`,
+        `  /language ui [${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join('|')}] - ${t('Set UI language')}`,
         `  /language output <language> - ${t('Set LLM output language')}`,
       ].join('\n');
 
@@ -229,115 +332,21 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
       };
     }
 
-    // Parse subcommand
-    const parts = trimmedArgs.split(/\s+/);
-    const subcommand = parts[0].toLowerCase();
-
-    if (subcommand === 'ui') {
-      // Handle /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU]
-      if (parts.length === 1) {
-        // Show UI language subcommand help
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'info',
-          content: [
-            t('Set UI language'),
-            '',
-            t('Usage: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU]'),
-            '',
-            t('Available options:'),
-            t('  - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese'),
-            t('  - en-US: English'),
-            t('  - ru-RU: Russian'),
-            '',
-            t(
-              'To request additional UI language packs, please open an issue on GitHub.',
-            ),
-          ].join('\n'),
-        };
-      }
-
-      const langArg = parts[1].toLowerCase();
-      let targetLang: SupportedLanguage | null = null;
-
-      if (langArg === 'en' || langArg === 'english' || langArg === 'en-us') {
-        targetLang = 'en';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'zh' ||
-        langArg === 'chinese' ||
-        langArg === '中文' ||
-        langArg === 'zh-cn'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'zh';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'ru' ||
-        langArg === 'ru-RU' ||
-        langArg === 'russian' ||
-        langArg === 'русский'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'ru';
-      } else {
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'error',
-          content: t('Invalid language. Available: en-US, zh-CN, ru-RU'),
-        };
-      }
-
-      return setUiLanguage(context, targetLang);
-    } else if (subcommand === 'output') {
-      // Handle /language output <language>
-      if (parts.length === 1) {
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'info',
-          content: [
-            t('Set LLM output language'),
-            '',
-            t('Usage: /language output <language>'),
-            `  ${t('Example: /language output 中文')}`,
-          ].join('\n'),
-        };
-      }
-
-      // Join all parts after "output" as the language name
-      const language = parts.slice(1).join(' ');
-      return generateLlmOutputLanguageRuleFile(language);
-    } else {
-      // Backward compatibility: treat as UI language
-      const langArg = trimmedArgs.toLowerCase();
-      let targetLang: SupportedLanguage | null = null;
-
-      if (langArg === 'en' || langArg === 'english' || langArg === 'en-us') {
-        targetLang = 'en';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'zh' ||
-        langArg === 'chinese' ||
-        langArg === '中文' ||
-        langArg === 'zh-cn'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'zh';
-      } else if (
-        langArg === 'ru' ||
-        langArg === 'ru-RU' ||
-        langArg === 'russian' ||
-        langArg === 'русский'
-      ) {
-        targetLang = 'ru';
-      } else {
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'error',
-          content: [
-            t('Invalid command. Available subcommands:'),
-            '  - /language ui [zh-CN|en-US|ru-RU] - ' + t('Set UI language'),
-            '  - /language output <language> - ' + t('Set LLM output language'),
-          ].join('\n'),
-        };
-      }
-
+    // Handle backward compatibility for /language [lang]
+    const targetLang = parseUiLanguageArg(trimmedArgs);
+    if (targetLang) {
       return setUiLanguage(context, targetLang);
     }
+
+    return {
+      type: 'message',
+      messageType: 'error',
+      content: [
+        t('Invalid command. Available subcommands:'),
+        `  - /language ui [${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join('|')}] - ${t('Set UI language')}`,
+        '  - /language output <language> - ' + t('Set LLM output language'),
+      ].join('\n'),
+    };
   },
   subCommands: [
     {
@@ -358,11 +367,14 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
             content: [
               t('Set UI language'),
               '',
-              t('Usage: /language ui [zh-CN|en-US]'),
+              t('Usage: /language ui [{{options}}]', {
+                options: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join('|'),
+              }),
               '',
               t('Available options:'),
-              t('  - zh-CN: Simplified Chinese'),
-              t('  - en-US: English'),
+              ...SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map(
+                (o) => `  - ${o.id}: ${t(o.fullName)}`,
+              ),
               '',
               t(
                 'To request additional UI language packs, please open an issue on GitHub.',
@@ -371,99 +383,20 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
           };
         }
 
-        const langArg = trimmedArgs.toLowerCase();
-        let targetLang: SupportedLanguage | null = null;
-
-        if (langArg === 'en' || langArg === 'english' || langArg === 'en-us') {
-          targetLang = 'en';
-        } else if (
-          langArg === 'zh' ||
-          langArg === 'chinese' ||
-          langArg === '中文' ||
-          langArg === 'zh-cn'
-        ) {
-          targetLang = 'zh';
-        } else {
+        const targetLang = parseUiLanguageArg(trimmedArgs);
+        if (!targetLang) {
           return {
             type: 'message',
             messageType: 'error',
-            content: t('Invalid language. Available: en-US, zh-CN'),
+            content: t('Invalid language. Available: {{options}}', {
+              options: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map((o) => o.id).join(','),
+            }),
           };
         }
 
         return setUiLanguage(context, targetLang);
       },
-      subCommands: [
-        {
-          name: 'zh-CN',
-          altNames: ['zh', 'chinese', '中文'],
-          get description() {
-            return t('Set UI language to Simplified Chinese (zh-CN)');
-          },
-          kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
-          action: async (
-            context: CommandContext,
-            args: string,
-          ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> => {
-            if (args.trim().length > 0) {
-              return {
-                type: 'message',
-                messageType: 'error',
-                content: t(
-                  'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
-                ),
-              };
-            }
-            return setUiLanguage(context, 'zh');
-          },
-        },
-        {
-          name: 'en-US',
-          altNames: ['en', 'english'],
-          get description() {
-            return t('Set UI language to English (en-US)');
-          },
-          kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
-          action: async (
-            context: CommandContext,
-            args: string,
-          ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> => {
-            if (args.trim().length > 0) {
-              return {
-                type: 'message',
-                messageType: 'error',
-                content: t(
-                  'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
-                ),
-              };
-            }
-            return setUiLanguage(context, 'en');
-          },
-        },
-        {
-          name: 'ru-RU',
-          altNames: ['ru', 'russian', 'русский'],
-          get description() {
-            return t('Set UI language to Russian (ru-RU)');
-          },
-          kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
-          action: async (
-            context: CommandContext,
-            args: string,
-          ): Promise<MessageActionReturn> => {
-            if (args.trim().length > 0) {
-              return {
-                type: 'message',
-                messageType: 'error',
-                content: t(
-                  'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
-                ),
-              };
-            }
-            return setUiLanguage(context, 'ru');
-          },
-        },
-      ],
+      subCommands: SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.map(createUiLanguageSubCommand),
     },
     {
       name: 'output',
@@ -496,3 +429,28 @@ export const languageCommand: SlashCommand = {
     },
   ],
 };
+
+/**
+ * Helper to create a UI language subcommand.
+ */
+function createUiLanguageSubCommand(option: LanguageDefinition): SlashCommand {
+  return {
+    name: option.id,
+    get description() {
+      return t('Set UI language to {{name}}', { name: option.fullName });
+    },
+    kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+    action: async (context, args) => {
+      if (args.trim().length > 0) {
+        return {
+          type: 'message',
+          messageType: 'error',
+          content: t(
+            'Language subcommands do not accept additional arguments.',
+          ),
+        };
+      }
+      return setUiLanguage(context, option.code);
+    },
+  };
+}

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/summaryCommand.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
   action: async (context): Promise<SlashCommandActionReturn> => {
     const { config } = context.services;
     const { ui } = context;
+    const executionMode = context.executionMode ?? 'interactive';
+
     if (!config) {
       return {
         type: 'message',
@@ -43,8 +45,8 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
       };
     }
 
-    // Check if already generating summary
-    if (ui.pendingItem) {
+    // Check if already generating summary (interactive UI only)
+    if (executionMode === 'interactive' && ui.pendingItem) {
       ui.addItem(
         {
           type: 'error' as const,
@@ -63,29 +65,22 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
       };
     }
 
-    try {
-      // Get the current chat history
+    const getChatHistory = () => {
       const chat = geminiClient.getChat();
-      const history = chat.getHistory();
+      return chat.getHistory();
+    };
 
+    const validateChatHistory = (
+      history: ReturnType<typeof getChatHistory>,
+    ) => {
       if (history.length <= 2) {
-        return {
-          type: 'message',
-          messageType: 'info',
-          content: t('No conversation found to summarize.'),
-        };
+        throw new Error(t('No conversation found to summarize.'));
       }
+    };
 
-      // Show loading state
-      const pendingMessage: HistoryItemSummary = {
-        type: 'summary',
-        summary: {
-          isPending: true,
-          stage: 'generating',
-        },
-      };
-      ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
-
+    const generateSummaryMarkdown = async (
+      history: ReturnType<typeof getChatHistory>,
+    ): Promise<string> => {
       // Build the conversation context for summary generation
       const conversationContext = history.map((message) => ({
         role: message.role,
@@ -121,19 +116,21 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
       if (!markdownSummary) {
         throw new Error(
-          'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response',
+          t(
+            'Failed to generate summary - no text content received from LLM response',
+          ),
         );
       }
 
-      // Update loading message to show saving progress
-      ui.setPendingItem({
-        type: 'summary',
-        summary: {
-          isPending: true,
-          stage: 'saving',
-        },
-      });
+      return markdownSummary;
+    };
 
+    const saveSummaryToDisk = async (
+      markdownSummary: string,
+    ): Promise<{
+      filePathForDisplay: string;
+      fullPath: string;
+    }> => {
       // Ensure .qwen directory exists
       const projectRoot = config.getProjectRoot();
       const qwenDir = path.join(projectRoot, '.qwen');
@@ -155,45 +152,163 @@ export const summaryCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
       await fsPromises.writeFile(summaryPath, summaryContent, 'utf8');
 
-      // Clear pending item and show success message
+      return {
+        filePathForDisplay: '.qwen/PROJECT_SUMMARY.md',
+        fullPath: summaryPath,
+      };
+    };
+
+    const emitInteractivePending = (stage: 'generating' | 'saving') => {
+      if (executionMode !== 'interactive') {
+        return;
+      }
+      const pendingMessage: HistoryItemSummary = {
+        type: 'summary',
+        summary: {
+          isPending: true,
+          stage,
+        },
+      };
+      ui.setPendingItem(pendingMessage);
+    };
+
+    const completeInteractive = (filePathForDisplay: string) => {
+      if (executionMode !== 'interactive') {
+        return;
+      }
       ui.setPendingItem(null);
       const completedSummaryItem: HistoryItemSummary = {
         type: 'summary',
         summary: {
           isPending: false,
           stage: 'completed',
-          filePath: '.qwen/PROJECT_SUMMARY.md',
+          filePath: filePathForDisplay,
         },
       };
       ui.addItem(completedSummaryItem, Date.now());
+    };
 
-      return {
-        type: 'message',
-        messageType: 'info',
-        content: '', // Empty content since we show the message in UI component
-      };
-    } catch (error) {
-      // Clear pending item on error
+    const formatErrorMessage = (error: unknown): string =>
+      t('Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}', {
+        error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
+      });
+
+    const failInteractive = (error: unknown) => {
+      if (executionMode !== 'interactive') {
+        return;
+      }
       ui.setPendingItem(null);
       ui.addItem(
         {
           type: 'error' as const,
-          text: `❌ ${t(
-            'Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}',
-            {
-              error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-            },
-          )}`,
+          text: `❌ ${formatErrorMessage(error)}`,
         },
         Date.now(),
       );
+    };
+
+    const formatSuccessMessage = (filePathForDisplay: string): string =>
+      t('Saved project summary to {{filePathForDisplay}}.', {
+        filePathForDisplay,
+      });
+
+    const returnNoConversationMessage = (): SlashCommandActionReturn => {
+      const msg = t('No conversation found to summarize.');
+      if (executionMode === 'acp') {
+        const messages = async function* () {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: msg,
+          };
+        };
+        return {
+          type: 'stream_messages',
+          messages: messages(),
+        };
+      }
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: msg,
+      };
+    };
+
+    const executeSummaryGeneration = async (
+      history: ReturnType<typeof getChatHistory>,
+    ): Promise<{
+      markdownSummary: string;
+      filePathForDisplay: string;
+    }> => {
+      emitInteractivePending('generating');
+      const markdownSummary = await generateSummaryMarkdown(history);
+      emitInteractivePending('saving');
+      const { filePathForDisplay } = await saveSummaryToDisk(markdownSummary);
+      completeInteractive(filePathForDisplay);
+      return { markdownSummary, filePathForDisplay };
+    };
+
+    // Validate chat history once at the beginning
+    const history = getChatHistory();
+    try {
+      validateChatHistory(history);
+    } catch (_error) {
+      return returnNoConversationMessage();
+    }
+
+    if (executionMode === 'acp') {
+      const messages = async function* () {
+        try {
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: t('Generating project summary...'),
+          };
+
+          const { filePathForDisplay } =
+            await executeSummaryGeneration(history);
+
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'info' as const,
+            content: formatSuccessMessage(filePathForDisplay),
+          };
+        } catch (error) {
+          failInteractive(error);
+          yield {
+            messageType: 'error' as const,
+            content: formatErrorMessage(error),
+          };
+        }
+      };
+
+      return {
+        type: 'stream_messages',
+        messages: messages(),
+      };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const { filePathForDisplay } = await executeSummaryGeneration(history);
+
+      if (executionMode === 'non_interactive') {
+        return {
+          type: 'message',
+          messageType: 'info',
+          content: formatSuccessMessage(filePathForDisplay),
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Interactive mode: UI components already display progress and completion.
+      return {
+        type: 'message',
+        messageType: 'info',
+        content: '',
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      failInteractive(error);
 
       return {
         type: 'message',
         messageType: 'error',
-        content: t('Failed to generate project context summary: {{error}}', {
-          error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
-        }),
+        content: formatErrorMessage(error),
       };
     }
   },

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/types.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@ import type {
 
 // Grouped dependencies for clarity and easier mocking
 export interface CommandContext {
+  /**
+   * Execution mode for the current invocation.
+   *
+   * - interactive: React/Ink UI mode
+   * - non_interactive: non-interactive CLI mode (text/json)
+   * - acp: ACP/Zed integration mode
+   */
+  executionMode?: 'interactive' | 'non_interactive' | 'acp';
   // Invocation properties for when commands are called.
   invocation?: {
     /** The raw, untrimmed input string from the user. */
@@ -108,6 +116,19 @@ export interface MessageActionReturn {
   content: string;
 }
 
+/**
+ * The return type for a command action that streams multiple messages.
+ * Used for long-running operations that need to send progress updates.
+ */
+export interface StreamMessagesActionReturn {
+  type: 'stream_messages';
+  messages: AsyncGenerator<
+    { messageType: 'info' | 'error'; content: string },
+    void,
+    unknown
+  >;
+}
+
 /**
  * The return type for a command action that needs to open a dialog.
  */
@@ -174,6 +195,7 @@ export interface ConfirmActionReturn {
 export type SlashCommandActionReturn =
   | ToolActionReturn
   | MessageActionReturn
+  | StreamMessagesActionReturn
   | QuitActionReturn
   | OpenDialogActionReturn
   | LoadHistoryActionReturn

packages/cli/src/ui/components/DialogManager.tsx

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import { AuthDialog } from '../auth/AuthDialog.js';
 import { OpenAIKeyPrompt } from './OpenAIKeyPrompt.js';
 import { EditorSettingsDialog } from './EditorSettingsDialog.js';
 import { WorkspaceMigrationDialog } from './WorkspaceMigrationDialog.js';
-import { ProQuotaDialog } from './ProQuotaDialog.js';
 import { PermissionsModifyTrustDialog } from './PermissionsModifyTrustDialog.js';
 import { ModelDialog } from './ModelDialog.js';
 import { ApprovalModeDialog } from './ApprovalModeDialog.js';
@@ -87,15 +86,6 @@ export const DialogManager = ({
       />
     );
   }
-  if (uiState.proQuotaRequest) {
-    return (
-      <ProQuotaDialog
-        failedModel={uiState.proQuotaRequest.failedModel}
-        fallbackModel={uiState.proQuotaRequest.fallbackModel}
-        onChoice={uiActions.handleProQuotaChoice}
-      />
-    );
-  }
   if (uiState.shouldShowIdePrompt) {
     return (
       <IdeIntegrationNudge

packages/cli/src/ui/components/ProQuotaDialog.test.tsx

@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- */
-
-import { render } from 'ink-testing-library';
-import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mock } from 'vitest';
-import { ProQuotaDialog } from './ProQuotaDialog.js';
-import { RadioButtonSelect } from './shared/RadioButtonSelect.js';
-
-// Mock the child component to make it easier to test the parent
-vi.mock('./shared/RadioButtonSelect.js', () => ({
-  RadioButtonSelect: vi.fn(),
-}));
-
-describe('ProQuotaDialog', () => {
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-  });
-
-  it('should render with correct title and options', () => {
-    const { lastFrame } = render(
-      <ProQuotaDialog
-        failedModel="gemini-2.5-pro"
-        fallbackModel="gemini-2.5-flash"
-        onChoice={() => {}}
-      />,
-    );
-
-    const output = lastFrame();
-    expect(output).toContain('Pro quota limit reached for gemini-2.5-pro.');
-
-    // Check that RadioButtonSelect was called with the correct items
-    expect(RadioButtonSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      expect.objectContaining({
-        items: [
-          {
-            label: 'Change auth (executes the /auth command)',
-            value: 'auth',
-            key: 'auth',
-          },
-          {
-            label: `Continue with gemini-2.5-flash`,
-            value: 'continue',
-            key: 'continue',
-          },
-        ],
-      }),
-      undefined,
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('should call onChoice with "auth" when "Change auth" is selected', () => {
-    const mockOnChoice = vi.fn();
-    render(
-      <ProQuotaDialog
-        failedModel="gemini-2.5-pro"
-        fallbackModel="gemini-2.5-flash"
-        onChoice={mockOnChoice}
-      />,
-    );
-
-    // Get the onSelect function passed to RadioButtonSelect
-    const onSelect = (RadioButtonSelect as Mock).mock.calls[0][0].onSelect;
-
-    // Simulate the selection
-    onSelect('auth');
-
-    expect(mockOnChoice).toHaveBeenCalledWith('auth');
-  });
-
-  it('should call onChoice with "continue" when "Continue with flash" is selected', () => {
-    const mockOnChoice = vi.fn();
-    render(
-      <ProQuotaDialog
-        failedModel="gemini-2.5-pro"
-        fallbackModel="gemini-2.5-flash"
-        onChoice={mockOnChoice}
-      />,
-    );
-
-    // Get the onSelect function passed to RadioButtonSelect
-    const onSelect = (RadioButtonSelect as Mock).mock.calls[0][0].onSelect;
-
-    // Simulate the selection
-    onSelect('continue');
-
-    expect(mockOnChoice).toHaveBeenCalledWith('continue');
-  });
-});

packages/cli/src/ui/components/ProQuotaDialog.tsx

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- */
-
-import type React from 'react';
-import { Box, Text } from 'ink';
-import { RadioButtonSelect } from './shared/RadioButtonSelect.js';
-import { theme } from '../semantic-colors.js';
-import { t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
-
-interface ProQuotaDialogProps {
-  failedModel: string;
-  fallbackModel: string;
-  onChoice: (choice: 'auth' | 'continue') => void;
-}
-
-export function ProQuotaDialog({
-  failedModel,
-  fallbackModel,
-  onChoice,
-}: ProQuotaDialogProps): React.JSX.Element {
-  const items = [
-    {
-      label: t('Change auth (executes the /auth command)'),
-      value: 'auth' as const,
-      key: 'auth',
-    },
-    {
-      label: t('Continue with {{model}}', { model: fallbackModel }),
-      value: 'continue' as const,
-      key: 'continue',
-    },
-  ];
-
-  const handleSelect = (choice: 'auth' | 'continue') => {
-    onChoice(choice);
-  };
-
-  return (
-    <Box borderStyle="round" flexDirection="column" paddingX={1}>
-      <Text bold color={theme.status.warning}>
-        {t('Pro quota limit reached for {{model}}.', { model: failedModel })}
-      </Text>
-      <Box marginTop={1}>
-        <RadioButtonSelect
-          items={items}
-          initialIndex={1}
-          onSelect={handleSelect}
-        />
-      </Box>
-    </Box>
-  );
-}

packages/cli/src/ui/contexts/UIActionsContext.tsx

@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ export interface UIActions {
   handleClearScreen: () => void;
   onWorkspaceMigrationDialogOpen: () => void;
   onWorkspaceMigrationDialogClose: () => void;
-  handleProQuotaChoice: (choice: 'auth' | 'continue') => void;
   // Vision switch dialog
   handleVisionSwitchSelect: (outcome: VisionSwitchOutcome) => void;
   // Welcome back dialog

packages/cli/src/ui/contexts/UIStateContext.tsx

@@ -22,21 +22,13 @@ import type {
   AuthType,
   IdeContext,
   ApprovalMode,
-  UserTierId,
   IdeInfo,
-  FallbackIntent,
 } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 import type { DOMElement } from 'ink';
 import type { SessionStatsState } from '../contexts/SessionContext.js';
 import type { ExtensionUpdateState } from '../state/extensions.js';
 import type { UpdateObject } from '../utils/updateCheck.js';
 
-export interface ProQuotaDialogRequest {
-  failedModel: string;
-  fallbackModel: string;
-  resolve: (intent: FallbackIntent) => void;
-}
-
 import { type UseHistoryManagerReturn } from '../hooks/useHistoryManager.js';
 import { type RestartReason } from '../hooks/useIdeTrustListener.js';
 
@@ -99,8 +91,6 @@ export interface UIState {
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
   workspaceExtensions: any[]; // Extension[]
   // Quota-related state
-  userTier: UserTierId | undefined;
-  proQuotaRequest: ProQuotaDialogRequest | null;
   currentModel: string;
   contextFileNames: string[];
   errorCount: number;

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/slashCommandProcessor.ts

@@ -520,6 +520,13 @@ export const useSlashCommandProcessor = (
                     true,
                   );
                 }
+                case 'stream_messages': {
+                  // stream_messages is only used in ACP/Zed integration mode
+                  // and should not be returned in interactive UI mode
+                  throw new Error(
+                    'stream_messages result type is not supported in interactive mode',
+                  );
+                }
                 default: {
                   const unhandled: never = result;
                   throw new Error(

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useGeminiStream.test.tsx

@@ -1323,7 +1323,7 @@ describe('useGeminiStream', () => {
     it('should call parseAndFormatApiError with the correct authType on stream initialization failure', async () => {
       // 1. Setup
       const mockError = new Error('Rate limit exceeded');
-      const mockAuthType = AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE;
+      const mockAuthType = AuthType.USE_VERTEX_AI;
       mockParseAndFormatApiError.mockClear();
       mockSendMessageStream.mockReturnValue(
         (async function* () {
@@ -1374,9 +1374,6 @@ describe('useGeminiStream', () => {
         expect(mockParseAndFormatApiError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
           'Rate limit exceeded',
           mockAuthType,
-          undefined,
-          'gemini-2.5-pro',
-          'gemini-2.5-flash',
         );
       });
     });
@@ -2493,9 +2490,6 @@ describe('useGeminiStream', () => {
       expect(mockParseAndFormatApiError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         { message: 'Test error' },
         expect.any(String),
-        undefined,
-        'gemini-2.5-pro',
-        'gemini-2.5-flash',
       );
     });
   });

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useGeminiStream.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import {
   GitService,
   UnauthorizedError,
   UserPromptEvent,
-  DEFAULT_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL,
   logConversationFinishedEvent,
   ConversationFinishedEvent,
   ApprovalMode,
@@ -527,10 +526,15 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
         return currentThoughtBuffer;
       }
 
-      const newThoughtBuffer = currentThoughtBuffer + thoughtText;
+      let newThoughtBuffer = currentThoughtBuffer + thoughtText;
+
+      const pendingType = pendingHistoryItemRef.current?.type;
+      const isPendingThought =
+        pendingType === 'gemini_thought' ||
+        pendingType === 'gemini_thought_content';
 
       // If we're not already showing a thought, start a new one
-      if (pendingHistoryItemRef.current?.type !== 'gemini_thought') {
+      if (!isPendingThought) {
         // If there's a pending non-thought item, finalize it first
         if (pendingHistoryItemRef.current) {
           addItem(pendingHistoryItemRef.current, userMessageTimestamp);
@@ -538,11 +542,37 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
         setPendingHistoryItem({ type: 'gemini_thought', text: '' });
       }
 
-      // Update the existing thought message with accumulated content
-      setPendingHistoryItem({
-        type: 'gemini_thought',
-        text: newThoughtBuffer,
-      });
+      // Split large thought messages for better rendering performance (same rationale
+      // as regular content streaming). This helps avoid terminal flicker caused by
+      // constantly re-rendering an ever-growing "pending" block.
+      const splitPoint = findLastSafeSplitPoint(newThoughtBuffer);
+      const nextPendingType: 'gemini_thought' | 'gemini_thought_content' =
+        isPendingThought && pendingType === 'gemini_thought_content'
+          ? 'gemini_thought_content'
+          : 'gemini_thought';
+
+      if (splitPoint === newThoughtBuffer.length) {
+        // Update the existing thought message with accumulated content
+        setPendingHistoryItem({
+          type: nextPendingType,
+          text: newThoughtBuffer,
+        });
+      } else {
+        const beforeText = newThoughtBuffer.substring(0, splitPoint);
+        const afterText = newThoughtBuffer.substring(splitPoint);
+        addItem(
+          {
+            type: nextPendingType,
+            text: beforeText,
+          },
+          userMessageTimestamp,
+        );
+        setPendingHistoryItem({
+          type: 'gemini_thought_content',
+          text: afterText,
+        });
+        newThoughtBuffer = afterText;
+      }
 
       // Also update the thought state for the loading indicator
       mergeThought(eventValue);
@@ -600,9 +630,6 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
           text: parseAndFormatApiError(
             eventValue.error,
             config.getContentGeneratorConfig()?.authType,
-            undefined,
-            config.getModel(),
-            DEFAULT_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL,
           ),
         },
         userMessageTimestamp,
@@ -654,6 +681,9 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
           'Response stopped due to image safety violations.',
         [FinishReason.UNEXPECTED_TOOL_CALL]:
           'Response stopped due to unexpected tool call.',
+        [FinishReason.IMAGE_PROHIBITED_CONTENT]:
+          'Response stopped due to image prohibited content.',
+        [FinishReason.NO_IMAGE]: 'Response stopped due to no image.',
       };
 
       const message = finishReasonMessages[finishReason];
@@ -770,11 +800,17 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
       for await (const event of stream) {
         switch (event.type) {
           case ServerGeminiEventType.Thought:
-            thoughtBuffer = handleThoughtEvent(
-              event.value,
-              thoughtBuffer,
-              userMessageTimestamp,
-            );
+            // If the thought has a subject, it's a discrete status update rather than
+            // a streamed textual thought, so we update the thought state directly.
+            if (event.value.subject) {
+              setThought(event.value);
+            } else {
+              thoughtBuffer = handleThoughtEvent(
+                event.value,
+                thoughtBuffer,
+                userMessageTimestamp,
+              );
+            }
             break;
           case ServerGeminiEventType.Content:
             geminiMessageBuffer = handleContentEvent(
@@ -845,6 +881,7 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
       handleMaxSessionTurnsEvent,
       handleSessionTokenLimitExceededEvent,
       handleCitationEvent,
+      setThought,
     ],
   );
 
@@ -987,9 +1024,6 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
                 text: parseAndFormatApiError(
                   getErrorMessage(error) || 'Unknown error',
                   config.getContentGeneratorConfig()?.authType,
-                  undefined,
-                  config.getModel(),
-                  DEFAULT_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL,
                 ),
               },
               userMessageTimestamp,

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useLoadingIndicator.test.ts

@@ -8,19 +8,22 @@ import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { useLoadingIndicator } from './useLoadingIndicator.js';
 import { StreamingState } from '../types.js';
-import {
-  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES,
-  PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS,
-} from './usePhraseCycler.js';
+import { PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS } from './usePhraseCycler.js';
+import * as i18n from '../../i18n/index.js';
+
+const MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES = ['Phrase 1', 'Phrase 2', 'Phrase 3'];
 
 describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 'ta').mockReturnValue(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES);
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 't').mockImplementation((key) => key);
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
     vi.useRealTimers(); // Restore real timers after each test
     act(() => vi.runOnlyPendingTimers);
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
   });
 
   it('should initialize with default values when Idle', () => {
@@ -28,9 +31,7 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
       useLoadingIndicator(StreamingState.Idle),
     );
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0);
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
   });
 
   it('should reflect values when Responding', async () => {
@@ -40,18 +41,14 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
 
     // Initial state before timers advance
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0);
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
 
     await act(async () => {
       await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS + 1);
     });
 
     // Phrase should cycle if PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS has passed
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
   });
 
   it('should show waiting phrase and retain elapsedTime when WaitingForConfirmation', async () => {
@@ -104,9 +101,7 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
       rerender({ streamingState: StreamingState.Responding });
     });
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0); // Should reset
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
 
     await act(async () => {
       await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(1000);
@@ -130,9 +125,7 @@ describe('useLoadingIndicator', () => {
     });
 
     expect(result.current.elapsedTime).toBe(0);
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(
-      result.current.currentLoadingPhrase,
-    );
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current.currentLoadingPhrase);
 
     // Timer should not advance
     await act(async () => {

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/usePhraseCycler.test.ts

@@ -8,13 +8,17 @@ import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import { renderHook, act } from '@testing-library/react';
 import {
   usePhraseCycler,
-  WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES,
   PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS,
 } from './usePhraseCycler.js';
+import * as i18n from '../../i18n/index.js';
+
+const MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES = ['Phrase 1', 'Phrase 2', 'Phrase 3'];
 
 describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 'ta').mockReturnValue(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES);
+    vi.spyOn(i18n, 't').mockImplementation((key) => key);
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
@@ -23,7 +27,7 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
   it('should initialize with a witty phrase when not active and not waiting', () => {
     const { result } = renderHook(() => usePhraseCycler(false, false));
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should show "Waiting for user confirmation..." when isWaiting is true', () => {
@@ -47,35 +51,30 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
   it('should cycle through witty phrases when isActive is true and not waiting', () => {
     const { result } = renderHook(() => usePhraseCycler(true, false));
     // Initial phrase should be one of the witty phrases
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
     const _initialPhrase = result.current;
 
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
     });
     // Phrase should change and be one of the witty phrases
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
 
     const _secondPhrase = result.current;
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
     });
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should reset to a witty phrase when isActive becomes true after being false (and not waiting)', () => {
-    // Ensure there are at least two phrases for this test to be meaningful.
-    if (WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.length < 2) {
-      return;
-    }
-
     // Mock Math.random to make the test deterministic.
     let callCount = 0;
     vi.spyOn(Math, 'random').mockImplementation(() => {
       // Cycle through 0, 1, 0, 1, ...
       const val = callCount % 2;
       callCount++;
-      return val / WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.length;
+      return val / MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES.length;
     });
 
     const { result, rerender } = renderHook(
@@ -86,9 +85,9 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
     // Activate
     rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false });
     const firstActivePhrase = result.current;
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(firstActivePhrase);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(firstActivePhrase);
     // With our mock, this should be the first phrase.
-    expect(firstActivePhrase).toBe(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES[0]);
+    expect(firstActivePhrase).toBe(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES[0]);
 
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
@@ -96,18 +95,18 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
     // Phrase should change to the second phrase.
     expect(result.current).not.toBe(firstActivePhrase);
-    expect(result.current).toBe(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES[1]);
+    expect(result.current).toBe(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES[1]);
 
     // Set to inactive - should reset to the default initial phrase
     rerender({ isActive: false, isWaiting: false });
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
 
     // Set back to active - should pick a random witty phrase (which our mock controls)
     act(() => {
       rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false });
     });
     // The random mock will now return 0, so it should be the first phrase again.
-    expect(result.current).toBe(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES[0]);
+    expect(result.current).toBe(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES[0]);
   });
 
   it('should clear phrase interval on unmount when active', () => {
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
     rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false, customPhrases: undefined });
 
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should fall back to witty phrases if custom phrases are an empty array', () => {
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
       },
     );
 
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 
   it('should reset to a witty phrase when transitioning from waiting to active', () => {
@@ -174,16 +173,13 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
     );
 
     const _initialPhrase = result.current;
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(_initialPhrase);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(_initialPhrase);
 
     // Cycle to a different phrase (potentially)
     act(() => {
       vi.advanceTimersByTime(PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS);
     });
-    if (WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.length > 1) {
-      // This check is probabilistic with random selection
-    }
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
 
     // Go to waiting state
     rerender({ isActive: false, isWaiting: true });
@@ -191,6 +187,6 @@ describe('usePhraseCycler', () => {
 
     // Go back to active cycling - should pick a random witty phrase
     rerender({ isActive: true, isWaiting: false });
-    expect(WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
+    expect(MOCK_WITTY_PHRASES).toContain(result.current);
   });
 });

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/usePhraseCycler.ts

@@ -5,139 +5,9 @@
  */
 
 import { useState, useEffect, useRef, useMemo } from 'react';
-import { t } from '../../i18n/index.js';
+import { t, ta } from '../../i18n/index.js';
 
-export const WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES = [
-  "I'm Feeling Lucky",
-  'Shipping awesomeness... ',
-  'Painting the serifs back on...',
-  'Navigating the slime mold...',
-  'Consulting the digital spirits...',
-  'Reticulating splines...',
-  'Warming up the AI hamsters...',
-  'Asking the magic conch shell...',
-  'Generating witty retort...',
-  'Polishing the algorithms...',
-  "Don't rush perfection (or my code)...",
-  'Brewing fresh bytes...',
-  'Counting electrons...',
-  'Engaging cognitive processors...',
-  'Checking for syntax errors in the universe...',
-  'One moment, optimizing humor...',
-  'Shuffling punchlines...',
-  'Untangling neural nets...',
-  'Compiling brilliance...',
-  'Loading wit.exe...',
-  'Summoning the cloud of wisdom...',
-  'Preparing a witty response...',
-  "Just a sec, I'm debugging reality...",
-  'Confuzzling the options...',
-  'Tuning the cosmic frequencies...',
-  'Crafting a response worthy of your patience...',
-  'Compiling the 1s and 0s...',
-  'Resolving dependencies... and existential crises...',
-  'Defragmenting memories... both RAM and personal...',
-  'Rebooting the humor module...',
-  'Caching the essentials (mostly cat memes)...',
-  'Optimizing for ludicrous speed',
-  "Swapping bits... don't tell the bytes...",
-  'Garbage collecting... be right back...',
-  'Assembling the interwebs...',
-  'Converting coffee into code...',
-  'Updating the syntax for reality...',
-  'Rewiring the synapses...',
-  'Looking for a misplaced semicolon...',
-  "Greasin' the cogs of the machine...",
-  'Pre-heating the servers...',
-  'Calibrating the flux capacitor...',
-  'Engaging the improbability drive...',
-  'Channeling the Force...',
-  'Aligning the stars for optimal response...',
-  'So say we all...',
-  'Loading the next great idea...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm in the zone...",
-  'Preparing to dazzle you with brilliance...',
-  "Just a tick, I'm polishing my wit...",
-  "Hold tight, I'm crafting a masterpiece...",
-  "Just a jiffy, I'm debugging the universe...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm aligning the pixels...",
-  "Just a sec, I'm optimizing the humor...",
-  "Just a moment, I'm tuning the algorithms...",
-  'Warp speed engaged...',
-  'Mining for more Dilithium crystals...',
-  "Don't panic...",
-  'Following the white rabbit...',
-  'The truth is in here... somewhere...',
-  'Blowing on the cartridge...',
-  'Loading... Do a barrel roll!',
-  'Waiting for the respawn...',
-  'Finishing the Kessel Run in less than 12 parsecs...',
-  "The cake is not a lie, it's just still loading...",
-  'Fiddling with the character creation screen...',
-  "Just a moment, I'm finding the right meme...",
-  "Pressing 'A' to continue...",
-  'Herding digital cats...',
-  'Polishing the pixels...',
-  'Finding a suitable loading screen pun...',
-  'Distracting you with this witty phrase...',
-  'Almost there... probably...',
-  'Our hamsters are working as fast as they can...',
-  'Giving Cloudy a pat on the head...',
-  'Petting the cat...',
-  'Rickrolling my boss...',
-  'Never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down...',
-  'Slapping the bass...',
-  'Tasting the snozberries...',
-  "I'm going the distance, I'm going for speed...",
-  'Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy?...',
-  "I've got a good feeling about this...",
-  'Poking the bear...',
-  'Doing research on the latest memes...',
-  'Figuring out how to make this more witty...',
-  'Hmmm... let me think...',
-  'What do you call a fish with no eyes? A fsh...',
-  'Why did the computer go to therapy? It had too many bytes...',
-  "Why don't programmers like nature? It has too many bugs...",
-  'Why do programmers prefer dark mode? Because light attracts bugs...',
-  'Why did the developer go broke? Because they used up all their cache...',
-  "What can you do with a broken pencil? Nothing, it's pointless...",
-  'Applying percussive maintenance...',
-  'Searching for the correct USB orientation...',
-  'Ensuring the magic smoke stays inside the wires...',
-  'Rewriting in Rust for no particular reason...',
-  'Trying to exit Vim...',
-  'Spinning up the hamster wheel...',
-  "That's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature...",
-  'Engage.',
-  "I'll be back... with an answer.",
-  'My other process is a TARDIS...',
-  'Communing with the machine spirit...',
-  'Letting the thoughts marinate...',
-  'Just remembered where I put my keys...',
-  'Pondering the orb...',
-  "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe... like a user who reads loading messages.",
-  'Initiating thoughtful gaze...',
-  "What's a computer's favorite snack? Microchips.",
-  "Why do Java developers wear glasses? Because they don't C#.",
-  'Charging the laser... pew pew!',
-  'Dividing by zero... just kidding!',
-  'Looking for an adult superviso... I mean, processing.',
-  'Making it go beep boop.',
-  'Buffering... because even AIs need a moment.',
-  'Entangling quantum particles for a faster response...',
-  'Polishing the chrome... on the algorithms.',
-  'Are you not entertained? (Working on it!)',
-  'Summoning the code gremlins... to help, of course.',
-  'Just waiting for the dial-up tone to finish...',
-  'Recalibrating the humor-o-meter.',
-  'My other loading screen is even funnier.',
-  "Pretty sure there's a cat walking on the keyboard somewhere...",
-  'Enhancing... Enhancing... Still loading.',
-  "It's not a bug, it's a feature... of this loading screen.",
-  'Have you tried turning it off and on again? (The loading screen, not me.)',
-  'Constructing additional pylons...',
-  'New line? That’s Ctrl+J.',
-];
+export const WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES: string[] = ["I'm Feeling Lucky"];
 
 export const PHRASE_CHANGE_INTERVAL_MS = 15000;
 
@@ -152,14 +22,16 @@ export const usePhraseCycler = (
   isWaiting: boolean,
   customPhrases?: string[],
 ) => {
-  // Translate all phrases at once if using default phrases
-  const loadingPhrases = useMemo(
-    () =>
-      customPhrases && customPhrases.length > 0
-        ? customPhrases
-        : WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES.map((phrase) => t(phrase)),
-    [customPhrases],
-  );
+  // Get phrases from translations if available
+  const loadingPhrases = useMemo(() => {
+    if (customPhrases && customPhrases.length > 0) {
+      return customPhrases;
+    }
+    const translatedPhrases = ta('WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES');
+    return translatedPhrases.length > 0
+      ? translatedPhrases
+      : WITTY_LOADING_PHRASES;
+  }, [customPhrases]);
 
   const [currentLoadingPhrase, setCurrentLoadingPhrase] = useState(
     loadingPhrases[0],

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useQuotaAndFallback.test.ts

@@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- */
-
-import {
-  vi,
-  describe,
-  it,
-  expect,
-  beforeEach,
-  afterEach,
-  type Mock,
-} from 'vitest';
-import { act, renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
-import {
-  type Config,
-  type FallbackModelHandler,
-  UserTierId,
-  AuthType,
-  isGenericQuotaExceededError,
-  isProQuotaExceededError,
-  makeFakeConfig,
-} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
-import { useQuotaAndFallback } from './useQuotaAndFallback.js';
-import type { UseHistoryManagerReturn } from './useHistoryManager.js';
-import { AuthState, MessageType } from '../types.js';
-
-// Mock the error checking functions from the core package to control test scenarios
-vi.mock('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core', async (importOriginal) => {
-  const original =
-    await importOriginal<typeof import('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core')>();
-  return {
-    ...original,
-    isGenericQuotaExceededError: vi.fn(),
-    isProQuotaExceededError: vi.fn(),
-  };
-});
-
-// Use a type alias for SpyInstance as it's not directly exported
-type SpyInstance = ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn>;
-
-describe('useQuotaAndFallback', () => {
-  let mockConfig: Config;
-  let mockHistoryManager: UseHistoryManagerReturn;
-  let mockSetAuthState: Mock;
-  let mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: Mock;
-  let setFallbackHandlerSpy: SpyInstance;
-
-  const mockedIsGenericQuotaExceededError = isGenericQuotaExceededError as Mock;
-  const mockedIsProQuotaExceededError = isProQuotaExceededError as Mock;
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    mockConfig = makeFakeConfig();
-
-    // Spy on the method that requires the private field and mock its return.
-    // This is cleaner than modifying the config class for tests.
-    vi.spyOn(mockConfig, 'getContentGeneratorConfig').mockReturnValue({
-      model: 'test-model',
-      authType: AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE,
-    });
-
-    mockHistoryManager = {
-      addItem: vi.fn(),
-      history: [],
-      updateItem: vi.fn(),
-      clearItems: vi.fn(),
-      loadHistory: vi.fn(),
-    };
-    mockSetAuthState = vi.fn();
-    mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError = vi.fn();
-
-    setFallbackHandlerSpy = vi.spyOn(mockConfig, 'setFallbackModelHandler');
-    vi.spyOn(mockConfig, 'setQuotaErrorOccurred');
-
-    mockedIsGenericQuotaExceededError.mockReturnValue(false);
-    mockedIsProQuotaExceededError.mockReturnValue(false);
-  });
-
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllMocks();
-  });
-
-  it('should register a fallback handler on initialization', () => {
-    renderHook(() =>
-      useQuotaAndFallback({
-        config: mockConfig,
-        historyManager: mockHistoryManager,
-        userTier: UserTierId.FREE,
-        setAuthState: mockSetAuthState,
-        setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-      }),
-    );
-
-    expect(setFallbackHandlerSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(setFallbackHandlerSpy.mock.calls[0][0]).toBeInstanceOf(Function);
-  });
-
-  describe('Fallback Handler Logic', () => {
-    // Helper function to render the hook and extract the registered handler
-    const getRegisteredHandler = (
-      userTier: UserTierId = UserTierId.FREE,
-    ): FallbackModelHandler => {
-      renderHook(
-        (props) =>
-          useQuotaAndFallback({
-            config: mockConfig,
-            historyManager: mockHistoryManager,
-            userTier: props.userTier,
-            setAuthState: mockSetAuthState,
-            setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-          }),
-        { initialProps: { userTier } },
-      );
-      return setFallbackHandlerSpy.mock.calls[0][0] as FallbackModelHandler;
-    };
-
-    it('should return null and take no action if already in fallback mode', async () => {
-      vi.spyOn(mockConfig, 'isInFallbackMode').mockReturnValue(true);
-      const handler = getRegisteredHandler();
-      const result = await handler('gemini-pro', 'gemini-flash', new Error());
-
-      expect(result).toBeNull();
-      expect(mockHistoryManager.addItem).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-
-    it('should return null and take no action if authType is not LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE', async () => {
-      // Override the default mock from beforeEach for this specific test
-      vi.spyOn(mockConfig, 'getContentGeneratorConfig').mockReturnValue({
-        model: 'test-model',
-        authType: AuthType.USE_GEMINI,
-      });
-
-      const handler = getRegisteredHandler();
-      const result = await handler('gemini-pro', 'gemini-flash', new Error());
-
-      expect(result).toBeNull();
-      expect(mockHistoryManager.addItem).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-
-    describe('Automatic Fallback Scenarios', () => {
-      const testCases = [
-        {
-          errorType: 'generic',
-          tier: UserTierId.FREE,
-          expectedMessageSnippets: [
-            'Automatically switching from model-A to model-B',
-            'upgrade to a Gemini Code Assist Standard or Enterprise plan',
-          ],
-        },
-        {
-          errorType: 'generic',
-          tier: UserTierId.STANDARD, // Paid tier
-          expectedMessageSnippets: [
-            'Automatically switching from model-A to model-B',
-            'switch to using a paid API key from AI Studio',
-          ],
-        },
-        {
-          errorType: 'other',
-          tier: UserTierId.FREE,
-          expectedMessageSnippets: [
-            'Automatically switching from model-A to model-B for faster responses',
-            'upgrade to a Gemini Code Assist Standard or Enterprise plan',
-          ],
-        },
-        {
-          errorType: 'other',
-          tier: UserTierId.LEGACY, // Paid tier
-          expectedMessageSnippets: [
-            'Automatically switching from model-A to model-B for faster responses',
-            'switch to using a paid API key from AI Studio',
-          ],
-        },
-      ];
-
-      for (const { errorType, tier, expectedMessageSnippets } of testCases) {
-        it(`should handle ${errorType} error for ${tier} tier correctly`, async () => {
-          mockedIsGenericQuotaExceededError.mockReturnValue(
-            errorType === 'generic',
-          );
-
-          const handler = getRegisteredHandler(tier);
-          const result = await handler(
-            'model-A',
-            'model-B',
-            new Error('quota exceeded'),
-          );
-
-          // Automatic fallbacks should return 'stop'
-          expect(result).toBe('stop');
-
-          expect(mockHistoryManager.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-            expect.objectContaining({ type: MessageType.INFO }),
-            expect.any(Number),
-          );
-
-          const message = (mockHistoryManager.addItem as Mock).mock.calls[0][0]
-            .text;
-          for (const snippet of expectedMessageSnippets) {
-            expect(message).toContain(snippet);
-          }
-
-          expect(mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
-          expect(mockConfig.setQuotaErrorOccurred).toHaveBeenCalledWith(true);
-        });
-      }
-    });
-
-    describe('Interactive Fallback (Pro Quota Error)', () => {
-      beforeEach(() => {
-        mockedIsProQuotaExceededError.mockReturnValue(true);
-      });
-
-      it('should set an interactive request and wait for user choice', async () => {
-        const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-          useQuotaAndFallback({
-            config: mockConfig,
-            historyManager: mockHistoryManager,
-            userTier: UserTierId.FREE,
-            setAuthState: mockSetAuthState,
-            setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-          }),
-        );
-
-        const handler = setFallbackHandlerSpy.mock
-          .calls[0][0] as FallbackModelHandler;
-
-        // Call the handler but do not await it, to check the intermediate state
-        const promise = handler(
-          'gemini-pro',
-          'gemini-flash',
-          new Error('pro quota'),
-        );
-
-        await act(async () => {});
-
-        // The hook should now have a pending request for the UI to handle
-        expect(result.current.proQuotaRequest).not.toBeNull();
-        expect(result.current.proQuotaRequest?.failedModel).toBe('gemini-pro');
-
-        // Simulate the user choosing to continue with the fallback model
-        act(() => {
-          result.current.handleProQuotaChoice('continue');
-        });
-
-        // The original promise from the handler should now resolve
-        const intent = await promise;
-        expect(intent).toBe('retry');
-
-        // The pending request should be cleared from the state
-        expect(result.current.proQuotaRequest).toBeNull();
-      });
-
-      it('should handle race conditions by stopping subsequent requests', async () => {
-        const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-          useQuotaAndFallback({
-            config: mockConfig,
-            historyManager: mockHistoryManager,
-            userTier: UserTierId.FREE,
-            setAuthState: mockSetAuthState,
-            setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-          }),
-        );
-
-        const handler = setFallbackHandlerSpy.mock
-          .calls[0][0] as FallbackModelHandler;
-
-        const promise1 = handler(
-          'gemini-pro',
-          'gemini-flash',
-          new Error('pro quota 1'),
-        );
-        await act(async () => {});
-
-        const firstRequest = result.current.proQuotaRequest;
-        expect(firstRequest).not.toBeNull();
-
-        const result2 = await handler(
-          'gemini-pro',
-          'gemini-flash',
-          new Error('pro quota 2'),
-        );
-
-        // The lock should have stopped the second request
-        expect(result2).toBe('stop');
-        expect(result.current.proQuotaRequest).toBe(firstRequest);
-
-        act(() => {
-          result.current.handleProQuotaChoice('continue');
-        });
-
-        const intent1 = await promise1;
-        expect(intent1).toBe('retry');
-        expect(result.current.proQuotaRequest).toBeNull();
-      });
-    });
-  });
-
-  describe('handleProQuotaChoice', () => {
-    beforeEach(() => {
-      mockedIsProQuotaExceededError.mockReturnValue(true);
-    });
-
-    it('should do nothing if there is no pending pro quota request', () => {
-      const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-        useQuotaAndFallback({
-          config: mockConfig,
-          historyManager: mockHistoryManager,
-          userTier: UserTierId.FREE,
-          setAuthState: mockSetAuthState,
-          setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-        }),
-      );
-
-      act(() => {
-        result.current.handleProQuotaChoice('auth');
-      });
-
-      expect(mockSetAuthState).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(mockHistoryManager.addItem).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    });
-
-    it('should resolve intent to "auth" and trigger auth state update', async () => {
-      const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-        useQuotaAndFallback({
-          config: mockConfig,
-          historyManager: mockHistoryManager,
-          userTier: UserTierId.FREE,
-          setAuthState: mockSetAuthState,
-          setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-        }),
-      );
-
-      const handler = setFallbackHandlerSpy.mock
-        .calls[0][0] as FallbackModelHandler;
-      const promise = handler(
-        'gemini-pro',
-        'gemini-flash',
-        new Error('pro quota'),
-      );
-      await act(async () => {}); // Allow state to update
-
-      act(() => {
-        result.current.handleProQuotaChoice('auth');
-      });
-
-      const intent = await promise;
-      expect(intent).toBe('auth');
-      expect(mockSetAuthState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(AuthState.Updating);
-      expect(result.current.proQuotaRequest).toBeNull();
-    });
-
-    it('should resolve intent to "retry" and add info message on continue', async () => {
-      const { result } = renderHook(() =>
-        useQuotaAndFallback({
-          config: mockConfig,
-          historyManager: mockHistoryManager,
-          userTier: UserTierId.FREE,
-          setAuthState: mockSetAuthState,
-          setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: mockSetModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-        }),
-      );
-
-      const handler = setFallbackHandlerSpy.mock
-        .calls[0][0] as FallbackModelHandler;
-      // The first `addItem` call is for the initial quota error message
-      const promise = handler(
-        'gemini-pro',
-        'gemini-flash',
-        new Error('pro quota'),
-      );
-      await act(async () => {}); // Allow state to update
-
-      act(() => {
-        result.current.handleProQuotaChoice('continue');
-      });
-
-      const intent = await promise;
-      expect(intent).toBe('retry');
-      expect(result.current.proQuotaRequest).toBeNull();
-
-      // Check for the second "Switched to fallback model" message
-      expect(mockHistoryManager.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
-      const lastCall = (mockHistoryManager.addItem as Mock).mock.calls[1][0];
-      expect(lastCall.type).toBe(MessageType.INFO);
-      expect(lastCall.text).toContain('Switched to fallback model.');
-    });
-  });
-});

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useQuotaAndFallback.ts

@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- */
-
-import {
-  AuthType,
-  type Config,
-  type FallbackModelHandler,
-  type FallbackIntent,
-  isGenericQuotaExceededError,
-  isProQuotaExceededError,
-  UserTierId,
-} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
-import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
-import { type UseHistoryManagerReturn } from './useHistoryManager.js';
-import { AuthState, MessageType } from '../types.js';
-import { type ProQuotaDialogRequest } from '../contexts/UIStateContext.js';
-
-interface UseQuotaAndFallbackArgs {
-  config: Config;
-  historyManager: UseHistoryManagerReturn;
-  userTier: UserTierId | undefined;
-  setAuthState: (state: AuthState) => void;
-  setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError: (value: boolean) => void;
-}
-
-export function useQuotaAndFallback({
-  config,
-  historyManager,
-  userTier,
-  setAuthState,
-  setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError,
-}: UseQuotaAndFallbackArgs) {
-  const [proQuotaRequest, setProQuotaRequest] =
-    useState<ProQuotaDialogRequest | null>(null);
-  const isDialogPending = useRef(false);
-
-  // Set up Flash fallback handler
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const fallbackHandler: FallbackModelHandler = async (
-      failedModel,
-      fallbackModel,
-      error,
-    ): Promise<FallbackIntent | null> => {
-      if (config.isInFallbackMode()) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      // Fallbacks are currently only handled for OAuth users.
-      const contentGeneratorConfig = config.getContentGeneratorConfig();
-      if (
-        !contentGeneratorConfig ||
-        contentGeneratorConfig.authType !== AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE
-      ) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      // Use actual user tier if available; otherwise, default to FREE tier behavior (safe default)
-      const isPaidTier =
-        userTier === UserTierId.LEGACY || userTier === UserTierId.STANDARD;
-
-      let message: string;
-
-      if (error && isProQuotaExceededError(error)) {
-        // Pro Quota specific messages (Interactive)
-        if (isPaidTier) {
-          message = `⚡ You have reached your daily ${failedModel} quota limit.
-⚡ You can choose to authenticate with a paid API key or continue with the fallback model.
-⚡ To continue accessing the ${failedModel} model today, consider using /auth to switch to using a paid API key from AI Studio at https://aistudio.google.com/apikey`;
-        } else {
-          message = `⚡ You have reached your daily ${failedModel} quota limit.
-⚡ You can choose to authenticate with a paid API key or continue with the fallback model.
-⚡ To increase your limits, upgrade to a Gemini Code Assist Standard or Enterprise plan with higher limits at https://goo.gle/set-up-gemini-code-assist
-⚡ Or you can utilize a Gemini API Key. See: https://goo.gle/gemini-cli-docs-auth#gemini-api-key
-⚡ You can switch authentication methods by typing /auth`;
-        }
-      } else if (error && isGenericQuotaExceededError(error)) {
-        // Generic Quota (Automatic fallback)
-        const actionMessage = `⚡ You have reached your daily quota limit.\n⚡ Automatically switching from ${failedModel} to ${fallbackModel} for the remainder of this session.`;
-
-        if (isPaidTier) {
-          message = `${actionMessage}
-⚡ To continue accessing the ${failedModel} model today, consider using /auth to switch to using a paid API key from AI Studio at https://aistudio.google.com/apikey`;
-        } else {
-          message = `${actionMessage}
-⚡ To increase your limits, upgrade to a Gemini Code Assist Standard or Enterprise plan with higher limits at https://goo.gle/set-up-gemini-code-assist
-⚡ Or you can utilize a Gemini API Key. See: https://goo.gle/gemini-cli-docs-auth#gemini-api-key
-⚡ You can switch authentication methods by typing /auth`;
-        }
-      } else {
-        // Consecutive 429s or other errors (Automatic fallback)
-        const actionMessage = `⚡ Automatically switching from ${failedModel} to ${fallbackModel} for faster responses for the remainder of this session.`;
-
-        if (isPaidTier) {
-          message = `${actionMessage}
-⚡ Possible reasons for this are that you have received multiple consecutive capacity errors or you have reached your daily ${failedModel} quota limit
-⚡ To continue accessing the ${failedModel} model today, consider using /auth to switch to using a paid API key from AI Studio at https://aistudio.google.com/apikey`;
-        } else {
-          message = `${actionMessage}
-⚡ Possible reasons for this are that you have received multiple consecutive capacity errors or you have reached your daily ${failedModel} quota limit
-⚡ To increase your limits, upgrade to a Gemini Code Assist Standard or Enterprise plan with higher limits at https://goo.gle/set-up-gemini-code-assist
-⚡ Or you can utilize a Gemini API Key. See: https://goo.gle/gemini-cli-docs-auth#gemini-api-key
-⚡ You can switch authentication methods by typing /auth`;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Add message to UI history
-      historyManager.addItem(
-        {
-          type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: message,
-        },
-        Date.now(),
-      );
-
-      setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError(true);
-      config.setQuotaErrorOccurred(true);
-
-      // Interactive Fallback for Pro quota
-      if (error && isProQuotaExceededError(error)) {
-        if (isDialogPending.current) {
-          return 'stop'; // A dialog is already active, so just stop this request.
-        }
-        isDialogPending.current = true;
-
-        const intent: FallbackIntent = await new Promise<FallbackIntent>(
-          (resolve) => {
-            setProQuotaRequest({
-              failedModel,
-              fallbackModel,
-              resolve,
-            });
-          },
-        );
-
-        return intent;
-      }
-
-      return 'stop';
-    };
-
-    config.setFallbackModelHandler(fallbackHandler);
-  }, [config, historyManager, userTier, setModelSwitchedFromQuotaError]);
-
-  const handleProQuotaChoice = useCallback(
-    (choice: 'auth' | 'continue') => {
-      if (!proQuotaRequest) return;
-
-      const intent: FallbackIntent = choice === 'auth' ? 'auth' : 'retry';
-      proQuotaRequest.resolve(intent);
-      setProQuotaRequest(null);
-      isDialogPending.current = false; // Reset the flag here
-
-      if (choice === 'auth') {
-        setAuthState(AuthState.Updating);
-      } else {
-        historyManager.addItem(
-          {
-            type: MessageType.INFO,
-            text: 'Switched to fallback model. Tip: Press Ctrl+P (or Up Arrow) to recall your previous prompt and submit it again if you wish.',
-          },
-          Date.now(),
-        );
-      }
-    },
-    [proQuotaRequest, setAuthState, historyManager],
-  );
-
-  return {
-    proQuotaRequest,
-    handleProQuotaChoice,
-  };
-}

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useQwenAuth.test.ts

@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ describe('useQwenAuth', () => {
     expect(geminiResult.current.qwenAuthState.authStatus).toBe('idle');
 
     const { result: oauthResult } = renderHook(() =>
-      useQwenAuth(AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE, true),
+      useQwenAuth(AuthType.USE_OPENAI, true),
     );
     expect(oauthResult.current.qwenAuthState.authStatus).toBe('idle');
   });

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useToolScheduler.test.ts

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ const mockConfig = {
   getAllowedTools: vi.fn(() => []),
   getContentGeneratorConfig: () => ({
     model: 'test-model',
-    authType: 'oauth-personal',
+    authType: 'gemini-api-key',
   }),
   getUseSmartEdit: () => false,
   getUseModelRouter: () => false,

packages/cli/src/ui/models/availableModels.ts

@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ export function getOpenAIAvailableModelFromEnv(): AvailableModel | null {
   return id ? { id, label: id } : null;
 }
 
+export function getAnthropicAvailableModelFromEnv(): AvailableModel | null {
+  const id = process.env['ANTHROPIC_MODEL']?.trim();
+  return id ? { id, label: id } : null;
+}
+
 export function getAvailableModelsForAuthType(
   authType: AuthType,
 ): AvailableModel[] {
@@ -70,6 +75,10 @@ export function getAvailableModelsForAuthType(
       const openAIModel = getOpenAIAvailableModelFromEnv();
       return openAIModel ? [openAIModel] : [];
     }
+    case AuthType.USE_ANTHROPIC: {
+      const anthropicModel = getAnthropicAvailableModelFromEnv();
+      return anthropicModel ? [anthropicModel] : [];
+    }
     default:
       // For other auth types, return empty array for now
       // This can be expanded later according to the design doc

packages/cli/src/ui/utils/resumeHistoryUtils.test.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ const makeConfig = (tools: Record<string, AnyDeclarativeTool>) =>
     getToolRegistry: () => ({
       getTool: (name: string) => tools[name],
     }),
+    getContentGenerator: () => ({
+      // Default to showing full thinking content during resume unless explicitly
+      // summarized; tests don't care about summarized thinking behavior.
+      useSummarizedThinking: () => false,
+    }),
   }) as unknown as Config;
 
 describe('resumeHistoryUtils', () => {

packages/cli/src/ui/utils/resumeHistoryUtils.ts

@@ -204,7 +204,11 @@ function convertToHistoryItems(
         const parts = record.message?.parts as Part[] | undefined;
 
         // Extract thought content
-        const thoughtText = extractThoughtTextFromParts(parts);
+        const thoughtText = !config
+          .getContentGenerator()
+          .useSummarizedThinking()
+          ? extractThoughtTextFromParts(parts)
+          : '';
 
         // Extract text content (non-function-call, non-thought)
         const text = extractTextFromParts(parts);

packages/cli/src/utils/errors.test.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,11 @@
 
 import { vi, type Mock, type MockInstance } from 'vitest';
 import type { Config } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
-import { OutputFormat, FatalInputError } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
+import {
+  OutputFormat,
+  FatalInputError,
+  ToolErrorType,
+} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 import {
   getErrorMessage,
   handleError,
@@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ vi.mock('@qwen-code/qwen-code-core', async (importOriginal) => {
 describe('errors', () => {
   let mockConfig: Config;
   let processExitSpy: MockInstance;
+  let processStderrWriteSpy: MockInstance;
   let consoleErrorSpy: MockInstance;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
@@ -74,6 +79,11 @@ describe('errors', () => {
     // Mock console.error
     consoleErrorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
 
+    // Mock process.stderr.write
+    processStderrWriteSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(process.stderr, 'write')
+      .mockImplementation(() => true);
+
     // Mock process.exit to throw instead of actually exiting
     processExitSpy = vi.spyOn(process, 'exit').mockImplementation((code) => {
       throw new Error(`process.exit called with code: ${code}`);
@@ -84,11 +94,13 @@ describe('errors', () => {
       getOutputFormat: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.TEXT),
       getContentGeneratorConfig: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({ authType: 'test' }),
       getDebugMode: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+      isInteractive: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
     } as unknown as Config;
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
     consoleErrorSpy.mockRestore();
+    processStderrWriteSpy.mockRestore();
     processExitSpy.mockRestore();
   });
 
@@ -432,6 +444,87 @@ describe('errors', () => {
         expect(processExitSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
       });
     });
+
+    describe('permission denied warnings', () => {
+      it('should show warning when EXECUTION_DENIED in non-interactive text mode', () => {
+        (mockConfig.getDebugMode as Mock).mockReturnValue(false);
+        (mockConfig.isInteractive as Mock).mockReturnValue(false);
+        (
+          mockConfig.getOutputFormat as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>
+        ).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.TEXT);
+
+        handleToolError(
+          toolName,
+          toolError,
+          mockConfig,
+          ToolErrorType.EXECUTION_DENIED,
+        );
+
+        expect(processStderrWriteSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.stringContaining(
+            'Warning: Tool "test-tool" requires user approval',
+          ),
+        );
+        expect(processStderrWriteSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.stringContaining('use the -y flag (YOLO mode)'),
+        );
+        expect(processExitSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should not show warning when EXECUTION_DENIED in interactive mode', () => {
+        (mockConfig.getDebugMode as Mock).mockReturnValue(false);
+        (mockConfig.isInteractive as Mock).mockReturnValue(true);
+        (
+          mockConfig.getOutputFormat as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>
+        ).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.TEXT);
+
+        handleToolError(
+          toolName,
+          toolError,
+          mockConfig,
+          ToolErrorType.EXECUTION_DENIED,
+        );
+
+        expect(processStderrWriteSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(processExitSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should not show warning when EXECUTION_DENIED in JSON mode', () => {
+        (mockConfig.getDebugMode as Mock).mockReturnValue(false);
+        (mockConfig.isInteractive as Mock).mockReturnValue(false);
+        (
+          mockConfig.getOutputFormat as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>
+        ).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.JSON);
+
+        handleToolError(
+          toolName,
+          toolError,
+          mockConfig,
+          ToolErrorType.EXECUTION_DENIED,
+        );
+
+        expect(processStderrWriteSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(processExitSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+
+      it('should not show warning for non-EXECUTION_DENIED errors', () => {
+        (mockConfig.getDebugMode as Mock).mockReturnValue(false);
+        (mockConfig.isInteractive as Mock).mockReturnValue(false);
+        (
+          mockConfig.getOutputFormat as ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>
+        ).mockReturnValue(OutputFormat.TEXT);
+
+        handleToolError(
+          toolName,
+          toolError,
+          mockConfig,
+          ToolErrorType.FILE_NOT_FOUND,
+        );
+
+        expect(processStderrWriteSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(processExitSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('handleCancellationError', () => {

packages/cli/src/utils/errors.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import {
   parseAndFormatApiError,
   FatalTurnLimitedError,
   FatalCancellationError,
+  ToolErrorType,
 } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
 
 export function getErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
@@ -102,10 +103,24 @@ export function handleToolError(
   toolName: string,
   toolError: Error,
   config: Config,
-  _errorCode?: string | number,
+  errorCode?: string | number,
   resultDisplay?: string,
 ): void {
-  // Always just log to stderr; JSON/streaming formatting happens in the tool_result block elsewhere
+  // Check if this is a permission denied error in non-interactive mode
+  const isExecutionDenied = errorCode === ToolErrorType.EXECUTION_DENIED;
+  const isNonInteractive = !config.isInteractive();
+  const isTextMode = config.getOutputFormat() === OutputFormat.TEXT;
+
+  // Show warning for permission denied errors in non-interactive text mode
+  if (isExecutionDenied && isNonInteractive && isTextMode) {
+    const warningMessage =
+      `Warning: Tool "${toolName}" requires user approval but cannot execute in non-interactive mode.\n` +
+      `To enable automatic tool execution, use the -y flag (YOLO mode):\n` +
+      `Example: qwen -p 'your prompt' -y\n\n`;
+    process.stderr.write(warningMessage);
+  }
+
+  // Always log detailed error in debug mode
   if (config.getDebugMode()) {
     console.error(
       `Error executing tool ${toolName}: ${resultDisplay || toolError.message}`,

packages/cli/src/utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.test.ts

@@ -35,22 +35,33 @@ import {
 } from './nonInteractiveHelpers.js';
 
 // Mock dependencies
-vi.mock('../services/CommandService.js', () => ({
-  CommandService: {
-    create: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-      getCommands: vi
-        .fn()
-        .mockReturnValue([
-          { name: 'help' },
-          { name: 'commit' },
-          { name: 'memory' },
-        ]),
-    }),
-  },
-}));
+vi.mock('../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js', () => ({
+  getAvailableCommands: vi
+    .fn()
+    .mockImplementation(
+      async (
+        _config: unknown,
+        _signal: AbortSignal,
+        allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
+      ) => {
+        const allowedSet = new Set(allowedBuiltinCommandNames ?? []);
+        const allCommands = [
+          { name: 'help', kind: 'built-in' },
+          { name: 'commit', kind: 'file' },
+          { name: 'memory', kind: 'built-in' },
+          { name: 'init', kind: 'built-in' },
+          { name: 'summary', kind: 'built-in' },
+          { name: 'compress', kind: 'built-in' },
+        ];
 
-vi.mock('../services/BuiltinCommandLoader.js', () => ({
-  BuiltinCommandLoader: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({})),
+        // Filter commands: always include file commands, only include allowed built-in commands
+        return allCommands.filter(
+          (cmd) =>
+            cmd.kind === 'file' ||
+            (cmd.kind === 'built-in' && allowedSet.has(cmd.name)),
+        );
+      },
+    ),
 }));
 
 vi.mock('../ui/utils/computeStats.js', () => ({
@@ -511,10 +522,12 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
   });
 
   it('should build system message with all fields', async () => {
+    const allowedBuiltinCommands = ['init', 'summary', 'compress'];
     const result = await buildSystemMessage(
       mockConfig,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      allowedBuiltinCommands,
     );
 
     expect(result).toEqual({
@@ -530,7 +543,7 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       ],
       model: 'test-model',
       permission_mode: 'auto',
-      slash_commands: ['commit', 'help', 'memory'],
+      slash_commands: ['commit', 'compress', 'init', 'summary'],
       qwen_code_version: '1.0.0',
       agents: [],
     });
@@ -546,6 +559,7 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       config,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      ['init', 'summary'],
     );
 
     expect(result.tools).toEqual([]);
@@ -561,6 +575,7 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       config,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      ['init', 'summary'],
     );
 
     expect(result.mcp_servers).toEqual([]);
@@ -576,10 +591,37 @@ describe('buildSystemMessage', () => {
       config,
       'test-session-id',
       'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      ['init', 'summary'],
     );
 
     expect(result.qwen_code_version).toBe('unknown');
   });
+
+  it('should only include allowed built-in commands and all file commands', async () => {
+    const allowedBuiltinCommands = ['init', 'summary'];
+    const result = await buildSystemMessage(
+      mockConfig,
+      'test-session-id',
+      'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      allowedBuiltinCommands,
+    );
+
+    // Should include: 'commit' (FILE), 'init' (BUILT_IN, allowed), 'summary' (BUILT_IN, allowed)
+    // Should NOT include: 'help', 'memory', 'compress' (BUILT_IN but not in allowed set)
+    expect(result.slash_commands).toEqual(['commit', 'init', 'summary']);
+  });
+
+  it('should include only file commands when no built-in commands are allowed', async () => {
+    const result = await buildSystemMessage(
+      mockConfig,
+      'test-session-id',
+      'auto' as PermissionMode,
+      [], // Empty array - no built-in commands allowed
+    );
+
+    // Should only include 'commit' (FILE command)
+    expect(result.slash_commands).toEqual(['commit']);
+  });
 });
 
 describe('createTaskToolProgressHandler', () => {

packages/cli/src/utils/nonInteractiveHelpers.ts

@@ -25,10 +25,9 @@ import type {
   PermissionMode,
   CLISystemMessage,
 } from '../nonInteractive/types.js';
-import { CommandService } from '../services/CommandService.js';
-import { BuiltinCommandLoader } from '../services/BuiltinCommandLoader.js';
 import type { JsonOutputAdapterInterface } from '../nonInteractive/io/BaseJsonOutputAdapter.js';
 import { computeSessionStats } from '../ui/utils/computeStats.js';
+import { getAvailableCommands } from '../nonInteractiveCliCommands.js';
 
 /**
  * Normalizes various part list formats into a consistent Part[] array.
@@ -187,24 +186,27 @@ export function computeUsageFromMetrics(metrics: SessionMetrics): Usage {
 }
 
 /**
- * Load slash command names using CommandService
+ * Load slash command names using getAvailableCommands
  *
  * @param config - Config instance
+ * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames - Optional array of allowed built-in command names.
+ *   If not provided, uses the default from getAvailableCommands.
  * @returns Promise resolving to array of slash command names
  */
-async function loadSlashCommandNames(config: Config): Promise<string[]> {
+async function loadSlashCommandNames(
+  config: Config,
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
+): Promise<string[]> {
   const controller = new AbortController();
   try {
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [new BuiltinCommandLoader(config)],
+    const commands = await getAvailableCommands(
+      config,
       controller.signal,
+      allowedBuiltinCommandNames,
     );
-    const names = new Set<string>();
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-    for (const command of commands) {
-      names.add(command.name);
-    }
-    return Array.from(names).sort();
+
+    // Extract command names and sort
+    return commands.map((cmd) => cmd.name).sort();
   } catch (error) {
     if (config.getDebugMode()) {
       console.error(
@@ -233,12 +235,15 @@ async function loadSlashCommandNames(config: Config): Promise<string[]> {
  * @param config - Config instance
  * @param sessionId - Session identifier
  * @param permissionMode - Current permission/approval mode
+ * @param allowedBuiltinCommandNames - Optional array of allowed built-in command names.
+ *   If not provided, defaults to empty array (only file commands will be included).
  * @returns Promise resolving to CLISystemMessage
  */
 export async function buildSystemMessage(
   config: Config,
   sessionId: string,
   permissionMode: PermissionMode,
+  allowedBuiltinCommandNames?: string[],
 ): Promise<CLISystemMessage> {
   const toolRegistry = config.getToolRegistry();
   const tools = toolRegistry ? toolRegistry.getAllToolNames() : [];
@@ -251,8 +256,11 @@ export async function buildSystemMessage(
       }))
     : [];
 
-  // Load slash commands
-  const slashCommands = await loadSlashCommandNames(config);
+  // Load slash commands with filtering based on allowed built-in commands
+  const slashCommands = await loadSlashCommandNames(
+    config,
+    allowedBuiltinCommandNames,
+  );
 
   // Load subagent names from config
   let agentNames: string[] = [];

packages/cli/src/utils/systemInfo.ts

@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@ export async function getExtendedSystemInfo(
 
   // Get base URL if using OpenAI auth
   const baseUrl =
-    baseInfo.selectedAuthType === AuthType.USE_OPENAI
+    baseInfo.selectedAuthType === AuthType.USE_OPENAI ||
+    baseInfo.selectedAuthType === AuthType.USE_ANTHROPIC
       ? context.services.config?.getContentGeneratorConfig()?.baseUrl
       : undefined;
 

packages/cli/src/validateNonInterActiveAuth.test.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ describe('validateNonInterActiveAuth', () => {
   let originalEnvVertexAi: string | undefined;
   let originalEnvGcp: string | undefined;
   let originalEnvOpenAiApiKey: string | undefined;
+  let originalEnvQwenOauth: string | undefined;
+  let originalEnvGoogleApiKey: string | undefined;
+  let originalEnvAnthropicApiKey: string | undefined;
   let consoleErrorSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn>;
   let processExitSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn<[code?: number], never>>;
   let refreshAuthMock: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
@@ -29,10 +32,16 @@ describe('validateNonInterActiveAuth', () => {
     originalEnvVertexAi = process.env['GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI'];
     originalEnvGcp = process.env['GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_GCA'];
     originalEnvOpenAiApiKey = process.env['OPENAI_API_KEY'];
+    originalEnvQwenOauth = process.env['QWEN_OAUTH'];
+    originalEnvGoogleApiKey = process.env['GOOGLE_API_KEY'];
+    originalEnvAnthropicApiKey = process.env['ANTHROPIC_API_KEY'];
     delete process.env['GEMINI_API_KEY'];
     delete process.env['GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_VERTEXAI'];
     delete process.env['GOOGLE_GENAI_USE_GCA'];
     delete process.env['OPENAI_API_KEY'];
+    delete process.env['QWEN_OAUTH'];
+    delete process.env['GOOGLE_API_KEY'];
+    delete process.env['ANTHROPIC_API_KEY'];
     consoleErrorSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
     processExitSpy = vi.spyOn(process, 'exit').mockImplementation((code) => {
       throw new Error(`process.exit(${code}) called`);
@@ -80,6 +89,21 @@ describe('validateNonInterActiveAuth', () => {
     } else {
       delete process.env['OPENAI_API_KEY'];
     }
+    if (originalEnvQwenOauth !== undefined) {
+      process.env['QWEN_OAUTH'] = originalEnvQwenOauth;
+    } else {
+      delete process.env['QWEN_OAUTH'];
+    }
+    if (originalEnvGoogleApiKey !== undefined) {
+      process.env['GOOGLE_API_KEY'] = originalEnvGoogleApiKey;
+    } else {
+      delete process.env['GOOGLE_API_KEY'];
+    }
+    if (originalEnvAnthropicApiKey !== undefined) {
+      process.env['ANTHROPIC_API_KEY'] = originalEnvAnthropicApiKey;
+    } else {
+      delete process.env['ANTHROPIC_API_KEY'];
+    }
     vi.restoreAllMocks();
   });
 

packages/cli/src/validateNonInterActiveAuth.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,16 @@ function getAuthTypeFromEnv(): AuthType | undefined {
     return AuthType.QWEN_OAUTH;
   }
 
+  if (process.env['GEMINI_API_KEY']) {
+    return AuthType.USE_GEMINI;
+  }
+  if (process.env['GOOGLE_API_KEY']) {
+    return AuthType.USE_VERTEX_AI;
+  }
+  if (process.env['ANTHROPIC_API_KEY']) {
+    return AuthType.USE_ANTHROPIC;
+  }
+
   return undefined;
 }