WFGY/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Eval_Observability/coverage_tracking.md

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Eval Observability — Coverage Tracking

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Evaluation disclaimer (coverage tracking)
Coverage numbers here measure how much of a designed space you have touched under chosen tests.
High coverage does not guarantee absence of bugs or failures outside those tests.


A focused module to monitor retrieval coverage during eval and live runs.
Coverage answers the key question: “Did we retrieve enough of the right section to support the answer?”


Why coverage tracking matters

  • False negatives: The right fact exists, but snippets cover too little of the section.
  • Over-fragmentation: Documents chunked too aggressively result in coverage <0.50 despite correct snippets.
  • Hallucinations: When coverage is low, LLMs often fill gaps with fabrications.
  • Eval blind spots: Benchmarks without coverage probes miss systematic recall failures.

Core definition

Coverage is defined as:

coverage = retrieved_tokens_in_target_section / total_tokens_in_target_section
  • Target section = gold label or expected answer span.
  • Threshold = minimum 0.70 in most RAG tasks.
  • Tolerance = allow 510% batch queries below threshold before raising alert.

Probe design

  1. Annotate gold sets For each eval question, mark the expected source section IDs and token spans.

  2. Measure per-query coverage Count how many tokens from expected span were retrieved. Normalize by total tokens in span.

  3. Batch aggregation Track percentage of queries below threshold. Report average coverage ± variance.

  4. Drift detection Compare against historical baseline (previous model or retriever version). If drop >0.05, escalate to retriever/infrastructure team.


Alert thresholds

Metric Warning Critical
Per-query coverage <0.70 <0.60
Batch pass rate <0.90 <0.80
Drift vs baseline drop >0.05 drop >0.10

Example probe code (pseudo)

def track_coverage(retrieved, target_span):
    overlap = count_tokens(retrieved, target_span)
    coverage = overlap / len(target_span)
    return coverage

for q in eval_batch:
    cov = track_coverage(q.retrieved_tokens, q.gold_span)
    if cov < 0.70:
        alerts.append({"qid": q.id, "coverage": cov})

Common pitfalls

  • Ignoring multi-section answers → coverage must sum across all required sections.
  • Only measuring top-1 snippet → always include top-k, otherwise underestimation occurs.
  • Static thresholds → thresholds should adapt to doc size and retrieval depth.
  • No historical baseline → without drift tracking, regressions pass unnoticed.

Reporting dashboards

  • Histograms of per-query coverage distribution.
  • Trend lines for batch averages across eval sets.
  • Drift deltas vs baseline runs.
  • Heatmaps showing coverage by document or domain.

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