diff --git a/crates/ruvector-temporal-tensor/src/store.rs b/crates/ruvector-temporal-tensor/src/store.rs
index a2d09e7b..edb42ddd 100644
--- a/crates/ruvector-temporal-tensor/src/store.rs
+++ b/crates/ruvector-temporal-tensor/src/store.rs
@@ -1934,4 +1934,248 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(*ts, 200);
         assert_eq!(m.total_blocks, 5);
     }
+
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Benchmarks
+    // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    //
+    // Run with: cargo test bench_ -- --nocapture
+    // These use std::time::Instant and std::hint::black_box for stable timing.
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_batch_scoring_10k() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+        use crate::tiering::{
+            TierConfig, BlockMeta as TBlockMeta, Tier as TTier,
+            compute_scores_batch, compute_score,
+        };
+
+        let cfg = TierConfig::default();
+        let metas: Vec<TBlockMeta> = (0..10_000).map(|i| {
+            TBlockMeta {
+                ema_rate: (i as f32) * 0.0001,
+                access_window: 0x5555_5555_5555_5555,
+                last_access: 50 + (i as u64 % 100),
+                access_count: i as u64,
+                current_tier: TTier::Tier1,
+                tier_since: 0,
+            }
+        }).collect();
+
+        let iters = 1000;
+
+        // Individual scoring
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            for m in &metas {
+                std::hint::black_box(compute_score(&cfg, 100, m));
+            }
+        }
+        let individual = start.elapsed();
+
+        // Batch scoring
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(compute_scores_batch(&cfg, 100, &metas));
+        }
+        let batch = start.elapsed();
+
+        eprintln!("Individual scoring 10k x {iters}: {:?} ({:.0} ns/block)",
+            individual, individual.as_nanos() as f64 / (iters * 10_000) as f64);
+        eprintln!("Batch scoring 10k x {iters}: {:?} ({:.0} ns/block)",
+            batch, batch.as_nanos() as f64 / (iters * 10_000) as f64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_dequant_5bit_4096() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+
+        let data: Vec<f32> = (0..4096).map(|i| (i as f32 - 2048.0) * 0.01).collect();
+        let (packed, scale) = quantize_block(&data, 5);
+        let mut out = vec![0.0f32; 4096];
+
+        let iters = 10_000;
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(dequantize_block(&packed, scale, 5, 4096, &mut out));
+        }
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+
+        let total_bytes = 4096u64 * 4 * iters as u64;
+        let gbs = total_bytes as f64 / elapsed.as_secs_f64() / 1e9;
+        eprintln!("Dequant 5-bit 4096 x {iters}: {:?} ({:.2} GB/s output throughput)",
+            elapsed, gbs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_dequant_7bit_4096() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+
+        let data: Vec<f32> = (0..4096).map(|i| (i as f32 - 2048.0) * 0.01).collect();
+        let (packed, scale) = quantize_block(&data, 7);
+        let mut out = vec![0.0f32; 4096];
+
+        let iters = 10_000;
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(dequantize_block(&packed, scale, 7, 4096, &mut out));
+        }
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+
+        let total_bytes = 4096u64 * 4 * iters as u64;
+        let gbs = total_bytes as f64 / elapsed.as_secs_f64() / 1e9;
+        eprintln!("Dequant 7-bit 4096 x {iters}: {:?} ({:.2} GB/s output throughput)",
+            elapsed, gbs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_quant_5bit_4096() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+
+        let data: Vec<f32> = (0..4096).map(|i| (i as f32 - 2048.0) * 0.01).collect();
+
+        let iters = 10_000;
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(quantize_block(&data, 5));
+        }
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+
+        let total_bytes = 4096u64 * 4 * iters as u64;
+        let gbs = total_bytes as f64 / elapsed.as_secs_f64() / 1e9;
+        eprintln!("Quant 5-bit 4096 x {iters}: {:?} ({:.2} GB/s input throughput)",
+            elapsed, gbs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_svd_adaptive_64x64() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+        use crate::delta::FactorSet;
+
+        let (rows, cols) = (64, 64);
+        let data: Vec<f32> = (0..rows * cols)
+            .map(|i| (i as f32 * 0.37).sin() + (i as f32 * 0.73).cos())
+            .collect();
+
+        let iters = 100;
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(
+                FactorSet::from_data_adaptive(&data, rows, cols, 16, 0.05)
+            );
+        }
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+
+        eprintln!("SVD adaptive 64x64 (max_rank=16, target=0.05) x {iters}: {:?} ({:.2} ms/iter)",
+            elapsed, elapsed.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0 / iters as f64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_format_report() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+        use crate::metrics::StoreMetrics;
+
+        let m = StoreMetrics {
+            total_blocks: 10_000,
+            tier0_blocks: 500,
+            tier1_blocks: 4000,
+            tier2_blocks: 3500,
+            tier3_blocks: 2000,
+            tier1_bytes: 4_000_000,
+            tier2_bytes: 2_500_000,
+            tier3_bytes: 750_000,
+            total_reads: 1_000_000,
+            total_writes: 500_000,
+            total_evictions: 5000,
+            total_upgrades: 12_000,
+            total_downgrades: 8000,
+            total_reconstructions: 200,
+            total_checksum_failures: 0,
+            total_compactions: 150,
+            tier_flips_last_minute: 0.023,
+            avg_score_tier1: 0.85,
+            avg_score_tier2: 0.45,
+            avg_score_tier3: 0.12,
+        };
+
+        let iters = 10_000;
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(m.format_report());
+        }
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+
+        eprintln!("format_report x {iters}: {:?} ({:.0} ns/call)",
+            elapsed, elapsed.as_nanos() as f64 / iters as f64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_format_json() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+        use crate::metrics::StoreMetrics;
+
+        let m = StoreMetrics {
+            total_blocks: 10_000,
+            tier0_blocks: 500,
+            tier1_blocks: 4000,
+            tier2_blocks: 3500,
+            tier3_blocks: 2000,
+            tier1_bytes: 4_000_000,
+            tier2_bytes: 2_500_000,
+            tier3_bytes: 750_000,
+            total_reads: 1_000_000,
+            total_writes: 500_000,
+            total_evictions: 5000,
+            total_upgrades: 12_000,
+            total_downgrades: 8000,
+            total_reconstructions: 200,
+            total_checksum_failures: 0,
+            total_compactions: 150,
+            tier_flips_last_minute: 0.023,
+            avg_score_tier1: 0.85,
+            avg_score_tier2: 0.45,
+            avg_score_tier3: 0.12,
+        };
+
+        let iters = 10_000;
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(m.format_json());
+        }
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+
+        eprintln!("format_json x {iters}: {:?} ({:.0} ns/call)",
+            elapsed, elapsed.as_nanos() as f64 / iters as f64);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn bench_metrics_series_trend_100() {
+        use std::time::Instant;
+        use crate::metrics::{StoreMetrics, MetricsSeries};
+
+        let mut series = MetricsSeries::new(256);
+        for i in 0..100u64 {
+            series.record(i, StoreMetrics {
+                total_blocks: 1000 + i,
+                tier1_blocks: 400 + i % 50,
+                tier2_blocks: 350,
+                tier3_blocks: 250,
+                tier1_bytes: 400_000 + i * 100,
+                tier2_bytes: 250_000,
+                tier3_bytes: 75_000,
+                total_evictions: i * 3,
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+        }
+
+        let iters = 10_000;
+        let start = Instant::now();
+        for _ in 0..iters {
+            std::hint::black_box(series.trend());
+        }
+        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+
+        eprintln!("MetricsSeries trend (100 snapshots) x {iters}: {:?} ({:.0} ns/call)",
+            elapsed, elapsed.as_nanos() as f64 / iters as f64);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/crates/ruvector-temporal-tensor/tests/persistence_tests.rs b/crates/ruvector-temporal-tensor/tests/persistence_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b737660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/ruvector-temporal-tensor/tests/persistence_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#![cfg(feature = "persistence")]
+
+use ruvector_temporal_tensor::persistence::{FileBlockIO, FileMetaLog};
+use ruvector_temporal_tensor::store::{
+    BlockIO, BlockKey, BlockMeta, DType, MetaLog, ReconstructPolicy, Tier,
+};
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+fn test_dir(name: &str) -> PathBuf {
+    let dir = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!("ruvector_test_{}", name));
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&dir);
+    std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    dir
+}
+
+fn cleanup(dir: &PathBuf) {
+    let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(dir);
+}
+
+fn make_key(id: u128, idx: u32) -> BlockKey {
+    BlockKey {
+        tensor_id: id,
+        block_index: idx,
+    }
+}
+
+fn make_meta(key: BlockKey, tier: Tier) -> BlockMeta {
+    BlockMeta {
+        key,
+        dtype: DType::F32,
+        tier,
+        bits: 8,
+        scale: 0.5,
+        zero_point: 0,
+        created_at: 100,
+        last_access_at: 200,
+        access_count: 5,
+        ema_rate: 0.1,
+        window: 0xFF,
+        checksum: 0xDEADBEEF,
+        reconstruct: ReconstructPolicy::None,
+        tier_age: 10,
+        lineage_parent: None,
+        block_bytes: 64,
+    }
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FileBlockIO tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_block_io_write_read() {
+    let dir = test_dir("block_io_write_read");
+    let mut bio = FileBlockIO::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    let key = make_key(1, 0);
+    let data = vec![0xAB, 0xCD, 0xEF, 0x01, 0x23, 0x45, 0x67, 0x89];
+    bio.write_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &data).unwrap();
+
+    let mut dst = vec![0u8; 32];
+    let n = bio.read_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &mut dst).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(n, data.len());
+    assert_eq!(&dst[..n], &data[..]);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_block_io_different_tiers() {
+    let dir = test_dir("block_io_tiers");
+    let mut bio = FileBlockIO::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    let key = make_key(1, 0);
+    let data1 = vec![1u8; 16];
+    let data2 = vec![2u8; 8];
+    let data3 = vec![3u8; 4];
+
+    bio.write_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &data1).unwrap();
+    bio.write_block(Tier::Tier2, key, &data2).unwrap();
+    bio.write_block(Tier::Tier3, key, &data3).unwrap();
+
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 32];
+
+    let n1 = bio.read_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &mut buf).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(&buf[..n1], &data1[..]);
+
+    let n2 = bio.read_block(Tier::Tier2, key, &mut buf).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(&buf[..n2], &data2[..]);
+
+    let n3 = bio.read_block(Tier::Tier3, key, &mut buf).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(&buf[..n3], &data3[..]);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_block_io_delete() {
+    let dir = test_dir("block_io_delete");
+    let mut bio = FileBlockIO::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    let key = make_key(1, 0);
+    bio.write_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &[1, 2, 3]).unwrap();
+    bio.delete_block(Tier::Tier1, key).unwrap();
+
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 32];
+    let result = bio.read_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &mut buf);
+    assert!(result.is_err() || result.unwrap() == 0);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_block_io_overwrite() {
+    let dir = test_dir("block_io_overwrite");
+    let mut bio = FileBlockIO::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    let key = make_key(1, 0);
+    bio.write_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &[1, 2, 3]).unwrap();
+    bio.write_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &[4, 5, 6, 7]).unwrap();
+
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 32];
+    let n = bio.read_block(Tier::Tier1, key, &mut buf).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(&buf[..n], &[4, 5, 6, 7]);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_block_io_missing_key() {
+    let dir = test_dir("block_io_missing");
+    let bio = FileBlockIO::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    let mut buf = vec![0u8; 32];
+    let result = bio.read_block(Tier::Tier1, make_key(99, 0), &mut buf);
+    assert!(result.is_err() || result.unwrap() == 0);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FileMetaLog tests
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_meta_log_append_get() {
+    let dir = test_dir("meta_log_append");
+    let mut log = FileMetaLog::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    let key = make_key(1, 0);
+    let meta = make_meta(key, Tier::Tier1);
+    log.append(&meta).unwrap();
+
+    let retrieved = log.get(key).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(retrieved.key, key);
+    assert_eq!(retrieved.tier, Tier::Tier1);
+    assert_eq!(retrieved.bits, 8);
+    assert!((retrieved.scale - 0.5).abs() < 1e-6);
+    assert_eq!(retrieved.checksum, 0xDEADBEEF);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_meta_log_upsert() {
+    let dir = test_dir("meta_log_upsert");
+    let mut log = FileMetaLog::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    let key = make_key(1, 0);
+    let meta1 = make_meta(key, Tier::Tier1);
+    log.append(&meta1).unwrap();
+
+    let mut meta2 = make_meta(key, Tier::Tier2);
+    meta2.bits = 7;
+    log.append(&meta2).unwrap();
+
+    let retrieved = log.get(key).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(retrieved.tier, Tier::Tier2);
+    assert_eq!(retrieved.bits, 7);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_meta_log_iter() {
+    let dir = test_dir("meta_log_iter");
+    let mut log = FileMetaLog::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    for i in 0..5u128 {
+        let key = make_key(i, 0);
+        log.append(&make_meta(key, Tier::Tier1)).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    let count = log.iter().count();
+    assert_eq!(count, 5);
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_meta_log_missing_key() {
+    let dir = test_dir("meta_log_missing");
+    let log = FileMetaLog::new(&dir).unwrap();
+    assert!(log.get(make_key(99, 0)).is_none());
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_file_meta_log_multiple_blocks_same_tensor() {
+    let dir = test_dir("meta_log_multi_block");
+    let mut log = FileMetaLog::new(&dir).unwrap();
+
+    for idx in 0..3u32 {
+        let key = make_key(1, idx);
+        log.append(&make_meta(key, Tier::Tier1)).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    assert!(log.get(make_key(1, 0)).is_some());
+    assert!(log.get(make_key(1, 1)).is_some());
+    assert!(log.get(make_key(1, 2)).is_some());
+    assert!(log.get(make_key(1, 3)).is_none());
+
+    cleanup(&dir);
+}