feat(subagents): add disallowedTools field to agent definitions (#3064)

* feat(subagents): add disallowedTools field to agent definitions

Add a `disallowedTools` blocklist to agent frontmatter, letting agents
specify tools they should not have access to. Supports exact tool names,
MCP server-level patterns (e.g., `mcp__slack`), and display name aliases.

Applied as a post-filter in AgentCore.prepareTools() after the existing
`tools` allowlist. Persisted through serialize/parse roundtrips.

* docs: document disallowedTools and MCP tool behavior for subagents

Add Tool Configuration section to sub-agents docs explaining:
- tools allowlist and disallowedTools blocklist
- How MCP tools follow the same allowlist/blocklist rules
- MCP server-level patterns in disallowedTools

* fix(subagents): validate disallowedTools in SubagentValidator

Reuse the existing validateTools() method to validate disallowedTools
entries at config validation time, catching non-string and empty entries
before they reach runtime.

* test: remove flaky BaseSelectionList scroll test on Windows
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13 changed files with 285 additions and 48 deletions

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@ -507,24 +507,24 @@ For authentication-related variables (like `OPENAI_*`) and the recommended `.qwe
### Environment Variables Table
| Variable | Description | Notes |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_ENABLED` | Set to `true` or `1` to enable telemetry. Any other value is treated as disabling it. | Overrides the `telemetry.enabled` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_TARGET` | Sets the telemetry target (`local` or `gcp`). | Overrides the `telemetry.target` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_OTLP_ENDPOINT` | Sets the OTLP endpoint for telemetry. | Overrides the `telemetry.otlpEndpoint` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_OTLP_PROTOCOL` | Sets the OTLP protocol (`grpc` or `http`). | Overrides the `telemetry.otlpProtocol` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_LOG_PROMPTS` | Set to `true` or `1` to enable or disable logging of user prompts. Any other value is treated as disabling it. | Overrides the `telemetry.logPrompts` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_OUTFILE` | Sets the file path to write telemetry to when the target is `local`. | Overrides the `telemetry.outfile` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_USE_COLLECTOR` | Set to `true` or `1` to enable or disable using an external OTLP collector. Any other value is treated as disabling it. | Overrides the `telemetry.useCollector` setting. |
| `QWEN_SANDBOX` | Alternative to the `sandbox` setting in `settings.json`. | Accepts `true`, `false`, `docker`, `podman`, or a custom command string. |
| `QWEN_SANDBOX_IMAGE` | Overrides sandbox image selection for Docker/Podman. | Takes precedence over `tools.sandboxImage`. |
| `SEATBELT_PROFILE` | (macOS specific) Switches the Seatbelt (`sandbox-exec`) profile on macOS. | `permissive-open`: (Default) Restricts writes to the project folder (and a few other folders, see `packages/cli/src/utils/sandbox-macos-permissive-open.sb`) but allows other operations. `strict`: Uses a strict profile that declines operations by default. `<profile_name>`: Uses a custom profile. To define a custom profile, create a file named `sandbox-macos-<profile_name>.sb` in your project's `.qwen/` directory (e.g., `my-project/.qwen/sandbox-macos-custom.sb`). |
| `DEBUG` or `DEBUG_MODE` | (often used by underlying libraries or the CLI itself) Set to `true` or `1` to enable verbose debug logging, which can be helpful for troubleshooting. | **Note:** These variables are automatically excluded from project `.env` files by default to prevent interference with the CLI behavior. Use `.qwen/.env` files if you need to set these for Qwen Code specifically. |
| `NO_COLOR` | Set to any value to disable all color output in the CLI. | |
| `CLI_TITLE` | Set to a string to customize the title of the CLI. | |
| `CODE_ASSIST_ENDPOINT` | Specifies the endpoint for the code assist server. | This is useful for development and testing. |
| Variable | Description | Notes |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_ENABLED` | Set to `true` or `1` to enable telemetry. Any other value is treated as disabling it. | Overrides the `telemetry.enabled` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_TARGET` | Sets the telemetry target (`local` or `gcp`). | Overrides the `telemetry.target` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_OTLP_ENDPOINT` | Sets the OTLP endpoint for telemetry. | Overrides the `telemetry.otlpEndpoint` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_OTLP_PROTOCOL` | Sets the OTLP protocol (`grpc` or `http`). | Overrides the `telemetry.otlpProtocol` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_LOG_PROMPTS` | Set to `true` or `1` to enable or disable logging of user prompts. Any other value is treated as disabling it. | Overrides the `telemetry.logPrompts` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_OUTFILE` | Sets the file path to write telemetry to when the target is `local`. | Overrides the `telemetry.outfile` setting. |
| `QWEN_TELEMETRY_USE_COLLECTOR` | Set to `true` or `1` to enable or disable using an external OTLP collector. Any other value is treated as disabling it. | Overrides the `telemetry.useCollector` setting. |
| `QWEN_SANDBOX` | Alternative to the `sandbox` setting in `settings.json`. | Accepts `true`, `false`, `docker`, `podman`, or a custom command string. |
| `QWEN_SANDBOX_IMAGE` | Overrides sandbox image selection for Docker/Podman. | Takes precedence over `tools.sandboxImage`. |
| `SEATBELT_PROFILE` | (macOS specific) Switches the Seatbelt (`sandbox-exec`) profile on macOS. | `permissive-open`: (Default) Restricts writes to the project folder (and a few other folders, see `packages/cli/src/utils/sandbox-macos-permissive-open.sb`) but allows other operations. `strict`: Uses a strict profile that declines operations by default. `<profile_name>`: Uses a custom profile. To define a custom profile, create a file named `sandbox-macos-<profile_name>.sb` in your project's `.qwen/` directory (e.g., `my-project/.qwen/sandbox-macos-custom.sb`). |
| `DEBUG` or `DEBUG_MODE` | (often used by underlying libraries or the CLI itself) Set to `true` or `1` to enable verbose debug logging, which can be helpful for troubleshooting. | **Note:** These variables are automatically excluded from project `.env` files by default to prevent interference with the CLI behavior. Use `.qwen/.env` files if you need to set these for Qwen Code specifically. |
| `NO_COLOR` | Set to any value to disable all color output in the CLI. | |
| `CLI_TITLE` | Set to a string to customize the title of the CLI. | |
| `CODE_ASSIST_ENDPOINT` | Specifies the endpoint for the code assist server. | This is useful for development and testing. |
| `QWEN_CODE_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS` | Overrides the default maximum output tokens per response. When not set, Qwen Code uses an adaptive strategy: starts with 8K tokens and automatically retries with 64K if the response is truncated. Set this to a specific value (e.g., `16000`) to use a fixed limit instead. | Takes precedence over the capped default (8K) but is overridden by `samplingParams.max_tokens` in settings. Disables automatic escalation when set. Example: `export QWEN_CODE_MAX_OUTPUT_TOKENS=16000` |
| `TAVILY_API_KEY` | Your API key for the Tavily web search service. | Used to enable the `web_search` tool functionality. Example: `export TAVILY_API_KEY="tvly-your-api-key-here"` |
| `TAVILY_API_KEY` | Your API key for the Tavily web search service. | Used to enable the `web_search` tool functionality. Example: `export TAVILY_API_KEY="tvly-your-api-key-here"` |
## Command-Line Arguments

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@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ approvalMode: auto-edit # Optional: default, plan, auto-edit, yolo
tools: # Optional: allowlist of tools
- tool1
- tool2
disallowedTools: # Optional: blocklist of tools
- tool3
---
System prompt content goes here.
@ -150,6 +152,55 @@ You are a code reviewer. Analyze the code and report findings.
Do not modify any files.
```
#### Tool Configuration
Use `tools` and `disallowedTools` to control which tools a subagent can access.
**`tools` (allowlist):** When specified, the subagent can only use the listed tools. When omitted, the subagent inherits all available tools from the parent session.
```
---
name: reader
description: Read-only agent for code exploration
tools:
- read_file
- grep_search
- glob
- list_directory
---
```
**`disallowedTools` (blocklist):** When specified, the listed tools are removed from the subagent's tool pool. This is useful when you want "everything except X" without listing every permitted tool.
```
---
name: safe-worker
description: Agent that cannot modify files
disallowedTools:
- write_file
- edit
- run_shell_command
---
```
If both `tools` and `disallowedTools` are set, the allowlist is applied first, then the blocklist removes from that set.
**MCP tools** follow the same rules. If a subagent has no `tools` list, it inherits all MCP tools from the parent session. If a subagent has an explicit `tools` list, it only gets MCP tools that are explicitly named in that list.
The `disallowedTools` field supports MCP server-level patterns:
- `mcp__server__tool_name` — blocks a specific MCP tool
- `mcp__server` — blocks all tools from that MCP server
```
---
name: no-slack
description: Agent without Slack access
disallowedTools:
- mcp__slack
---
```
#### Example Usage
```
@ -532,7 +583,7 @@ Always follow these standards:
## Security Considerations
- **Tool Restrictions**: Subagents only have access to their configured tools
- **Tool Restrictions**: Use `tools` to limit which tools a subagent can access, or `disallowedTools` to block specific tools while inheriting everything else
- **Permission Mode**: Subagents inherit their parent's permission mode by default. Plan-mode sessions cannot escalate to auto-edit through delegated agents. Privileged modes (auto-edit, yolo) are blocked in untrusted folders.
- **Sandboxing**: All tool execution follows the same security model as direct tool use
- **Audit Trail**: All Subagents actions are logged and visible in real-time

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@ -260,7 +260,8 @@ function hasAnyProviderEntries(modelProviders: unknown): boolean {
}
return Object.values(modelProviders).some(
(providerModels) => Array.isArray(providerModels) && providerModels.length > 0,
(providerModels) =>
Array.isArray(providerModels) && providerModels.length > 0,
);
}
@ -272,15 +273,15 @@ function getModelProvidersOverrideWarnings(
return [];
}
const userOriginal =
loadedSettings.user.originalSettings as unknown as Record<string, unknown>;
const workspaceOriginal =
loadedSettings.workspace.originalSettings as unknown as Record<
string,
unknown
>;
const userOriginal = loadedSettings.user
.originalSettings as unknown as Record<string, unknown>;
const workspaceOriginal = loadedSettings.workspace
.originalSettings as unknown as Record<string, unknown>;
if (!hasOwnModelProviders(userOriginal) || !hasOwnModelProviders(workspaceOriginal)) {
if (
!hasOwnModelProviders(userOriginal) ||
!hasOwnModelProviders(workspaceOriginal)
) {
return [];
}
@ -290,7 +291,10 @@ function getModelProvidersOverrideWarnings(
isPlainObject(workspaceModelProviders) &&
Object.keys(workspaceModelProviders).length === 0;
if (!workspaceIsEmptyModelProviders || !hasAnyProviderEntries(userModelProviders)) {
if (
!workspaceIsEmptyModelProviders ||
!hasAnyProviderEntries(userModelProviders)
) {
return [];
}

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@ -316,20 +316,6 @@ describe('BaseSelectionList', () => {
expect(output).not.toContain('Item 4');
});
it('should scroll down when activeIndex moves beyond the visible window', async () => {
const { updateActiveIndex, lastFrame } = renderScrollableList(0);
// Move to index 3 (Item 4). Should trigger scroll.
// New visible window should be Items 2, 3, 4 (scroll offset 1).
await updateActiveIndex(3);
const output = lastFrame();
expect(output).not.toContain('Item 1');
expect(output).toContain('Item 2');
expect(output).toContain('Item 4');
expect(output).not.toContain('Item 5');
});
it.skip('should scroll up when activeIndex moves before the visible window', async () => {
const { updateActiveIndex, lastFrame } = renderScrollableList(0);

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@ -9,8 +9,16 @@
import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi, afterEach } from 'vitest';
import { renderHook, waitFor, act } from '@testing-library/react';
import { useAtCompletion } from './useAtCompletion.js';
import type { Config, FileSearch , FileSystemStructure } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
import { FileSearchFactory , createTmpDir, cleanupTmpDir } from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
import type {
Config,
FileSearch,
FileSystemStructure,
} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
import {
FileSearchFactory,
createTmpDir,
cleanupTmpDir,
} from '@qwen-code/qwen-code-core';
import { useState } from 'react';
import type { Suggestion } from '../components/SuggestionsDisplay.js';

View file

@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ import type {
} from './agent-events.js';
import { type AgentEventEmitter, AgentEventType } from './agent-events.js';
import { AgentStatistics, type AgentStatsSummary } from './agent-statistics.js';
import { matchesMcpPattern } from '../../permissions/rule-parser.js';
import { AgentTool } from '../../tools/agent.js';
import { ToolNames } from '../../tools/tool-names.js';
import { DEFAULT_QWEN_MODEL } from '../../config/models.js';
@ -315,6 +316,19 @@ export class AgentCore {
);
}
// Apply disallowedTools blocklist (supports MCP server-level patterns).
if (this.toolConfig?.disallowedTools?.length) {
const disallowed = this.toolConfig.disallowedTools;
return toolsList.filter((t) => {
if (!t.name) return true;
return !disallowed.some((pattern) =>
t.name!.startsWith('mcp__')
? matchesMcpPattern(pattern, t.name!)
: pattern === t.name,
);
});
}
return toolsList;
}

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@ -72,6 +72,13 @@ export interface ToolConfig {
* that the agent is permitted to use.
*/
tools: Array<string | FunctionDeclaration>;
/**
* Optional list of tool names to exclude from the agent's tool pool.
* Applied after the allowlist and MCP bypass. Supports MCP server-level
* patterns (e.g., "mcp__server" blocks all tools from that server).
*/
disallowedTools?: string[];
}
/**

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@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ export function matchesDomainPattern(
* "mcp__puppeteer__*" wildcard syntax, also matches all tools from the server
* "mcp__puppeteer__puppeteer_navigate" matches only that exact tool
*/
function matchesMcpPattern(pattern: string, toolName: string): boolean {
export function matchesMcpPattern(pattern: string, toolName: string): boolean {
if (pattern === toolName) {
return true;
}

View file

@ -95,6 +95,22 @@ describe('SubagentManager', () => {
// Setup yaml parser mocks with sophisticated behavior
mockParseYaml.mockImplementation((yamlString: string) => {
// Handle different test cases based on YAML content
// Check disallowedTools before tools to avoid substring match
if (yamlString.includes('disallowedTools: write_file')) {
// Scalar form
return {
name: 'test-agent',
description: 'A test subagent',
disallowedTools: 'write_file',
};
}
if (yamlString.includes('disallowedTools:')) {
return {
name: 'test-agent',
description: 'A test subagent',
disallowedTools: ['write_file', 'mcp__slack'],
};
}
if (yamlString.includes('tools:')) {
return {
name: 'test-agent',
@ -147,7 +163,9 @@ describe('SubagentManager', () => {
mockStringifyYaml.mockImplementation((obj: Record<string, unknown>) => {
let yaml = '';
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(obj)) {
if (key === 'tools' && Array.isArray(value)) {
if (key === 'disallowedTools' && Array.isArray(value)) {
yaml += `disallowedTools:\n${value.map((t) => ` - ${t}`).join('\n')}\n`;
} else if (key === 'tools' && Array.isArray(value)) {
yaml += `tools:\n${value.map((tool) => ` - ${tool}`).join('\n')}\n`;
} else if (key === 'model') {
yaml += `model: ${value}\n`;
@ -239,6 +257,46 @@ You are a helpful assistant.
expect(config.tools).toEqual(['read_file', 'write_file']);
});
it('should parse content with disallowedTools array', () => {
const markdownWithDisallowed = `---
name: test-agent
description: A test subagent
disallowedTools:
- write_file
- mcp__slack
---
You are a helpful assistant.
`;
const config = manager.parseSubagentContent(
markdownWithDisallowed,
validConfig.filePath!,
'project',
);
expect(config.disallowedTools).toEqual(['write_file', 'mcp__slack']);
});
it('should normalize scalar disallowedTools to array', () => {
const markdownWithScalar = `---
name: test-agent
description: A test subagent
disallowedTools: write_file
---
You are a helpful assistant.
`;
const config = manager.parseSubagentContent(
markdownWithScalar,
validConfig.filePath!,
'project',
);
expect(config.disallowedTools).toEqual(['write_file']);
});
it('should parse content with model selector', () => {
const markdownWithModel = `---
name: test-agent
@ -470,6 +528,41 @@ You are a helpful assistant.
expect(serialized).not.toContain('tools:');
expect(serialized).not.toContain('model:');
expect(serialized).not.toContain('runConfig:');
expect(serialized).not.toContain('disallowedTools:');
});
it('should serialize configuration with disallowedTools', () => {
const configWithDisallowed: SubagentConfig = {
...validConfig,
disallowedTools: ['write_file', 'mcp__slack'],
};
const serialized = manager.serializeSubagent(configWithDisallowed);
expect(serialized).toContain('disallowedTools:');
expect(serialized).toContain('- write_file');
expect(serialized).toContain('- mcp__slack');
});
it('should roundtrip disallowedTools through serialize and parse', () => {
const configWithDisallowed: SubagentConfig = {
...validConfig,
disallowedTools: ['write_file', 'mcp__slack'],
};
const serialized = manager.serializeSubagent(configWithDisallowed);
expect(serialized).toContain('disallowedTools:');
expect(serialized).toContain('- write_file');
expect(serialized).toContain('- mcp__slack');
const parsed = manager.parseSubagentContent(
serialized,
validConfig.filePath!,
'project',
);
expect(parsed.disallowedTools).toEqual(['write_file', 'mcp__slack']);
});
});

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@ -583,6 +583,10 @@ export class SubagentManager {
frontmatter['tools'] = config.tools;
}
if (config.disallowedTools && config.disallowedTools.length > 0) {
frontmatter['disallowedTools'] = config.disallowedTools;
}
if (config.model && config.model !== 'inherit') {
frontmatter['model'] = config.model;
}
@ -730,10 +734,22 @@ export class SubagentManager {
};
let toolConfig: ToolConfig | undefined;
if (config.tools && config.tools.length > 0) {
const toolNames = this.transformToToolNames(config.tools);
if (
(config.tools && config.tools.length > 0) ||
(config.disallowedTools && config.disallowedTools.length > 0)
) {
const toolNames = config.tools
? this.transformToToolNames(config.tools)
: ['*'];
toolConfig = {
tools: toolNames,
...(config.disallowedTools && config.disallowedTools.length > 0
? {
disallowedTools: this.transformToToolNames(
config.disallowedTools,
),
}
: {}),
};
}
@ -1024,6 +1040,16 @@ function parseSubagentContent(
// Extract optional fields
const tools = frontmatter['tools'] as string[] | undefined;
const disallowedToolsRaw = frontmatter['disallowedTools'];
const disallowedTools: string[] | undefined = Array.isArray(
disallowedToolsRaw,
)
? disallowedToolsRaw.filter(
(item): item is string => typeof item === 'string',
)
: typeof disallowedToolsRaw === 'string'
? [disallowedToolsRaw]
: undefined;
const modelRaw = frontmatter['model'];
const legacyModelConfig = frontmatter['modelConfig'] as
| Record<string, unknown>
@ -1065,6 +1091,7 @@ function parseSubagentContent(
name,
description,
tools,
disallowedTools,
approvalMode,
systemPrompt: systemPrompt.trim(),
filePath,

View file

@ -51,6 +51,14 @@ export interface SubagentConfig {
*/
tools?: string[];
/**
* Optional list of tool names that this subagent is NOT allowed to use.
* Applied after the allowlist (`tools`) and MCP bypass. Supports
* MCP server-level patterns (e.g., "mcp__server" blocks all tools
* from that server).
*/
disallowedTools?: string[];
/**
* Optional permission mode for this subagent.
* Controls how tool calls are approved during execution.

View file

@ -344,6 +344,36 @@ describe('SubagentValidator', () => {
expect(result.errors).toHaveLength(0);
});
it('should accept valid disallowedTools', () => {
const result = validator.validateConfig({
...validConfig,
disallowedTools: ['write_file', 'mcp__slack'],
});
expect(result.isValid).toBe(true);
expect(result.errors).toHaveLength(0);
});
it('should reject non-string entries in disallowedTools', () => {
const result = validator.validateConfig({
...validConfig,
// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
disallowedTools: [123, 'write_file'] as any,
});
expect(result.isValid).toBe(false);
expect(result.errors).toContain(
'Tool name must be a string, got: number',
);
});
it('should reject empty strings in disallowedTools', () => {
const result = validator.validateConfig({
...validConfig,
disallowedTools: ['', 'write_file'],
});
expect(result.isValid).toBe(false);
expect(result.errors).toContain('Tool name cannot be empty');
});
it('should collect errors from all validation steps', () => {
const invalidConfig: SubagentConfig = {
name: '',

View file

@ -55,6 +55,15 @@ export class SubagentValidator {
warnings.push(...toolsValidation.warnings);
}
// Validate disallowedTools if specified
if (config.disallowedTools && config.disallowedTools.length > 0) {
const disallowedValidation = this.validateTools(config.disallowedTools);
if (!disallowedValidation.isValid) {
errors.push(...disallowedValidation.errors);
}
warnings.push(...disallowedValidation.warnings);
}
// Validate model selector if specified
if (config.model) {
const modelValidation = this.validateModel(config.model);