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+# HttpApi Route Patterns
+
+Use `HttpApiBuilder.group(...)` for normal HTTP endpoints, including streaming HTTP responses such as server-sent events. Handlers should yield stable services once while building the handler layer, then close over those services in endpoint implementations.
+
+```ts
+export const sessionHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "session", (handlers) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const session = yield* Session.Service
+
+    return handlers.handle("list", () => session.list())
+  }),
+)
+```
+
+For SSE endpoints, stay in `HttpApiBuilder.group(...)` and return `HttpServerResponse.stream(...)` from the handler. Annotate the endpoint success schema with `HttpApiSchema.asText({ contentType: "text/event-stream" })` so OpenAPI documents the stream content type.
+
+Use raw `HttpRouter.use(...)` only for routes that do not fit the request/response HttpApi model, such as WebSocket upgrade routes or catch-all fallback routes. Yield stable services at route-layer construction and close over them in `router.add(...)` callbacks.
+
+```ts
+export const rawRoute = HttpRouter.use((router) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const pty = yield* Pty.Service
+
+    yield* router.add("GET", PtyPaths.connect, (request) => connectPty(request, pty))
+  }),
+)
+```
+
+Avoid `Effect.provide(SomeLayer)` inside request handlers or raw route callbacks. Stable layers should be provided once at the application/layer boundary, not rebuilt or scoped per request.
+
+Avoid `HttpRouter.provideRequest(...)` unless the dependency is intentionally request-level. Prefer `HttpRouter.use(...)` for stable app services.
+
+Use `Effect.provideService(...)` in middleware only for request-derived context, such as `WorkspaceRouteContext`, `InstanceRef`, or `WorkspaceRef`. Do not use it to smuggle stable services through request effects when they can be yielded at layer construction.
+
+When adding middleware, compose it at the layer boundary and keep the route tree explicit in `server.ts`. Shared router middleware such as auth, workspace routing, and instance context should stay visible where routes are assembled.