diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 4c36f41106c..13a76c0a1f0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Run unit tests
         timeout-minutes: 20
-        run: bun turbo test --output-logs=errors-only --log-order=grouped --log-prefix=task
+        run: GITHUB_ACTIONS=false bun turbo test
         env:
           OPENCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_DISABLE_FILEWATCHER: ${{ runner.os == 'Windows' && 'true' || 'false' }}
 
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Node
         uses: actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020 # v4.4.0
         with:
-          node-version: "24"
+          # Playwright 1.59 hangs while extracting Chromium with Node 24.16.
+          node-version: "24.15"
 
       - name: Setup Bun
         uses: ./.github/actions/setup-bun
diff --git a/AGENTS.md b/AGENTS.md
index 02b1c4cb772..4c6be738db5 100644
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ const table = sqliteTable("session", {
 
 ## Testing
 
-- Avoid mocks as much as possible
+- Avoid mocks as much as possible, you shouldn't be using globalThis.\* at all unless it's the only option.
 - Test actual implementation, do not duplicate logic into tests
 - Tests cannot run from repo root (guard: `do-not-run-tests-from-root`); run from package dirs like `packages/opencode`.
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ const table = sqliteTable("session", {
 - Keep `SessionExecution` process-global and Session-ID based. Its local implementation owns the process-local Session coordinator and discovers placement through `SessionStore` plus `LocationServiceMap.get(session.location)` only when a drain starts; no layer should take a Session ID. V2 interruption targets the active process-local ownership chain for that Session; idle or missing interruption is a no-op.
 - Keep `SessionRunner`, model resolution, tool registry, permissions, and filesystem Location-scoped. Omitted `Location.workspaceID` means implicit-local placement; explicit workspace identity remains reserved for future placement semantics.
 - Preserve one explicit `llm.stream(request)` call per provider turn and reload projected history before durable continuation. Do not bridge through legacy `SessionPrompt.loop(...)` or delegate orchestration to an in-memory tool loop.
-- Keep local Session drains process-local until clustering is implemented. `SessionRunCoordinator` joins explicit same-Session resumes, coalesces prompt wakeups, and allows different Sessions to run concurrently. Advisory wakes drain eligible durable inbox rows only; post-crash activity recovery requires a separate explicit design before it may retry provider work.
-- Keep delivery vocabulary explicit. Prompts steer by default and coalesce into the active activity at the next safe provider-turn boundary. Explicit `queue` inputs open FIFO future activities one at a time after the active activity settles.
+- Keep local Session drains process-local until clustering is implemented. `SessionRunCoordinator` joins explicit same-Session resumes, coalesces prompt wakeups, and allows different Sessions to run concurrently. Advisory wakes drain eligible durable inbox rows only; post-crash continuation recovery requires a separate explicit design before it may retry provider work. A drain has no durable identity or transcript boundary.
+- Keep delivery vocabulary explicit. Prompts steer by default and promote at the next safe provider-turn boundary while the current drain requires continuation. An explicit `queue` input remains pending until the Session would otherwise become idle; promote one queued input at that boundary, then reevaluate continuation before promoting another. Promoting any new user input resets the selected agent's provider-turn allowance; a batch of steers resets it once.
 - Keep EventV2 replay owner claims separate from clustered Session execution ownership.
 - Keep the System Context algebra, registry, and built-ins in `src/system-context`; keep Context Source producers with their observed domains, and keep Session History selection plus Context Epoch persistence Session-owned.
diff --git a/CONTEXT.md b/CONTEXT.md
index 1c12ba641c1..7fe7f3fc8da 100644
--- a/CONTEXT.md
+++ b/CONTEXT.md
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ A durable chronological instruction that tells the model the newly effective sta
 _Avoid_: System update, system notification, raw text diff
 
 **Context Epoch**:
-The span during which one effective agent's initially rendered **System Context** remains immutable, ending at compaction or another baseline-replacing transition.
+The span during which one initially rendered **System Context** remains the immutable provider-cache baseline, ending at completed compaction, Session movement, or an incompatible context transition that requires a fresh baseline.
 
 **Baseline System Context**:
 The full **System Context** rendered at the start of a **Context Epoch**.
@@ -39,6 +39,18 @@ An expected temporary inability to observe a **Context Source** value; the runti
 **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary**:
 The point immediately before a provider call, after durable input promotion and any required tool settlement, where context changes may be admitted chronologically.
 
+**Admitted Prompt**:
+A durable user input accepted into the Session inbox but not yet included in **Session History**.
+
+**Prompt Promotion**:
+The durable transition that removes an **Admitted Prompt** from pending input and appends its user message to **Session History**.
+
+**Provider Turn**:
+One request to a model provider and the response projected from that request.
+
+**Session Drain**:
+One process-local execution span that promotes eligible input and runs required **Provider Turns** until no immediate continuation remains. A Session Drain has no durable identity or transcript boundary.
+
 **Model Tool Output**:
 The bounded projection of a Core-executed tool result persisted in Session history and replayed to the model. A tool may shape this projection semantically, but the Tool Registry enforces the final size limit.
 
@@ -67,6 +79,11 @@ The host-supplied environment overlay applied by the server when creating a PTY,
 - Changes from multiple **Context Sources** admitted at one safe boundary combine into one **Mid-Conversation System Message**.
 - Context changes are sampled and admitted lazily at a **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary**, never pushed asynchronously when their source changes.
 - At a **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary**, newly promoted user input or settled tool results precede any combined **Mid-Conversation System Message**.
+- An **Admitted Prompt** is replayable pending input, not yet model-visible **Session History**.
+- **Prompt Promotion** atomically consumes the pending inbox entry and appends its model-visible user message.
+- Steering prompts promote at the next **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary** while the current **Session Drain** still requires continuation. Promoting any newly admitted user input resets the selected agent's provider-turn allowance; multiple prompts promoted at one boundary reset it once.
+- A queued prompt does not promote while the current **Session Drain** requires continuation. The runner promotes one queued prompt when the Session would otherwise become idle, then reevaluates continuation before promoting another.
+- A **Session Drain** is process-local coordination rather than a durable domain entity. Durable recovery must reason from prompts, projected history, provider attempts, and tool state rather than inventing an enclosing execution identity.
 - The first provider turn renders the latest complete **Baseline System Context** and initializes its **Context Snapshot** without emitting a redundant **Mid-Conversation System Message**; unavailable initial context blocks the turn instead of persisting an incomplete baseline.
 - Initial **System Context** preparation precedes the first durable input promotion so an unavailable baseline leaves that input pending and retryable; ordinary reconciliation remains after promotion.
 - Compaction starts a new **Context Epoch** with a freshly rendered **Baseline System Context** and **Context Snapshot**; prior **Mid-Conversation System Messages** remain durable audit history but leave projected model history.
@@ -75,31 +92,28 @@ The host-supplied environment overlay applied by the server when creating a PTY,
 - Each **Context Source** loader returns one coherent typed value. `SystemContext.make(...)` hides that value type so differently typed sources compose uniformly. Its codec compares and stores that value; its pure renderers produce model-visible baseline, update, and removal text only when needed.
 - `SystemContext.initialize(...)` observes a composed **System Context** once and produces a fresh **Baseline System Context** with its **Context Snapshot**.
 - `SystemContext.reconcile(...)` observes a composed **System Context** once and returns exactly one next action: unchanged, updated, replacement ready, or replacement blocked.
-- `SystemContext.replace(...)` represents an explicit baseline-replacing transition such as compaction or model/provider switch; it either produces a fresh generation or reports that replacement is blocked by unavailable admitted context.
-- Context Epoch preparation retries until stable after optimistic revision mismatches so concurrent replacement requests cannot terminate an otherwise valid safe-boundary run.
+- `SystemContext.replace(...)` renders a fresh generation after completed compaction or another baseline-replacing transition; it reports replacement blocked while previously admitted context is unavailable.
 - **Unavailable Context** uses stale-while-revalidate semantics and is distinct from a successfully loaded absence, which may emit removal text.
 - Ordinary **Context Source** loaders return values directly; loaders that intentionally use stale-while-revalidate may explicitly return **Unavailable Context**.
 - Nested project instruction discovery after successful reads remains a follow-up; when implemented, discovered instructions must be admitted durably at the next **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary**.
 - Location-scoped services naturally re-resolve effective context when a moved session next runs in its destination location.
 - Moving a Session clears its active **Context Epoch**, so the destination must initialize a complete baseline before another prompt can promote.
-- Context Epoch initialization is fenced against the authoritative Session Location, so an old-Location runner cannot recreate source context after a concurrent move.
 - Instruction discovery, source identity, persistence, and file loading belong to the instruction service; the **System Context** abstraction only composes effectful producers and renders loaded values.
 - The first instruction-service slice observes global and upward project `AGENTS.md` files as one ordered aggregate **Context Source** at each **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary**.
 - Built-in and instruction context producers register through the **System Context Registry** with stable contribution keys. Plugin-defined context registration and hot-reload lifecycle remain a follow-up built on the same scoped registry seam.
 - Selected-agent available-skill guidance is a **Context Source** composed with Location-wide registry sources immediately before Context Epoch admission. It lists only names and descriptions permitted for that agent; skill bodies and locations are exposed only through the permission-checked `skill` tool.
-- Switching the selected agent requests **Context Epoch** replacement. A switch admitted after the current **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary** applies to the next provider turn while leaving the already-prepared baseline durable. Epoch creation is fenced against the authoritative effective agent, and retries re-observe the current agent.
-- A cross-agent replacement must complete before another provider turn; unavailable admitted context blocks that replacement instead of exposing the previous agent's privileged baseline.
+- The selected agent and model are sampled when a provider turn starts. Changes admitted after that boundary apply to the next provider turn and do not restart the current turn.
+- Selected-agent available-skill guidance remains a **Context Source**. An agent switch that changes that guidance produces a **Mid-Conversation System Message** while preserving the current baseline.
 - Local tool authorization and pending permission requests retain the effective agent of the provider turn that issued the call; a later agent switch cannot change that call's policy.
 - Context source changes never wake idle sessions; the next naturally scheduled **Safe Provider-Turn Boundary** loads and compares current values lazily.
 - Once admitted, a **Mid-Conversation System Message** remains durable even if the following provider attempt fails and is replayed unchanged on retry.
 - **Mid-Conversation System Messages** remain durable Session-message history; normal user-facing transcript surfaces may hide them.
 - The date **Context Source** initially preserves host-local calendar-date behavior; a configured user timezone may replace that default later.
 - A **Context Epoch** begins with one immutable **Baseline System Context**.
-- A **Context Epoch** durably records the effective agent that owns its **Baseline System Context**.
 - A **Baseline System Context** is stored durably and reused verbatim across process restarts within its **Context Epoch**.
 - A **Baseline System Context** durably preserves the exact joined text used for the active provider-cache prefix.
-- Compaction or a model/provider switch starts a new **Context Epoch** because the baseline can be replaced without preserving the prior provider cache.
-- A model/provider switch always starts a new **Context Epoch** while preserving chronological conversation history.
+- Completed compaction starts a new **Context Epoch** on the next provider attempt, folding the current complete **System Context** into a fresh baseline and removing earlier **Mid-Conversation System Messages** from active model history.
+- A model/provider switch preserves the current **Context Epoch** and chronological conversation history; the new selection applies to the next provider turn.
 - **Model Request Options** remain provider-semantic through Catalog resolution. The Session runner maps them into the LLM package's provider-option namespace; the selected protocol adapter alone owns provider wire encoding.
 - **Generation Controls**, protocol-semantic **Model Request Options**, and compatibility request body fields are separate Catalog domains. A shared ingestion adapter partitions legacy and models.dev AI-SDK-shaped options before routing.
 - The **PTY Environment** is a server concern rather than a Core PTY concern. PTY creation merges caller values, then the host overlay, then Core-forced terminal invariants such as `TERM` and `OPENCODE_TERMINAL`.
diff --git a/bun.lock b/bun.lock
index 4e4aa7a707d..657424dfef1 100644
--- a/bun.lock
+++ b/bun.lock
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     },
     "packages/app": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/app",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
     },
     "packages/cli": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/cli",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "bin": {
         "lildax": "./bin/lildax.cjs",
       },
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/app": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-app",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@cloudflare/vite-plugin": "1.15.2",
         "@ibm/plex": "6.4.1",
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/core": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-core",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@aws-sdk/client-sts": "3.782.0",
         "@jsx-email/render": "1.1.1",
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/function": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-function",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@ai-sdk/anthropic": "3.0.82",
         "@ai-sdk/openai": "3.0.48",
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/mail": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-mail",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@jsx-email/all": "2.2.3",
         "@jsx-email/cli": "1.4.3",
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@
     },
     "packages/console/support": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/console-support",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@cloudflare/vite-plugin": "1.15.2",
         "@opencode-ai/console-core": "workspace:*",
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
     },
     "packages/core": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/core",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "bin": {
         "opencode": "./bin/opencode",
       },
@@ -276,6 +276,7 @@
         "@opencode-ai/effect-drizzle-sqlite": "workspace:*",
         "@opencode-ai/effect-sqlite-node": "workspace:*",
         "@opencode-ai/llm": "workspace:*",
+        "@opencode-ai/plugin": "workspace:*",
         "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider": "2.9.0",
         "@opentelemetry/api": "1.9.0",
         "@opentelemetry/context-async-hooks": "2.6.1",
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@
     },
     "packages/desktop": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/desktop",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@zip.js/zip.js": "2.7.62",
         "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@
     },
     "packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/effect-drizzle-sqlite",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "drizzle-orm": "catalog:",
         "effect": "catalog:",
@@ -399,7 +400,7 @@
     },
     "packages/effect-sqlite-node": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/effect-sqlite-node",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "effect": "catalog:",
       },
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@
     },
     "packages/enterprise": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/enterprise",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@hono/standard-validator": "catalog:",
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -442,7 +443,7 @@
     },
     "packages/function": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/function",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@octokit/auth-app": "8.0.1",
         "@octokit/rest": "catalog:",
@@ -458,10 +459,10 @@
     },
     "packages/http-recorder": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/http-recorder",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
-        "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.74",
-        "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-beta.74",
+        "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.83",
+        "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-beta.83",
       },
       "devDependencies": {
         "@tsconfig/node22": "catalog:",
@@ -472,12 +473,12 @@
         "typescript": "catalog:",
       },
       "peerDependencies": {
-        "effect": "4.0.0-beta.74",
+        "effect": "4.0.0-beta.83",
       },
     },
     "packages/llm": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/llm",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@smithy/eventstream-codec": "4.2.14",
         "@smithy/util-utf8": "4.2.2",
@@ -495,7 +496,7 @@
     },
     "packages/opencode": {
       "name": "opencode",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "bin": {
         "opencode": "./bin/opencode",
       },
@@ -623,8 +624,9 @@
     },
     "packages/plugin": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/plugin",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
+        "@ai-sdk/provider": "3.0.8",
         "@opencode-ai/sdk": "workspace:*",
         "effect": "catalog:",
         "zod": "catalog:",
@@ -661,7 +663,7 @@
     },
     "packages/sdk/js": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/sdk",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "cross-spawn": "catalog:",
       },
@@ -676,7 +678,7 @@
     },
     "packages/server": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/server",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
         "drizzle-orm": "catalog:",
@@ -690,7 +692,7 @@
     },
     "packages/slack": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/slack",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@opencode-ai/sdk": "workspace:*",
         "@slack/bolt": "^3.17.1",
@@ -703,7 +705,7 @@
     },
     "packages/stats/app": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/stats-app",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@ibm/plex": "6.4.1",
         "@opencode-ai/stats-core": "workspace:*",
@@ -736,7 +738,7 @@
     },
     "packages/stats/core": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/stats-core",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@aws-sdk/client-athena": "3.933.0",
         "@planetscale/database": "1.19.0",
@@ -755,7 +757,7 @@
     },
     "packages/stats/server": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/stats-server",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@aws-sdk/client-firehose": "3.933.0",
         "@effect/platform-node": "catalog:",
@@ -795,7 +797,7 @@
     },
     "packages/tui": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/tui",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
         "@opencode-ai/plugin": "workspace:*",
@@ -822,7 +824,7 @@
     },
     "packages/ui": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/ui",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@kobalte/core": "catalog:",
         "@opencode-ai/core": "workspace:*",
@@ -871,7 +873,7 @@
     },
     "packages/web": {
       "name": "@opencode-ai/web",
-      "version": "1.17.8",
+      "version": "1.17.9",
       "dependencies": {
         "@astrojs/cloudflare": "12.6.3",
         "@astrojs/markdown-remark": "6.3.1",
@@ -935,9 +937,9 @@
   },
   "catalog": {
     "@cloudflare/workers-types": "4.20251008.0",
-    "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-beta.74",
-    "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.74",
-    "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-beta.74",
+    "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-beta.83",
+    "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.83",
+    "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-beta.83",
     "@hono/standard-validator": "0.2.0",
     "@hono/zod-validator": "0.4.2",
     "@kobalte/core": "0.13.11",
@@ -973,7 +975,7 @@
     "dompurify": "3.3.1",
     "drizzle-kit": "1.0.0-rc.2",
     "drizzle-orm": "1.0.0-rc.2",
-    "effect": "4.0.0-beta.74",
+    "effect": "4.0.0-beta.83",
     "fuzzysort": "3.1.0",
     "hono": "4.10.7",
     "hono-openapi": "1.1.2",
@@ -1328,13 +1330,13 @@
 
     "@drizzle-team/brocli": ["@drizzle-team/brocli@0.11.0", "", {}, "sha512-hD3pekGiPg0WPCCGAZmusBBJsDqGUR66Y452YgQsZOnkdQ7ViEPKuyP4huUGEZQefp8g34RRodXYmJ2TbCH+tg=="],
 
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+    "@effect/opentelemetry": ["@effect/opentelemetry@4.0.0-beta.83", "", { "peerDependencies": { "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9", "@opentelemetry/api-logs": ">=0.203.0 <0.300.0", "@opentelemetry/resources": "^2.0.0", "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs": ">=0.203.0 <0.300.0", "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics": "^2.0.0", "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base": "^2.0.0", "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node": "^2.0.0", "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web": "^2.0.0", "@opentelemetry/semantic-conventions": "^1.33.0", "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.83" }, "optionalPeers": ["@opentelemetry/api", "@opentelemetry/api-logs", "@opentelemetry/resources", "@opentelemetry/sdk-logs", "@opentelemetry/sdk-metrics", "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base", "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node", "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web"] }, "sha512-cPfCfp/ghu0itbX6Dqjdr4N0rbjng5ON4sUpnLHV5JJySG8zZpWmuOZLWIrfrNKT2ctYR1BYmp1aYCgkItaJLw=="],
 
-    "@effect/platform-node": ["@effect/platform-node@4.0.0-beta.74", "", { "dependencies": { "@effect/platform-node-shared": "^4.0.0-beta.74", "mime": "^4.1.0", "undici": "^8.2.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.74", "ioredis": "^5.7.0" } }, "sha512-/W16mKqxvhWINLjufzc0log1sl57exXQfwd+em398/zKCbmU3S7snXTDMN6w0ju2TtgK35qrsoGBXEochij6Sg=="],
+    "@effect/platform-node": ["@effect/platform-node@4.0.0-beta.83", "", { "dependencies": { "@effect/platform-node-shared": "^4.0.0-beta.83", "mime": "^4.1.0", "undici": "^8.2.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.83", "ioredis": "^5.7.0" } }, "sha512-RmpVGu/+X/Bif3/g1Rzj8oFzTOknoVB3yHCa0b179vytPpKe+Kj9ZwKNcAnKWqHUDkbSPBq1Ca60mvOHr2/+LQ=="],
 
-    "@effect/platform-node-shared": ["@effect/platform-node-shared@4.0.0-beta.74", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/ws": "^8.18.1", "ws": "^8.20.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.74" } }, "sha512-C6C2hXixNcZXLaFF2u7B/FtOsqpdY7luaPuiGFBJza0P7EnYDkwaT3kB6lv7l/qctmkADc24qOsSCWIKRbC4jg=="],
+    "@effect/platform-node-shared": ["@effect/platform-node-shared@4.0.0-beta.83", "", { "dependencies": { "@types/ws": "^8.18.1", "ws": "^8.20.0" }, "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.83" } }, "sha512-+yr/+PJmKTgmJq1QOINSBPgLu7Cjc4CZcotBXnGjyDEizOmimFgTkN2B8PBJAKIKUWYWfobjXqC+58/VhhPKAw=="],
 
-    "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": ["@effect/sql-sqlite-bun@4.0.0-beta.74", "", { "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.74" } }, "sha512-RVMRVY7NhSoAp9cAAyy4TT6dt6NNZjOpWeqticoho9HNBukxQSUcu/kjcz4Iq9eoQfXadmepu8kZqtdZULM/fg=="],
+    "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": ["@effect/sql-sqlite-bun@4.0.0-beta.83", "", { "peerDependencies": { "effect": "^4.0.0-beta.83" } }, "sha512-6OaxLsWffxkh9pXYUSyj/AxjVb9URY2rG9U6atjxClWy30Jx77R9Pm3Rrc7cQ63kQurePavEw1bQbzQ/SILiQQ=="],
 
     "@electron/asar": ["@electron/asar@3.4.1", "", { "dependencies": { "commander": "^5.0.0", "glob": "^7.1.6", "minimatch": "^3.0.4" }, "bin": { "asar": "bin/asar.js" } }, "sha512-i4/rNPRS84t0vSRa2HorerGRXWyF4vThfHesw0dmcWHp+cspK743UanA0suA5Q5y8kzY2y6YKrvbIUn69BCAiA=="],
 
@@ -3366,7 +3368,7 @@
 
     "ee-first": ["ee-first@1.1.1", "", {}, "sha512-WMwm9LhRUo+WUaRN+vRuETqG89IgZphVSNkdFgeb6sS/E4OrDIN7t48CAewSHXc6C8lefD8KKfr5vY61brQlow=="],
 
-    "effect": ["effect@4.0.0-beta.74", "", { "dependencies": { "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0", "fast-check": "^4.8.0", "find-my-way-ts": "^0.1.6", "ini": "^7.0.0", "kubernetes-types": "^1.30.0", "msgpackr": "^2.0.1", "multipasta": "^0.2.7", "toml": "^4.1.1", "uuid": "^14.0.0", "yaml": "^2.9.0" } }, "sha512-Yx+Kh12U+i2FmjwEfKs+ePFmpMd43RPD1oGqc/VraSS9bYzvF0Ff3PojwEFEVEewp8xc92Uxu28gTspU4qyvHA=="],
+    "effect": ["effect@4.0.0-beta.83", "", { "dependencies": { "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0", "fast-check": "^4.8.0", "find-my-way-ts": "^0.1.6", "ini": "^7.0.0", "kubernetes-types": "^1.30.0", "msgpackr": "^2.0.1", "multipasta": "^0.2.7", "toml": "^4.1.1", "uuid": "^14.0.0", "yaml": "^2.9.0" } }, "sha512-0wsak8RtgGAr9UWSbVDgJHZcUqMSvicHcvaZv1MbMM7MCGgW4Rn/137J1MHQbwYPcwYGxT/IqehFd+UbYuj78w=="],
 
     "ejs": ["ejs@3.1.10", "", { "dependencies": { "jake": "^10.8.5" }, "bin": { "ejs": "bin/cli.js" } }, "sha512-UeJmFfOrAQS8OJWPZ4qtgHyWExa088/MtK5UEyoJGFH67cDEXkZSviOiKRCZ4Xij0zxI3JECgYs3oKx+AizQBA=="],
 
@@ -5898,6 +5900,10 @@
 
     "@solidjs/start/vite": ["vite@7.1.10", "", { "dependencies": { "esbuild": "^0.25.0", "fdir": "^6.5.0", "picomatch": "^4.0.3", "postcss": "^8.5.6", "rollup": "^4.43.0", "tinyglobby": "^0.2.15" }, "optionalDependencies": { "fsevents": "~2.3.3" }, "peerDependencies": { "@types/node": "^20.19.0 || >=22.12.0", "jiti": ">=1.21.0", "less": "^4.0.0", "lightningcss": "^1.21.0", "sass": "^1.70.0", "sass-embedded": "^1.70.0", "stylus": ">=0.54.8", "sugarss": "^5.0.0", "terser": "^5.16.0", "tsx": "^4.8.1", "yaml": "^2.4.2" }, "optionalPeers": ["@types/node", "jiti", "less", "lightningcss", "sass", "sass-embedded", "stylus", "sugarss", "terser", "tsx", "yaml"], "bin": { "vite": "bin/vite.js" } }, "sha512-CmuvUBzVJ/e3HGxhg6cYk88NGgTnBoOo7ogtfJJ0fefUWAxN/WDSUa50o+oVBxuIhO8FoEZW0j2eW7sfjs5EtA=="],
 
+    "@standard-community/standard-json/effect": ["effect@4.0.0-beta.74", "", { "dependencies": { "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0", "fast-check": "^4.8.0", "find-my-way-ts": "^0.1.6", "ini": "^7.0.0", "kubernetes-types": "^1.30.0", "msgpackr": "^2.0.1", "multipasta": "^0.2.7", "toml": "^4.1.1", "uuid": "^14.0.0", "yaml": "^2.9.0" } }, "sha512-Yx+Kh12U+i2FmjwEfKs+ePFmpMd43RPD1oGqc/VraSS9bYzvF0Ff3PojwEFEVEewp8xc92Uxu28gTspU4qyvHA=="],
+
+    "@standard-community/standard-openapi/effect": ["effect@4.0.0-beta.74", "", { "dependencies": { "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0", "fast-check": "^4.8.0", "find-my-way-ts": "^0.1.6", "ini": "^7.0.0", "kubernetes-types": "^1.30.0", "msgpackr": "^2.0.1", "multipasta": "^0.2.7", "toml": "^4.1.1", "uuid": "^14.0.0", "yaml": "^2.9.0" } }, "sha512-Yx+Kh12U+i2FmjwEfKs+ePFmpMd43RPD1oGqc/VraSS9bYzvF0Ff3PojwEFEVEewp8xc92Uxu28gTspU4qyvHA=="],
+
     "@storybook/csf-plugin/unplugin": ["unplugin@2.3.11", "", { "dependencies": { "@jridgewell/remapping": "^2.3.5", "acorn": "^8.15.0", "picomatch": "^4.0.3", "webpack-virtual-modules": "^0.6.2" } }, "sha512-5uKD0nqiYVzlmCRs01Fhs2BdkEgBS3SAVP6ndrBsuK42iC2+JHyxM05Rm9G8+5mkmRtzMZGY8Ct5+mliZxU/Ww=="],
 
     "@tailwindcss/oxide/detect-libc": ["detect-libc@2.1.2", "", {}, "sha512-Btj2BOOO83o3WyH59e8MgXsxEQVcarkUOpEYrubB0urwnN10yQ364rsiByU11nZlqWYZm05i/of7io4mzihBtQ=="],
@@ -6700,6 +6706,10 @@
 
     "@solidjs/start/shiki/@shikijs/types": ["@shikijs/types@1.29.2", "", { "dependencies": { "@shikijs/vscode-textmate": "^10.0.1", "@types/hast": "^3.0.4" } }, "sha512-VJjK0eIijTZf0QSTODEXCqinjBn0joAHQ+aPSBzrv4O2d/QSbsMw+ZeSRx03kV34Hy7NzUvV/7NqfYGRLrASmw=="],
 
+    "@standard-community/standard-json/effect/@standard-schema/spec": ["@standard-schema/spec@1.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-l2aFy5jALhniG5HgqrD6jXLi/rUWrKvqN/qJx6yoJsgKhblVd+iqqU4RCXavm/jPityDo5TCvKMnpjKnOriy0w=="],
+
+    "@standard-community/standard-openapi/effect/@standard-schema/spec": ["@standard-schema/spec@1.1.0", "", {}, "sha512-l2aFy5jALhniG5HgqrD6jXLi/rUWrKvqN/qJx6yoJsgKhblVd+iqqU4RCXavm/jPityDo5TCvKMnpjKnOriy0w=="],
+
     "@storybook/csf-plugin/unplugin/webpack-virtual-modules": ["webpack-virtual-modules@0.6.2", "", {}, "sha512-66/V2i5hQanC51vBQKPH4aI8NMAcBW59FVBs+rC7eGHupMyfn34q7rZIE+ETlJ+XTevqfUhVVBgSUNSW2flEUQ=="],
 
     "@tailwindcss/oxide-wasm32-wasi/@napi-rs/wasm-runtime/@tybys/wasm-util": ["@tybys/wasm-util@0.10.2", "", { "dependencies": { "tslib": "^2.4.0" } }, "sha512-RoBvJ2X0wuKlWFIjrwffGw1IqZHKQqzIchKaadZZfnNpsAYp2mM0h36JtPCjNDAHGgYez/15uMBpfGwchhiMgg=="],
diff --git a/nix/hashes.json b/nix/hashes.json
index b7231c92abc..ef9387b8698 100644
--- a/nix/hashes.json
+++ b/nix/hashes.json
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
   "nodeModules": {
-    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-LOxTad/iCquvJyonFOcz6/rDTPNDmwyBnykhWZJ5GC4=",
-    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-iO+0vYhp+2x6ACmh5lQJ/2Ac4uZTqRZE/KhG3u0o6D8=",
-    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-tpBydRbrJ+4QxmkGUt/BhME8q6ysCW/CXrsNshYgqDU=",
-    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-QQcI6SK7WJ7dSkX6xZuSQPoUdwfoCaimVgoHCnrO0wY="
+    "x86_64-linux": "sha256-oWSGu+SP66Aquy/0Vaq7Bgp8404ZdOWbQX+O7h3jxHU=",
+    "aarch64-linux": "sha256-UsS0+c+GwtIukmWwQeFbY/3Oaz3t4Q7C6cFMGkmlyAY=",
+    "aarch64-darwin": "sha256-CArz92ewPmXO+ORFCBkCH8LzMpU/DjyaO4ic7QL0UpI=",
+    "x86_64-darwin": "sha256-rhnz9gmG6L06wIzfMhTaXDDEf6IbMD32CavqwXoqcUs="
   }
 }
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index c0dc905aae4..49507128d60 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@
       "packages/slack"
     ],
     "catalog": {
-      "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-beta.74",
-      "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.74",
-      "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-beta.74",
+      "@effect/opentelemetry": "4.0.0-beta.83",
+      "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.83",
+      "@effect/sql-sqlite-bun": "4.0.0-beta.83",
       "@npmcli/arborist": "9.4.0",
       "@types/bun": "1.3.13",
       "@types/cross-spawn": "6.0.6",
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
       "dompurify": "3.3.1",
       "drizzle-kit": "1.0.0-rc.2",
       "drizzle-orm": "1.0.0-rc.2",
-      "effect": "4.0.0-beta.74",
+      "effect": "4.0.0-beta.83",
       "ai": "6.0.168",
       "cross-spawn": "7.0.6",
       "hono": "4.10.7",
diff --git a/packages/app/AGENTS.md b/packages/app/AGENTS.md
index 765e960c817..2e56066e7d1 100644
--- a/packages/app/AGENTS.md
+++ b/packages/app/AGENTS.md
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+## Priorities
+
+- Prioritise, in this order: stability, simplicity, performance.
+- Before changing session or timeline code, record a production benchmark baseline and compare it after the change.
+
 ## Debugging
 
 - NEVER try to restart the app, or the server process, EVER.
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/AGENTS.md b/packages/app/e2e/performance/AGENTS.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e69c91a98fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/AGENTS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+- Prioritize stability, then simplicity, then measurement overhead.
+- Use Playwright for scenario control, isolation, and completion checks.
+- Use Chrome Performance traces for generic browser profiling.
+- Use Electron `contentTracing` for packaged multi-process profiling.
+- Keep custom probes only for product-specific measurements.
+- Do not duplicate measurements across the harness, probes, and traces.
+- Run benchmarks serially to avoid cross-test contention.
+- Run benchmarks against production builds.
+- Keep detailed profiling opt-in when it changes workload behavior.
+- Preserve raw diagnostic data or use lossless representations.
+- Do not enforce machine-dependent performance thresholds.
+- Assert scenario completion and metric collection only.
+- Keep normal test discovery free of manual benchmarks.
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/README.md b/packages/app/e2e/performance/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..afa3108d5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Manual app performance suite
+
+The app's high-volume performance diagnostics live under `packages/app/e2e/performance` and are excluded from normal local and CI Playwright discovery. The benchmark config builds the app and serves the production bundle before running scenarios serially.
+
+Run the suite explicitly from `packages/app`:
+
+```sh
+bun run test:bench
+```
+
+PowerShell:
+
+```powershell
+$env:PLAYWRIGHT_WORKERS = "1"
+bun run test:bench
+```
+
+The suite contains:
+
+- cold and hot session-tab timing
+- cached session repaint and mutation tracing
+- streaming timeline throughput, RAF-gap, long-task, geometry, and remount diagnostics
+
+All benchmarks import the shared `benchmark` fixture. Pages created through Playwright's `page` fixture automatically capture main-frame navigation history and emit a Chrome trace when `OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE_DIR` is set. Benchmarks that need isolated browser contexts use `withBenchmarkPage`, which owns the context and the same diagnostics lifecycle.
+
+New benchmarks should look like normal Playwright tests:
+
+```ts
+import { benchmark, expect } from "../benchmark"
+
+benchmark("measures one interaction", async ({ page, report }) => {
+  // Only scenario-specific setup and interaction belong here.
+  report({ durationMs: 42 })
+})
+```
+
+The fixture requires every benchmark to call `report()`, automatically names and closes traces, captures navigation history, attaches that history when a test fails, and emits metrics as a consistent `BENCHMARK` JSON line.
+
+```text
+BENCHMARK {"name":"...","context":{"project":"chromium","platform":"darwin"},"metrics":{...}}
+```
+
+Every observed page also emits `BENCHMARK_PAGE` with the same run ID, navigation history, and optional trace path before the final status-bearing `BENCHMARK` record. Chrome traces are browser-wide page-lifetime diagnostics; scenario metrics use narrower explicitly named observation windows.
+
+This follows the stack's own guidance: [Electron recommends repeated Chrome DevTools and Chrome Tracing measurement](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/tutorial/performance), [Chrome DevTools recommends Performance recordings for runtime work](https://developer.chrome.com/docs/devtools/performance), and [Playwright uses traces for test debugging rather than renderer profiling](https://playwright.dev/docs/trace-viewer).
+
+These Playwright benchmarks profile the shared app renderer in Chromium. A future packaged Electron benchmark that needs main-process and multi-process attribution should use Electron's official [`contentTracing`](https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/api/content-tracing/) API rather than extending this renderer harness with bespoke process instrumentation.
+
+CPU and high-volume visual profiling are disabled by default. Set `TIMELINE_CPU_PROFILE=1` to enable both, or additionally set `TIMELINE_VISUAL_PROFILE=0` for CPU-only profiling.
+
+The streaming scenario's 30x CPU throttle is a deterministic stress profile, not a simulated end-user device.
+
+Benchmarks do not assert machine-dependent performance budgets. Streaming processes 160 deltas by default and reports renderer-observed completion time, throughput, RAF callback-gap distributions, frame-budget equivalents, and long tasks through final geometry settlement. Delta count and delivery batch are included in result context when overridden. These are main-thread callback diagnostics, not compositor presentation or dropped-frame measurements. Visual-only and geometry metrics are `null` when their probes are disabled. Tab metrics describe sampled DOM observations. Assertions verify scenario and metric collection completion. Repeated repaint states are run-length grouped, but every original observation timestamp is retained alongside raw mutation batches and layout shifts.
+
+Committed smoke and regression tests continue to own correctness coverage for pagination, tab paint, context resize, collapse state, and composer spacing.
+
+## Chrome traces
+
+Set `OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE_DIR` to emit a standard Chrome DevTools trace for every benchmark page automatically:
+
+```sh
+OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE_DIR=/tmp/opencode-performance-traces \
+bunx playwright test --config e2e/performance/playwright.config.ts \
+  timeline/session-tab-switch-benchmark.spec.ts
+```
+
+The emitted JSON is a standard Chrome trace and can be loaded directly into the Chrome DevTools Performance panel. `devtools-tracing` can optionally inspect it from the command line without adding package scripts or dependencies:
+
+Trace capture mirrors [Puppeteer's official tracing defaults and lifecycle](https://pptr.dev/api/puppeteer.tracing), using Chrome's `ReturnAsStream` transfer mode and failing when Chromium reports trace data loss.
+
+```sh
+bunx devtools-tracing stats <trace-path-from-BENCHMARK_PAGE>
+```
+
+INP analysis requires a trace with a supported navigation/interaction insight. Selector statistics require a trace captured with `OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_SELECTOR_TRACE=1`.
+
+`e2e/performance/playwright.uncapped.config.ts` disables Chromium frame-rate limiting for explicit uncapped diagnostics. Native product benchmarks should use the default Playwright configuration.
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/benchmark.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/benchmark.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b9f8ea43411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/benchmark.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+import { expect, test as base, type Browser, type Page, type TestInfo } from "@playwright/test"
+import { startChromeTrace } from "./chrome-trace"
+
+type BenchmarkFixtures = {
+  report: (metrics: Record<string, unknown>, context?: Record<string, unknown>) => void
+  reportState: { payload?: { metrics: Record<string, unknown>; context: Record<string, unknown> } }
+  benchmarkResult: void
+}
+
+export type PerformancePageDiagnostics = {
+  navigations: string[]
+  stop: () => Promise<string | undefined>
+}
+
+const pages = new WeakMap<Page, PerformancePageDiagnostics>()
+
+export const benchmark = base.extend<BenchmarkFixtures>({
+  reportState: async ({}, use) => use({}),
+  report: async ({ reportState }, use) => {
+    await use((metrics, context = {}) => {
+      if (reportState.payload) throw new Error("Benchmark reported metrics more than once")
+      reportState.payload = { metrics, context }
+    })
+  },
+  benchmarkResult: [
+    async ({ reportState }, use, testInfo) => {
+      await use()
+      const missing = !reportState.payload
+      console.log(
+        `BENCHMARK ${JSON.stringify({
+          schemaVersion: 2,
+          runID: process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_RUN_ID,
+          name: benchmarkName(testInfo),
+          status: missing ? "failed" : testInfo.status,
+          expectedStatus: testInfo.expectedStatus,
+          retry: testInfo.retry,
+          repeatEachIndex: testInfo.repeatEachIndex,
+          context: {
+            project: testInfo.project.name,
+            platform: process.platform,
+            ...reportState.payload?.context,
+          },
+          metrics: reportState.payload?.metrics ?? null,
+          error: missing ? "Benchmark did not report metrics" : undefined,
+        })}`,
+      )
+      if (missing && testInfo.status === testInfo.expectedStatus)
+        throw new Error(`Benchmark did not report metrics: ${benchmarkName(testInfo)}`)
+    },
+    { auto: true },
+  ],
+  page: async ({ page }, use, testInfo) => {
+    const name = benchmarkName(testInfo)
+    const diagnostics = await observePerformancePage(page, name)
+    try {
+      await use(page)
+    } finally {
+      try {
+        await reportPerformancePage(name, diagnostics, testInfo)
+      } finally {
+        if (testInfo.status !== testInfo.expectedStatus) {
+          await testInfo.attach("performance-navigations", {
+            body: JSON.stringify(diagnostics.navigations, null, 2),
+            contentType: "application/json",
+          })
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  },
+})
+
+function benchmarkName(testInfo: TestInfo) {
+  return testInfo.titlePath.slice(1).join(" > ")
+}
+
+export { expect }
+
+async function observePerformancePage(page: Page, name: string) {
+  const navigations: string[] = []
+  const onNavigation = (frame: ReturnType<Page["mainFrame"]>) => {
+    if (frame === page.mainFrame()) navigations.push(frame.url())
+  }
+  page.on("framenavigated", onNavigation)
+  const stopTrace = await startChromeTrace(page, name).catch((error) => {
+    page.off("framenavigated", onNavigation)
+    throw error
+  })
+  let stopping: Promise<string | undefined> | undefined
+  const diagnostics: PerformancePageDiagnostics = {
+    navigations,
+    stop() {
+      page.off("framenavigated", onNavigation)
+      return (stopping ??= stopTrace?.() ?? Promise.resolve(undefined))
+    },
+  }
+  pages.set(page, diagnostics)
+  return diagnostics
+}
+
+export async function withBenchmarkPage<T>(
+  browser: Browser,
+  name: string,
+  run: (page: Page) => Promise<T>,
+  testInfo?: TestInfo,
+) {
+  const context = await browser.newContext()
+  try {
+    const page = await context.newPage()
+    const diagnostics = await observePerformancePage(page, name)
+    try {
+      return await run(page)
+    } finally {
+      await reportPerformancePage(name, diagnostics, testInfo)
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await context.close()
+  }
+}
+
+async function reportPerformancePage(name: string, diagnostics: PerformancePageDiagnostics, testInfo?: TestInfo) {
+  const trace = await diagnostics.stop()
+  console.log(
+    `BENCHMARK_PAGE ${JSON.stringify({
+      schemaVersion: 2,
+      runID: process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_RUN_ID,
+      name,
+      test: testInfo ? benchmarkName(testInfo) : undefined,
+      retry: testInfo?.retry,
+      repeatEachIndex: testInfo?.repeatEachIndex,
+      context: {
+        platform: process.platform,
+        trace,
+        selectorTrace: process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_SELECTOR_TRACE === "1",
+      },
+      navigations: diagnostics.navigations,
+    })}`,
+  )
+}
+
+export function benchmarkDiagnostics(page: Page) {
+  const diagnostics = pages.get(page)
+  if (!diagnostics) throw new Error("Performance diagnostics are not installed for this page")
+  return diagnostics
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/chrome-trace.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/chrome-trace.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..343526e254d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/chrome-trace.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import type { CDPSession, Page } from "@playwright/test"
+import path from "node:path"
+import { mkdir, open, rename } from "node:fs/promises"
+import { Buffer } from "node:buffer"
+import { createHash, randomUUID } from "node:crypto"
+
+const categories = [
+  "-*",
+  "devtools.timeline",
+  "v8.execute",
+  "disabled-by-default-devtools.timeline",
+  "disabled-by-default-devtools.timeline.frame",
+  "toplevel",
+  "blink.console",
+  "blink.user_timing",
+  "latencyInfo",
+  "disabled-by-default-devtools.timeline.stack",
+  "disabled-by-default-v8.cpu_profiler",
+]
+
+export async function startChromeTrace(page: Page, name: string) {
+  const directory = process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE_DIR
+  if (!directory) return
+
+  const selectors = process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_SELECTOR_TRACE === "1"
+  const file = await prepareChromeTrace(directory, name, selectors)
+  const session = await page.context().newCDPSession(page)
+  try {
+    await session.send("Tracing.start", {
+      transferMode: "ReturnAsStream",
+      traceConfig: {
+        excludedCategories: categories
+          .filter((category) => category.startsWith("-"))
+          .map((category) => category.slice(1)),
+        includedCategories: [
+          ...categories.filter((category) => !category.startsWith("-")),
+          ...(selectors
+            ? ["disabled-by-default-blink.debug", "disabled-by-default-devtools.timeline.invalidationTracking"]
+            : []),
+        ],
+      },
+    })
+  } catch (error) {
+    await Promise.allSettled([session.detach()])
+    throw error
+  }
+  let stopping: Promise<string> | undefined
+
+  return () =>
+    (stopping ??= (async () => {
+      try {
+        const complete = new Promise<{ stream?: string; dataLossOccurred: boolean }>((resolve) =>
+          session.once("Tracing.tracingComplete", resolve),
+        )
+        await session.send("Tracing.end")
+        const result = await complete
+        if (!result.stream) throw new Error(`Chrome trace stream missing: ${file}`)
+        const partial = `${file}.partial`
+        await writeProtocolStream(session, result.stream, partial)
+        if (result.dataLossOccurred) throw new Error(`Chrome trace lost data; partial capture retained: ${partial}`)
+        await rename(partial, file)
+        return file
+      } finally {
+        await Promise.allSettled([session.detach()])
+      }
+    })())
+}
+
+export async function prepareChromeTrace(
+  directory: string,
+  name: string,
+  selectors: boolean,
+  nonce = randomUUID().slice(0, 8),
+) {
+  await mkdir(directory, { recursive: true })
+  const run = process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_RUN_ID ?? "manual"
+  const hash = createHash("sha256").update(name).digest("hex").slice(0, 8)
+  return path.join(
+    directory,
+    `${run}-${name.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, "-")}-${hash}-${nonce}${selectors ? "-selectors" : ""}.json`,
+  )
+}
+
+async function writeProtocolStream(session: CDPSession, handle: string, file: string) {
+  const output = await open(file, "wx")
+  try {
+    while (true) {
+      const chunk = await session.send("IO.read", { handle })
+      await output.write(chunk.base64Encoded ? Buffer.from(chunk.data, "base64") : chunk.data)
+      if (chunk.eof) break
+    }
+  } finally {
+    await Promise.allSettled([output.close(), session.send("IO.close", { handle })])
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/playwright.config.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/playwright.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d4793daee58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/playwright.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import config from "../../playwright.config"
+
+const port = Number(process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_PORT ?? 3000)
+process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_SERVER_PORT = String(port)
+process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE_RUN_ID ??= `${new Date().toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, "-")}-${process.pid}`
+
+export default {
+  ...config,
+  testDir: ".",
+  testIgnore: "unit/**",
+  outputDir: "../test-results/performance",
+  fullyParallel: false,
+  workers: 1,
+  reporter: [["html", { outputFolder: "../playwright-report/performance", open: "never" }], ["line"]],
+  webServer: {
+    ...config.webServer,
+    command: `bun run build && bun run serve -- --host 0.0.0.0 --port ${port} --strictPort`,
+    reuseExistingServer: false,
+  },
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/playwright.uncapped.config.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/playwright.uncapped.config.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9097c11f1d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/playwright.uncapped.config.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import config from "./playwright.config"
+
+export default {
+  ...config,
+  outputDir: "../test-results/performance-uncapped",
+  reporter: [["html", { outputFolder: "../playwright-report/performance-uncapped", open: "never" }], ["line"]],
+  use: {
+    ...config.use,
+    launchOptions: {
+      args: ["--disable-frame-rate-limit", "--disable-gpu-vsync"],
+    },
+  },
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-flash.spec.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-flash.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..741084751f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-flash.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { benchmark, expect } from "../benchmark"
+import { expectSessionTitle } from "../../utils/waits"
+import { fixture } from "./session-timeline-stress.fixture"
+import {
+  collectCachedRepaintTrace,
+  compressCachedRepaintTrace,
+  installCachedRepaintProbe,
+  waitForCachedRepaintWindow,
+} from "./session-tab-repaint-probe"
+import { waitForStableTimeline } from "./session-tab-switch-probe"
+import {
+  installStressSessionTabs,
+  installTimelineSettings,
+  mockStressTimeline,
+  stressSessionHref,
+} from "./timeline-test-helpers"
+
+benchmark("samples cached session repaint after the click", async ({ page, report }) => {
+  benchmark.setTimeout(120_000)
+  await mockStressTimeline(page)
+  await installStressSessionTabs(page)
+  await installTimelineSettings(page)
+  await page.goto(stressSessionHref(fixture.targetID))
+  await expectSessionTitle(page, fixture.expected.targetTitle)
+  await waitForStableTimeline(page, fixture.expected.targetMessageIDs.at(-1)!)
+  await page
+    .locator(`[data-slot="titlebar-tabs"] a[href="${stressSessionHref(fixture.sourceID)}"]`)
+    .first()
+    .click()
+  await expectSessionTitle(page, fixture.expected.sourceTitle)
+  await waitForStableTimeline(page, fixture.expected.sourceMessageIDs.at(-1)!)
+
+  await installCachedRepaintProbe(page, {
+    targetHref: stressSessionHref(fixture.targetID),
+    destination: fixture.messages[fixture.targetID].map((message) => message.info.id),
+    source: fixture.messages[fixture.sourceID].map((message) => message.info.id),
+    last: fixture.expected.targetMessageIDs.at(-1)!,
+    windowMs: 1_000,
+  })
+
+  await page
+    .locator(`[data-slot="titlebar-tabs"] a[href="${stressSessionHref(fixture.targetID)}"]`)
+    .first()
+    .click()
+  await Promise.all([expectSessionTitle(page, fixture.expected.targetTitle), waitForCachedRepaintWindow(page, 1_000)])
+  const result = await collectCachedRepaintTrace(page)
+  report(compressCachedRepaintTrace(result))
+  expect(result.samples.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-repaint-probe.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-repaint-probe.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..862e080f13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-repaint-probe.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import type { Page } from "@playwright/test"
+
+type CachedRepaintTrace = {
+  timeOriginEpochMs: number
+  startedAtPerformanceMs: number
+  samples: {
+    observedAtMs: number
+    root: number | undefined
+    scrollTop: number
+    scrollHeight: number
+    bottomErrorPx: number | undefined
+    last: boolean
+    rows: { key: string | undefined; node: number; top: number; bottom: number }[]
+    mounted: number
+    center: string | undefined
+    destination: string[]
+    source: string[]
+  }[]
+  mutations: { observedAtMs: number; changed: { type: string; node: number }[] }[]
+  shifts: { occurredAtMs: number; value: number }[]
+  windowMs: number
+  running: boolean
+  stop: () => void
+}
+
+export async function installCachedRepaintProbe(
+  page: Page,
+  input: { targetHref: string; destination: string[]; source: string[]; last: string; windowMs: number },
+) {
+  await page.evaluate(({ targetHref, destination, source, last, windowMs }) => {
+    const destinationIDs = new Set(destination)
+    const sourceIDs = new Set(source)
+    const nodeIDs = new WeakMap<Node, number>()
+    let nextNodeID = 1
+    const id = (node: Node) => {
+      const current = nodeIDs.get(node)
+      if (current) return current
+      nodeIDs.set(node, nextNodeID)
+      return nextNodeID++
+    }
+    const state: CachedRepaintTrace = {
+      timeOriginEpochMs: performance.timeOrigin,
+      startedAtPerformanceMs: 0,
+      samples: [],
+      mutations: [],
+      shifts: [],
+      windowMs,
+      running: false,
+      stop: () => {},
+    }
+    const recordShifts = (entries: PerformanceEntry[]) => {
+      if (!state.running) return
+      state.shifts.push(
+        ...entries
+          .map((entry) => {
+            if (
+              entry.startTime < state.startedAtPerformanceMs ||
+              entry.startTime > state.startedAtPerformanceMs + state.windowMs
+            )
+              return
+            return {
+              occurredAtMs: entry.startTime - state.startedAtPerformanceMs,
+              value: (entry as PerformanceEntry & { value: number }).value,
+            }
+          })
+          .filter((entry): entry is { occurredAtMs: number; value: number } => entry !== undefined),
+      )
+    }
+    const shiftObserver = new PerformanceObserver((entries) => recordShifts(entries.getEntries()))
+    shiftObserver.observe({ type: "layout-shift" })
+    const recordMutations = (entries: MutationRecord[]) => {
+      if (!state.running) return
+      const observedAtMs = performance.now() - state.startedAtPerformanceMs
+      if (observedAtMs > state.windowMs) return
+      const changed = entries.flatMap((entry) => [
+        ...[...entry.addedNodes].map((node) => ({ type: "add", node: id(node) })),
+        ...[...entry.removedNodes].map((node) => ({ type: "remove", node: id(node) })),
+      ])
+      if (changed.length) state.mutations.push({ observedAtMs, changed })
+    }
+    const mutationObserver = new MutationObserver(recordMutations)
+    mutationObserver.observe(document.documentElement, { childList: true, subtree: true })
+    state.stop = () => {
+      recordShifts(shiftObserver.takeRecords())
+      recordMutations(mutationObserver.takeRecords())
+      state.running = false
+      shiftObserver.disconnect()
+      mutationObserver.disconnect()
+    }
+    const sample = () => {
+      if (!state.running) return
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        if (!state.running) return
+        const observedAtMs = performance.now() - state.startedAtPerformanceMs
+        if (observedAtMs > state.windowMs) return
+        const root = [...document.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(".scroll-view__viewport")].find((element) =>
+          element.querySelector("[data-timeline-row]"),
+        )
+        if (root) {
+          const view = root.getBoundingClientRect()
+          const rows = [...root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-key]")]
+            .map((element) => ({
+              key: element.dataset.timelineKey,
+              node: id(element),
+              rect: element.getBoundingClientRect(),
+            }))
+            .filter((item) => item.rect.bottom > view.top && item.rect.top < view.bottom)
+            .map((item) => ({
+              key: item.key,
+              node: item.node,
+              top: item.rect.top - view.top,
+              bottom: item.rect.bottom - view.top,
+            }))
+          const messages = [...root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-message-id]")]
+            .filter((element) => {
+              const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+              return rect.bottom > view.top && rect.top < view.bottom
+            })
+            .map((element) => element.dataset.messageId!)
+          const spacer = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-timeline-row="bottom-spacer"]')?.getBoundingClientRect()
+          state.samples.push({
+            observedAtMs,
+            root: id(root),
+            scrollTop: root.scrollTop,
+            scrollHeight: root.scrollHeight,
+            bottomErrorPx: spacer ? spacer.bottom - view.bottom : undefined,
+            last: messages.includes(last),
+            rows,
+            mounted: root.querySelectorAll("[data-timeline-key]").length,
+            center: document
+              .elementFromPoint(view.left + view.width / 2, view.top + view.height / 2)
+              ?.textContent?.slice(0, 80),
+            destination: messages.filter((messageID) => destinationIDs.has(messageID)),
+            source: messages.filter((messageID) => sourceIDs.has(messageID)),
+          })
+        } else {
+          state.samples.push({
+            observedAtMs,
+            root: undefined,
+            scrollTop: 0,
+            scrollHeight: 0,
+            bottomErrorPx: undefined,
+            last: false,
+            rows: [],
+            mounted: 0,
+            center: document.elementFromPoint(innerWidth / 2, innerHeight / 2)?.textContent?.slice(0, 80),
+            destination: [],
+            source: [],
+          })
+        }
+        requestAnimationFrame(sample)
+      }, 0)
+    }
+    document.addEventListener(
+      "click",
+      (event) => {
+        const link = event.target instanceof Element ? event.target.closest("a") : undefined
+        if (link?.getAttribute("href") !== targetHref) return
+        state.startedAtPerformanceMs = performance.now()
+        state.running = true
+        requestAnimationFrame(sample)
+      },
+      { capture: true, once: true },
+    )
+    ;(window as Window & { __cachedFlash?: CachedRepaintTrace }).__cachedFlash = state
+  }, input)
+}
+
+export function layoutShiftSample(entry: Pick<PerformanceEntry, "startTime"> & { value: number }, started: number) {
+  if (entry.startTime < started) return
+  return { occurredAtMs: entry.startTime - started, value: entry.value }
+}
+
+export async function waitForCachedRepaintWindow(page: Page, durationMs: number) {
+  await page.waitForFunction((durationMs) => {
+    const state = (window as Window & { __cachedFlash?: CachedRepaintTrace }).__cachedFlash
+    return !!state?.running && performance.now() - state.startedAtPerformanceMs >= durationMs
+  }, durationMs)
+}
+
+export async function collectCachedRepaintTrace(page: Page) {
+  return page.evaluate(() => {
+    const state = (window as Window & { __cachedFlash?: CachedRepaintTrace }).__cachedFlash!
+    state.stop()
+    return state
+  })
+}
+
+export function summarizeCachedRepaintTrace(trace: CachedRepaintTrace) {
+  const roots = trace.samples.map((sample) => sample.root)
+  const bottomErrors = trace.samples.flatMap((sample) =>
+    sample.bottomErrorPx === undefined ? [] : [Math.abs(sample.bottomErrorPx)],
+  )
+  const category = (sample: CachedRepaintTrace["samples"][number]) => {
+    if (sample.source.length) return "source"
+    if (sample.root === undefined || sample.rows.length === 0) return "blank"
+    if (!sample.destination.length) return "unknown"
+    if (sample.last && Math.abs(sample.bottomErrorPx ?? Infinity) <= 1) return "correct"
+    return "wrongDestination"
+  }
+  return {
+    samples: trace.samples.length,
+    durationMs: trace.samples.at(-1)?.observedAtMs ?? 0,
+    firstSampleObservedMs: trace.samples[0]?.observedAtMs,
+    firstSampleCorrect: trace.samples[0] ? category(trace.samples[0]) === "correct" : false,
+    blankSamples: trace.samples.filter((sample) => category(sample) === "blank").length,
+    sourceSamples: trace.samples.filter((sample) => category(sample) === "source").length,
+    wrongDestinationSamples: trace.samples.filter((sample) => category(sample) === "wrongDestination").length,
+    unknownSamples: trace.samples.filter((sample) => category(sample) === "unknown").length,
+    rootChanges: roots.slice(1).filter((root, index) => root !== roots[index]).length,
+    mountedMin: trace.samples.length ? Math.min(...trace.samples.map((sample) => sample.mounted)) : 0,
+    mountedMax: Math.max(...trace.samples.map((sample) => sample.mounted)),
+    maxBottomErrorPx: Math.max(0, ...bottomErrors),
+    mutationBatches: trace.mutations.length,
+    addedNodes: trace.mutations.reduce(
+      (sum, batch) => sum + batch.changed.filter((change) => change.type === "add").length,
+      0,
+    ),
+    removedNodes: trace.mutations.reduce(
+      (sum, batch) => sum + batch.changed.filter((change) => change.type === "remove").length,
+      0,
+    ),
+    layoutShiftValueSum: trace.shifts.reduce((sum, shift) => sum + shift.value, 0),
+    maxLayoutShiftValue: Math.max(0, ...trace.shifts.map((shift) => shift.value)),
+  }
+}
+
+export function compressCachedRepaintTrace(trace: CachedRepaintTrace) {
+  const samples: {
+    observedAtMs: number[]
+    state: Omit<CachedRepaintTrace["samples"][number], "observedAtMs">
+  }[] = []
+  for (const sample of trace.samples) {
+    const { observedAtMs, ...state } = sample
+    const previous = samples.at(-1)
+    if (previous && JSON.stringify(previous.state) === JSON.stringify(state)) {
+      previous.observedAtMs.push(observedAtMs)
+      continue
+    }
+    samples.push({ observedAtMs: [observedAtMs], state })
+  }
+  return {
+    timeOriginEpochMs: trace.timeOriginEpochMs,
+    startedAtPerformanceMs: trace.startedAtPerformanceMs,
+    windowMs: trace.windowMs,
+    summary: summarizeCachedRepaintTrace(trace),
+    samples,
+    mutations: trace.mutations,
+    shifts: trace.shifts,
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-benchmark.spec.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-benchmark.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2e80d703813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-benchmark.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import type { Page } from "@playwright/test"
+import { expectSessionTitle } from "../../utils/waits"
+import { benchmark, expect, withBenchmarkPage } from "../benchmark"
+import { fixture } from "./session-timeline-stress.fixture"
+import { installStressSessionTabs, mockStressTimeline, stressSessionHref } from "./timeline-test-helpers"
+import { measureSessionSwitch, waitForStableTimeline } from "./session-tab-switch-probe"
+
+type Result = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof measureSessionSwitch>>
+
+benchmark("benchmarks cold and hot session tab switching", async ({ browser, report }, testInfo) => {
+  benchmark.setTimeout(180_000)
+  const results = { cold: [] as Result[], hot: [] as Result[] }
+  for (const mode of ["cold", "hot"] as const) {
+    for (let run = 0; run < 5; run++) {
+      results[mode].push(
+        await withBenchmarkPage(browser, `session-tab-switch-${mode}-${run}`, (page) => trial(page, mode), testInfo),
+      )
+    }
+  }
+  report({ results, summary: summarize(results) })
+})
+
+async function trial(page: Page, mode: "cold" | "hot") {
+  await mockStressTimeline(page)
+  await installStressSessionTabs(page)
+  if (mode === "hot") {
+    await page.goto(stressSessionHref(fixture.targetID))
+    await expectSessionTitle(page, fixture.expected.targetTitle)
+    await waitForStableTimeline(page, fixture.expected.targetMessageIDs.at(-1)!)
+    await switchSession(page, fixture.sourceID, fixture.expected.sourceTitle)
+  } else {
+    await page.goto(stressSessionHref(fixture.sourceID))
+    await expectSessionTitle(page, fixture.expected.sourceTitle)
+  }
+  await waitForStableTimeline(page, fixture.expected.sourceMessageIDs.at(-1)!)
+
+  const destinationIDs = fixture.messages[fixture.targetID].map((message) => message.info.id)
+  const sourceIDs = fixture.messages[fixture.sourceID].map((message) => message.info.id)
+  const lastID = fixture.expected.targetMessageIDs.at(-1)!
+  const href = stressSessionHref(fixture.targetID)
+  const result = await measureSessionSwitch(page, {
+    destinationIDs,
+    sourceIDs,
+    lastID,
+    href,
+    switch: () => switchSession(page, fixture.targetID, fixture.expected.targetTitle),
+  })
+  return result
+}
+
+function summarize(results: Record<"cold" | "hot", Result[]>) {
+  const stats = (values: (number | null)[]) => {
+    const sorted = values.filter((value): value is number => value !== null).sort((a, b) => a - b)
+    return {
+      min: sorted[0] ?? null,
+      median: sorted[Math.floor(sorted.length / 2)] ?? null,
+      max: sorted.at(-1) ?? null,
+      missing: values.length - sorted.length,
+    }
+  }
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.entries(results).map(([mode, values]) => [
+      mode,
+      {
+        firstDestinationObservedMs: stats(values.map((value) => value.firstDestinationObservedMs)),
+        firstCorrectObservedMs: stats(values.map((value) => value.firstCorrectObservedMs)),
+        stableObservedMs: stats(values.map((value) => value.stableObservedMs)),
+      },
+    ]),
+  )
+}
+
+async function switchSession(page: Page, sessionID: string, title: string) {
+  const href = stressSessionHref(sessionID)
+  const tab = page.locator(`[data-slot="titlebar-tabs"] a[href="${href}"]`).first()
+  await expect(tab).toBeVisible()
+  await tab.click()
+  await expectSessionTitle(page, title)
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-metrics.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-metrics.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e315c2ad43b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-metrics.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+export type SessionSwitchSample = {
+  observedAtMs: number
+  destination: string[]
+  source: string[]
+  hasVisibleRows: boolean
+  last: boolean
+  bottomErrorPx?: number
+}
+
+export function classifySessionSwitch(samples: SessionSwitchSample[]) {
+  const firstDestination = samples.findIndex((sample) => sample.destination.length > 0)
+  const firstCorrect = samples.findIndex(isCorrectDestination)
+  const stable = samples.findIndex((_, index) => isStableSessionSwitch(samples.slice(index, index + 3)))
+  return {
+    firstDestinationObservedMs: samples[firstDestination]?.observedAtMs ?? null,
+    firstCorrectObservedMs: samples[firstCorrect]?.observedAtMs ?? null,
+    stableObservedMs: samples[stable + 2]?.observedAtMs ?? null,
+    wrongDestinationSamples: samples
+      .slice(firstDestination)
+      .filter((sample) => sample.destination.length > 0 && !sample.last).length,
+    blankSamples: samples.filter((sample) => !sample.hasVisibleRows).length,
+    unknownSamples: samples.filter(
+      (sample) => sample.hasVisibleRows && sample.destination.length === 0 && sample.source.length === 0,
+    ).length,
+    sourceSamples: samples.filter((sample) => sample.source.length > 0).length,
+  }
+}
+
+export function isCorrectDestination(sample: SessionSwitchSample) {
+  return (
+    sample.destination.length > 0 &&
+    sample.source.length === 0 &&
+    sample.last &&
+    Math.abs(sample.bottomErrorPx ?? Infinity) <= 1
+  )
+}
+
+export function isStableSessionSwitch(samples: SessionSwitchSample[]) {
+  return samples.length === 3 && samples.every(isCorrectDestination)
+}
+
+export function isStableDestination(samples: Pick<SessionSwitchSample, "last" | "bottomErrorPx">[]) {
+  return (
+    samples.length === 3 && samples.every((sample) => sample.last && Math.abs(sample.bottomErrorPx ?? Infinity) <= 1)
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-probe.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-probe.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..14f9d2d003e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-tab-switch-probe.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import { expect, type Page } from "@playwright/test"
+import { classifySessionSwitch, isStableDestination, type SessionSwitchSample } from "./session-tab-switch-metrics"
+
+type SessionSwitchProbe = {
+  samples: SessionSwitchSample[]
+  stop: () => void
+}
+
+async function installSessionSwitchProbe(
+  page: Page,
+  input: { destinationIDs: string[]; sourceIDs: string[]; lastID: string; href: string },
+) {
+  await page.evaluate(({ destinationIDs, sourceIDs, lastID, href }) => {
+    const destination = new Set(destinationIDs)
+    const source = new Set(sourceIDs)
+    const samples: SessionSwitchSample[] = []
+    let started: number | undefined
+    let running = true
+    const sample = () => {
+      if (!running || started === undefined) return
+      setTimeout(() => {
+        if (!running || started === undefined) return
+        const observedAtMs = performance.now() - started
+        const root = [...document.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(".scroll-view__viewport")].find((element) =>
+          element.querySelector("[data-timeline-row]"),
+        )
+        if (root) {
+          const view = root.getBoundingClientRect()
+          const visible = [...root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-message-id]")]
+            .filter((element) => {
+              const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+              return rect.bottom > view.top && rect.top < view.bottom
+            })
+            .map((element) => element.dataset.messageId!)
+          const hasVisibleRows = [...root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-key]")].some((element) => {
+            const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+            return rect.bottom > view.top && rect.top < view.bottom
+          })
+          const spacer = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-timeline-row="bottom-spacer"]')?.getBoundingClientRect()
+          samples.push({
+            observedAtMs,
+            destination: visible.filter((id) => destination.has(id)),
+            source: visible.filter((id) => source.has(id)),
+            hasVisibleRows,
+            last: visible.includes(lastID),
+            bottomErrorPx: spacer ? spacer.bottom - view.bottom : undefined,
+          })
+        } else {
+          samples.push({ observedAtMs, destination: [], source: [], hasVisibleRows: false, last: false })
+        }
+        requestAnimationFrame(sample)
+      }, 0)
+    }
+    document.addEventListener(
+      "click",
+      (event) => {
+        const link = event.target instanceof Element ? event.target.closest("a") : undefined
+        if (link?.getAttribute("href") !== href) return
+        started = performance.now()
+        requestAnimationFrame(sample)
+      },
+      { capture: true, once: true },
+    )
+    ;(window as Window & { __sessionSwitchProbe?: SessionSwitchProbe }).__sessionSwitchProbe = {
+      samples,
+      stop: () => {
+        running = false
+      },
+    }
+  }, input)
+}
+
+async function waitForStableSessionSwitch(page: Page) {
+  await page.waitForFunction(() => {
+    const samples = (window as Window & { __sessionSwitchProbe?: SessionSwitchProbe }).__sessionSwitchProbe?.samples
+    if (!samples) return false
+    return samples.some((_, index) => {
+      const stable = samples.slice(index, index + 3)
+      return (
+        stable.length === 3 &&
+        stable.every(
+          (sample) =>
+            sample.destination.length > 0 &&
+            sample.source.length === 0 &&
+            sample.last &&
+            Math.abs(sample.bottomErrorPx ?? Infinity) <= 1,
+        )
+      )
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+async function collectSessionSwitchResult(page: Page) {
+  const samples = await page.evaluate(() => {
+    const probe = (window as Window & { __sessionSwitchProbe?: SessionSwitchProbe }).__sessionSwitchProbe!
+    probe.stop()
+    return probe.samples
+  })
+  return classifySessionSwitch(samples)
+}
+
+export async function measureSessionSwitch(
+  page: Page,
+  input: { destinationIDs: string[]; sourceIDs: string[]; lastID: string; href: string; switch: () => Promise<void> },
+) {
+  const { switch: run, ...probe } = input
+  await installSessionSwitchProbe(page, probe)
+  await run()
+  await waitForStableSessionSwitch(page)
+  return collectSessionSwitchResult(page)
+}
+
+export async function waitForStableTimeline(page: Page, lastID: string) {
+  const samples: Pick<SessionSwitchSample, "last" | "bottomErrorPx">[] = []
+  await expect
+    .poll(
+      async () => {
+        samples.push(
+          await page.evaluate(
+            (lastID) =>
+              new Promise<Pick<SessionSwitchSample, "last" | "bottomErrorPx">>((resolve) => {
+                requestAnimationFrame(() =>
+                  setTimeout(() => {
+                    const root = [...document.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(".scroll-view__viewport")].find((element) =>
+                      element.querySelector("[data-timeline-row]"),
+                    )
+                    if (!root) {
+                      resolve({ last: false })
+                      return
+                    }
+                    const view = root.getBoundingClientRect()
+                    const last = [...root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-message-id]")].some((element) => {
+                      if (element.dataset.messageId !== lastID) return false
+                      const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+                      return rect.bottom > view.top && rect.top < view.bottom
+                    })
+                    const spacer = root
+                      .querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-timeline-row="bottom-spacer"]')
+                      ?.getBoundingClientRect()
+                    resolve({ last, bottomErrorPx: spacer ? spacer.bottom - view.bottom : undefined })
+                  }, 0),
+                )
+              }),
+            lastID,
+          ),
+        )
+        return isStableDestination(samples.slice(-3))
+      },
+      { timeout: 30_000, intervals: [0] },
+    )
+    .toBe(true)
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-benchmark.fixture.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-benchmark.fixture.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6353416d50c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-benchmark.fixture.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
+import type { Page } from "@playwright/test"
+import { mockOpenCodeServer } from "../../utils/mock-server"
+import { expectAppVisible, expectSessionTitle } from "../../utils/waits"
+import { expect } from "../benchmark"
+
+const directory = "C:/OpenCode/TimelineStateRegression"
+const projectID = "proj_timeline_state_regression"
+const sessionID = "ses_timeline_state_regression"
+const userMessageID = "msg_user_regression"
+const assistantMessageID = "msg_assistant_regression"
+const editPartID = "prt_0001_edit"
+export const textPartID = "prt_9999_text"
+const title = "Timeline collapse state regression"
+const model = { providerID: "opencode", modelID: "claude-opus-4-6", variant: "max" }
+
+type EventPayload = {
+  directory: string
+  payload: Record<string, unknown>
+}
+
+const userMessage = {
+  info: {
+    id: userMessageID,
+    sessionID,
+    role: "user",
+    time: { created: 1700000000000 },
+    summary: { diffs: [] },
+    agent: "build",
+    model,
+  },
+  parts: [
+    {
+      id: "prt_user_text",
+      sessionID,
+      messageID: userMessageID,
+      type: "text",
+      text: "Please edit the file.",
+    },
+  ],
+}
+
+const editPart = {
+  id: editPartID,
+  sessionID,
+  messageID: assistantMessageID,
+  type: "tool",
+  callID: "call_edit_regression",
+  tool: "edit",
+  state: {
+    status: "completed",
+    input: { filePath: "src/regression.ts" },
+    output: "Edited src/regression.ts",
+    title: "src/regression.ts",
+    metadata: {
+      filediff: {
+        file: "src/regression.ts",
+        additions: 1,
+        deletions: 1,
+        before: "export const value = 'before'\n",
+        after: "export const value = 'after'\n",
+      },
+      diff: "diff --git a/src/regression.ts b/src/regression.ts\n-export const value = 'before'\n+export const value = 'after'\n",
+    },
+    time: { start: 1700000001000, end: 1700000002000 },
+  },
+}
+
+const streamedTextPart = {
+  id: textPartID,
+  sessionID,
+  messageID: assistantMessageID,
+  type: "text",
+  text: "Streaming added a later assistant text part.",
+}
+
+const assistantMessage = {
+  info: {
+    id: assistantMessageID,
+    sessionID,
+    role: "assistant",
+    time: { created: 1700000001000 },
+    parentID: userMessageID,
+    modelID: model.modelID,
+    providerID: model.providerID,
+    mode: "build",
+    agent: "build",
+    path: { cwd: directory, root: directory },
+    cost: 0.01,
+    tokens: { input: 100, output: 200, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+    variant: "max",
+  },
+  parts: [editPart],
+}
+
+export async function setupTimelineBenchmark(page: Page, options: { historyTurns: number; eventBatch: number }) {
+  const events: EventPayload[] = []
+  let eventBatch = options.eventBatch
+  await mockOpenCodeServer(page, {
+    directory,
+    project: project(),
+    provider: provider(),
+    sessions: [session()],
+    pageMessages: () => ({
+      items: [
+        ...Array.from({ length: options.historyTurns }, (_, index) => performanceTurn(index)).flat(),
+        userMessage,
+        assistantMessage,
+      ],
+    }),
+    events: () => events.splice(0, eventBatch),
+    eventRetry: 16,
+  })
+  await page.addInitScript(() => {
+    localStorage.setItem(
+      "settings.v3",
+      JSON.stringify({
+        general: {
+          editToolPartsExpanded: true,
+          shellToolPartsExpanded: true,
+          showReasoningSummaries: true,
+          showSessionProgressBar: true,
+        },
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+  await page.setViewportSize({ width: 1366, height: 768 })
+  const scroller = page.locator(".scroll-view__viewport", { has: page.locator("[data-timeline-row]") })
+  const text = page.locator(`[data-timeline-part-id="${textPartID}"]`).first()
+  await page.goto(`/${base64Encode(directory)}/session/${sessionID}`)
+  await expectSessionTitle(page, title)
+  await expectAppVisible(scroller)
+  return {
+    scroller,
+    text,
+    transport: {
+      enqueue(payload: EventPayload | EventPayload[]) {
+        events.push(...(Array.isArray(payload) ? payload : [payload]))
+      },
+      pendingCount() {
+        return events.length
+      },
+      releaseAll() {
+        eventBatch = events.length
+      },
+    },
+    async scrollToBottom() {
+      await scroller.evaluate((element) => {
+        element.scrollTop = element.scrollHeight
+      })
+    },
+    async waitForStableGeometry() {
+      await expect
+        .poll(() => scroller.evaluate((element) => element.scrollHeight - element.clientHeight - element.scrollTop))
+        .toBeLessThanOrEqual(1)
+      await page.waitForFunction((partID) => {
+        const root = [...document.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>(".scroll-view__viewport")].find((element) =>
+          element.querySelector(`[data-timeline-part-id="${partID}"]`),
+        )
+        if (!root) return false
+        return new Promise<boolean>((resolve) => {
+          const height = root.scrollHeight
+          requestAnimationFrame(() =>
+            requestAnimationFrame(() =>
+              resolve(root.scrollHeight === height && root.scrollHeight - root.clientHeight - root.scrollTop <= 1),
+            ),
+          )
+        })
+      }, textPartID)
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+export function buildInitialStreamEvent(deltaCount: number): EventPayload {
+  return {
+    directory,
+    payload: {
+      type: "message.part.updated",
+      properties: {
+        part: {
+          ...streamedTextPart,
+          text: `Streaming${streamChunk(0, deltaCount + 1)}\n\n\`\`\`ts\nconst initial = true\n\`\`\``,
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+export function buildStreamDeltaEvents(deltaCount: number): EventPayload[] {
+  return Array.from({ length: deltaCount }, (_, index) => ({
+    directory,
+    payload: {
+      type: "message.part.delta",
+      properties: {
+        messageID: assistantMessageID,
+        partID: textPartID,
+        field: "text",
+        delta: streamChunk(index + 1, deltaCount + 1),
+      },
+    },
+  }))
+}
+
+function performanceTurn(index: number) {
+  const suffix = String(index).padStart(4, "0")
+  const userID = `msg_0000_${suffix}_a_user`
+  const assistantID = `msg_0000_${suffix}_b_assistant`
+  const before = historicalSource(index, false)
+  const after = historicalSource(index, true)
+  const parts = [
+    ...(index % 5 === 0
+      ? [
+          {
+            id: `prt_0000_${suffix}_reasoning`,
+            sessionID,
+            messageID: assistantID,
+            type: "reasoning",
+            text: `Reviewing the existing implementation. ${"constraint analysis ".repeat(20)}`,
+            time: { start: 1690000001000 + index * 2_000, end: 1690000001200 + index * 2_000 },
+          },
+        ]
+      : []),
+    {
+      id: `prt_0000_${suffix}_assistant`,
+      sessionID,
+      messageID: assistantID,
+      type: "text",
+      text: historicalMarkdown(index),
+    },
+    ...(index % 8 === 0
+      ? [
+          {
+            id: `prt_0000_${suffix}_edit`,
+            sessionID,
+            messageID: assistantID,
+            type: "tool",
+            callID: `call_0000_${suffix}_edit`,
+            tool: "edit",
+            state: {
+              status: "completed",
+              input: { filePath: `src/history-${index}.ts` },
+              output: `Edited src/history-${index}.ts`,
+              title: `src/history-${index}.ts`,
+              metadata: {
+                filediff: { file: `src/history-${index}.ts`, additions: 48, deletions: 48, before, after },
+              },
+              time: { start: 1690000001200 + index * 2_000, end: 1690000001400 + index * 2_000 },
+            },
+          },
+        ]
+      : []),
+    ...(index % 12 === 0
+      ? [
+          {
+            id: `prt_0000_${suffix}_write`,
+            sessionID,
+            messageID: assistantID,
+            type: "tool",
+            callID: `call_0000_${suffix}_write`,
+            tool: "write",
+            state: {
+              status: "completed",
+              input: { filePath: `src/generated-${index}.tsx`, content: after },
+              output: `Wrote src/generated-${index}.tsx`,
+              title: `src/generated-${index}.tsx`,
+              metadata: {
+                filediff: { file: `src/generated-${index}.tsx`, additions: 32, deletions: 0, before: "", after },
+              },
+              time: { start: 1690000001400 + index * 2_000, end: 1690000001500 + index * 2_000 },
+            },
+          },
+        ]
+      : []),
+    ...(index % 16 === 0
+      ? [
+          {
+            id: `prt_0000_${suffix}_patch`,
+            sessionID,
+            messageID: assistantID,
+            type: "tool",
+            callID: `call_0000_${suffix}_patch`,
+            tool: "apply_patch",
+            state: {
+              status: "completed",
+              input: { patchText: realisticPatch(index) },
+              output: "Success. Updated src/components/SessionCard.tsx",
+              title: "src/components/SessionCard.tsx",
+              metadata: {
+                files: [
+                  {
+                    filePath: "src/components/SessionCard.tsx",
+                    relativePath: "src/components/SessionCard.tsx",
+                    type: "update",
+                    additions: 8,
+                    deletions: 3,
+                    patch: realisticPatch(index),
+                    before,
+                    after,
+                  },
+                ],
+              },
+              time: { start: 1690000001500 + index * 2_000, end: 1690000001700 + index * 2_000 },
+            },
+          },
+        ]
+      : []),
+  ]
+  return [
+    {
+      info: {
+        id: userID,
+        sessionID,
+        role: "user",
+        time: { created: 1690000000000 + index * 2_000 },
+        summary: { diffs: [] },
+        agent: "build",
+        model,
+      },
+      parts: [
+        {
+          id: `prt_0000_${suffix}_user`,
+          sessionID,
+          messageID: userID,
+          type: "text",
+          text: `Historical prompt ${index}`,
+        },
+      ],
+    },
+    {
+      info: {
+        id: assistantID,
+        sessionID,
+        role: "assistant",
+        time: { created: 1690000001000 + index * 2_000, completed: 1690000001500 + index * 2_000 },
+        parentID: userID,
+        modelID: model.modelID,
+        providerID: model.providerID,
+        mode: "build",
+        agent: "build",
+        path: { cwd: directory, root: directory },
+        cost: 0.01,
+        tokens: { input: 100, output: 200, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+        variant: "max",
+        finish: "stop",
+      },
+      parts,
+    },
+  ]
+}
+
+function historicalMarkdown(index: number) {
+  const code = `import { For, Show, createSignal } from "solid-js"
+
+type SessionRow = { id: string; title: string; active: boolean }
+
+export function SessionList(props: { rows: SessionRow[] }) {
+  const [selected, setSelected] = createSignal<string>()
+  return (
+    <section aria-label="Sessions">
+      <For each={props.rows}>{(row) => (
+        <button classList={{ active: row.active }} onClick={() => setSelected(row.id)}>
+          <Show when={selected() === row.id} fallback={row.title}>{row.title.toUpperCase()}</Show>
+        </button>
+      )}</For>
+    </section>
+  )
+}`
+  return `## Session renderer review ${index}
+
+The active session keeps **semantic row identity** while reconciling measured content. See [Solid documentation](https://docs.solidjs.com/) and the inline \`measureElement(node)\` call.
+
+| Concern | Current behavior | Verification |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| streaming | appends Markdown blocks | painted frames |
+| geometry | anchors visible rows | DOM coordinates |
+| tools | preserves expanded state | keyed remount probe |
+
+> Long sessions combine Markdown, syntax highlighting, tool output, and asynchronously rendered diffs.
+
+${index % 4 === 0 ? `\`\`\`tsx\n${code}\n\`\`\`\n\n\`\`\`bash\nbun typecheck\nbun test --preload ./happydom.ts ./src/pages/session\ngit diff --check\n\`\`\`` : "- preserve the viewport anchor\n- avoid replacing stable Markdown nodes\n- process provider deltas without blocking input"}`
+}
+
+function historicalSource(index: number, updated: boolean) {
+  const method = updated ? "toLocaleUpperCase(props.locale)" : "toUpperCase()"
+  const limit = updated ? 24 : 20
+  return `import { createMemo, For } from "solid-js"
+
+type Message = {
+  id: string
+  role: "user" | "assistant"
+  text: string
+  tokens: { input: number; output: number }
+}
+
+export function MessageSummary(props: { messages: Message[]; locale: string }) {
+  const visible = createMemo(() => props.messages.filter((message) => message.text.trim()).slice(-${limit}))
+  const total = createMemo(() => visible().reduce((sum, message) => sum + message.tokens.output, 0))
+  return (
+    <article data-session-index="${index}">
+      <header>{total().toLocaleString(props.locale)} output tokens</header>
+      <For each={visible()}>{(message) => <p data-role={message.role}>{message.text.${method}}</p>}</For>
+    </article>
+  )
+}
+`
+}
+
+function realisticPatch(index: number) {
+  return `*** Begin Patch
+*** Update File: src/components/SessionCard.tsx
+@@
+-const title = props.session.title.toUpperCase()
+-const messages = props.messages.slice(-20)
++const title = props.session.title.toLocaleUpperCase(props.locale)
++const messages = props.messages.filter((message) => message.text.trim()).slice(-24)
++const outputTokens = messages.reduce((sum, message) => sum + message.tokens.output, 0)
+@@
+-  <h2>{title}</h2>
++  <h2 data-session-index="${index}">{title}</h2>
++  <span>{outputTokens.toLocaleString(props.locale)} output tokens</span>
+*** End Patch`
+}
+
+export function streamChunk(index: number, count: number) {
+  if (index === 0) return `\n\n## Implementation plan\n\nStreaming **bold analysis`
+  if (index === count - 1)
+    return `\n\`\`\`\n\n## Verification\n\n- **Typecheck:** passed\n- **Timeline geometry:** stable\n- **Streaming output:** benchmark-complete <!-- stream-${index} -->`
+
+  const section = Math.floor(index / 18) + 1
+  const fragments = [
+    ` continues across three`,
+    ` or four word`,
+    ` provider deltas and`,
+    ` closes in this fragment**. <!-- stream-${index} -->\n\n`,
+    `| Concern | State`,
+    ` | Verification |\n|`,
+    ` --- | ---`,
+    ` | --- |\n|`,
+    ` markdown | incremental |`,
+    ` painted frames | <!-- stream-${index} -->\n\n`,
+    `\`\`\`tsx\nconst row: SessionRow`,
+    ` = rows[index] ??`,
+    ` fallback\nconst title =`,
+    ` row.title.toLocaleUpperCase(locale)\n`,
+    `const selected = createMemo(()`,
+    ` => row.id ===`,
+    ` activeID()) // stream-${index}\n`,
+    `// stream-${index}\n\`\`\`\n\n### Iteration ${section}\n\nStreaming **bold analysis`,
+  ]
+  return fragments[(index - 1) % fragments.length]!
+}
+
+function project() {
+  return {
+    id: projectID,
+    worktree: directory,
+    vcs: "git",
+    name: "timeline-state-regression",
+    time: { created: 1700000000000, updated: 1700000000000 },
+    sandboxes: [],
+  }
+}
+
+function session() {
+  return {
+    id: sessionID,
+    slug: "timeline-state-regression",
+    projectID,
+    directory,
+    title,
+    version: "dev",
+    time: { created: 1700000000000, updated: 1700000000000 },
+  }
+}
+
+function provider() {
+  return {
+    all: [
+      {
+        id: "opencode",
+        name: "OpenCode",
+        models: { "claude-opus-4-6": { id: "claude-opus-4-6", name: "Claude Opus 4.6", limit: { context: 200_000 } } },
+      },
+    ],
+    connected: ["opencode"],
+    default: { providerID: "opencode", modelID: "claude-opus-4-6" },
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-benchmark.spec.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-benchmark.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..64d79283f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-benchmark.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import { benchmark, benchmarkDiagnostics, expect } from "../benchmark"
+import {
+  buildInitialStreamEvent,
+  buildStreamDeltaEvents,
+  setupTimelineBenchmark,
+  textPartID,
+} from "./session-timeline-benchmark.fixture"
+import { startTimelineProfile } from "./session-timeline-profile"
+import {
+  collectTimelineStreamMetrics,
+  installTimelineStreamProbe,
+  startTimelineStreamProbe,
+} from "./session-timeline-stream-probe"
+
+benchmark.describe("performance: session timeline streaming", () => {
+  benchmark("streams assistant text without remounting or oscillating", async ({ page, report }) => {
+    benchmark.setTimeout(480_000)
+    const cpuThrottle = Number(process.env.TIMELINE_CPU_THROTTLE ?? 30)
+    const deltaCount = Number(process.env.TIMELINE_DELTA_COUNT ?? 160)
+    const historyTurns = Number(process.env.TIMELINE_HISTORY_TURNS ?? 320)
+    const eventBatch = Number(process.env.TIMELINE_EVENT_BATCH ?? 1)
+    const minimal = process.env.TIMELINE_MINIMAL === "1"
+    const profileCPU = process.env.TIMELINE_CPU_PROFILE === "1"
+    const profileVisual = !minimal && profileCPU && process.env.TIMELINE_VISUAL_PROFILE !== "0"
+    const fixture = await setupTimelineBenchmark(page, {
+      historyTurns,
+      eventBatch,
+    })
+
+    fixture.transport.enqueue(buildInitialStreamEvent(deltaCount))
+    const contentStart = performance.now()
+    await expect(fixture.text).toBeVisible()
+    await expect(fixture.text).toContainText("Implementation plan")
+    const initialContentObservedMs = performance.now() - contentStart
+    await fixture.scrollToBottom()
+    await fixture.waitForStableGeometry()
+
+    const profile = await startTimelineProfile(page, { cpuThrottle, profileCPU })
+    await installTimelineStreamProbe(page, { textPartID, finalIndex: deltaCount, profileVisual, minimal })
+    const deltas = buildStreamDeltaEvents(deltaCount)
+    await startTimelineStreamProbe(page)
+    fixture.transport.enqueue(deltas)
+
+    await page.waitForFunction(
+      (finalIndex) =>
+        (
+          window as Window & {
+            __timelineStreamBenchmark?: { applied: { index: number }[] }
+          }
+        ).__timelineStreamBenchmark?.applied.some((value) => value.index === finalIndex),
+      deltaCount,
+      { timeout: 420_000 },
+    )
+    await expect(fixture.text).toContainText("benchmark-complete")
+    await expect(fixture.text).toContainText("Streaming")
+    await fixture.waitForStableGeometry()
+    const metrics = await collectTimelineStreamMetrics(page, {
+      textPartID,
+      finalIndex: deltaCount,
+      navigations: benchmarkDiagnostics(page).navigations,
+    })
+    const delivered = deltas.length - fixture.transport.pendingCount()
+    await profile.stop()
+
+    report(
+      {
+        endToEndInitialContentObservedMs: initialContentObservedMs,
+        ...metrics,
+        deliveredDeltas: delivered,
+        pendingDeltas: fixture.transport.pendingCount(),
+      },
+      {
+        cpuThrottle,
+        profileCPU,
+        profileVisual,
+        minimal,
+        queuedDeltas: deltas.length,
+        historyTurns,
+        eventBatch,
+      },
+    )
+
+    await profile.reset()
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-profile.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-profile.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e1689498c19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-profile.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import type { CDPSession, Page } from "@playwright/test"
+
+export async function startTimelineProfile(page: Page, options: { cpuThrottle: number; profileCPU: boolean }) {
+  const cdp = await page.context().newCDPSession(page)
+  if (options.cpuThrottle > 1) await cdp.send("Emulation.setCPUThrottlingRate", { rate: options.cpuThrottle })
+  if (options.profileCPU) {
+    await cdp.send("Profiler.enable")
+    await cdp.send("Profiler.setSamplingInterval", { interval: 100 })
+    await cdp.send("Profiler.start")
+  }
+  return {
+    async stop() {
+      if (!options.profileCPU) return
+      const result = await cdp.send("Profiler.stop")
+      const self = new Map<number, number>()
+      result.profile.samples?.forEach((id, index) => {
+        const duration = (result.profile.timeDeltas?.[index] ?? 0) / 1_000
+        self.set(id, (self.get(id) ?? 0) + duration)
+      })
+      console.log(
+        "timeline cpu profile",
+        JSON.stringify(
+          result.profile.nodes
+            .map((node) => ({
+              function: node.callFrame.functionName || "(anonymous)",
+              url: node.callFrame.url,
+              line: node.callFrame.lineNumber + 1,
+              selfMs: self.get(node.id) ?? 0,
+            }))
+            .filter((node) => node.selfMs > 1)
+            .sort((a, b) => b.selfMs - a.selfMs)
+            .slice(0, 40),
+        ),
+      )
+    },
+    async reset() {
+      if (options.cpuThrottle > 1) await cdp.send("Emulation.setCPUThrottlingRate", { rate: 1 })
+    },
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-stream-probe.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-stream-probe.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3cd698cde4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-stream-probe.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+import type { Page } from "@playwright/test"
+
+const STREAM_MARKER_PATTERN = "stream-(\\d+)"
+const STREAM_FRAGMENT_COUNT = 18
+
+type TimelineProbeState = {
+  started: number
+  ended: number
+  profileVisual: boolean
+  minimal: boolean
+  frames: number[]
+  frameAt: number[]
+  applied: { at: number; index: number }[]
+  geometry: {
+    scrollTop: number
+    scrollHeight: number
+    clientHeight: number
+    distance: number
+    virtualHeight: number
+    headerHeight: number
+  }[]
+  blanks: number
+  longTasks: number[]
+  layoutShifts: number[]
+  visibleMounts: number
+  visibleUnmounts: number
+  visibleRows: Set<Element>
+  visibleSubtreeMounts: string[]
+  visibleSubtreeUnmounts: string[]
+  visibleSubtreeReplacements: number
+  visibleSubtreeDropouts: string[]
+  visibleSubtrees: Map<string, Element>
+  subtreeKeys: WeakMap<Element, string>
+  maxOverlap: number
+  maxGap: number
+  maxPartTopMovement: number
+  previousPartTop: number
+  slowFrames: {
+    duration: number
+    index: number
+    phase: "stream" | "boundary" | "complete" | "unknown"
+    tokenSpans: number
+    blocks: number
+    codeBlocks: number
+    height: number
+    distance: number
+  }[]
+  scroll: {
+    calls: number
+    callNoops: number
+    sameFrameCalls: number
+    assignments: number
+    assignmentNoops: number
+    lastCallFrame: number
+    frame: number
+  }
+  row: HTMLElement
+  markdown: HTMLElement
+  running: boolean
+  previous: number
+  cleanup: () => void
+  start: () => void
+}
+
+export async function installTimelineStreamProbe(
+  page: Page,
+  options: { textPartID: string; finalIndex: number; profileVisual: boolean; minimal: boolean },
+) {
+  await page.evaluate(
+    ({ textPartID, finalIndex, profileVisual, minimal, markerPattern, fragmentCount }) => {
+      const part = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`[data-timeline-part-id="${textPartID}"]`)
+      const row = part?.closest<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-row]")
+      const markdown = part?.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-component="markdown"]')
+      const root = part?.closest<HTMLElement>(".scroll-view__viewport")
+      if (!part || !row || !markdown || !root) throw new Error("missing streaming benchmark nodes")
+      const viewport = root.getBoundingClientRect()
+      const state: TimelineProbeState = {
+        started: 0,
+        ended: Infinity,
+        profileVisual,
+        minimal,
+        frames: [],
+        frameAt: [],
+        applied: [],
+        geometry: [],
+        blanks: 0,
+        longTasks: [],
+        layoutShifts: [],
+        visibleMounts: 0,
+        visibleUnmounts: 0,
+        visibleRows: new Set(
+          [...root.querySelectorAll("[data-timeline-key]")].filter((element) => {
+            const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+            return rect.bottom > viewport.top && rect.top < viewport.bottom
+          }),
+        ),
+        visibleSubtreeMounts: [],
+        visibleSubtreeUnmounts: [],
+        visibleSubtreeReplacements: 0,
+        visibleSubtreeDropouts: [],
+        visibleSubtrees: new Map<string, Element>(),
+        subtreeKeys: new WeakMap<Element, string>(),
+        maxOverlap: 0,
+        maxGap: 0,
+        maxPartTopMovement: 0,
+        previousPartTop: part.getBoundingClientRect().top,
+        slowFrames: [],
+        scroll: {
+          calls: 0,
+          callNoops: 0,
+          sameFrameCalls: 0,
+          assignments: 0,
+          assignmentNoops: 0,
+          lastCallFrame: -1,
+          frame: 0,
+        },
+        row,
+        markdown,
+        running: false,
+        previous: 0,
+        cleanup: () => {},
+        start: () => {},
+      }
+      ;(window as Window & { __timelineStreamBenchmark?: TimelineProbeState }).__timelineStreamBenchmark = state
+      const scrollTo = Element.prototype.scrollTo
+      const scrollTop = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(Element.prototype, "scrollTop")!
+      if (profileVisual) {
+        Element.prototype.scrollTo = function (...args) {
+          state.scroll.calls += 1
+          const top = typeof args[0] === "object" ? args[0]?.top : args[1]
+          if (typeof top === "number") {
+            const target = Math.min(top, this.scrollHeight - this.clientHeight)
+            if (Math.abs(this.scrollTop - target) < 1) state.scroll.callNoops += 1
+          }
+          if (state.scroll.lastCallFrame === state.scroll.frame) state.scroll.sameFrameCalls += 1
+          state.scroll.lastCallFrame = state.scroll.frame
+          return scrollTo.apply(this, args)
+        }
+        Object.defineProperty(Element.prototype, "scrollTop", {
+          configurable: true,
+          get: scrollTop.get,
+          set(value) {
+            state.scroll.assignments += 1
+            if (Math.abs(this.scrollTop - value) < 1) state.scroll.assignmentNoops += 1
+            scrollTop.set!.call(this, value)
+          },
+        })
+      }
+
+      const recordLongTasks = (entries: PerformanceEntry[]) => {
+        if (!state.running) return
+        state.longTasks.push(
+          ...entries
+            .filter((entry) => entry.startTime >= state.started && entry.startTime <= state.ended)
+            .map((entry) => entry.duration),
+        )
+      }
+      const longTaskObserver = new PerformanceObserver((list) => recordLongTasks(list.getEntries()))
+      longTaskObserver.observe({ type: "longtask" })
+      const recordLayoutShifts = (entries: PerformanceEntry[]) => {
+        if (!state.running) return
+        state.layoutShifts.push(
+          ...entries
+            .map((entry) => {
+              const shift = entry as LayoutShiftEntry
+              if (shift.startTime < state.started || shift.hadRecentInput) return
+              return shift.value
+            })
+            .filter((value): value is number => value !== undefined),
+        )
+      }
+      const layoutShiftObserver = profileVisual
+        ? new PerformanceObserver((list) => recordLayoutShifts(list.getEntries()))
+        : undefined
+      layoutShiftObserver?.observe({ type: "layout-shift", buffered: true })
+
+      const visible = (element: Element) => {
+        const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+        const viewport = root.getBoundingClientRect()
+        const style = getComputedStyle(element)
+        return (
+          element.isConnected &&
+          rect.width > 0 &&
+          rect.height > 0 &&
+          rect.bottom > viewport.top &&
+          rect.top < viewport.bottom &&
+          style.display !== "none" &&
+          style.visibility !== "hidden" &&
+          Number(style.opacity) > 0
+        )
+      }
+      const critical = [
+        "[data-timeline-part-id]",
+        '[data-component="edit-content"]',
+        '[data-component="apply-patch-file-diff"]',
+        '[data-component="file"]',
+        '[data-component="markdown-code"]',
+        "[data-markdown-block]",
+      ].join(",")
+      const describe = (element: Element) => {
+        const cached = state.subtreeKeys.get(element)
+        if (!element.isConnected && cached) return cached
+        const part = element.closest<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-part-id]")?.dataset.timelinePartId ?? "unknown"
+        const block = element
+          .closest<HTMLElement>("[data-markdown-key]")
+          ?.dataset.markdownKey?.replace(/:(?:code|full|live)$/, "")
+        const component =
+          element.getAttribute("data-component") ?? element.getAttribute("data-markdown-block") ?? element.tagName
+        const key = `${part}:${block ?? "root"}:${component}`
+        state.subtreeKeys.set(element, key)
+        return key
+      }
+      const recordMutations = (records: MutationRecord[]) => {
+        if (!state.running) return
+        records.forEach((record) => {
+          record.addedNodes.forEach((node) => {
+            if (node instanceof HTMLElement && node.matches("[data-timeline-key]") && visible(node)) {
+              state.visibleMounts += 1
+              state.visibleRows.add(node)
+            }
+            if (!(node instanceof Element)) return
+            const added = [node, ...node.querySelectorAll(critical)].filter((element) => element.matches(critical))
+            added.forEach((element) => {
+              if (visible(element)) state.visibleSubtreeMounts.push(describe(element))
+            })
+          })
+          record.removedNodes.forEach((node) => {
+            if (node instanceof HTMLElement && node.matches("[data-timeline-key]") && state.visibleRows.delete(node))
+              state.visibleUnmounts += 1
+            if (!(node instanceof Element)) return
+            const removed = [node, ...node.querySelectorAll(critical)].filter((element) => element.matches(critical))
+            removed.forEach((element) => {
+              const key = describe(element)
+              if (state.visibleSubtrees.get(key) === element) state.visibleSubtreeUnmounts.push(key)
+            })
+          })
+        })
+      }
+      const mutationObserver = profileVisual ? new MutationObserver(recordMutations) : undefined
+      mutationObserver?.observe(root, { childList: true, subtree: true })
+      const currentPart = () => root.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`[data-timeline-part-id="${textPartID}"]`)
+      const observeProgress = (at: number) => {
+        if (!state.running) return
+        const content = currentPart()?.textContent ?? ""
+        const index = content.includes("benchmark-complete")
+          ? finalIndex
+          : Number(content.match(new RegExp(markerPattern, "g"))?.at(-1)?.match(/\d+/)?.[0] ?? -1)
+        if (index >= 0 && index !== state.applied.at(-1)?.index) state.applied.push({ at, index })
+      }
+      const progressObserver = new MutationObserver(() => observeProgress(performance.now()))
+      progressObserver.observe(root, { characterData: true, childList: true, subtree: true })
+      state.cleanup = () => {
+        recordLongTasks(longTaskObserver.takeRecords())
+        recordLayoutShifts(layoutShiftObserver?.takeRecords() ?? [])
+        recordMutations(mutationObserver?.takeRecords() ?? [])
+        if (progressObserver.takeRecords().length) observeProgress(performance.now())
+        longTaskObserver.disconnect()
+        layoutShiftObserver?.disconnect()
+        mutationObserver?.disconnect()
+        progressObserver.disconnect()
+        if (!profileVisual) return
+        Element.prototype.scrollTo = scrollTo
+        Object.defineProperty(Element.prototype, "scrollTop", scrollTop)
+      }
+
+      const sample = (now: number) => {
+        if (!state.running) return
+        state.frameAt.push(now)
+        observeProgress(now)
+        if (minimal) {
+          state.frames.push(now - state.previous)
+          state.previous = now
+          requestAnimationFrame(sample)
+          return
+        }
+        setTimeout(() => {
+          if (!state.running) return
+          state.scroll.frame += 1
+          const duration = now - state.previous
+          state.frames.push(duration)
+          state.previous = now
+          const virtualRoot = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-virtual-content]")
+          const header = root.querySelector<HTMLElement>("[data-session-title]")
+          state.geometry.push({
+            scrollTop: root.scrollTop,
+            scrollHeight: root.scrollHeight,
+            clientHeight: root.clientHeight,
+            distance: root.scrollHeight - root.clientHeight - root.scrollTop,
+            virtualHeight: virtualRoot?.getBoundingClientRect().height ?? 0,
+            headerHeight: header?.getBoundingClientRect().height ?? 0,
+          })
+          const viewport = root.getBoundingClientRect()
+          if (profileVisual) {
+            const visibleRows = [...root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-key]")]
+              .map((element) => ({ element, rect: element.getBoundingClientRect() }))
+              .filter((item) => item.rect.bottom > viewport.top && item.rect.top < viewport.bottom)
+              .sort((a, b) => a.rect.top - b.rect.top)
+            state.visibleRows = new Set(visibleRows.map((item) => item.element))
+            const rows = visibleRows.map((item) => item.rect)
+            rows.slice(1).forEach((rect, index) => {
+              const previous = rows[index]!
+              state.maxOverlap = Math.max(state.maxOverlap, previous.bottom - rect.top)
+              state.maxGap = Math.max(state.maxGap, rect.top - previous.bottom)
+            })
+            const partTop = part.getBoundingClientRect().top
+            state.maxPartTopMovement = Math.max(state.maxPartTopMovement, Math.abs(partTop - state.previousPartTop))
+            state.previousPartTop = partTop
+          }
+          const visibleRow = [...root.querySelectorAll<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-row]")].some((element) => {
+            const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+            return rect.bottom > viewport.top && rect.top < viewport.bottom
+          })
+          if (!visibleRow) state.blanks += 1
+          if (profileVisual) {
+            const subtrees = new Map<string, { element: Element; rendered: boolean }>()
+            const visibleSubtrees = new Map<string, Element>()
+            root.querySelectorAll(critical).forEach((element) => {
+              const key = describe(element)
+              const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect()
+              const style = getComputedStyle(element)
+              const rendered =
+                element.isConnected &&
+                rect.width > 0 &&
+                rect.height > 0 &&
+                style.display !== "none" &&
+                style.visibility !== "hidden" &&
+                Number(style.opacity) > 0
+              subtrees.set(key, { element, rendered })
+              if (rendered && rect.bottom > viewport.top && rect.top < viewport.bottom) {
+                const previous = state.visibleSubtrees.get(key)
+                if (previous && previous !== element && key.startsWith(`${textPartID}:`))
+                  state.visibleSubtreeReplacements += 1
+                visibleSubtrees.set(key, element)
+              }
+            })
+            state.visibleSubtrees.forEach((element, key) => {
+              const current = subtrees.get(key)
+              if (key.startsWith(`${textPartID}:`) && !current?.rendered) {
+                const markdown = part.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-component="markdown"]')
+                state.visibleSubtreeDropouts.push(
+                  `${key}:projection=${markdown?.dataset.markdownProjectionLength}/${markdown?.dataset.markdownProjectionBlocks}:result=${markdown?.dataset.markdownResultLength}/${markdown?.dataset.markdownResultBlocks}:applied=${markdown?.dataset.markdownAppliedBlocks}:dom=${markdown?.children.length}`,
+                )
+              }
+              if (element.matches('[data-component="file"]')) {
+                const hadLines = element.hasAttribute("data-profiler-had-lines")
+                const hasLines = element.shadowRoot?.querySelector("[data-line]") != null
+                if (hasLines) element.setAttribute("data-profiler-had-lines", "")
+                if (hadLines && !hasLines) state.visibleSubtreeDropouts.push(`${key}:shadow-lines`)
+              }
+            })
+            state.visibleSubtrees = visibleSubtrees
+          }
+          if (profileVisual && duration > 33.34) {
+            const livePart = currentPart()
+            const content = livePart?.textContent ?? ""
+            const complete = content.includes("benchmark-complete")
+            const index = complete
+              ? finalIndex
+              : Number(content.match(new RegExp(markerPattern, "g"))?.at(-1)?.match(/\d+/)?.[0] ?? -1)
+            state.slowFrames.push({
+              duration,
+              index,
+              phase: complete
+                ? "complete"
+                : index >= 0 && index % fragmentCount === 0
+                  ? "boundary"
+                  : index >= 0
+                    ? "stream"
+                    : "unknown",
+              tokenSpans: livePart?.querySelectorAll(".shiki span").length ?? 0,
+              blocks: livePart?.querySelectorAll("[data-markdown-block]").length ?? 0,
+              codeBlocks: livePart?.querySelectorAll('[data-component="markdown-code"]').length ?? 0,
+              height: livePart?.getBoundingClientRect().height ?? 0,
+              distance: root.scrollHeight - root.clientHeight - root.scrollTop,
+            })
+          }
+          requestAnimationFrame(sample)
+        }, 0)
+      }
+      state.start = () => {
+        state.started = performance.now()
+        state.previous = state.started
+        state.running = true
+        requestAnimationFrame(sample)
+      }
+    },
+    { ...options, markerPattern: STREAM_MARKER_PATTERN, fragmentCount: STREAM_FRAGMENT_COUNT },
+  )
+}
+
+export function startTimelineStreamProbe(page: Page) {
+  return page.evaluate(() => {
+    const state = (window as Window & { __timelineStreamBenchmark?: TimelineProbeState }).__timelineStreamBenchmark
+    if (!state) throw new Error("missing streaming benchmark state")
+    state.start()
+  })
+}
+
+type LayoutShiftEntry = PerformanceEntry & { value: number; hadRecentInput?: boolean }
+
+export function layoutShiftValue(
+  entry: Pick<LayoutShiftEntry, "startTime" | "value" | "hadRecentInput">,
+  start: number,
+) {
+  if (entry.startTime < start || entry.hadRecentInput) return
+  return entry.value
+}
+
+export function removeVisibleRow<T>(visible: Set<T>, row: T) {
+  return visible.delete(row)
+}
+
+export function streamProgress(content: string) {
+  const index = Number(content.match(new RegExp(STREAM_MARKER_PATTERN, "g"))?.at(-1)?.match(/\d+/)?.[0] ?? -1)
+  return {
+    index,
+    phase: content.includes("benchmark-complete")
+      ? ("complete" as const)
+      : index >= 0 && index % STREAM_FRAGMENT_COUNT === 0
+        ? ("boundary" as const)
+        : index >= 0
+          ? ("stream" as const)
+          : ("unknown" as const),
+  }
+}
+
+export async function collectTimelineStreamMetrics(
+  page: Page,
+  options: { textPartID: string; finalIndex: number; navigations: string[] },
+) {
+  return page.evaluate(({ textPartID, finalIndex, navigations }) => {
+    const state = (window as Window & { __timelineStreamBenchmark?: TimelineProbeState }).__timelineStreamBenchmark
+    if (!state) throw new Error(`missing streaming benchmark state after navigation: ${JSON.stringify(navigations)}`)
+    state.ended = performance.now()
+    state.cleanup()
+    state.running = false
+    const part = document.querySelector<HTMLElement>(`[data-timeline-part-id="${textPartID}"]`)
+    const row = part?.closest<HTMLElement>("[data-timeline-row]")
+    const markdown = part?.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-component="markdown"]')
+    const sorted = state.frames.slice().sort((a, b) => a - b)
+    const duration = state.frames.reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0)
+    const longestSlowStreak = state.frames.reduce(
+      (result, value) => {
+        const current = value > 33.34 ? result.current + 1 : 0
+        return { current, longest: Math.max(result.longest, current) }
+      },
+      { current: 0, longest: 0 },
+    ).longest
+    const busyStart = state.applied.at(0)?.at
+    const completion = state.applied.find((value) => value.index === finalIndex)
+    const busyEnd = completion?.at
+    const busyFrames =
+      busyStart === undefined || busyEnd === undefined
+        ? []
+        : state.frames.filter((_, index) => state.frameAt[index]! >= busyStart && state.frameAt[index]! <= busyEnd)
+    const busySorted = busyFrames.slice().sort((a, b) => a - b)
+    const busyDuration = busyFrames.reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0)
+    const completionObservedMs = (completion?.at ?? NaN) - state.started
+    const visual = state.profileVisual
+      ? {
+          layoutShiftValueSum: state.layoutShifts.reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0),
+          maxLayoutShiftValue: Math.max(0, ...state.layoutShifts),
+          visibleMounts: state.visibleMounts,
+          visibleUnmounts: state.visibleUnmounts,
+          visibleSubtreeMounts: state.visibleSubtreeMounts,
+          visibleSubtreeUnmounts: [...new Set(state.visibleSubtreeUnmounts)],
+          visibleSubtreeReplacements: state.visibleSubtreeReplacements,
+          visibleSubtreeDropouts: [...new Set(state.visibleSubtreeDropouts)],
+          maxOverlapPx: state.maxOverlap,
+          maxGapPx: state.maxGap,
+          maxPartTopMovementPx: state.maxPartTopMovement,
+          slowestRafGaps: state.slowFrames
+            .sort((a, b) => b.duration - a.duration)
+            .slice(0, 20)
+            .map((frame) => ({
+              durationMs: frame.duration,
+              index: frame.index,
+              phase: frame.phase,
+              tokenSpans: frame.tokenSpans,
+              blocks: frame.blocks,
+              codeBlocks: frame.codeBlocks,
+              heightPx: frame.height,
+              distancePx: frame.distance,
+            })),
+          slowRafGapPhases: Object.fromEntries(
+            ["stream", "boundary", "complete", "unknown"].map((phase) => {
+              const frames = state.slowFrames.filter((frame) => frame.phase === phase)
+              return [
+                phase,
+                {
+                  count: frames.length,
+                  totalMs: frames.reduce((sum, frame) => sum + frame.duration, 0),
+                  maxMs: Math.max(0, ...frames.map((frame) => frame.duration)),
+                },
+              ]
+            }),
+          ),
+          scroll: state.scroll,
+        }
+      : null
+    const geometry = state.minimal
+      ? null
+      : {
+          maxDistancePx: Math.max(0, ...state.geometry.map((sample) => sample.distance)),
+          finalDistancePx: state.geometry.at(-1)?.distance ?? 0,
+          final: state.geometry.at(-1),
+          distanceTransitionsPx: state.geometry
+            .map((sample) => Math.round(sample.distance))
+            .filter((value, index, values) => index === 0 || value !== values[index - 1]),
+          bottomDriftTransitions: state.geometry.slice(1).filter((value, index) => {
+            const previous = state.geometry[index]?.distance ?? 0
+            return previous <= 1 && value.distance > 1
+          }).length,
+          blankSamples: state.blanks,
+        }
+    return {
+      capabilities: { visual: state.profileVisual, geometry: !state.minimal },
+      completionObservedMs,
+      deltasPerSecond: Number.isFinite(completionObservedMs) ? finalIndex / (completionObservedMs / 1_000) : null,
+      rafGapSamples: state.frames.length,
+      rafCallbackRate: duration ? (state.frames.length * 1000) / duration : 0,
+      observedProgressWindowRafCallbackRate: busyDuration ? (busyFrames.length * 1000) / busyDuration : null,
+      observedProgressWindowRafGapP95Ms: busySorted[Math.floor(busySorted.length * 0.95)] ?? null,
+      observedProgressWindowRafGaps: busyFrames.length,
+      maxObservedProgressIndex: Math.max(-1, ...state.applied.map((value) => value.index)),
+      observedProgressTransitions: state.applied.length,
+      rafGapP50Ms: sorted[Math.floor(sorted.length * 0.5)] ?? 0,
+      rafGapP95Ms: sorted[Math.floor(sorted.length * 0.95)] ?? 0,
+      rafGapP99Ms: sorted[Math.floor(sorted.length * 0.99)] ?? 0,
+      maxRafGapMs: sorted.at(-1) ?? 0,
+      rafGapsOver33Ms: state.frames.filter((value) => value > 33.34).length,
+      rafGapsOver50Ms: state.frames.filter((value) => value > 50).length,
+      missedFrameBudgetEquivalents: state.frames.reduce(
+        (sum, value) => sum + Math.max(0, Math.round(value / 16.67) - 1),
+        0,
+      ),
+      longestRafGapOver33MsStreak: longestSlowStreak,
+      longTaskCount: state.longTasks.length,
+      longTaskTimeMs: state.longTasks.reduce((sum, value) => sum + value, 0),
+      visual,
+      geometry,
+      rowReplaced: row !== state.row,
+      markdownReplaced: markdown !== state.markdown,
+      domTextCharacters: part?.textContent?.length ?? 0,
+    }
+  }, options)
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-stress.fixture.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-stress.fixture.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e5c353e4cd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/session-timeline-stress.fixture.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+const words = [
+  "alpha",
+  "bravo",
+  "charlie",
+  "delta",
+  "echo",
+  "foxtrot",
+  "golf",
+  "hotel",
+  "india",
+  "juliet",
+  "kilo",
+  "lima",
+  "metro",
+  "nova",
+  "orbit",
+  "pixel",
+  "quartz",
+  "river",
+  "signal",
+  "vector",
+]
+
+const sourceID = "ses_smoke_source"
+const targetID = "ses_smoke_target"
+const directory = "C:/OpenCode/SmokeProject"
+const projectID = "proj_smoke_timeline"
+const model = { providerID: "opencode", modelID: "claude-opus-4-6", variant: "max" }
+
+type MessageInfo = Record<string, unknown> & { id: string; role: "user" | "assistant" }
+type MessagePart = Record<string, unknown> & { id: string; type: string; text?: string; tool?: string }
+type Message = { info: MessageInfo; parts: MessagePart[] }
+
+function lorem(seed: number, length: number) {
+  let out = ""
+  let i = seed
+  while (out.length < length) {
+    const word = words[i % words.length]
+    out += (out ? " " : "") + word
+    if (i % 17 === 0) out += ".\n\n"
+    i += 7
+  }
+  return out.slice(0, length)
+}
+
+function id(prefix: string, value: number) {
+  return `${prefix}_smoke_${String(value).padStart(4, "0")}`
+}
+
+function userMessage(sessionID: string, index: number, textLength: number, diffs: unknown[] = []): Message {
+  const messageID = id("msg_user", index)
+  return {
+    info: {
+      id: messageID,
+      sessionID,
+      role: "user",
+      time: { created: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000 },
+      summary: { diffs },
+      agent: "build",
+      model,
+    },
+    parts: [
+      {
+        id: id("prt_user_text", index),
+        sessionID,
+        messageID,
+        type: "text",
+        text: lorem(index, textLength),
+      },
+    ],
+  }
+}
+
+function assistantMessage(sessionID: string, index: number, parentID: string, parts: MessagePart[]): Message {
+  const messageID = id("msg_assistant", index)
+  return {
+    info: {
+      id: messageID,
+      sessionID,
+      role: "assistant",
+      time: { created: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000 + 1_000, completed: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000 + 8_000 },
+      parentID,
+      modelID: model.modelID,
+      providerID: model.providerID,
+      mode: "build",
+      agent: "build",
+      path: { cwd: directory, root: directory },
+      cost: 0.01,
+      tokens: { input: 100, output: 200, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+      variant: "max",
+      finish: "stop",
+    },
+    parts: parts.map((part) => ({
+      ...part,
+      sessionID,
+      messageID,
+    })),
+  }
+}
+
+function textPart(index: number, partIndex: number, length: number): MessagePart {
+  const prose = lorem(index * 13 + partIndex, length)
+  const text =
+    index % 12 === 0
+      ? `${prose}\n\n\`\`\`ts\n${code(index, 80)}\n\`\`\``
+      : index % 5 === 0
+        ? `${prose}\n\n\`\`\`ts\nexport const value = "${lorem(index, 220)}"\n\`\`\``
+        : index % 7 === 0
+          ? `${prose}\n\nThe wrapped inline value is \`${lorem(index, 180)}\`.`
+          : prose
+  return { id: id(`prt_text_${partIndex}`, index), type: "text", text }
+}
+
+function reasoningPart(index: number, partIndex: number, length: number): MessagePart {
+  return {
+    id: id(`prt_reasoning_${partIndex}`, index),
+    type: "reasoning",
+    text: lorem(index * 19 + partIndex, length),
+    time: { start: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000, end: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000 + 500 },
+  }
+}
+
+function toolPart(
+  index: number,
+  partIndex: number,
+  tool: string,
+  input: Record<string, unknown>,
+  outputLength = 160,
+): MessagePart {
+  const metadata =
+    tool === "apply_patch"
+      ? { files: [patchFile(index, "update"), patchFile(index + 1, index % 2 === 0 ? "add" : "delete")] }
+      : tool === "edit" || tool === "write"
+        ? {
+            filediff: fileDiff(String(input.filePath ?? `src/generated/file-${index}.ts`), index),
+            diff: patch(index, outputLength),
+            preview: patch(index + 1, 420),
+          }
+        : tool === "question"
+          ? { answers: [["Proceed"], ["Keep sample output"]] }
+          : {}
+  return {
+    id: id(`prt_tool_${tool}_${partIndex}`, index),
+    type: "tool",
+    callID: id("call", index * 10 + partIndex),
+    tool,
+    state: {
+      status: "completed",
+      input,
+      output: lorem(index * 23 + partIndex, outputLength),
+      title: tool === "bash" ? "Verify generated output" : input.filePath || input.path || input.pattern || "completed",
+      metadata,
+      time: { start: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000, end: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000 + 400 },
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+function patchFile(seed: number, type: "add" | "update" | "delete") {
+  return {
+    filePath: `src/generated/patch-${seed}.ts`,
+    relativePath: `src/generated/patch-${seed}.ts`,
+    type,
+    additions: (seed % 7) + 1,
+    deletions: type === "add" ? 0 : seed % 4,
+    patch: patch(seed, 520),
+    before: type === "add" ? undefined : code(seed, 18),
+    after: type === "delete" ? undefined : code(seed + 1, 24),
+  }
+}
+
+function fileDiff(file: string, seed: number) {
+  const lines = seed % 12 === 0 ? 300 : seed % 8 === 0 ? 2 : 38
+  const before = code(seed, lines, seed % 10 === 0 ? 280 : 32)
+  const after =
+    lines === 2
+      ? before.replace("value1", "updatedValue1")
+      : lines === 300
+        ? code(seed + 1, lines, seed % 10 === 0 ? 280 : 32)
+        : before.replace("value4", "updatedValue4").replace("value20", "updatedValue20")
+  return {
+    file,
+    additions: lines === 300 ? 300 : lines === 2 ? 1 : 2,
+    deletions: lines === 300 ? 300 : lines === 2 ? 1 : 2,
+    before,
+    after,
+  }
+}
+
+function patch(seed: number, length: number) {
+  return `diff --git a/src/generated/file-${seed}.ts b/src/generated/file-${seed}.ts\n+${lorem(seed, length).replace(/\n/g, "\n+")}`
+}
+
+function code(seed: number, lines: number, width = 32) {
+  return Array.from(
+    { length: lines },
+    (_, index) => `export const value${index} = "${lorem(seed + index, width)}"`,
+  ).join("\n")
+}
+
+function turn(index: number): Message[] {
+  const diff = index % 9 === 0 ? [fileDiff(`src/generated/summary-${index}.ts`, index)] : []
+  const user = userMessage(targetID, index, 100 + (index % 4) * 80, diff)
+  const parts = [
+    ...(index % 5 === 0 ? [reasoningPart(index, 0, 420)] : []),
+    ...(index % 3 === 0
+      ? [
+          toolPart(index, 0, "read", { filePath: `src/generated/file-${index}.ts`, offset: 0, limit: 80 }, 220),
+          toolPart(index, 5, "glob", { path: directory, pattern: `**/*sample-${index}*.ts` }, 140),
+          toolPart(index, 1, "grep", { path: directory, pattern: `sample-${index}`, include: "*.ts" }, 180),
+          toolPart(index, 6, "list", { path: `src/generated/${index}` }, 120),
+        ]
+      : []),
+    textPart(index, 2, 160 + (index % 6) * 90),
+    ...(index % 4 === 0 ? [toolPart(index, 3, "edit", { filePath: `src/generated/file-${index}.ts` }, 700)] : []),
+    ...(index % 6 === 0
+      ? [toolPart(index, 7, "write", { filePath: `src/generated/write-${index}.ts`, content: code(index, 28) }, 560)]
+      : []),
+    ...(index % 8 === 0
+      ? [toolPart(index, 8, "apply_patch", { files: [`src/generated/patch-${index}.ts`] }, 620)]
+      : []),
+    ...(index % 7 === 0
+      ? [toolPart(index, 4, "bash", { command: "bun typecheck", description: "Verify generated output" }, 620)]
+      : []),
+    ...(index % 10 === 0 ? [toolPart(index, 9, "webfetch", { url: "https://example.com/docs/sample" }, 120)] : []),
+    ...(index % 11 === 0 ? [toolPart(index, 10, "websearch", { query: "sample movement notes" }, 240)] : []),
+    ...(index % 13 === 0
+      ? [
+          toolPart(
+            index,
+            11,
+            "question",
+            { questions: [{ question: "Use generated fixture?" }, { question: "Keep same row shape?" }] },
+            120,
+          ),
+        ]
+      : []),
+    ...(index % 17 === 0
+      ? [toolPart(index, 12, "task", { description: "Inspect generated fixture", subagent_type: "explore" }, 160)]
+      : []),
+  ]
+  return [user, assistantMessage(targetID, index, user.info.id, parts)]
+}
+
+const targetMessages = Array.from({ length: 72 }, (_, index) => turn(index)).flat()
+const sourceMessages = Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, index) => [
+  userMessage(sourceID, index + 1000, 120),
+  assistantMessage(sourceID, index + 1000, id("msg_user", index + 1000), [textPart(index + 1000, 0, 240)]),
+]).flat()
+
+function renderable(part: MessagePart) {
+  if (part.type === "tool" && part.tool === "todowrite") return false
+  if (part.type === "text") return !!part.text.trim()
+  if (part.type === "reasoning") return !!part.text.trim()
+  return part.type !== "step-start" && part.type !== "step-finish" && part.type !== "patch"
+}
+
+function orderedParts(message: Message) {
+  return message.parts.slice().sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
+}
+
+export const fixture = {
+  directory,
+  project: {
+    id: projectID,
+    worktree: directory,
+    vcs: "git",
+    name: "smoke-project",
+    time: { created: 1700000000000, updated: 1700000000000 },
+    sandboxes: [],
+  },
+  provider: {
+    all: [
+      {
+        id: "opencode",
+        name: "OpenCode",
+        models: { "claude-opus-4-6": { id: "claude-opus-4-6", name: "Claude Opus 4.6", limit: { context: 200_000 } } },
+      },
+    ],
+    connected: ["opencode"],
+    default: { providerID: "opencode", modelID: "claude-opus-4-6" },
+  },
+  sessions: [
+    {
+      id: sourceID,
+      slug: "source",
+      projectID,
+      directory,
+      title: "Uncommitted changes inquiry",
+      version: "dev",
+      time: { created: 1700000000000, updated: 1700000000000 },
+    },
+    {
+      id: targetID,
+      slug: "target",
+      projectID,
+      directory,
+      title: "Example Game: sample jump movement & sample physics analysis",
+      version: "dev",
+      time: { created: 1700000001000, updated: 1700000001000 },
+    },
+  ],
+  sourceID,
+  targetID,
+  messages: { [sourceID]: sourceMessages, [targetID]: targetMessages },
+  expected: {
+    sourceTitle: "Uncommitted changes inquiry",
+    targetTitle: "Example Game: sample jump movement & sample physics analysis",
+    sourceMessageIDs: sourceMessages
+      .filter((message) => message.info.role === "user")
+      .map((message) => message.info.id),
+    targetMessageIDs: targetMessages
+      .filter((message) => message.info.role === "user")
+      .map((message) => message.info.id),
+    targetPartIDs: targetMessages.flatMap((message) =>
+      orderedParts(message)
+        .filter(renderable)
+        .map((part) => part.id),
+    ),
+  },
+}
+
+export function pageMessages(sessionID: string, limit: number, before?: string) {
+  const messages = fixture.messages[sessionID as keyof typeof fixture.messages] ?? []
+  const end = before
+    ? Math.max(
+        0,
+        messages.findIndex((message) => message.info.id === before),
+      )
+    : messages.length
+  const start = Math.max(0, end - limit)
+  return {
+    items: messages.slice(start, end),
+    cursor: start > 0 ? messages[start]!.info.id : undefined,
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/timeline-test-helpers.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/timeline-test-helpers.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dc7e1730718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/timeline/timeline-test-helpers.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import type { Page } from "@playwright/test"
+import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
+import { mockOpenCodeServer } from "../../utils/mock-server"
+import { fixture } from "./session-timeline-stress.fixture"
+
+export async function installTimelineSettings(page: Page) {
+  await page.addInitScript(() => {
+    localStorage.setItem(
+      "settings.v3",
+      JSON.stringify({
+        general: {
+          editToolPartsExpanded: true,
+          shellToolPartsExpanded: true,
+          showReasoningSummaries: true,
+          showSessionProgressBar: true,
+        },
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+}
+
+export function mockStressTimeline(page: Page) {
+  return mockOpenCodeServer(page, {
+    sessions: fixture.sessions,
+    provider: fixture.provider,
+    directory: fixture.directory,
+    project: fixture.project,
+    pageMessages: (sessionID) => ({ items: fixture.messages[sessionID as keyof typeof fixture.messages] ?? [] }),
+  })
+}
+
+export async function installStressSessionTabs(page: Page) {
+  const server = `http://${process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_SERVER_HOST ?? "127.0.0.1"}:${process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_SERVER_PORT ?? "4096"}`
+  await page.addInitScript(
+    ({ directory, sourceID, targetID, dirBase64, server }) => {
+      localStorage.setItem(
+        "opencode.global.dat:server",
+        JSON.stringify({
+          projects: { local: [{ worktree: directory, expanded: true }] },
+          lastProject: { local: directory },
+        }),
+      )
+      localStorage.setItem(
+        "opencode.global.dat:tabs",
+        JSON.stringify(
+          [sourceID, targetID].map((sessionId) => ({
+            type: "session",
+            server,
+            dirBase64,
+            sessionId,
+          })),
+        ),
+      )
+    },
+    {
+      directory: fixture.directory,
+      sourceID: fixture.sourceID,
+      targetID: fixture.targetID,
+      dirBase64: base64Encode(fixture.directory),
+      server,
+    },
+  )
+}
+
+export function stressSessionHref(sessionID: string) {
+  return `/${base64Encode(fixture.directory)}/session/${sessionID}`
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/chrome-trace-write.test.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/chrome-trace-write.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..456020ff30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/chrome-trace-write.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { mkdtemp, rm } from "node:fs/promises"
+import path from "node:path"
+import os from "node:os"
+import { prepareChromeTrace } from "../chrome-trace"
+
+test("creates the configured trace directory", async () => {
+  const root = await mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "opencode-trace-"))
+  try {
+    const file = await prepareChromeTrace(path.join(root, "nested", "traces"), "session/tab", false, "test")
+    expect(file).toEndWith("-session-tab-458ed9e3-test.json")
+  } finally {
+    await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true })
+  }
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-tab-repaint-probe.test.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-tab-repaint-probe.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5d20c03a00f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-tab-repaint-probe.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { compressCachedRepaintTrace, layoutShiftSample } from "../timeline/session-tab-repaint-probe"
+
+test("compresses repeated repaint states without losing frame samples", () => {
+  const state = {
+    root: 1,
+    scrollTop: 10,
+    scrollHeight: 20,
+    bottomErrorPx: 0,
+    last: true,
+    rows: [{ key: "row", node: 2, top: 0, bottom: 10 }],
+    mounted: 1,
+    center: "content",
+  }
+  const trace = {
+    timeOriginEpochMs: 1_000,
+    startedAtPerformanceMs: 100,
+    samples: [
+      { observedAtMs: 16, ...state, destination: ["target"], source: [] },
+      { observedAtMs: 32, ...state, destination: ["target"], source: [] },
+      { observedAtMs: 48, ...state, scrollTop: 11, destination: ["target"], source: [] },
+    ],
+    mutations: [{ observedAtMs: 20, changed: [{ type: "add", node: 2 }] }],
+    shifts: [{ occurredAtMs: 24, value: 0.1 }],
+    windowMs: 1_000,
+    running: false,
+    stop() {},
+  }
+  const compressed = compressCachedRepaintTrace(trace)
+  const samples = compressed.samples.flatMap((group) =>
+    group.observedAtMs.map((observedAtMs) => ({ observedAtMs, ...group.state })),
+  )
+
+  expect(samples).toEqual(trace.samples)
+  expect(compressed.mutations).toEqual(trace.mutations)
+  expect(compressed.shifts).toEqual(trace.shifts)
+})
+
+test("records layout shifts at occurrence time within the probe window", () => {
+  expect(layoutShiftSample({ startTime: 99, value: 0.1 }, 100)).toBeUndefined()
+  expect(layoutShiftSample({ startTime: 124, value: 0.2 }, 100)).toEqual({ occurredAtMs: 24, value: 0.2 })
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-tab-switch-metrics.test.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-tab-switch-metrics.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dd771b7d57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-tab-switch-metrics.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { classifySessionSwitch } from "../timeline/session-tab-switch-metrics"
+
+test("counts source and blank samples before the destination is observed", () => {
+  const result = classifySessionSwitch([
+    { observedAtMs: 16, destination: [], source: ["source"], hasVisibleRows: true, last: false },
+    { observedAtMs: 32, destination: [], source: [], hasVisibleRows: false, last: false },
+    { observedAtMs: 48, destination: ["destination"], source: [], hasVisibleRows: true, last: true, bottomErrorPx: 0 },
+    { observedAtMs: 64, destination: ["destination"], source: [], hasVisibleRows: true, last: true, bottomErrorPx: 0 },
+    { observedAtMs: 80, destination: ["destination"], source: [], hasVisibleRows: true, last: true, bottomErrorPx: 0 },
+  ])
+
+  expect(result.blankSamples).toBe(1)
+  expect(result.sourceSamples).toBe(1)
+  expect(result.unknownSamples).toBe(0)
+  expect(result.firstDestinationObservedMs).toBe(48)
+  expect(result.stableObservedMs).toBe(80)
+})
+
+test("does not classify mixed source and destination content as correct", () => {
+  const result = classifySessionSwitch([
+    {
+      observedAtMs: 16,
+      destination: ["destination"],
+      source: ["source"],
+      hasVisibleRows: true,
+      last: true,
+      bottomErrorPx: 0,
+    },
+    { observedAtMs: 32, destination: ["destination"], source: [], hasVisibleRows: true, last: true, bottomErrorPx: 0 },
+    { observedAtMs: 48, destination: ["destination"], source: [], hasVisibleRows: true, last: true, bottomErrorPx: 0 },
+    { observedAtMs: 64, destination: ["destination"], source: [], hasVisibleRows: true, last: true, bottomErrorPx: 0 },
+  ])
+
+  expect(result.firstCorrectObservedMs).toBe(32)
+  expect(result.stableObservedMs).toBe(64)
+})
+
+test("reports missing correctness without throwing", () => {
+  const result = classifySessionSwitch([
+    {
+      observedAtMs: 16,
+      destination: ["destination"],
+      source: ["source"],
+      hasVisibleRows: true,
+      last: true,
+      bottomErrorPx: 0,
+    },
+  ])
+
+  expect(result.firstDestinationObservedMs).toBe(16)
+  expect(result.firstCorrectObservedMs).toBeNull()
+  expect(result.stableObservedMs).toBeNull()
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-timeline-stream-probe.test.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-timeline-stream-probe.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8fca1adb73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-timeline-stream-probe.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { streamChunk } from "../timeline/session-timeline-benchmark.fixture"
+import { streamProgress } from "../timeline/session-timeline-stream-probe"
+
+test("classifies emitted stream markers using the fixture cycle", () => {
+  expect(streamProgress("before stream-17 after stream-18")).toEqual({ index: 18, phase: "boundary" })
+  expect(streamProgress("before stream-18 after stream-19")).toEqual({ index: 19, phase: "stream" })
+  expect(streamProgress("benchmark-complete stream-36")).toEqual({ index: 36, phase: "complete" })
+  expect(streamProgress("no marker")).toEqual({ index: -1, phase: "unknown" })
+})
+
+test("emits progress markers at fixture boundaries", () => {
+  expect(streamProgress(streamChunk(18, 160))).toEqual({ index: 18, phase: "boundary" })
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-timeline-visual-tracking.test.ts b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-timeline-visual-tracking.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0215c5cb6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/performance/unit/session-timeline-visual-tracking.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { layoutShiftValue, removeVisibleRow } from "../timeline/session-timeline-stream-probe"
+
+test("excludes layout shifts before the probe window and recent input", () => {
+  expect(layoutShiftValue({ startTime: 9, value: 0.1 }, 10)).toBeUndefined()
+  expect(layoutShiftValue({ startTime: 10, value: 0.2, hadRecentInput: true }, 10)).toBeUndefined()
+  expect(layoutShiftValue({ startTime: 11, value: 0.3 }, 10)).toBe(0.3)
+})
+
+test("classifies removed rows from their last painted visibility", () => {
+  const row = {}
+  const visible = new Set([row])
+
+  expect(removeVisibleRow(visible, row)).toBe(true)
+  expect(removeVisibleRow(visible, row)).toBe(false)
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.fixture.ts b/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.fixture.ts
index 1fc8571db44..3dce37cafd9 100644
--- a/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.fixture.ts
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.fixture.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ const words = [
   "vector",
 ]
 
+const serverKey = "http://127.0.0.1:4096"
 const sourceID = "ses_smoke_source"
 const targetID = "ses_smoke_target"
 const directory = "C:/OpenCode/SmokeProject"
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ function toolPart(
       status: "completed",
       input,
       output: lorem(index * 23 + partIndex, outputLength),
-      title: tool === "bash" ? "Verify generated output" : input.filePath || input.path || input.pattern || "completed",
+      title: tool === "bash" ? input.command : input.filePath || input.path || input.pattern || "completed",
       metadata,
       time: { start: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000, end: 1700000000000 + index * 10_000 + 400 },
     },
@@ -200,9 +201,7 @@ function turn(index: number): Message[] {
     ...(index % 8 === 0
       ? [toolPart(index, 8, "apply_patch", { files: [`src/generated/patch-${index}.ts`] }, 620)]
       : []),
-    ...(index % 7 === 0
-      ? [toolPart(index, 4, "bash", { command: "bun typecheck", description: "Verify generated output" }, 620)]
-      : []),
+    ...(index % 7 === 0 ? [toolPart(index, 4, "bash", { command: "bun typecheck" }, 620)] : []),
     ...(index % 10 === 0 ? [toolPart(index, 9, "webfetch", { url: "https://example.com/docs/sample" }, 120)] : []),
     ...(index % 11 === 0 ? [toolPart(index, 10, "websearch", { query: "sample movement notes" }, 240)] : []),
     ...(index % 13 === 0
@@ -242,6 +241,7 @@ function orderedParts(message: Message) {
 
 export const fixture = {
   directory,
+  serverKey,
   project: {
     id: projectID,
     worktree: directory,
@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@ export const fixture = {
         .filter(renderable)
         .map((part) => part.id),
     ),
+    expandedShellPartID: targetMessages.flatMap((message) => message.parts).find((part) => part.tool === "bash")!.id,
   },
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.spec.ts b/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.spec.ts
index 925614cc28f..dba7eae7e36 100644
--- a/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/smoke/session-timeline.spec.ts
@@ -327,6 +327,18 @@ test.describe("smoke: session timeline", () => {
     const expectedMessageIDs = fixture.expected.targetMessageIDs
     await expectSessionTimelineReady(page, expectedPartIDs, expectedMessageIDs, errors)
     await expectCanScrollToStart(page, expectedPartIDs, expectedMessageIDs, errors)
+
+    const shell = page.locator(`[data-timeline-part-id="${fixture.expected.expandedShellPartID}"]`)
+    const shellTrigger = shell.locator('[data-slot="collapsible-trigger"]')
+    const shellSubtitle = shell.locator('[data-slot="basic-tool-tool-subtitle"]')
+    await expect(shellSubtitle).toHaveCount(0)
+    await expect(shell.locator('[data-slot="bash-pre"]')).toContainText("$ bun typecheck")
+    await shellTrigger.click()
+    await expect(shellTrigger).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "false")
+    await expect(shellSubtitle).toHaveText("bun typecheck")
+    await shellTrigger.click()
+    await expect(shellTrigger).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "true")
+    await expect(shellSubtitle).toHaveCount(0)
   })
 })
 
@@ -706,7 +718,8 @@ async function navigateToSession(page: Page, directory: string, sessionId: strin
 }
 
 async function switchTitlebarSession(page: Page, sessionID: string, title: string) {
-  const href = `/${base64Encode(fixture.directory)}/session/${sessionID}`
+  console.log(process.env)
+  const href = `/server/${base64Encode(fixture.serverKey)}/session/${sessionID}`
   const tab = page.locator(`[data-slot="titlebar-tabs"] a[href="${href}"]`).first()
   await expect(tab).toBeVisible()
   await tab.click()
diff --git a/packages/app/e2e/utils/mock-server.ts b/packages/app/e2e/utils/mock-server.ts
index c4ef9f6cc84..cf0c9524314 100644
--- a/packages/app/e2e/utils/mock-server.ts
+++ b/packages/app/e2e/utils/mock-server.ts
@@ -44,7 +44,10 @@ export async function mockOpenCodeServer(page: Page, config: MockServerConfig) {
   await page.route("**/*", async (route) => {
     const url = new URL(route.request().url())
     const targetPort = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_SERVER_PORT ?? "4096"
-    if (url.port !== targetPort) return route.fallback()
+    const appPort = new URL(
+      process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_URL ?? `http://127.0.0.1:${process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_PORT ?? "3000"}`,
+    ).port
+    if (url.port !== targetPort && url.port !== appPort) return route.fallback()
 
     const path = url.pathname
     if (path === "/global/event" || path === "/event") return sse(route, config.events?.(), config.eventRetry)
@@ -72,7 +75,8 @@ export async function mockOpenCodeServer(page: Page, config: MockServerConfig) {
       return json(route, pageData.items, pageData.cursor ? { "x-next-cursor": pageData.cursor } : undefined)
     }
 
-    return json(route, {})
+    if (url.port === targetPort && targetPort !== appPort) return json(route, {})
+    return route.fallback()
   })
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/app/package.json b/packages/app/package.json
index 0b46ec02873..e4906b9ea4b 100644
--- a/packages/app/package.json
+++ b/packages/app/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/app",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "description": "",
   "type": "module",
   "exports": {
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
     "test:e2e": "playwright test",
     "test:e2e:local": "playwright test",
     "test:e2e:ui": "playwright test --ui",
-    "test:e2e:report": "playwright show-report e2e/playwright-report"
+    "test:e2e:report": "playwright show-report e2e/playwright-report",
+    "test:bench": "bun test ./e2e/performance/unit && playwright test --config e2e/performance/playwright.config.ts"
   },
   "license": "MIT",
   "devDependencies": {
diff --git a/packages/app/playwright.config.ts b/packages/app/playwright.config.ts
index d9648a88ba6..f68652363d3 100644
--- a/packages/app/playwright.config.ts
+++ b/packages/app/playwright.config.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ const reuse = !process.env.CI
 const workers = Number(process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_WORKERS ?? (process.env.CI ? 5 : 0)) || undefined
 export default defineConfig({
   testDir: "./e2e",
+  testIgnore: process.env.OPENCODE_PERFORMANCE === "1" ? "performance/**/*.test.ts" : "performance/**",
   outputDir: "./e2e/test-results",
   timeout: 60_000,
   expect: {
diff --git a/packages/app/src/app.tsx b/packages/app/src/app.tsx
index 75f0c6b4446..e2f6108fd2b 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/app.tsx
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { Splash } from "@opencode-ai/ui/logo"
 import { ThemeProvider } from "@opencode-ai/ui/theme/context"
 import { MetaProvider } from "@solidjs/meta"
 import { type BaseRouterProps, Navigate, Route, Router, useParams, useSearchParams } from "@solidjs/router"
-import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
+import { keepPreviousData, QueryClient, QueryClientProvider, useQuery } from "@tanstack/solid-query"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import {
   type Component,
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import { Dynamic } from "solid-js/web"
 import { CommandProvider } from "@/context/command"
 import { CommentsProvider } from "@/context/comments"
 import { FileProvider } from "@/context/file"
-import { ServerSDKProvider } from "@/context/server-sdk"
+import { ServerSDKProvider, useServerSDK } from "@/context/server-sdk"
 import { ServerSyncProvider } from "@/context/server-sync"
 import { GlobalProvider } from "@/context/global"
 import { HighlightsProvider } from "@/context/highlights"
@@ -47,11 +47,14 @@ import { TabsProvider, useTabs, type DraftTab } from "@/context/tabs"
 import { SDKProvider, useSDK } from "@/context/sdk"
 import { WslServersProvider } from "@/wsl/context"
 import DirectoryLayout, { DirectoryDataProvider } from "@/pages/directory-layout"
-import Layout from "@/pages/layout"
+import LegacyLayout from "@/pages/layout"
+import NewLayout from "@/pages/layout-new"
 import { ErrorPage } from "./pages/error"
 import { useCheckServerHealth } from "./utils/server-health"
+import { legacySessionHref, requireServerKey, rootSession, sessionHref } from "./utils/session-route"
 
-const HomeRoute = lazy(() => import("@/pages/home"))
+const LegacyHome = lazy(() => import("@/pages/home").then((module) => ({ default: module.LegacyHome })))
+const NewHome = lazy(() => import("@/pages/home").then((module) => ({ default: module.NewHome })))
 const Session = lazy(() => import("@/pages/session"))
 const NewSession = lazy(() => import("@/pages/new-session"))
 
@@ -64,6 +67,10 @@ const SessionRoute = Object.assign(
     const server = useServer()
     const tabs = useTabs()
 
+    if (params.id && settings.general.newLayoutDesigns()) {
+      return <Navigate href={sessionHref(server.key, params.id)} />
+    }
+
     // When the new layout is enabled, the legacy new-session route (/:dir/session with no id)
     // is replaced by a draft at /new-session?draftId=…
     createEffect(() => {
@@ -82,29 +89,55 @@ const SessionRoute = Object.assign(
   { preload: Session.preload },
 )
 
+const TargetSessionRoute = Object.assign(
+  () => {
+    const sdk = useSDK()
+    const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
+    return (
+      <Show when={`${serverSDK().scope}\0${sdk().directory}`} keyed>
+        <SessionProviders>
+          <Session />
+        </SessionProviders>
+      </Show>
+    )
+  },
+  { preload: Session.preload },
+)
+
 // Wraps the non-draft routes. They are gated on (and keyed to) the globally selected
 // server via ServerKey, then provide the server-scoped shell (Permission/Layout/
 // Notification/Models + the visual Layout) for that server.
-function SelectedServerLayout(props: ParentProps) {
+function SelectedServerProviders(props: ParentProps) {
   return (
     <ServerKey>
       <ServerSDKProvider>
-        <ServerSyncProvider>
-          <ServerScopedShell>{props.children}</ServerScopedShell>
-        </ServerSyncProvider>
+        <ServerSyncProvider>{props.children}</ServerSyncProvider>
       </ServerSDKProvider>
     </ServerKey>
   )
 }
 
+function LegacyServerLayout(props: ParentProps) {
+  return (
+    <SelectedServerProviders>
+      <LegacyServerScopedShell>{props.children}</LegacyServerScopedShell>
+    </SelectedServerProviders>
+  )
+}
+
 // Wraps /new-session. It resolves the draft's target server and provides the
 // server-scoped shell for that server — without ServerKey, so the page never depends
 // on the globally "selected" server.
-function DraftServerLayout(props: ParentProps) {
+function TargetServerLayout(props: ParentProps) {
   const server = useServer()
   const tabs = useTabs()
+  const params = useParams<{ serverKey?: string }>()
   const [search] = useSearchParams<{ draftId?: string }>()
   const conn = createMemo(() => {
+    if (params.serverKey) {
+      const key = requireServerKey(params.serverKey)
+      return server.list.find((item) => ServerConnection.key(item) === key)
+    }
     const id = search.draftId
     if (!id) return undefined
     const draft = tabs.store.find((tab): tab is DraftTab => tab.type === "draft" && tab.draftID === id)
@@ -115,48 +148,98 @@ function DraftServerLayout(props: ParentProps) {
   return (
     <ServerSDKProvider server={conn}>
       <ServerSyncProvider server={conn}>
-        <ServerScopedShell>{props.children}</ServerScopedShell>
+        <TargetDirectoryLayout>{props.children}</TargetDirectoryLayout>
       </ServerSyncProvider>
     </ServerSDKProvider>
   )
 }
 
+function TargetDirectoryLayout(props: ParentProps) {
+  const params = useParams<{ serverKey?: string; id?: string }>()
+  const [search] = useSearchParams<{ draftId?: string }>()
+  const settings = useSettings()
+  const tabs = useTabs()
+  const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
+  const serverKey = createMemo(() => {
+    if (params.serverKey) return requireServerKey(params.serverKey)
+    if (!search.draftId) return undefined
+    return tabs.store.find((tab): tab is DraftTab => tab.type === "draft" && tab.draftID === search.draftId)?.server
+  })
+
+  const resolved = useQuery(() => ({
+    queryKey: [serverSDK().scope, "session-route", params.id] as const,
+    enabled: !!params.serverKey && !!params.id,
+    placeholderData: keepPreviousData,
+    queryFn: async () => {
+      const session = (await serverSDK().client.session.get({ sessionID: params.id! })).data!
+      const root = await rootSession(session, (sessionID) =>
+        serverSDK()
+          .client.session.get({ sessionID })
+          .then((result) => result.data!),
+      )
+      return { session, rootID: root.id }
+    },
+  }))
+  const resolvedDirectory = createMemo(() => {
+    if (params.serverKey) return resolved.data?.session.directory
+    if (!search.draftId) return undefined
+    return tabs.store.find((tab): tab is DraftTab => tab.type === "draft" && tab.draftID === search.draftId)?.directory
+  })
+  const directory = createMemo<string | undefined>((prev) => prev ?? resolvedDirectory())
+  const home = () => !params.serverKey && !search.draftId
+  const targetDirectory = () => directory()!
+
+  createEffect(() => {
+    const current = resolved.data
+    const key = serverKey()
+    if (!current || !key) return
+    tabs.addSessionTab({
+      server: key,
+      sessionId: current.rootID,
+    })
+  })
+
+  return (
+    <NewServerScopedShell directory={() => (home() ? undefined : directory())} sessionID={() => params.id}>
+      <Show when={!home()} fallback={props.children}>
+        <Show when={!resolved.error} fallback={<ErrorPage error={resolved.error} />}>
+          <Show when={directory()}>
+            <Show
+              when={!params.serverKey || settings.general.newLayoutDesigns()}
+              fallback={<Navigate href={legacySessionHref(directory()!, params.id!)} />}
+            >
+              <SDKProvider directory={targetDirectory}>
+                <DirectoryDataProvider directory={targetDirectory} server={serverKey}>
+                  <Show when={!params.serverKey || (resolved.data && !resolved.isPlaceholderData)}>
+                    {props.children}
+                  </Show>
+                </DirectoryDataProvider>
+              </SDKProvider>
+            </Show>
+          </Show>
+        </Show>
+      </Show>
+    </NewServerScopedShell>
+  )
+}
+
 function DraftRoute() {
   const [search] = useSearchParams<{ draftId?: string }>()
   const tabs = useTabs()
   return (
     <Show when={tabs.ready()}>
       <Show when={search.draftId} keyed fallback={<Navigate href="/" />}>
-        {(draftID) => <ResolvedDraftRoute draftID={draftID} />}
+        <ResolvedDraftRoute />
       </Show>
     </Show>
   )
 }
 
-function ResolvedDraftRoute(props: { draftID: string }) {
-  const tabs = useTabs()
-  const draft = createMemo(() =>
-    tabs.store.find((tab): tab is DraftTab => tab.type === "draft" && tab.draftID === props.draftID),
-  )
-
-  // Key on the directory so retargeting the draft's project re-instantiates the
-  // directory-scoped providers while keeping the same draft id. The draft's target
-  // server is provided by DraftServerLayout, so changing only the server updates the
-  // SDK/sync hooks without remounting the composer.
-  const directory = () => draft()?.directory
-
+function ResolvedDraftRoute() {
   return (
-    <Show when={directory()} keyed>
-      {(dir) => (
-        <SDKProvider directory={dir}>
-          <DirectoryDataProvider directory={dir} draftID={props.draftID}>
-            <DraftProviders>
-              <NewSession />
-            </DraftProviders>
-          </DirectoryDataProvider>
-        </SDKProvider>
-      )}
-    </Show>
+    <DraftProviders>
+      <NewSession />
+    </DraftProviders>
   )
 }
 
@@ -210,32 +293,51 @@ function BodyDesignClass() {
 // shell (router root) so they stay mounted regardless of the active server/route.
 function SharedProviders(props: ParentProps) {
   return (
-    <SettingsProvider>
+    <>
       <BodyDesignClass />
       <CommandProvider>
         <HighlightsProvider>{props.children}</HighlightsProvider>
       </CommandProvider>
-    </SettingsProvider>
+    </>
   )
 }
 
 // Server-scoped providers plus the visual Layout (tabs/sidebar). These live inside
 // each per-route server layout so they resolve to that route's server (selected vs
 // draft). The Layout remounts when crossing between those groups.
-function ServerScopedShell(props: ParentProps) {
+type ServerScopedShellProps = ParentProps<{
+  directory?: () => string | undefined
+  sessionID?: () => string | undefined
+}>
+
+function ServerScopedProviders(props: ServerScopedShellProps) {
   return (
-    <PermissionProvider>
+    <PermissionProvider directory={props.directory}>
       <LayoutProvider>
-        <NotificationProvider>
-          <ModelsProvider>
-            <Layout>{props.children}</Layout>
-          </ModelsProvider>
+        <NotificationProvider directory={props.directory} sessionID={props.sessionID}>
+          <ModelsProvider>{props.children}</ModelsProvider>
         </NotificationProvider>
       </LayoutProvider>
     </PermissionProvider>
   )
 }
 
+function LegacyServerScopedShell(props: ServerScopedShellProps) {
+  return (
+    <ServerScopedProviders directory={props.directory} sessionID={props.sessionID}>
+      <LegacyLayout>{props.children}</LegacyLayout>
+    </ServerScopedProviders>
+  )
+}
+
+function NewServerScopedShell(props: ServerScopedShellProps) {
+  return (
+    <ServerScopedProviders directory={props.directory} sessionID={props.sessionID}>
+      <NewLayout>{props.children}</NewLayout>
+    </ServerScopedProviders>
+  )
+}
+
 function SessionProviders(props: ParentProps) {
   return (
     <TerminalProvider>
@@ -439,28 +541,61 @@ export function AppInterface(props: {
       servers={props.servers}
     >
       <GlobalProvider>
-        <ConnectionGate disableHealthCheck={props.disableHealthCheck}>
-          <Dynamic
-            component={props.router ?? Router}
-            root={(routerProps) => (
-              <TabsProvider>
-                <ServerShell>{routerProps.children}</ServerShell>
-              </TabsProvider>
-            )}
-          >
-            <Route component={SelectedServerLayout}>
-              <Route path="/" component={HomeRoute} />
-              <Route path="/:dir" component={DirectoryLayout}>
-                <Route path="/" component={() => <Navigate href="session" />} />
-                <Route path="/session/:id?" component={SessionRoute} />
-              </Route>
-            </Route>
-            <Route component={DraftServerLayout}>
-              <Route path="/new-session" component={DraftRoute} />
-            </Route>
-          </Dynamic>
-        </ConnectionGate>
+        <SettingsProvider>
+          <ConnectionGate disableHealthCheck={props.disableHealthCheck}>
+            <Show when={useSettings().general.newLayoutDesigns().toString()} keyed>
+              <Dynamic
+                component={props.router ?? Router}
+                root={(routerProps) => (
+                  <TabsProvider>
+                    <ServerShell>{routerProps.children}</ServerShell>
+                  </TabsProvider>
+                )}
+              >
+                <Routes />
+              </Dynamic>
+            </Show>
+          </ConnectionGate>
+        </SettingsProvider>
       </GlobalProvider>
     </ServerProvider>
   )
 }
+
+function Routes() {
+  const settings = useSettings()
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      <Route component={LegacyServerLayout}>
+        <Show when={!settings.general.newLayoutDesigns()}>{<Route path="/" component={LegacyHome} />}</Show>
+        <Route path="/:dir" component={DirectoryLayout}>
+          <Route path="/" component={() => <Navigate href="session" />} />
+          <Route path="/session/:id?" component={SessionRoute} />
+        </Route>
+      </Route>
+      <Route component={TargetServerLayout}>
+        <Show when={settings.general.newLayoutDesigns()}>
+          {
+            <>
+              <Route path="/" component={NewHome} />
+              <Route path="/:dir" component={DirectoryLayout}>
+                <Route
+                  path="/session/:id"
+                  component={() => {
+                    const server = useServer()
+                    const { id } = useParams()
+
+                    return <Navigate href={`/server/${server.key}/session/${id}`} />
+                  }}
+                />
+              </Route>
+            </>
+          }
+        </Show>
+        <Route path="/new-session" component={DraftRoute} />
+        <Route path="/server/:serverKey/session/:id" component={TargetSessionRoute} />
+      </Route>
+    </>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/prompt-input/submit.ts b/packages/app/src/components/prompt-input/submit.ts
index a95f0a60307..621723ae110 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/prompt-input/submit.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/prompt-input/submit.ts
@@ -388,12 +388,7 @@ export function createPromptSubmit(input: PromptSubmitInput) {
         local.session.promote(sessionDirectory, session.id)
         layout.handoff.setTabs(base64Encode(sessionDirectory), session.id)
         const draftID = search.draftId
-        if (draftID)
-          tabs.promoteDraft(draftID, {
-            server: server.key,
-            dirBase64: base64Encode(sessionDirectory),
-            sessionId: session.id,
-          })
+        if (draftID) tabs.promoteDraft(draftID, { server: server.key, sessionId: session.id })
         else navigate(`/${base64Encode(sessionDirectory)}/session/${session.id}`)
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/app/src/components/titlebar.tsx b/packages/app/src/components/titlebar.tsx
index 82771432041..3312856391f 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/components/titlebar.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/components/titlebar.tsx
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import { useLanguage } from "@/context/language"
 import { useSettings } from "@/context/settings"
 import { WindowsAppMenu } from "./windows-app-menu"
 import { applyPath, backPath, forwardPath } from "./titlebar-history"
-import { useServerSync } from "@/context/server-sync"
 import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { ProjectAvatar } from "@opencode-ai/ui/v2/project-avatar-v2"
 import { displayName, getProjectAvatarSource, projectForSession } from "@/pages/layout/helpers"
@@ -38,10 +37,11 @@ import { makeEventListener } from "@solid-primitives/event-listener"
 import { createResizeObserver } from "@solid-primitives/resize-observer"
 import { readSessionTabsRemovedDetail, SESSION_TABS_REMOVED_EVENT } from "@/components/titlebar-session-events"
 import { useGlobal } from "@/context/global"
-import { decode64 } from "@/utils/base64"
 import { ServerConnection, useServer } from "@/context/server"
-import { tabHref, useTabs, type Tab } from "@/context/tabs"
+import { tabHref, useTabs } from "@/context/tabs"
 import "./titlebar.css"
+import { useServerSDK } from "@/context/server-sdk"
+import { Session } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 
 type TauriDesktopWindow = {
   startDragging?: () => Promise<void>
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate }) {
       <Switch>
         <Match when={useV2Titlebar()}>
           {(_) => {
-            const serverSync = useServerSync()
+            const serverSdk = useServerSDK()
             const navigate = useNavigate()
             const layout = useLayout()
 
@@ -268,6 +268,17 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate }) {
             const tabs = useTabs()
             const tabsStore = tabs.store
             const tabsStoreActions = tabs
+            const [session] = createResource(
+              () => {
+                const route = layout.route()
+                return route.type === "session" ? route : undefined
+              },
+              (route) =>
+                serverSdk()
+                  .client.session.get({ sessionID: route.sessionId })
+                  .then((x) => x.data)
+                  .catch(() => {}),
+            )
 
             const matchRoute = (route: LayoutRoute) => {
               if (route.type === "home") return
@@ -280,10 +291,9 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate }) {
                     item.type === "session" && item.server === route.server && item.sessionId === route.sessionId,
                 )
                 if (main) return main
-                const sync = serverSync().createDirSyncContext(route.dir)
-                const session = sync.session.get(route.sessionId)
-                if (session?.parentID) {
-                  const parentID = session.parentID
+                const s = session()
+                if (s?.parentID) {
+                  const parentID = s.parentID
                   const parent = tabsStore.find(
                     (item) => item.type === "session" && item.server === route.server && item.sessionId === parentID,
                   )
@@ -304,15 +314,10 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate }) {
               }
 
               if (route.type === "session") {
-                const sync = serverSync().createDirSyncContext(route.dir)
-                const session = sync.session.get(route.sessionId)
-                if (!session) return
-                const sessionId = session.parentID ?? session.id
-                const next = {
-                  server: route.server ?? server.key,
-                  dirBase64: route.dirBase64,
-                  sessionId,
-                }
+                const s = session()
+                if (!s) return
+                const sessionId = s.parentID ?? s.id
+                const next = { server: route.server ?? server.key, sessionId }
                 tabsStoreActions.addSessionTab(next)
               }
             })
@@ -495,25 +500,38 @@ export function Titlebar(props: { update?: TitlebarUpdate }) {
                             )
                           }
 
+                          const [session] = createResource(
+                            () => tab.sessionId,
+                            (sessionID) =>
+                              serverSdk()
+                                .client.session.get({ sessionID })
+                                .then((x) => x.data)
+                                .catch(() => undefined),
+                          )
+
                           return (
                             <>
                               {divider()}
-                              <TabNavItem
-                                ref={ref}
-                                href={tabHref(tab)}
-                                server={tab.server}
-                                directory={decode64(tab.dirBase64)!}
-                                sessionId={tab.sessionId}
-                                onNavigate={() => {
-                                  tabs.select(tab)
+                              <Show when={session()}>
+                                {(session) => (
+                                  <TabNavItem
+                                    ref={ref}
+                                    href={tabHref(tab)}
+                                    server={tab.server}
+                                    sessionId={tab.sessionId}
+                                    session={session()}
+                                    onNavigate={() => {
+                                      tabs.select(tab)
 
-                                  ref.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "instant" })
-                                }}
-                                onClose={() => tabsStoreActions.removeTab(i())}
-                                active={currentTab() === tab}
-                                activeServer={tab.server === server.key}
-                                forceTruncate={tabsAreOverflowing()}
-                              />
+                                      ref.scrollIntoView({ behavior: "instant" })
+                                    }}
+                                    onClose={() => tabsStoreActions.removeTab(i())}
+                                    active={currentTab() === tab}
+                                    activeServer={tab.server === server.key}
+                                    forceTruncate={tabsAreOverflowing()}
+                                  />
+                                )}
+                              </Show>
                             </>
                           )
                         }}
@@ -793,7 +811,6 @@ function TabNavItem(props: {
   ref?: HTMLDivElement
   href: string
   server: ServerConnection.Key
-  directory: string
   sessionId?: string
   hideClose?: boolean
   onClose: () => void
@@ -801,31 +818,19 @@ function TabNavItem(props: {
   active?: boolean
   activeServer: boolean
   forceTruncate?: boolean
+  session: Session
 }) {
   const closeTab = (event: MouseEvent) => {
     event.preventDefault()
     event.stopPropagation()
     props.onClose()
   }
+
   const global = useGlobal()
   const serverCtx = createMemo(() => {
     const conn = global.servers.list().find((item) => ServerConnection.key(item) === props.server)
     if (conn) return global.createServerCtx(conn)
   })
-  const dirSyncCtx = createMemo(() => serverCtx()?.sync.createDirSyncContext(props.directory))
-
-  const [session] = createResource(
-    () => {
-      const ctx = dirSyncCtx()
-      if (!ctx || !props.sessionId) return
-      return [props.sessionId, ctx] as const
-    },
-    async ([sessionId, dirSyncCtx]) => {
-      await dirSyncCtx.session.sync(sessionId).catch(() => {})
-      return dirSyncCtx.session.get(sessionId)
-    },
-    { initialValue: props.sessionId ? dirSyncCtx()?.session.get(props.sessionId) : undefined },
-  )
 
   return (
     <div
@@ -837,7 +842,7 @@ function TabNavItem(props: {
         closeTab(event)
       }}
     >
-      <Show when={session.latest}>
+      <Show when={props.session}>
         {(session) => {
           const project = createMemo(() => projectForSession(session(), serverCtx()?.projects.list() ?? []))
 
@@ -853,7 +858,7 @@ function TabNavItem(props: {
               <span data-slot="project-avatar-slot">
                 <ProjectTabAvatar
                   project={project()}
-                  directory={props.directory}
+                  directory={session().directory}
                   sessionId={session().id}
                   activeServer={props.activeServer}
                 />
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/comments.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/comments.tsx
index 71186a55f74..afc59b59562 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/comments.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/comments.tsx
@@ -2,12 +2,14 @@ import { batch, createMemo, createRoot, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, reconcile, type SetStoreFunction, type Store } from "solid-js/store"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
 import { useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
+import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/utils/persist"
 import { useServerSDK } from "./server-sdk"
 import type { ServerScope } from "@/utils/server-scope"
 import { createScopedCache } from "@/utils/scoped-cache"
 import { uuid } from "@/utils/uuid"
 import type { SelectedLineRange } from "@/context/file"
+import { useSDK } from "./sdk"
 
 export type LineComment = {
   id: string
@@ -202,6 +204,7 @@ export const { use: useComments, provider: CommentsProvider } = createSimpleCont
   gate: false,
   init: () => {
     const params = useParams()
+    const sdk = useSDK()
     const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
     const cache = createScopedCache(
       (key) => {
@@ -228,7 +231,7 @@ export const { use: useComments, provider: CommentsProvider } = createSimpleCont
       return cache.get(key).value
     }
 
-    const session = createMemo(() => load(params.dir!, params.id))
+    const session = createMemo(() => load(base64Encode(sdk().directory), params.id))
 
     return {
       ready: () => session().ready(),
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/file.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/file.tsx
index 14ed7466c18..f7668c19492 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/file.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/file.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { createStore, produce, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
 import { showToast } from "@/utils/toast"
 import { useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
+import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { getFilename } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/path"
 import { useSDK } from "./sdk"
 import { useSync } from "./sync"
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ export const { use: useFile, provider: FileProvider } = createSimpleContext({
     const scope = createMemo(() => sdk().directory)
     const path = createPathHelpers(scope)
     const tabs = layout.tabs(() =>
-      SessionStateKey.from(serverSDK().scope, SessionRouteKey.fromRoute(params.dir, params.id)),
+      SessionStateKey.from(serverSDK().scope, SessionRouteKey.fromRoute(base64Encode(sdk().directory), params.id)),
     )
 
     const inflight = new Map<string, Promise<void>>()
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/layout.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/layout.tsx
index 53bf40e7059..edd58ad7a74 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/layout.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/layout.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { createPathHelpers } from "./file/path"
 import type { ProjectAvatarVariant } from "@opencode-ai/ui/v2/project-avatar-v2"
 import { migrateLegacySessionStateKeys, ServerScope, SessionStateKey } from "@/utils/server-scope"
 import { createSessionKeyReader, ensureSessionKey, pruneSessionKeys } from "./layout-helpers"
+import { requireServerKey } from "@/utils/session-route"
 
 export { createSessionKeyReader, ensureSessionKey, pruneSessionKeys }
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ export type LayoutRoute =
   | { type: "home" }
   | { type: "draft"; draftID: string; server?: ServerConnection.Key }
   | { type: "dir-new-sesssion"; dir: string; dirBase64: string; server?: ServerConnection.Key }
-  | { type: "session"; dir: string; dirBase64: string; sessionId: string; server?: ServerConnection.Key }
+  | { type: "session"; sessionId: string; server?: ServerConnection.Key }
 
 function nextSessionTabsForOpen(current: SessionTabs | undefined, tab: string): SessionTabs {
   const all = current?.all ?? []
@@ -131,6 +132,14 @@ const currentRoute = (pathname: string, search: string): LayoutRoute => {
     return { type: "draft", draftID }
   }
 
+  if (parts[0] === "server" && parts[2] === "session" && parts[3]) {
+    return {
+      type: "session",
+      sessionId: parts[3],
+      server: requireServerKey(parts[1]),
+    }
+  }
+
   const dirBase64 = parts[0]
   const dir = decode64(dirBase64)
   if (!dir) return { type: "home" }
@@ -138,7 +147,7 @@ const currentRoute = (pathname: string, search: string): LayoutRoute => {
   if (parts[1] !== "session") return { type: "home" }
 
   const id = parts[2]
-  if (id) return { type: "session", dir, dirBase64, sessionId: id }
+  if (id) return { type: "session", sessionId: id }
   return { type: "dir-new-sesssion", dir, dirBase64 }
 }
 
@@ -154,6 +163,7 @@ export const { use: useLayout, provider: LayoutProvider } = createSimpleContext(
     const route = createMemo(() => {
       const value = currentRoute(location.pathname, location.search)
       if (value.type === "home") return value
+      if (value.server) return value
       return { ...value, server: server.key }
     })
 
@@ -572,7 +582,7 @@ export const { use: useLayout, provider: LayoutProvider } = createSimpleContext(
       handoff: {
         tabs: createMemo(() => store.handoff?.tabs),
         setTabs(dir: string, id: string) {
-          setStore("handoff", "tabs", { scope: server.scope(), dir, id, at: Date.now() })
+          setStore("handoff", "tabs", { scope: serverSdk().scope, dir, id, at: Date.now() })
         },
         clearTabs() {
           if (!store.handoff?.tabs) return
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/notification.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/notification.tsx
index 0814dbce7ca..ca0ea5f86c5 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/notification.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/notification.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { createStore, reconcile } from "solid-js/store"
-import { batch, createEffect, createMemo, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
+import { type Accessor, batch, createEffect, createMemo, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
 import { useServerSDK } from "./server-sdk"
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ function buildNotificationIndex(list: Notification[]) {
 export const { use: useNotification, provider: NotificationProvider } = createSimpleContext({
   name: "Notification",
   gate: false,
-  init: () => {
+  init: (props: { directory?: Accessor<string | undefined>; sessionID?: Accessor<string | undefined> }) => {
     const params = useParams()
     const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
     const serverSync = useServerSync()
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@ export const { use: useNotification, provider: NotificationProvider } = createSi
     const empty: Notification[] = []
 
     const currentDirectory = createMemo(() => {
-      return decode64(params.dir)
+      return props.directory?.() ?? decode64(params.dir)
     })
 
-    const currentSession = createMemo(() => params.id)
+    const currentSession = createMemo(() => props.sessionID?.() ?? params.id)
 
     const [store, setStore, _, ready] = persisted(
       Persist.serverGlobal(serverSDK().scope, "notification", ["notification.v1"]),
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/permission.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/permission.tsx
index dce3a404999..ff43638bbc8 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/permission.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/permission.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createEffect, createMemo, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
+import { type Accessor, createEffect, createMemo, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, produce } from "solid-js/store"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
 import type { PermissionRequest } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/client"
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ function hasPermissionPromptRules(permission: unknown) {
 export const { use: usePermission, provider: PermissionProvider } = createSimpleContext({
   name: "Permission",
   gate: false,
-  init: () => {
+  init: (props: { directory?: Accessor<string | undefined> }) => {
     const params = useParams()
     const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
     const serverSync = useServerSync()
 
     const permissionsEnabled = createMemo(() => {
-      const directory = decode64(params.dir)
+      const directory = props.directory?.() ?? decode64(params.dir)
       if (!directory) return false
       const [store] = serverSync().child(directory)
       return hasPermissionPromptRules(store.config.permission)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ export const { use: usePermission, provider: PermissionProvider } = createSimple
     // When config has permission: "allow", auto-enable directory-level auto-accept
     createEffect(() => {
       if (!ready()) return
-      const directory = decode64(params.dir)
+      const directory = props.directory?.() ?? decode64(params.dir)
       if (!directory) return
       const [childStore] = serverSync().child(directory)
       const perm = childStore.config.permission
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/prompt.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/prompt.tsx
index 4a62c2a8d8d..62818550da6 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/prompt.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/prompt.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
-import { checksum } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
+import { base64Encode, checksum } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { useParams, useSearchParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { batch, createMemo, createRoot, getOwner, onCleanup } from "solid-js"
 import { createStore, type SetStoreFunction } from "solid-js/store"
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import type { FileSelection } from "@/context/file"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/utils/persist"
 import { useServerSDK } from "./server-sdk"
 import type { ServerScope } from "@/utils/server-scope"
+import { useSDK } from "./sdk"
 
 interface PartBase {
   content: string
@@ -256,6 +257,7 @@ export const { use: usePrompt, provider: PromptProvider } = createSimpleContext(
   gate: false,
   init: () => {
     const params = useParams()
+    const sdk = useSDK()
     const [search] = useSearchParams<{ draftId?: string }>()
     const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
     const cache = new Map<string, PromptCacheEntry>()
@@ -303,7 +305,7 @@ export const { use: usePrompt, provider: PromptProvider } = createSimpleContext(
     }
 
     const session = createMemo(() =>
-      load(search.draftId ? { draftID: search.draftId } : { dir: params.dir!, id: params.id }),
+      load(search.draftId ? { draftID: search.draftId } : { dir: base64Encode(sdk().directory), id: params.id }),
     )
     const pick = (scope?: Scope) => (scope ? load(scope) : session())
 
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/tabs.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/tabs.tsx
index 393875ff091..774a21d9b79 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/tabs.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/tabs.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { Session } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/client"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
-import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { createStore, produce } from "solid-js/store"
 import { Persist, persisted, removePersisted, draftPersistedKeys } from "@/utils/persist"
 import { ServerConnection, useServer } from "./server"
@@ -9,11 +8,11 @@ import { useLocation, useNavigate, useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { usePlatform } from "./platform"
 import { uuid } from "@/utils/uuid"
 import { SessionTabsRemovedDetail } from "@/components/titlebar-session-events"
+import { sessionHref } from "@/utils/session-route"
 
 export type SessionTab = {
   type: "session"
   server: ServerConnection.Key
-  dirBase64: string
   sessionId: string
 }
 
@@ -34,16 +33,12 @@ type RecentTab = {
 export const draftHref = (draftID: string) => `/new-session?draftId=${encodeURIComponent(draftID)}`
 
 export const tabHref = (tab: Tab) =>
-  tab.type === "draft" ? draftHref(tab.draftID) : `/${tab.dirBase64}/session/${tab.sessionId}`
+  tab.type === "draft" ? draftHref(tab.draftID) : sessionHref(tab.server, tab.sessionId)
 
 export const tabKey = (tab: Tab) => (tab.type === "draft" ? `draft:${tab.draftID}` : `${tab.server}\n${tabHref(tab)}`)
 
 export function sessionHasOpenTab(tabs: Tab[], server: ServerConnection.Key, session: Session) {
-  const dirBase64 = base64Encode(session.directory)
-  return tabs.some(
-    (tab) =>
-      tab.type === "session" && tab.server === server && tab.dirBase64 === dirBase64 && tab.sessionId === session.id,
-  )
+  return tabs.some((tab) => tab.type === "session" && tab.server === server && tab.sessionId === session.id)
 }
 
 export const { use: useTabs, provider: TabsProvider } = createSimpleContext({
@@ -105,14 +100,7 @@ export const { use: useTabs, provider: TabsProvider } = createSimpleContext({
     const navigateTab = (tab: Tab) => {
       const href = tabHref(tab)
       setRecentKey(tabKey(tab))
-      if (tab.server === server.key) {
-        navigate(href)
-        return
-      }
-      void startTransition(() => {
-        server.setActive(tab.server)
-        navigate(href)
-      })
+      navigate(href)
     }
 
     const actions = {
@@ -195,11 +183,7 @@ export const { use: useTabs, provider: TabsProvider } = createSimpleContext({
       removeSessions: (input: SessionTabsRemovedDetail) => {
         const removed = store
           .filter(
-            (tab) =>
-              tab.type === "session" &&
-              tab.server === server.key &&
-              atob(tab.dirBase64) === input.directory &&
-              input.sessionIDs.includes(tab.sessionId),
+            (tab) => tab.type === "session" && tab.server === server.key && input.sessionIDs.includes(tab.sessionId),
           )
           .map(tabKey)
         void startTransition(() => {
@@ -211,7 +195,6 @@ export const { use: useTabs, provider: TabsProvider } = createSimpleContext({
                   ? tabHref({
                       type: "session",
                       server: server.key,
-                      dirBase64: params.dir,
                       sessionId: params.id,
                     })
                   : undefined
@@ -224,14 +207,12 @@ export const { use: useTabs, provider: TabsProvider } = createSimpleContext({
               const removedCurrent =
                 currentTab?.type === "session" &&
                 currentTab.server === server.key &&
-                atob(currentTab.dirBase64) === input.directory &&
                 sessionIDs.has(currentTab.sessionId)
 
               for (let i = tabs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                 const tab = tabs[i]
                 if (!tab || tab.type !== "session") continue
                 if (tab.server !== server.key) continue
-                if (atob(tab.dirBase64) !== input.directory) continue
                 if (!sessionIDs.has(tab.sessionId)) continue
                 tabs.splice(i, 1)
               }
diff --git a/packages/app/src/context/terminal.tsx b/packages/app/src/context/terminal.tsx
index d1aa61c4ce5..a9c66c48331 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/context/terminal.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/context/terminal.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import { batch, createEffect, createMemo, createRoot, on, onCleanup } from "soli
 import { useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { useSDK, type DirectorySDK } from "./sdk"
 import type { Platform } from "./platform"
-import { useServer } from "./server"
+import { useServerSDK } from "./server-sdk"
+import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { defaultTitle, titleNumber } from "./terminal-title"
 import { Persist, persisted, removePersisted } from "@/utils/persist"
 import { ScopedKey, ServerScope, type ServerScope as ServerScopeValue } from "@/utils/server-scope"
@@ -374,10 +375,11 @@ export const { use: useTerminal, provider: TerminalProvider } = createSimpleCont
   gate: false,
   init: () => {
     const sdk = useSDK()
-    const server = useServer()
+    const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
     const params = useParams()
     const cache = new Map<string, TerminalCacheEntry>()
-    const scope = server.scope()
+    const scope = () => serverSDK().scope
+    const directory = createMemo(() => base64Encode(sdk().directory))
 
     caches.add(cache)
     onCleanup(() => caches.delete(cache))
@@ -421,11 +423,11 @@ export const { use: useTerminal, provider: TerminalProvider } = createSimpleCont
       return entry.value
     }
 
-    const workspace = createMemo(() => loadWorkspace(params.dir!, params.id, scope))
+    const workspace = createMemo(() => loadWorkspace(directory(), params.id, scope()))
 
     createEffect(
       on(
-        () => ({ dir: params.dir, id: params.id, scope }),
+        () => ({ dir: directory(), id: params.id, scope: scope() }),
         (next, prev) => {
           if (!prev?.dir) return
           if (next.dir === prev.dir && next.id === prev.id && next.scope === prev.scope) return
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/directory-layout.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/directory-layout.tsx
index f937c98facf..d9d5a2edc62 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/directory-layout.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/directory-layout.tsx
@@ -2,26 +2,40 @@ import { DataProvider } from "@opencode-ai/ui/context"
 import { showToast } from "@/utils/toast"
 import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { useLocation, useNavigate, useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
-import { createEffect, createMemo, createResource, type ParentProps, Show } from "solid-js"
+import { type Accessor, createEffect, createMemo, createResource, type ParentProps, Show } from "solid-js"
 import { useLanguage } from "@/context/language"
 import { LocalProvider } from "@/context/local"
 import { SDKProvider } from "@/context/sdk"
 import { useSync } from "@/context/sync"
 import { decode64 } from "@/utils/base64"
 import { Schema } from "effect"
+import type { ServerConnection } from "@/context/server"
+import { sessionHref } from "@/utils/session-route"
 
-export function DirectoryDataProvider(props: ParentProps<{ directory: string; draftID?: string }>) {
+export function DirectoryDataProvider(
+  props: ParentProps<{
+    directory: string | Accessor<string>
+    draftID?: string
+    server?: Accessor<ServerConnection.Key | undefined>
+  }>,
+) {
   const location = useLocation()
   const navigate = useNavigate()
   const params = useParams()
   const sync = useSync()
-  const slug = createMemo(() => base64Encode(props.directory))
+  const directory = () => (typeof props.directory === "function" ? props.directory() : props.directory)
+  const slug = createMemo(() => base64Encode(directory()))
+  const href = (sessionID: string) => {
+    const server = props.server?.()
+    if (server) return sessionHref(server, sessionID)
+    return `/${slug()}/session/${sessionID}`
+  }
 
   createEffect(() => {
     // A draft lives at /new-session?draftId=… and has no directory segment to normalize.
-    if (props.draftID) return
+    if (props.draftID || props.server?.()) return
     const next = sync().data.path.directory
-    if (!next || next === props.directory) return
+    if (!next || next === directory()) return
     const path = location.pathname.slice(slug().length + 1)
     navigate(`/${base64Encode(next)}${path}${location.search}${location.hash}`, { replace: true })
   })
@@ -37,9 +51,9 @@ export function DirectoryDataProvider(props: ParentProps<{ directory: string; dr
   return (
     <DataProvider
       data={sync().data}
-      directory={props.directory}
-      onNavigateToSession={(sessionID: string) => navigate(`/${slug()}/session/${sessionID}`)}
-      onSessionHref={(sessionID: string) => `/${slug()}/session/${sessionID}`}
+      directory={directory()}
+      onNavigateToSession={(sessionID: string) => navigate(href(sessionID))}
+      onSessionHref={href}
     >
       <LocalProvider>{props.children}</LocalProvider>
     </DataProvider>
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/home.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/home.tsx
index e99ba37ba5a..cbb9c71ba47 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/home.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/home.tsx
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ import { sessionTitle } from "@/utils/session-title"
 import { pathKey } from "@/utils/path-key"
 import { useGlobal } from "@/context/global"
 import { useCommand } from "@/context/command"
-import { useSettings } from "@/context/settings"
 import { ServerRowMenu } from "@/components/server/server-row-menu"
 import { ServerHealthIndicator } from "@/components/server/server-row"
 import { type ServerHealth } from "@/utils/server-health"
@@ -113,16 +112,7 @@ function homeSessionSearchKey(record: HomeSessionRecord) {
   return `${pathKey(record.session.directory)}:${record.session.id}`
 }
 
-export default function Home() {
-  const settings = useSettings()
-  return (
-    <Show when={settings.general.newLayoutDesigns()} fallback={<LegacyHome />}>
-      <HomeDesign />
-    </Show>
-  )
-}
-
-function HomeDesign() {
+export function NewHome() {
   const sync = useServerSync()
   const layout = useLayout()
   const platform = usePlatform()
@@ -313,7 +303,7 @@ function HomeDesign() {
     const ctx = global.createServerCtx(conn)
     ctx.projects.open(directory)
     ctx.projects.touch(directory)
-    navigateOnServer(conn, `/${base64Encode(session.directory)}/session/${session.id}`)
+    navigateOnServer(conn, `/server/${base64Encode(ServerConnection.key(conn))}/session/${session.id}`)
   }
 
   function chooseProject(conn: ServerConnection.Any) {
@@ -416,7 +406,7 @@ function HomeDesign() {
                                 record={record}
                                 server={state.selection.server}
                                 activeServer={state.selection.server === server.key}
-                                openSession={openSession}
+                                onClick={() => openSession(record.session)}
                               />
                             )}
                           </For>
@@ -1046,7 +1036,7 @@ function HomeSessionRow(props: {
   record: HomeSessionRecord
   server: ServerConnection.Key
   activeServer: boolean
-  openSession: (session: Session) => void
+  onClick: () => void
 }) {
   const title = createMemo(() => sessionTitle(props.record.session.title) || props.record.session.id)
 
@@ -1055,7 +1045,7 @@ function HomeSessionRow(props: {
       type="button"
       data-component="home-session-row"
       class={`${HOME_ROW} h-10 gap-2 px-6 py-3 pl-4`}
-      onClick={() => props.openSession(props.record.session)}
+      onClick={props.onClick}
     >
       <HomeSessionLeading
         project={props.record.project}
@@ -1115,7 +1105,7 @@ function groupSessions(records: HomeSessionRecord[], language: ReturnType<typeof
   ].filter((group) => group.sessions.length > 0)
 }
 
-function LegacyHome() {
+export function LegacyHome() {
   const sync = useServerSync()
   const platform = usePlatform()
   const pickDirectory = useDirectoryPicker()
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/layout-new.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/layout-new.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f8793d8ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/layout-new.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { createEffect, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+import { useNavigate } from "@solidjs/router"
+import { DebugBar } from "@/components/debug-bar"
+import { HelpButton } from "@/components/help-button"
+import { Titlebar, type TitlebarUpdate } from "@/components/titlebar"
+import { usePlatform } from "@/context/platform"
+import { setNavigate } from "@/utils/notification-click"
+import { setV2Toast, ToastRegion } from "@/utils/toast"
+
+export default function NewLayout(props: ParentProps) {
+  const platform = usePlatform()
+  const navigate = useNavigate()
+  setNavigate(navigate)
+
+  createEffect(() => setV2Toast(true))
+
+  const update: TitlebarUpdate = {
+    version: () => {
+      const state = platform.updater?.state()
+      if (state?.status !== "ready") return
+      return state.version
+    },
+    installing: () => platform.updater?.state().status === "installing",
+    install: () => void platform.updater?.install(),
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div class="relative bg-v2-background-bg-deep flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 flex flex-col select-none [&_input]:select-text [&_textarea]:select-text [&_[contenteditable]]:select-text">
+      <Titlebar update={update} />
+      <main class="flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 overflow-x-hidden flex flex-col items-start contain-strict">
+        {props.children}
+      </main>
+      {import.meta.env.DEV && <DebugBar />}
+      <HelpButton />
+      <ToastRegion v2 />
+    </div>
+  )
+}
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/layout.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/layout.tsx
index 4177d4919c1..cb3a4bf6e35 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/layout.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/layout.tsx
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
   type Accessor,
 } from "solid-js"
 import { makeEventListener } from "@solid-primitives/event-listener"
-import { useLocation, useNavigate, useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
+import { useNavigate, useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { useLayout, LocalProject } from "@/context/layout"
 import { useServerSync } from "@/context/server-sync"
 import { Persist, persisted } from "@/utils/persist"
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ import {
 import { ProjectDragOverlay, SortableProject, type ProjectSidebarContext } from "./layout/sidebar-project"
 import { SidebarContent } from "./layout/sidebar-shell"
 
-export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
+export default function LegacyLayout(props: ParentProps) {
   const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
   const [store, setStore, , ready] = persisted(
     Persist.serverGlobal(serverSDK().scope, "layout.page", ["layout.page.v1"]),
@@ -131,10 +131,8 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
   const command = useCommand()
   const theme = useTheme()
   const language = useLanguage()
-  const newDesign = createMemo(() => settings.general.newLayoutDesigns())
-  createEffect(() => setV2Toast(newDesign()))
+  createEffect(() => setV2Toast(false))
   const initialDirectory = decode64(params.dir)
-  const location = useLocation()
   const route = createMemo(() => {
     const slug = params.dir
     if (!slug) return { slug, dir: "" }
@@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
   const currentDir = createMemo(() => route().dir)
 
   const [state, setState] = createStore({
-    autoselect: !initialDirectory && !newDesign(),
+    autoselect: !initialDirectory,
     busyWorkspaces: {} as Record<string, boolean>,
     hoverProject: undefined as string | undefined,
     scrollSessionKey: undefined as string | undefined,
@@ -996,7 +994,7 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
         id: "sidebar.toggle",
         title: language.t("command.sidebar.toggle"),
         category: language.t("command.category.view"),
-        keybind: newDesign() ? undefined : "mod+b",
+        keybind: "mod+b",
         onSelect: () => layout.sidebar.toggle(),
       },
       {
@@ -1134,20 +1132,19 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
       },
     ]
 
-    if (!newDesign())
-      Array.from({ length: 9 }, (_, i) => {
-        const index = i
-        const number = index + 1
-        commands.push({
-          id: `project.${number}`,
-          category: language.t("command.category.project"),
-          title: `Open Project {number}`,
-          keybind: `mod+${number}`,
-          disabled: layout.projects.list().length <= index,
-          hidden: true,
-          onSelect: () => navigateToProjectIndex(index),
-        })
+    Array.from({ length: 9 }, (_, i) => {
+      const index = i
+      const number = index + 1
+      commands.push({
+        id: `project.${number}`,
+        category: language.t("command.category.project"),
+        title: `Open Project {number}`,
+        keybind: `mod+${number}`,
+        disabled: layout.projects.list().length <= index,
+        hidden: true,
+        onSelect: () => navigateToProjectIndex(index),
       })
+    })
 
     for (const [id] of availableThemeEntries()) {
       commands.push({
@@ -1812,7 +1809,7 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
   createEffect(() => {
     document.documentElement.style.setProperty(
       "--dialog-left-margin",
-      newDesign() ? "0px" : `${layout.sidebar.opened() ? layout.sidebar.width() : 48}px`,
+      `${layout.sidebar.opened() ? layout.sidebar.width() : 48}px`,
     )
   })
 
@@ -2355,176 +2352,158 @@ export default function Layout(props: ParentProps) {
   )
 
   return (
-    <Show
-      when={!newDesign()}
-      fallback={
-        <div class="relative bg-v2-background-bg-deep flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 flex flex-col select-none [&_input]:select-text [&_textarea]:select-text [&_[contenteditable]]:select-text">
-          {autoselecting() ?? ""}
-          <Titlebar update={titlebarUpdate} />
-          <main class="flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 overflow-x-hidden flex flex-col items-start contain-strict">
-            <Show when={!autoselecting.loading} fallback={<div class="size-full" />}>
-              {props.children}
-            </Show>
-          </main>
-          {import.meta.env.DEV && import.meta.env.VITE_DISABLE_DEBUG_BAR !== "1" && <DebugBar />}
-          <HelpButton />
-          <ToastRegion v2={newDesign()} />
-        </div>
-      }
-    >
-      <div class="relative bg-background-base flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 flex flex-col select-none [&_input]:select-text [&_textarea]:select-text [&_[contenteditable]]:select-text">
-        {autoselecting() ?? ""}
-        <Titlebar update={titlebarUpdate} />
-        <Show when={updateVersion() !== undefined}>
-          <UpdateAvailableToast version={updateVersion() ?? ""} install={installUpdate} language={language} />
-        </Show>
-        <div class="flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 flex">
-          <div class="flex-1 min-h-0 relative">
-            <div class="size-full relative overflow-x-hidden">
-              <nav
-                aria-label={language.t("sidebar.nav.projectsAndSessions")}
-                data-component="sidebar-nav-desktop"
-                classList={{
-                  "hidden xl:block": true,
-                  "absolute inset-y-0 left-0": true,
-                  "z-10": true,
-                }}
-                style={{ width: `${side()}px` }}
-                ref={(el) => {
-                  setState("nav", el)
-                }}
-                onMouseEnter={() => {
-                  disarm()
-                }}
-                onMouseLeave={() => {
-                  aim.reset()
-                  if (!sidebarHovering()) return
+    <div class="relative bg-background-base flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 flex flex-col select-none [&_input]:select-text [&_textarea]:select-text [&_[contenteditable]]:select-text">
+      {autoselecting() ?? ""}
+      <Titlebar update={titlebarUpdate} />
+      <Show when={updateVersion() !== undefined}>
+        <UpdateAvailableToast version={updateVersion() ?? ""} install={installUpdate} language={language} />
+      </Show>
+      <div class="flex-1 min-h-0 min-w-0 flex">
+        <div class="flex-1 min-h-0 relative">
+          <div class="size-full relative overflow-x-hidden">
+            <nav
+              aria-label={language.t("sidebar.nav.projectsAndSessions")}
+              data-component="sidebar-nav-desktop"
+              classList={{
+                "hidden xl:block": true,
+                "absolute inset-y-0 left-0": true,
+                "z-10": true,
+              }}
+              style={{ width: `${side()}px` }}
+              ref={(el) => {
+                setState("nav", el)
+              }}
+              onMouseEnter={() => {
+                disarm()
+              }}
+              onMouseLeave={() => {
+                aim.reset()
+                if (!sidebarHovering()) return
 
-                  arm()
-                }}
-              >
-                <div class="@container w-full h-full contain-strict">{sidebarContent()}</div>
-              </nav>
-
-              <Show when={layout.sidebar.opened()}>
-                <div
-                  class="hidden xl:block absolute inset-y-0 z-30 w-0 overflow-visible"
-                  style={{ left: `${side()}px` }}
-                  onPointerDown={() => setState("sizing", true)}
-                >
-                  <ResizeHandle
-                    direction="horizontal"
-                    size={layout.sidebar.width()}
-                    min={244}
-                    max={typeof window === "undefined" ? 1000 : window.innerWidth * 0.3 + 64}
-                    onResize={(w) => {
-                      setState("sizing", true)
-                      if (sizet !== undefined) clearTimeout(sizet)
-                      sizet = window.setTimeout(() => setState("sizing", false), 120)
-                      layout.sidebar.resize(w)
-                    }}
-                  />
-                </div>
-              </Show>
+                arm()
+              }}
+            >
+              <div class="@container w-full h-full contain-strict">{sidebarContent()}</div>
+            </nav>
 
+            <Show when={layout.sidebar.opened()}>
               <div
-                class="hidden xl:block pointer-events-none absolute top-0 right-0 z-0 border-t border-border-weaker-base"
-                style={{ left: "calc(4rem + 12px)" }}
-              />
-
-              <div class="xl:hidden">
-                <div
-                  classList={{
-                    "fixed inset-x-0 top-10 bottom-0 z-40 transition-opacity duration-200": true,
-                    "opacity-100 pointer-events-auto": layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
-                    "opacity-0 pointer-events-none": !layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
-                  }}
-                  onClick={(e) => {
-                    if (e.target === e.currentTarget) layout.mobileSidebar.hide()
+                class="hidden xl:block absolute inset-y-0 z-30 w-0 overflow-visible"
+                style={{ left: `${side()}px` }}
+                onPointerDown={() => setState("sizing", true)}
+              >
+                <ResizeHandle
+                  direction="horizontal"
+                  size={layout.sidebar.width()}
+                  min={244}
+                  max={typeof window === "undefined" ? 1000 : window.innerWidth * 0.3 + 64}
+                  onResize={(w) => {
+                    setState("sizing", true)
+                    if (sizet !== undefined) clearTimeout(sizet)
+                    sizet = window.setTimeout(() => setState("sizing", false), 120)
+                    layout.sidebar.resize(w)
                   }}
                 />
-                <nav
-                  aria-label={language.t("sidebar.nav.projectsAndSessions")}
-                  data-component="sidebar-nav-mobile"
-                  classList={{
-                    "@container fixed top-10 bottom-0 left-0 z-50 w-full max-w-[400px] overflow-hidden border-r border-border-weaker-base bg-background-base transition-transform duration-200 ease-out": true,
-                    "translate-x-0": layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
-                    "-translate-x-full": !layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
-                  }}
-                  onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
-                >
-                  {sidebarContent(true)}
-                </nav>
               </div>
+            </Show>
 
+            <div
+              class="hidden xl:block pointer-events-none absolute top-0 right-0 z-0 border-t border-border-weaker-base"
+              style={{ left: "calc(4rem + 12px)" }}
+            />
+
+            <div class="xl:hidden">
               <div
                 classList={{
-                  "absolute inset-0": true,
-                  "xl:inset-y-0 xl:right-0 xl:left-[var(--main-left)]": true,
-                  "z-20": true,
-                  "transition-[left] duration-200 ease-[cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1)] will-change-[left] motion-reduce:transition-none":
-                    !state.sizing,
+                  "fixed inset-x-0 top-10 bottom-0 z-40 transition-opacity duration-200": true,
+                  "opacity-100 pointer-events-auto": layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
+                  "opacity-0 pointer-events-none": !layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
                 }}
-                style={{
-                  "--main-left": layout.sidebar.opened() ? `${side()}px` : "4rem",
+                onClick={(e) => {
+                  if (e.target === e.currentTarget) layout.mobileSidebar.hide()
                 }}
-              >
-                <main
-                  classList={{
-                    "size-full overflow-x-hidden flex flex-col items-start contain-strict border-t border-border-weak-base bg-background-base xl:border-l xl:rounded-tl-[12px]": true,
-                  }}
-                >
-                  <Show when={!autoselecting.loading} fallback={<div class="size-full" />}>
-                    {props.children}
-                  </Show>
-                </main>
-              </div>
-
-              <div
+              />
+              <nav
+                aria-label={language.t("sidebar.nav.projectsAndSessions")}
+                data-component="sidebar-nav-mobile"
                 classList={{
-                  "hidden xl:flex absolute inset-y-0 left-16 z-30": true,
-                  "opacity-100 translate-x-0 pointer-events-auto": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
-                  "opacity-0 -translate-x-2 pointer-events-none": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
-                  "transition-[opacity,transform] motion-reduce:transition-none": true,
-                  "duration-180 ease-out": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
-                  "duration-120 ease-in": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
+                  "@container fixed top-10 bottom-0 left-0 z-50 w-full max-w-[400px] overflow-hidden border-r border-border-weaker-base bg-background-base transition-transform duration-200 ease-out": true,
+                  "translate-x-0": layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
+                  "-translate-x-full": !layout.mobileSidebar.opened(),
                 }}
-                onMouseMove={disarm}
-                onMouseEnter={() => {
-                  disarm()
-                  aim.reset()
-                }}
-                onPointerDown={disarm}
-                onMouseLeave={() => {
-                  arm()
+                onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+              >
+                {sidebarContent(true)}
+              </nav>
+            </div>
+
+            <div
+              classList={{
+                "absolute inset-0": true,
+                "xl:inset-y-0 xl:right-0 xl:left-[var(--main-left)]": true,
+                "z-20": true,
+                "transition-[left] duration-200 ease-[cubic-bezier(0.22,1,0.36,1)] will-change-[left] motion-reduce:transition-none":
+                  !state.sizing,
+              }}
+              style={{
+                "--main-left": layout.sidebar.opened() ? `${side()}px` : "4rem",
+              }}
+            >
+              <main
+                classList={{
+                  "size-full overflow-x-hidden flex flex-col items-start contain-strict border-t border-border-weak-base bg-background-base xl:border-l xl:rounded-tl-[12px]": true,
                 }}
               >
-                <Show when={peekProject()}>
-                  <SidebarPanel project={peekProject} merged={false} />
+                <Show when={!autoselecting.loading} fallback={<div class="size-full" />}>
+                  {props.children}
                 </Show>
-              </div>
+              </main>
+            </div>
 
-              <div
-                classList={{
-                  "hidden xl:block pointer-events-none absolute inset-y-0 right-0 z-25 overflow-hidden": true,
-                  "opacity-100 translate-x-0": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
-                  "opacity-0 -translate-x-2": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
-                  "transition-[opacity,transform] motion-reduce:transition-none": true,
-                  "duration-180 ease-out": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
-                  "duration-120 ease-in": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
-                }}
-                style={{ left: `calc(4rem + ${panel()}px)` }}
-              >
-                <div class="h-full w-px" style={{ "box-shadow": "var(--shadow-sidebar-overlay)" }} />
-              </div>
+            <div
+              classList={{
+                "hidden xl:flex absolute inset-y-0 left-16 z-30": true,
+                "opacity-100 translate-x-0 pointer-events-auto": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
+                "opacity-0 -translate-x-2 pointer-events-none": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
+                "transition-[opacity,transform] motion-reduce:transition-none": true,
+                "duration-180 ease-out": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
+                "duration-120 ease-in": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
+              }}
+              onMouseMove={disarm}
+              onMouseEnter={() => {
+                disarm()
+                aim.reset()
+              }}
+              onPointerDown={disarm}
+              onMouseLeave={() => {
+                arm()
+              }}
+            >
+              <Show when={peekProject()}>
+                <SidebarPanel project={peekProject} merged={false} />
+              </Show>
+            </div>
+
+            <div
+              classList={{
+                "hidden xl:block pointer-events-none absolute inset-y-0 right-0 z-25 overflow-hidden": true,
+                "opacity-100 translate-x-0": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
+                "opacity-0 -translate-x-2": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
+                "transition-[opacity,transform] motion-reduce:transition-none": true,
+                "duration-180 ease-out": state.peeked && !layout.sidebar.opened(),
+                "duration-120 ease-in": !state.peeked || layout.sidebar.opened(),
+              }}
+              style={{ left: `calc(4rem + ${panel()}px)` }}
+            >
+              <div class="h-full w-px" style={{ "box-shadow": "var(--shadow-sidebar-overlay)" }} />
             </div>
           </div>
-          {import.meta.env.DEV && import.meta.env.VITE_DISABLE_DEBUG_BAR !== "1" && <DebugBar />}
         </div>
-        <HelpButton />
-        <ToastRegion v2={newDesign()} />
+        {import.meta.env.DEV && import.meta.env.VITE_DISABLE_DEBUG_BAR !== "1" && <DebugBar />}
       </div>
-    </Show>
+      <HelpButton />
+      <ToastRegion v2={false} />
+    </div>
   )
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/session.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/session.tsx
index 72625a615fc..011094415b3 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session.tsx
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import { createAutoScroll } from "@opencode-ai/ui/hooks"
 import { previewSelectedLines } from "@opencode-ai/ui/pierre/selection-bridge"
 import { Button } from "@opencode-ai/ui/button"
 import { showToast } from "@/utils/toast"
-import { checksum } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
+import { base64Encode, checksum } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 import { useLocation, useSearchParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { NewSessionView, SessionHeader } from "@/components/session"
 import { useComments } from "@/context/comments"
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ import { MessageTimeline } from "@/pages/session/timeline/message-timeline"
 import { createTimelineModel } from "@/pages/session/timeline/model"
 import { type DiffStyle, SessionReviewTab, type SessionReviewTabProps } from "@/pages/session/review-tab"
 import { useSessionLayout } from "@/pages/session/session-layout"
-import { useServer } from "@/context/server"
 import { syncSessionModel } from "@/pages/session/session-model-helpers"
 import { SessionSidePanel } from "@/pages/session/session-side-panel"
 import { TerminalPanel } from "@/pages/session/terminal-panel"
@@ -92,7 +91,6 @@ export default function Page() {
   const prompt = usePrompt()
   const comments = useComments()
   const terminal = useTerminal()
-  const server = useServer()
   const [searchParams, setSearchParams] = useSearchParams<{ prompt?: string }>()
   const location = useLocation()
   const { params, sessionKey, workspaceKey, tabs, view } = useSessionLayout()
@@ -137,11 +135,11 @@ export default function Page() {
           layout.handoff.clearTabs()
           return
         }
-        if (pending.scope !== server.scope()) return
+        if (pending.scope !== serverSDK().scope) return
 
         if (pending.id !== id) return
         layout.handoff.clearTabs()
-        if (pending.dir !== (params.dir ?? "")) return
+        if (pending.dir !== base64Encode(sdk().directory)) return
 
         const from = workspaceTabs().tabs()
         if (from.all.length === 0 && !from.active) return
@@ -247,7 +245,7 @@ export default function Page() {
 
   createEffect(
     on(
-      () => ({ dir: params.dir, id: params.id }),
+      () => ({ dir: sdk().directory, id: params.id }),
       (next, prev) => {
         if (!prev) return
         if (next.dir === prev.dir && next.id === prev.id) return
@@ -575,7 +573,7 @@ export default function Page() {
 
   createEffect(
     on(
-      () => params.dir,
+      () => sdk().directory,
       (dir) => {
         if (!dir) return
         setStore("newSessionWorktree", "main")
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/session/composer/session-composer-region.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/session/composer/session-composer-region.tsx
index eab0a1ee155..3fbde9ef3ea 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session/composer/session-composer-region.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session/composer/session-composer-region.tsx
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import { useServer } from "@/context/server"
 import { useTabs } from "@/context/tabs"
 import { useDirectoryPicker } from "@/components/directory-picker"
 import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
+import { legacySessionHref, requireServerKey, sessionHref } from "@/utils/session-route"
 
 export function SessionComposerRegion(props: {
   state: SessionComposerState
@@ -200,7 +201,11 @@ export function SessionComposerRegion(props: {
   const openParent = () => {
     const id = parentID()
     if (!id) return
-    navigate(`/${route.params.dir}/session/${id}`)
+    navigate(
+      route.params.serverKey
+        ? sessionHref(requireServerKey(route.params.serverKey), id)
+        : legacySessionHref(sdk().directory, id),
+    )
   }
 
   createEffect(() => {
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/session/session-layout.ts b/packages/app/src/pages/session/session-layout.ts
index 82be2bf5cdb..1adf6c1a967 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session/session-layout.ts
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session/session-layout.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 import { useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { createMemo } from "solid-js"
 import { useLayout } from "@/context/layout"
-import { useServer } from "@/context/server"
 import { SessionRouteKey, SessionStateKey } from "@/utils/server-scope"
+import { useSDK } from "@/context/sdk"
+import { useServerSDK } from "@/context/server-sdk"
+import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
 
 export const useSessionKey = () => {
   const params = useParams()
-  const server = useServer()
-  const scope = createMemo(() => server.scope())
-  const workspaceKey = createMemo(() => SessionStateKey.from(scope(), SessionRouteKey.fromRoute(params.dir)))
-  const sessionKey = createMemo(() => SessionStateKey.from(scope(), SessionRouteKey.fromRoute(params.dir, params.id)))
+  const sdk = useSDK()
+  const serverSDK = useServerSDK()
+  const scope = createMemo(() => serverSDK().scope)
+  const directory = createMemo(() => base64Encode(sdk().directory))
+  const workspaceKey = createMemo(() => SessionStateKey.from(scope(), SessionRouteKey.fromRoute(directory())))
+  const sessionKey = createMemo(() => SessionStateKey.from(scope(), SessionRouteKey.fromRoute(directory(), params.id)))
   return { params, sessionKey, workspaceKey }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/session/terminal-panel.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/session/terminal-panel.tsx
index 6943a9a3ec9..533d6b3d827 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session/terminal-panel.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session/terminal-panel.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { useLanguage } from "@/context/language"
 import { useLayout } from "@/context/layout"
 import { useSettings } from "@/context/settings"
 import { useTerminal } from "@/context/terminal"
+import { useSDK } from "@/context/sdk"
 import { terminalTabLabel } from "@/pages/session/terminal-label"
 import { createSizing, focusTerminalById } from "@/pages/session/helpers"
 import { getTerminalHandoff, setTerminalHandoff } from "@/pages/session/handoff"
@@ -25,10 +26,11 @@ export function TerminalPanel() {
   const delays = [120, 240]
   const layout = useLayout()
   const terminal = useTerminal()
+  const sdk = useSDK()
   const language = useLanguage()
   const command = useCommand()
   const settings = useSettings()
-  const { params, workspaceKey, view } = useSessionLayout()
+  const { workspaceKey, view } = useSessionLayout()
 
   const opened = createMemo(() => view().terminal.opened())
   const size = createSizing()
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ export function TerminalPanel() {
   })
 
   createEffect(() => {
-    const dir = params.dir
+    const dir = sdk().directory
     if (!dir) return
     if (!terminal.ready()) return
     language.locale()
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ export function TerminalPanel() {
   })
 
   const handoff = createMemo(() => {
-    const dir = params.dir
+    const dir = sdk().directory
     if (!dir) return []
     return getTerminalHandoff(workspaceKey()) ?? []
   })
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/session/timeline/message-timeline.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/session/timeline/message-timeline.tsx
index 5a26f178163..0d705970416 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session/timeline/message-timeline.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session/timeline/message-timeline.tsx
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ import { useSessionKey } from "@/pages/session/session-layout"
 import { useServerSDK } from "@/context/server-sdk"
 import { usePlatform } from "@/context/platform"
 import { useSettings } from "@/context/settings"
+import { useTabs } from "@/context/tabs"
+import { legacySessionHref, requireServerKey, sessionHref } from "@/utils/session-route"
 import { useSDK } from "@/context/sdk"
 import { useSync } from "@/context/sync"
 import { notifySessionTabsRemoved } from "@/components/titlebar-session-events"
@@ -260,6 +262,7 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
   const sdk = useSDK()
   const sync = useSync()
   const settings = useSettings()
+  const tabs = useTabs()
   const dialog = useDialog()
   const language = useLanguage()
   const { params, sessionKey } = useSessionKey()
@@ -757,12 +760,18 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
 
   const navigateAfterSessionRemoval = (sessionID: string, parentID?: string, nextSessionID?: string) => {
     if (params.id !== sessionID) return
+    const href = (id: string) =>
+      params.serverKey ? sessionHref(requireServerKey(params.serverKey), id) : legacySessionHref(sdk().directory, id)
     if (parentID) {
-      navigate(`/${params.dir}/session/${parentID}`)
+      navigate(href(parentID))
       return
     }
     if (nextSessionID) {
-      navigate(`/${params.dir}/session/${nextSessionID}`)
+      navigate(href(nextSessionID))
+      return
+    }
+    if (params.serverKey) {
+      tabs.newDraft({ server: requireServerKey(params.serverKey), directory: sdk().directory })
       return
     }
     navigate(`/${params.dir}/session`)
@@ -864,7 +873,9 @@ export function MessageTimeline(props: {
   const navigateParent = () => {
     const id = parentID()
     if (!id) return
-    navigate(`/${params.dir}/session/${id}`)
+    navigate(
+      params.serverKey ? sessionHref(requireServerKey(params.serverKey), id) : legacySessionHref(sdk().directory, id),
+    )
   }
 
   function DialogDeleteSession(props: { sessionID: string }) {
diff --git a/packages/app/src/pages/session/use-session-commands.tsx b/packages/app/src/pages/session/use-session-commands.tsx
index e3f0c517df1..f64c5c26aeb 100644
--- a/packages/app/src/pages/session/use-session-commands.tsx
+++ b/packages/app/src/pages/session/use-session-commands.tsx
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ import { createSessionTabs } from "@/pages/session/helpers"
 import { extractPromptFromParts } from "@/utils/prompt"
 import { UserMessage } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 import { useSessionLayout } from "@/pages/session/session-layout"
+import { useTabs } from "@/context/tabs"
+import { requireServerKey } from "@/utils/session-route"
 
 export type SessionCommandContext = {
   navigateMessageByOffset: (offset: number) => void
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ export const useSessionCommands = (actions: SessionCommandContext) => {
   const settings = useSettings()
   const sync = useSync()
   const terminal = useTerminal()
+  const sessionTabs = useTabs()
   const layout = useLayout()
   const navigate = useNavigate()
   const { params, tabs, view } = useSessionLayout()
@@ -381,7 +384,13 @@ export const useSessionCommands = (actions: SessionCommandContext) => {
       title: language.t("command.session.new"),
       keybind: "mod+shift+s",
       slash: "new",
-      onSelect: () => navigate(`/${params.dir}/session`),
+      onSelect: () => {
+        if (params.serverKey) {
+          sessionTabs.newDraft({ server: requireServerKey(params.serverKey), directory: sdk().directory })
+          return
+        }
+        navigate(`/${params.dir}/session`)
+      },
     }),
     sessionCommand({
       id: "session.undo",
diff --git a/packages/app/src/utils/session-route.test.ts b/packages/app/src/utils/session-route.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42ead3b5fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/utils/session-route.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { ServerConnection } from "@/context/server"
+import { legacySessionHref, requireServerKey, rootSession, sessionHref } from "./session-route"
+
+describe("session routes", () => {
+  test("builds and decodes a server-keyed session route", () => {
+    const server = ServerConnection.Key.make("https://example.com:4096")
+    const href = sessionHref(server, "session-1")
+
+    expect(href).toBe("/server/aHR0cHM6Ly9leGFtcGxlLmNvbTo0MDk2/session/session-1")
+    expect(requireServerKey(href.split("/")[2])).toBe(server)
+  })
+
+  test("rejects malformed server keys", () => {
+    expect(() => requireServerKey("not-base64")).toThrow("Invalid server route")
+  })
+
+  test("builds the legacy directory-keyed route", () => {
+    expect(legacySessionHref("/Users/example/project", "session-1")).toBe(
+      "/L1VzZXJzL2V4YW1wbGUvcHJvamVjdA/session/session-1",
+    )
+  })
+
+  test("resolves the root session", async () => {
+    const sessions: Record<string, { id: string; parentID?: string }> = {
+      child: { id: "child", parentID: "parent" },
+      parent: { id: "parent", parentID: "root" },
+      root: { id: "root" },
+    }
+
+    expect(
+      await rootSession(sessions.child, async (id) => {
+        const session = sessions[id]
+        if (!session) throw new Error(`Missing session: ${id}`)
+        return session
+      }),
+    ).toBe(sessions.root)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/packages/app/src/utils/session-route.ts b/packages/app/src/utils/session-route.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1bf921954e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/app/src/utils/session-route.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { base64Encode } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/encode"
+import { ServerConnection } from "@/context/server"
+import { decode64 } from "@/utils/base64"
+
+export function sessionHref(server: ServerConnection.Key, sessionID: string) {
+  return `/server/${base64Encode(server)}/session/${sessionID}`
+}
+
+export function legacySessionHref(directory: string, sessionID: string) {
+  return `/${base64Encode(directory)}/session/${sessionID}`
+}
+
+export function requireServerKey(segment: string | undefined) {
+  const key = decode64(segment)
+  if (!key || base64Encode(key) !== segment) throw new Error("Invalid server route")
+  return ServerConnection.Key.make(key)
+}
+
+type SessionParent = { id: string; parentID?: string }
+
+export async function rootSession(session: SessionParent, get: (sessionID: string) => Promise<SessionParent>) {
+  let current = session
+  while (current.parentID) current = await get(current.parentID)
+  return current
+}
diff --git a/packages/cli/package.json b/packages/cli/package.json
index 4d2aba06697..96283c8269c 100644
--- a/packages/cli/package.json
+++ b/packages/cli/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/cli",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "bin": {
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/commands/handlers/serve.ts b/packages/cli/src/commands/handlers/serve.ts
index 8a365a89641..d4ecfed9745 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/commands/handlers/serve.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/commands/handlers/serve.ts
@@ -27,9 +27,11 @@ export default Runtime.handler(
 
 function listen(hostname: string, port: Option.Option<number>, password: string) {
   if (Option.isSome(port)) return bind(hostname, port.value, password)
-  // Preserve the familiar default when available, but let the OS choose a free
-  // port when another local server already owns 4096.
-  return bind(hostname, 4096, password).pipe(Effect.catch(() => bind(hostname, 0, password)))
+  const next = (port: number): ReturnType<typeof bind> =>
+    bind(hostname, port, password).pipe(
+      Effect.catch((error) => (port === 65_535 ? Effect.fail(error) : next(port + 1))),
+    )
+  return next(4096)
 }
 
 function bind(hostname: string, port: number, password: string) {
diff --git a/packages/console/app/package.json b/packages/console/app/package.json
index e7840b4782c..e706bd6b062 100644
--- a/packages/console/app/package.json
+++ b/packages/console/app/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-app",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/handler.ts b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/handler.ts
index 18aeedd7887..46a0f17fcd7 100644
--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/handler.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/handler.ts
@@ -157,9 +157,6 @@ export async function handler(
       logger.metric({
         provider: providerInfo.id,
         "provider.model": providerInfo.model,
-        ...(providerBudgetUsage?.[providerInfo.id]
-          ? { "provider.budget_usage": providerBudgetUsage?.[providerInfo.id] }
-          : {}),
       })
 
       const startTimestamp = Date.now()
@@ -199,6 +196,13 @@ export async function handler(
           Object.entries(providerInfo.headerMappings ?? {}).forEach(([k, v]) => {
             headers.set(k, headers.get(v)!)
           })
+          Object.entries(providerInfo.headerModifier ?? {}).forEach(([k, v]) => {
+            if (v === "$ip") return headers.set(k, ip)
+            if (v === "$session") return headers.set(k, sessionId)
+            if (v === "$model") return headers.set(k, model)
+            if (v === "$request") return headers.set(k, requestId)
+            headers.set(k, v)
+          })
           headers.delete("host")
           headers.delete("content-length")
           headers.delete("x-opencode-request")
diff --git a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/providerBudgetTracker.ts b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/providerBudgetTracker.ts
index 83cfd70469a..c8b5eb211c0 100644
--- a/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/providerBudgetTracker.ts
+++ b/packages/console/app/src/routes/zen/util/providerBudgetTracker.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { centsToMicroCents } from "@opencode-ai/console-core/util/price.js"
 import { buildRateLimitKey, getRedis } from "./redis"
+import { logger } from "./logger"
 
 export function createProviderBudgetTracker(
   providers: {
@@ -22,13 +23,15 @@ export function createProviderBudgetTracker(
   const keys = Object.fromEntries(
     tracked.map((provider) => [provider.id, buildRateLimitKey("provider-budget", provider.id, interval)]),
   )
+  let budgetUsage: Record<string, number> = {}
 
   return {
     check: async () => {
-      const ids = tracked.filter((provider) => provider.budgetMode === "fill").map((provider) => provider.id)
+      const ids = tracked.map((provider) => provider.id)
       if (ids.length === 0) return {}
       const values = await redis.mget<(string | number | null)[]>(ids.map((id) => keys[id]))
-      return Object.fromEntries(ids.map((id, index) => [id, Number(values[index] ?? 0)]))
+      budgetUsage = Object.fromEntries(ids.map((id, index) => [id, Number(values[index] ?? 0)]))
+      return budgetUsage
     },
     track: async (provider: string, costInCent: number) => {
       const config = tracked.find((item) => item.id === provider)
@@ -40,6 +43,10 @@ export function createProviderBudgetTracker(
       pipeline.incrby(keys[provider], cost)
       pipeline.expire(keys[provider], 120)
       await pipeline.exec()
+      logger.metric({
+        "provider.budget_usage": budgetUsage[provider] + cost,
+        "model.budget_usage": cost,
+      })
     },
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/console/core/package.json b/packages/console/core/package.json
index b5e95fa946c..fa401b65c22 100644
--- a/packages/console/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/console/core/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-core",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/console/core/src/model.ts b/packages/console/core/src/model.ts
index 4355c18818a..bd18d44503a 100644
--- a/packages/console/core/src/model.ts
+++ b/packages/console/core/src/model.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export namespace ZenData {
     apiKey: z.union([z.string(), z.record(z.string(), z.string())]),
     format: FormatSchema.optional(),
     headerMappings: z.record(z.string(), z.string()).optional(),
+    headerModifier: z.record(z.string(), z.any()).optional(),
     payloadModifier: z.record(z.string(), z.any()).optional(),
     payloadMappings: z.record(z.string(), z.string()).optional(),
     adjustCacheUsage: z.boolean().optional(),
diff --git a/packages/console/function/package.json b/packages/console/function/package.json
index c215d9da491..7db84f475f0 100644
--- a/packages/console/function/package.json
+++ b/packages/console/function/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-function",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/packages/console/mail/package.json b/packages/console/mail/package.json
index 6adb5489ddc..deb27b5e2c4 100644
--- a/packages/console/mail/package.json
+++ b/packages/console/mail/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-mail",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "dependencies": {
     "@jsx-email/all": "2.2.3",
     "@jsx-email/cli": "1.4.3",
diff --git a/packages/console/support/package.json b/packages/console/support/package.json
index 2b6d53eac86..e7ca9810a3c 100644
--- a/packages/console/support/package.json
+++ b/packages/console/support/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/console-support",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/packages/core/bunfig.toml b/packages/core/bunfig.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..786a3774447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/bunfig.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[test]
+preload = ["./test/preload.ts"]
diff --git a/packages/core/package.json b/packages/core/package.json
index 26449b5165b..2aec5ecc7e5 100644
--- a/packages/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/core/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/core",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
     "@opencode-ai/effect-drizzle-sqlite": "workspace:*",
     "@opencode-ai/effect-sqlite-node": "workspace:*",
     "@opencode-ai/llm": "workspace:*",
+    "@opencode-ai/plugin": "workspace:*",
     "@opentelemetry/api": "1.9.0",
     "@opentelemetry/context-async-hooks": "2.6.1",
     "@opentelemetry/exporter-trace-otlp-http": "0.214.0",
diff --git a/packages/core/schema.json b/packages/core/schema.json
index c041a4e0118..d0eeeebd5c4 100644
--- a/packages/core/schema.json
+++ b/packages/core/schema.json
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 {
   "version": "7",
   "dialect": "sqlite",
-  "id": "169a0f0f-d58f-479f-b024-fa1c7b9a09db",
-  "prevIds": ["abd2f920-b822-49af-b8a7-2e48367d424f"],
+  "id": "f14a9b18-8207-487e-a3d3-227e629ba9ad",
+  "prevIds": ["169a0f0f-d58f-479f-b024-fa1c7b9a09db"],
   "ddl": [
     {
       "name": "workspace",
@@ -900,16 +900,6 @@
       "entityType": "columns",
       "table": "session_context_epoch"
     },
-    {
-      "type": "text",
-      "notNull": true,
-      "autoincrement": false,
-      "default": "'build'",
-      "generated": null,
-      "name": "agent",
-      "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_context_epoch"
-    },
     {
       "type": "text",
       "notNull": true,
@@ -930,26 +920,6 @@
       "entityType": "columns",
       "table": "session_context_epoch"
     },
-    {
-      "type": "integer",
-      "notNull": false,
-      "autoincrement": false,
-      "default": null,
-      "generated": null,
-      "name": "replacement_seq",
-      "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_context_epoch"
-    },
-    {
-      "type": "integer",
-      "notNull": true,
-      "autoincrement": false,
-      "default": "0",
-      "generated": null,
-      "name": "revision",
-      "entityType": "columns",
-      "table": "session_context_epoch"
-    },
     {
       "type": "text",
       "notNull": false,
diff --git a/packages/core/script/migration.ts b/packages/core/script/migration.ts
index 48b555b5937..4f383f5f8f6 100644
--- a/packages/core/script/migration.ts
+++ b/packages/core/script/migration.ts
@@ -45,15 +45,17 @@ async function generate() {
       if (await Bun.file(target).exists()) throw new Error(`Database migration already exists: ${name}`)
       await Bun.write(
         target,
-        renderMigration(name, await Bun.file(path.join(incremental, name, "migration.sql")).text()),
+        await formatTypescript(
+          renderMigration(name, await Bun.file(path.join(incremental, name, "migration.sql")).text()),
+        ),
       )
       await fs.copyFile(path.join(incremental, name, "snapshot.json"), snapshot)
     }
 
     await fs.mkdir(full)
     await drizzle(temporary, full, "schema")
-    await Bun.write(schema, renderSchema(await generatedSql(full)))
-    await Bun.write(registry, renderRegistry(await typescriptMigrations()))
+    await Bun.write(schema, await formatTypescript(renderSchema(await generatedSql(full))))
+    await Bun.write(registry, await formatTypescript(renderRegistry(await typescriptMigrations())))
   } finally {
     await fs.rm(temporary, { recursive: true, force: true })
   }
@@ -76,12 +78,12 @@ async function check() {
 
     await fs.mkdir(full)
     await drizzle(temporary, full, "schema")
-    if ((await Bun.file(schema).text()) !== renderSchema(await generatedSql(full))) {
+    if ((await Bun.file(schema).text()) !== (await formatTypescript(renderSchema(await generatedSql(full))))) {
       throw new Error("Current database schema is stale. Run `bun script/migration.ts` from packages/core.")
     }
 
     const migrations = await typescriptMigrations()
-    if ((await Bun.file(registry).text()) !== renderRegistry(migrations)) {
+    if ((await Bun.file(registry).text()) !== (await formatTypescript(renderRegistry(migrations)))) {
       throw new Error("Database migration registry is stale. Run `bun script/migration.ts` from packages/core.")
     }
   } finally {
@@ -170,6 +172,18 @@ function escapeTemplate(line: string) {
   return line.replaceAll("\\", "\\\\").replaceAll("`", "\\`").replaceAll("${", "\\${")
 }
 
+async function formatTypescript(input: string) {
+  const prettier = await import("prettier")
+  const typescript = await import("prettier/plugins/typescript")
+  const estree = await import("prettier/plugins/estree")
+  return prettier.format(input, {
+    parser: "typescript",
+    plugins: [typescript.default, estree.default],
+    semi: false,
+    printWidth: 120,
+  })
+}
+
 function renderRegistry(names: string[]) {
   return `import type { DatabaseMigration } from "./migration"
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/account.ts b/packages/core/src/account.ts
index 4de8176e4bc..d364d6f3448 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/account.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/account.ts
@@ -35,19 +35,19 @@ export class Org extends Schema.Class<Org>("Org")({
 
 export class AccountRepoError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AccountRepoError>()("AccountRepoError", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export class AccountServiceError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AccountServiceError>()("AccountServiceError", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export class AccountTransportError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AccountTransportError>()("AccountTransportError", {
   method: Schema.String,
   url: Schema.String,
   description: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {
   static fromHttpClientError(error: HttpClientError.TransportError): AccountTransportError {
     return new AccountTransportError({
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ export class PollExpired extends Schema.TaggedClass<PollExpired>()("PollExpired"
 export class PollDenied extends Schema.TaggedClass<PollDenied>()("PollDenied", {}) {}
 
 export class PollError extends Schema.TaggedClass<PollError>()("PollError", {
-  cause: Schema.Defect,
+  cause: Schema.Defect(),
 }) {}
 
 export const PollResult = Schema.Union([PollSuccess, PollPending, PollSlow, PollExpired, PollDenied, PollError])
diff --git a/packages/core/src/agent.ts b/packages/core/src/agent.ts
index fabf7477d68..f27b5c3ef8b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/agent.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 export * as AgentV2 from "./agent"
 
-import { Array, Context, Effect, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
-import { castDraft, enableMapSet, type Draft } from "immer"
+import { Array, Context, Effect, Layer, Schema, Scope, Types } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "./model"
 import { PermissionSchema } from "./permission/schema"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "./provider"
@@ -49,21 +48,19 @@ export interface Selection {
 }
 
 type Data = {
-  agents: Map<ID, Info>
+  agents: Map<ID, Types.DeepMutable<Info>>
   default?: ID
 }
 
-export type Editor = {
+export type Draft = {
   list: () => readonly Info[]
   get: (id: ID) => Info | undefined
   default: (id: ID | undefined) => void
-  update: (id: ID, fn: (agent: Draft<Info>) => void) => void
+  update: (id: ID, fn: (agent: Types.DeepMutable<Info>) => void) => void
   remove: (id: ID) => void
 }
 
-export interface Interface {
-  readonly transform: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["transform"]
-  readonly update: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["update"]
+export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
   readonly get: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
   readonly default: () => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
   readonly resolve: (id?: ID | string) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
@@ -73,21 +70,19 @@ export interface Interface {
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/Agent") {}
 
-enableMapSet()
-
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const state = State.create<Data, Editor>({
+    const state = State.create<Data, Draft>({
       initial: () => ({ agents: new Map() }),
-      editor: (draft) => ({
+      draft: (draft) => ({
         list: () => Array.fromIterable(draft.agents.values()) as Info[],
         get: (id) => draft.agents.get(id),
         default: (id) => {
           draft.default = id
         },
         update: (id, fn) => {
-          const current = draft.agents.get(id) ?? castDraft(Info.empty(id))
+          const current = draft.agents.get(id) ?? (Info.empty(id) as Types.DeepMutable<Info>)
           if (!draft.agents.has(id)) draft.agents.set(id, current)
           fn(current)
           current.id = id
@@ -113,7 +108,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 
     return Service.of({
       transform: state.transform,
-      update: state.update,
+      reload: state.reload,
       get: Effect.fn("AgentV2.get")(function* (id) {
         return state.get().agents.get(id)
       }),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/aisdk.ts b/packages/core/src/aisdk.ts
index 9965ff930dd..9ea79394f34 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/aisdk.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/aisdk.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
 export * as AISDK from "./aisdk"
 
 import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
-import { Cause, Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Context, Effect, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "./model"
-import { EventV2 } from "./event"
-import { PluginV2 } from "./plugin"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "./provider"
+import { State } from "./state"
 
 type SDK = any
 
+export interface SDKEvent {
+  readonly model: ModelV2.Info
+  readonly package: string
+  readonly options: Record<string, any>
+  sdk?: SDK
+}
+
+export interface LanguageEvent {
+  readonly model: ModelV2.Info
+  readonly sdk: SDK
+  readonly options: Record<string, any>
+  language?: LanguageModelV3
+}
+
 function wrapSSE(res: Response, ms: number, ctl: AbortController) {
   if (typeof ms !== "number" || ms <= 0) return res
   if (!res.body) return res
@@ -109,7 +122,7 @@ function prepareOptions(model: ModelV2.Info, pkg: string) {
 
 export class InitError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<InitError>()("AISDK.InitError", {
   providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-  cause: Schema.Defect,
+  cause: Schema.Defect(),
 }) {}
 
 function initError(providerID: ProviderV2.ID) {
@@ -117,19 +130,70 @@ function initError(providerID: ProviderV2.ID) {
 }
 
 export interface Interface {
+  readonly hook: {
+    readonly sdk: (
+      callback: (event: SDKEvent) => Effect.Effect<void> | void,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<State.Registration, never, Scope.Scope>
+    readonly language: (
+      callback: (event: LanguageEvent) => Effect.Effect<void> | void,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<State.Registration, never, Scope.Scope>
+  }
+  readonly runSDK: (event: SDKEvent) => Effect.Effect<SDKEvent>
+  readonly runLanguage: (event: LanguageEvent) => Effect.Effect<LanguageEvent>
   readonly language: (model: ModelV2.Info) => Effect.Effect<LanguageModelV3, InitError>
 }
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/AISDK") {}
 
-export const layer = Layer.effect(
+export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+    let sdkHooks: ((event: SDKEvent) => Effect.Effect<void> | void)[] = []
+    let languageHooks: ((event: LanguageEvent) => Effect.Effect<void> | void)[] = []
     const languages = new Map<string, LanguageModelV3>()
     const sdks = new Map<string, SDK>()
 
-    return Service.of({
+    const register = <Event>(
+      hooks: () => ((event: Event) => Effect.Effect<void> | void)[],
+      update: (hooks: ((event: Event) => Effect.Effect<void> | void)[]) => void,
+    ) =>
+      Effect.fn("AISDK.hook")(function* (callback: (event: Event) => Effect.Effect<void> | void) {
+        const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
+        let active = true
+        update([...hooks(), callback])
+        const dispose = Effect.sync(() => {
+          if (!active) return
+          active = false
+          update(hooks().filter((item) => item !== callback))
+        })
+        yield* Scope.addFinalizer(scope, dispose)
+        return { dispose }
+      })
+
+    const run = Effect.fnUntraced(function* <Event>(
+      hooks: readonly ((event: Event) => Effect.Effect<void> | void)[],
+      event: Event,
+    ) {
+      for (const hook of hooks) {
+        const result = hook(event)
+        if (Effect.isEffect(result)) yield* result
+      }
+      return event
+    })
+
+    const service = Service.of({
+      hook: {
+        sdk: register(
+          () => sdkHooks,
+          (next) => (sdkHooks = next),
+        ),
+        language: register(
+          () => languageHooks,
+          (next) => (languageHooks = next),
+        ),
+      },
+      runSDK: (event) => run(sdkHooks, event),
+      runLanguage: (event) => run(languageHooks, event),
       language: Effect.fn("AISDK.language")(function* (model) {
         const key = `${model.providerID}/${model.id}/${model.request.variant ?? "default"}`
         const existing = languages.get(key)
@@ -148,26 +212,14 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         })
         const sdk =
           sdks.get(sdkKey) ??
-          (yield* plugin
-            .trigger("aisdk.sdk", { model, package: model.api.package, options }, {})
-            .pipe(initError(model.providerID))).sdk
+          (yield* service.runSDK({ model, package: model.api.package, options }).pipe(initError(model.providerID))).sdk
         if (!sdk)
           return yield* new InitError({
             providerID: model.providerID,
             cause: new Error("No AISDK provider plugin returned an SDK"),
           })
         sdks.set(sdkKey, sdk)
-        const result = yield* plugin
-          .trigger(
-            "aisdk.language",
-            {
-              model,
-              sdk,
-              options,
-            },
-            {},
-          )
-          .pipe(initError(model.providerID))
+        const result = yield* service.runLanguage({ model, sdk, options }).pipe(initError(model.providerID))
         const language = yield* Effect.sync(() => result.language ?? sdk.languageModel(model.api.id)).pipe(
           initError(model.providerID),
         )
@@ -175,7 +227,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         return language
       }),
     })
+    return service
   }),
 )
 
-export const defaultLayer = layer.pipe(Layer.provide(PluginV2.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer))))
+export const defaultLayer = locationLayer
diff --git a/packages/core/src/catalog.ts b/packages/core/src/catalog.ts
index 4156db5c361..ade2d646075 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/catalog.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/catalog.ts
@@ -1,36 +1,21 @@
 export * as Catalog from "./catalog"
 
-import { Array, Context, Effect, Layer, Option, Order, pipe, Schema, Scope, Stream } from "effect"
-import { castDraft, enableMapSet, type Draft } from "immer"
+import { Array, Context, Effect, Layer, Option, Order, pipe, Schema } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "./model"
 import { ModelRequest } from "./model-request"
-import { PluginV2 } from "./plugin"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "./provider"
-import { Location } from "./location"
 import { EventV2 } from "./event"
 import { Policy } from "./policy"
 import { State } from "./state"
 import { Integration } from "./integration"
 
 export type ProviderRecord = {
-  provider: ProviderV2.Info
-  models: Map<ModelV2.ID, ModelV2.Info>
+  provider: ProviderV2.MutableInfo
+  models: Map<ModelV2.ID, ModelV2.MutableInfo>
 }
 
 export type DefaultModel = { providerID: ProviderV2.ID; modelID: ModelV2.ID }
 
-export class ProviderNotFoundError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ProviderNotFoundError>()(
-  "CatalogV2.ProviderNotFound",
-  {
-    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-  },
-) {}
-
-export class ModelNotFoundError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelNotFoundError>()("CatalogV2.ModelNotFound", {
-  providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-  modelID: ModelV2.ID,
-}) {}
-
 export const PolicyActions = Schema.Literals(["provider.use"])
 
 export const Event = {
@@ -42,16 +27,16 @@ type Data = {
   defaultModel?: DefaultModel
 }
 
-export type Editor = {
+export type Draft = {
   provider: {
     list: () => readonly ProviderRecord[]
     get: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID) => ProviderRecord | undefined
-    update: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID, fn: (provider: Draft<ProviderV2.Info>) => void) => void
+    update: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID, fn: (provider: ProviderV2.MutableInfo) => void) => void
     remove: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID) => void
   }
   model: {
     get: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID, modelID: ModelV2.ID) => ModelV2.Info | undefined
-    update: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID, modelID: ModelV2.ID, fn: (model: Draft<ModelV2.Info>) => void) => void
+    update: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID, modelID: ModelV2.ID, fn: (model: ModelV2.MutableInfo) => void) => void
     remove: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID, modelID: ModelV2.ID) => void
     default: {
       get: () => DefaultModel | undefined
@@ -60,43 +45,34 @@ export type Editor = {
   }
 }
 
-export interface Interface {
-  readonly transform: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["transform"]
+export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
   readonly provider: {
-    readonly get: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID) => Effect.Effect<ProviderV2.Info, ProviderNotFoundError>
+    readonly get: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID) => Effect.Effect<ProviderV2.Info | undefined>
     readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<ProviderV2.Info[]>
     readonly available: () => Effect.Effect<ProviderV2.Info[]>
   }
   readonly model: {
-    readonly get: (
-      providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-      modelID: ModelV2.ID,
-    ) => Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info, ProviderNotFoundError | ModelNotFoundError>
+    readonly get: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID, modelID: ModelV2.ID) => Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info | undefined>
     readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info[]>
     readonly available: () => Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info[]>
-    readonly default: () => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<ModelV2.Info>>
-    readonly small: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<ModelV2.Info>>
+    readonly default: () => Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info | undefined>
+    readonly small: (providerID: ProviderV2.ID) => Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info | undefined>
   }
 }
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/Catalog") {}
 
-enableMapSet()
-
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const location = yield* Location.Service
-    const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
     const events = yield* EventV2.Service
     const policy = yield* Policy.Service
     const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
 
-    const available = (provider: ProviderV2.Info, integration: Integration.Info | undefined, connected: boolean) => {
+    const available = (provider: ProviderV2.Info, integration: Integration.Info | undefined) => {
       if (provider.disabled) return false
       if (typeof provider.request.body.apiKey === "string") return true
-      if (connected) return true
+      if (integration?.connections.length) return true
       return !integration
     }
 
@@ -120,32 +96,26 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       })
     }
 
-    function* getRecord(providerID: ProviderV2.ID) {
-      const match = state.get().providers.get(providerID)
-      if (!match) return yield* new ProviderNotFoundError({ providerID })
-      return match
-    }
-
-    const normalizeApi = (item: Draft<ProviderV2.Info> | Draft<ModelV2.Info>) => {
+    const normalizeApi = (item: ProviderV2.MutableInfo | ModelV2.MutableInfo) => {
       if (typeof item.request.body.baseURL !== "string") return
       item.api.url = item.request.body.baseURL
       delete item.request.body.baseURL
     }
 
-    const state = State.create<Data, Editor>({
+    const state = State.create<Data, Draft>({
       initial: () => ({ providers: new Map() }),
-      editor: (draft) => {
-        const result: Editor = {
+      draft: (draft) => {
+        const result: Draft = {
           provider: {
             list: () => Array.fromIterable(draft.providers.values()) as ProviderRecord[],
             get: (providerID) => draft.providers.get(providerID),
             update: (providerID, fn) => {
               let current = draft.providers.get(providerID)
               if (!current) {
-                current = castDraft({
-                  provider: ProviderV2.Info.empty(providerID),
-                  models: new Map<ModelV2.ID, ModelV2.Info>(),
-                })
+                current = {
+                  provider: ProviderV2.Info.empty(providerID) as ProviderV2.MutableInfo,
+                  models: new Map<ModelV2.ID, ModelV2.MutableInfo>(),
+                }
                 draft.providers.set(providerID, current)
               }
               fn(current.provider)
@@ -160,13 +130,14 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             update: (providerID, modelID, fn) => {
               let record = draft.providers.get(providerID)
               if (!record) {
-                record = castDraft({
-                  provider: ProviderV2.Info.empty(providerID),
-                  models: new Map<ModelV2.ID, ModelV2.Info>(),
-                })
+                record = {
+                  provider: ProviderV2.Info.empty(providerID) as ProviderV2.MutableInfo,
+                  models: new Map<ModelV2.ID, ModelV2.MutableInfo>(),
+                }
                 draft.providers.set(providerID, record)
               }
-              const model = record.models.get(modelID) ?? castDraft(ModelV2.Info.empty(providerID, modelID))
+              const model =
+                record.models.get(modelID) ?? (ModelV2.Info.empty(providerID, modelID) as ModelV2.MutableInfo)
               if (!record.models.has(modelID)) record.models.set(modelID, model)
               fn(model)
               model.id = modelID
@@ -186,8 +157,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         }
         return result
       },
-      finalize: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.finalize")(function* (catalog, reason) {
-        if (reason !== "plugin.added") yield* plugin.trigger("catalog.transform", catalog, {}).pipe(Effect.asVoid)
+      finalize: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.finalize")(function* (catalog) {
         if (policy.hasStatements()) {
           for (const record of [...catalog.provider.list()]) {
             if ((yield* policy.evaluate("provider.use", record.provider.id, "allow")) === "deny") {
@@ -198,25 +168,13 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         yield* events.publish(Event.Updated, {})
       }),
     })
-    yield* events.subscribe(PluginV2.Event.Added).pipe(
-      // Plugin registries are location scoped even though the event bus is process scoped.
-      Stream.filter(
-        (event) =>
-          event.location?.directory === location.directory && event.location.workspaceID === location.workspaceID,
-      ),
-      Stream.runForEach((event) =>
-        state.mutate((catalog) => plugin.triggerFor(event.data.id, "catalog.transform", catalog, {}), "plugin.added"),
-      ),
-      Effect.forkIn(scope, { startImmediately: true }),
-    )
-
     const result: Interface = {
       transform: state.transform,
+      reload: state.reload,
 
       provider: {
         get: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.provider.get")(function* (providerID) {
-          const record = yield* getRecord(providerID)
-          return record.provider
+          return state.get().providers.get(providerID)?.provider
         }),
 
         all: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.provider.all")(function* () {
@@ -225,23 +183,18 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 
         available: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.provider.available")(function* () {
           const active = new Map((yield* integrations.list()).map((integration) => [integration.id, integration]))
-          const connections = yield* integrations.connection.list()
           return (yield* result.provider.all()).filter((provider) =>
-            available(
-              provider,
-              active.get(Integration.ID.make(provider.id)),
-              connections.has(Integration.ID.make(provider.id)),
-            ),
+            available(provider, active.get(Integration.ID.make(provider.id))),
           )
         }),
       },
 
       model: {
         get: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.model.get")(function* (providerID, modelID) {
-          const record = yield* getRecord(providerID)
+          const record = state.get().providers.get(providerID)
+          if (!record) return
           const model = record.models.get(modelID)
-          if (!model) return yield* new ModelNotFoundError({ providerID, modelID })
-          return projectModel(model, record.provider)
+          return model && projectModel(model, record.provider)
         }),
 
         all: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.model.all")(function* () {
@@ -250,7 +203,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             Array.flatMap((record) => {
               return Array.fromIterable(record.models.values()).map((model) => projectModel(model, record.provider))
             }),
-            Array.sortWith((item) => item.time.released.epochMilliseconds, Order.flip(Order.Number)),
+            Array.sortWith((item) => item.time.released, Order.flip(Order.Number)),
           )
         }),
 
@@ -262,31 +215,30 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         default: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.model.default")(function* () {
           const defaultModel = state.get().defaultModel
           if (defaultModel) {
-            const provider = yield* result.provider.get(defaultModel.providerID).pipe(Effect.option)
-            if (
-              Option.isSome(provider) &&
-              (yield* result.provider.available()).some((item) => item.id === provider.value.id)
-            ) {
-              const model = yield* result.model.get(defaultModel.providerID, defaultModel.modelID).pipe(Effect.option)
-              if (Option.isSome(model) && model.value.enabled) return model
+            const provider = yield* result.provider.get(defaultModel.providerID)
+            if (provider && (yield* result.provider.available()).some((item) => item.id === provider.id)) {
+              const model = yield* result.model.get(defaultModel.providerID, defaultModel.modelID)
+              if (model?.enabled) return model
             }
           }
 
-          return pipe(
-            yield* result.model.available(),
-            Array.sortWith((item) => item.time.released.epochMilliseconds, Order.flip(Order.Number)),
-            Array.head,
+          return Option.getOrUndefined(
+            pipe(
+              yield* result.model.available(),
+              Array.sortWith((item) => item.time.released, Order.flip(Order.Number)),
+              Array.head,
+            ),
           )
         }),
 
         small: Effect.fn("CatalogV2.model.small")(function* (providerID) {
           const record = state.get().providers.get(providerID)
-          if (!record) return Option.none<ModelV2.Info>()
+          if (!record) return
           const provider = record.provider
 
           if (providerID === ProviderV2.ID.opencode) {
             const gpt5Nano = record.models.get(ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-nano"))
-            if (gpt5Nano?.enabled && gpt5Nano.status === "active") return Option.some(projectModel(gpt5Nano, provider))
+            if (gpt5Nano?.enabled && gpt5Nano.status === "active") return projectModel(gpt5Nano, provider)
           }
 
           const candidates = pipe(
@@ -302,7 +254,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             Array.map((model) => ({
               model,
               cost: model.cost[0] ? model.cost[0].input + model.cost[0].output : 999,
-              age: (Date.now() - model.time.released.epochMilliseconds) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30),
+              age: (Date.now() - model.time.released) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 30),
               small: SMALL_MODEL_RE.test(`${model.id} ${model.family ?? ""} ${model.name}`.toLowerCase()),
             })),
             Array.filter((item) => item.cost > 0 && item.age <= 18),
@@ -319,10 +271,12 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             )
           }
 
-          return pipe(
-            candidates,
-            Array.filter((item) => item.small),
-            (items) => (items.length > 0 ? pick(items) : pick(candidates)),
+          return Option.getOrUndefined(
+            pipe(
+              candidates,
+              Array.filter((item) => item.small),
+              (items) => (items.length > 0 ? pick(items) : pick(candidates)),
+            ),
           )
         }),
       },
@@ -336,6 +290,5 @@ const SMALL_MODEL_RE = /\b(nano|flash|lite|mini|haiku|small|fast)\b/
 
 export const locationLayer = layer.pipe(
   Layer.provideMerge(Integration.locationLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(PluginV2.locationLayer),
   Layer.provideMerge(Policy.locationLayer),
 )
diff --git a/packages/core/src/command.ts b/packages/core/src/command.ts
index f6b8210be12..947ad311e79 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/command.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/command.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 export * as CommandV2 from "./command"
 
-import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
-import { castDraft, type Draft } from "immer"
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema, Types } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "./model"
 import { State } from "./state"
 
@@ -15,19 +14,17 @@ export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("CommandV2.Info")({
 }) {}
 
 export type Data = {
-  commands: Map<string, Info>
+  commands: Map<string, Types.DeepMutable<Info>>
 }
 
-export type Editor = {
+export type Draft = {
   list: () => readonly Info[]
   get: (name: string) => Info | undefined
-  update: (name: string, update: (command: Draft<Info>) => void) => void
+  update: (name: string, update: (command: Types.DeepMutable<Info>) => void) => void
   remove: (name: string) => void
 }
 
-export interface Interface {
-  readonly transform: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["transform"]
-  readonly update: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["update"]
+export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
   readonly get: (name: string) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
   readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
 }
@@ -37,13 +34,13 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.sync(() => {
-    const state = State.create<Data, Editor>({
+    const state = State.create<Data, Draft>({
       initial: () => ({ commands: new Map() }),
-      editor: (draft) => ({
+      draft: (draft) => ({
         list: () => Array.from(draft.commands.values()) as Info[],
         get: (name) => draft.commands.get(name),
         update: (name, update) => {
-          const current = draft.commands.get(name) ?? castDraft(new Info({ name, template: "" }))
+          const current = draft.commands.get(name) ?? (new Info({ name, template: "" }) as Types.DeepMutable<Info>)
           if (!draft.commands.has(name)) draft.commands.set(name, current)
           update(current)
           current.name = name
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
     })
 
     return Service.of({
-      update: state.update,
+      reload: state.reload,
       transform: state.transform,
       get: Effect.fn("CommandV2.get")(function* (name) {
         return state.get().commands.get(name)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/agent.ts b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/agent.ts
index 36534b0d382..48efe758047 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/agent.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export * as ConfigAgentPlugin from "./agent"
 
+import { define } from "../../plugin/internal"
 import path from "path"
 import { Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import { AgentV2 } from "../../agent"
@@ -8,7 +9,6 @@ import { ConfigAgent } from "../agent"
 import { ConfigMarkdown } from "../markdown"
 import { FSUtil } from "../../fs-util"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
 import { ConfigAgentV1 } from "../../v1/config/agent"
 import { ConfigMigrateV1 } from "../../v1/config/migrate"
 
@@ -33,70 +33,70 @@ const agentKeys = new Set([
   "permissions",
 ])
 
-export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("config-agent"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "config-agent",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const config = yield* Config.Service
     const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
-    const documents = yield* Effect.forEach(yield* config.entries(), (entry) => {
-      if (entry.type === "document") return Effect.succeed([entry])
-      return Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const files = yield* discover(fs, entry.path)
-        return yield* Effect.forEach(files, (file) =>
-          fs.readFileStringSafe(file.filepath).pipe(
-            Effect.map((content) => content && decode(file, content)),
-            Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed(undefined)),
-          ),
-        ).pipe(
-          Effect.map((documents) =>
-            documents.filter((document): document is Config.Document => document !== undefined),
-          ),
-        )
-      })
-    }).pipe(Effect.map((documents) => documents.flat()))
-
-    yield* agent.update((editor) => {
-      const global = documents.flatMap((document) => document.info.permissions ?? [])
-      const configuredDefault = Config.latest(documents, "default_agent")
-      if (configuredDefault !== undefined) editor.default(AgentV2.ID.make(configuredDefault))
-      for (const current of editor.list()) {
-        editor.update(current.id, (agent) => agent.permissions.push(...global))
-      }
-
-      for (const document of documents) {
-        for (const [id, item] of Object.entries(document.info.agents ?? {})) {
-          const agentID = AgentV2.ID.make(id)
-          if (item.disabled) {
-            editor.remove(agentID)
-            continue
-          }
-
-          const exists = editor.get(agentID) !== undefined
-          editor.update(agentID, (agent) => {
-            if (!exists) agent.permissions.push(...global)
-            if (item.model !== undefined) {
-              const model = ModelV2.parse(item.model)
-              agent.model = { id: model.modelID, providerID: model.providerID, variant: agent.model?.variant }
-            }
-            if (item.variant !== undefined && agent.model !== undefined) {
-              agent.model.variant = ModelV2.VariantID.make(item.variant)
-            }
-            if (item.request !== undefined) {
-              Object.assign(agent.request.headers, item.request.headers ?? {})
-              Object.assign(agent.request.body, item.request.body ?? {})
-            }
-            if (item.system !== undefined) agent.system = item.system
-            if (item.description !== undefined) agent.description = item.description
-            if (item.mode !== undefined) agent.mode = item.mode
-            if (item.hidden !== undefined) agent.hidden = item.hidden
-            if (item.color !== undefined) agent.color = item.color
-            if (item.steps !== undefined) agent.steps = item.steps
-            if (item.permissions !== undefined) agent.permissions.push(...item.permissions)
+    yield* ctx.agent.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (draft) {
+        const documents = yield* Effect.forEach(yield* config.entries(), (entry) => {
+          if (entry.type === "document") return Effect.succeed([entry])
+          return Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const files = yield* discover(fs, entry.path)
+            return yield* Effect.forEach(files, (file) =>
+              fs.readFileStringSafe(file.filepath).pipe(
+                Effect.map((content) => content && decode(file, content)),
+                Effect.catch(() => Effect.succeed(undefined)),
+              ),
+            ).pipe(
+              Effect.map((documents) =>
+                documents.filter((document): document is Config.Document => document !== undefined),
+              ),
+            )
           })
+        }).pipe(Effect.map((documents) => documents.flat()))
+        const global = documents.flatMap((document) => document.info.permissions ?? [])
+        const configuredDefault = Config.latest(documents, "default_agent")
+        if (configuredDefault !== undefined) draft.default(AgentV2.ID.make(configuredDefault))
+        for (const current of draft.list()) {
+          draft.update(current.id, (agent) => agent.permissions.push(...global))
         }
-      }
-    })
+
+        for (const document of documents) {
+          for (const [id, item] of Object.entries(document.info.agents ?? {})) {
+            const agentID = AgentV2.ID.make(id)
+            if (item.disabled) {
+              draft.remove(agentID)
+              continue
+            }
+
+            const exists = draft.get(agentID) !== undefined
+            draft.update(agentID, (agent) => {
+              if (!exists) agent.permissions.push(...global)
+              if (item.model !== undefined) {
+                const model = ModelV2.parse(item.model)
+                agent.model = { id: model.modelID, providerID: model.providerID, variant: agent.model?.variant }
+              }
+              if (item.variant !== undefined && agent.model !== undefined) {
+                agent.model.variant = ModelV2.VariantID.make(item.variant)
+              }
+              if (item.request !== undefined) {
+                Object.assign(agent.request.headers, item.request.headers ?? {})
+                Object.assign(agent.request.body, item.request.body ?? {})
+              }
+              if (item.system !== undefined) agent.system = item.system
+              if (item.description !== undefined) agent.description = item.description
+              if (item.mode !== undefined) agent.mode = item.mode
+              if (item.hidden !== undefined) agent.hidden = item.hidden
+              if (item.color !== undefined) agent.color = item.color
+              if (item.steps !== undefined) agent.steps = item.steps
+              if (item.permissions !== undefined) agent.permissions.push(...item.permissions)
+            })
+          }
+        }
+      }),
+    )
   }),
 })
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/command.ts b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/command.ts
index 7e71f306e89..f9b31f8e45a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/command.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/command.ts
@@ -1,52 +1,51 @@
 export * as ConfigCommandPlugin from "./command"
 
+import { define } from "../../plugin/internal"
 import path from "path"
 import { Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
 import { CommandV2 } from "../../command"
 import { Config } from "../../config"
 import { FSUtil } from "../../fs-util"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
 import { ConfigCommand } from "../command"
 import { ConfigMarkdown } from "../markdown"
 
 const decodeCommand = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(ConfigCommand.Info)
 
-export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("config-command"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const command = yield* CommandV2.Service
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "config-command",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const config = yield* Config.Service
     const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
-    const transform = yield* command.transform()
-    const documents = yield* Effect.forEach(yield* config.entries(), (entry) => {
-      if (entry.type === "document") return Effect.succeed([{ commands: entry.info.commands }])
-      return loadDirectory(fs, entry.path).pipe(
-        Effect.map((commands) => [
-          { commands: Object.fromEntries(commands.map((command) => [command.name, command.info])) },
-        ]),
-      )
-    }).pipe(Effect.map((documents) => documents.flat()))
-
-    yield* transform((editor) => {
-      for (const document of documents) {
-        for (const [name, command] of Object.entries(document.commands ?? {})) {
-          editor.update(name, (item) => {
-            item.template = command.template
-            if (command.description !== undefined) item.description = command.description
-            if (command.agent !== undefined) item.agent = command.agent
-            if (command.model !== undefined) {
-              const model = ModelV2.parse(command.model)
-              item.model = { id: model.modelID, providerID: model.providerID, variant: item.model?.variant }
-            }
-            if (command.variant !== undefined && item.model !== undefined) {
-              item.model.variant = ModelV2.VariantID.make(command.variant)
-            }
-            if (command.subtask !== undefined) item.subtask = command.subtask
-          })
+    yield* ctx.command.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (draft) {
+        const documents = yield* Effect.forEach(yield* config.entries(), (entry) => {
+          if (entry.type === "document") return Effect.succeed([{ commands: entry.info.commands }])
+          return loadDirectory(fs, entry.path).pipe(
+            Effect.map((commands) => [
+              { commands: Object.fromEntries(commands.map((command) => [command.name, command.info])) },
+            ]),
+          )
+        }).pipe(Effect.map((documents) => documents.flat()))
+        for (const document of documents) {
+          for (const [name, command] of Object.entries(document.commands ?? {})) {
+            draft.update(name, (item) => {
+              item.template = command.template
+              if (command.description !== undefined) item.description = command.description
+              if (command.agent !== undefined) item.agent = command.agent
+              if (command.model !== undefined) {
+                const model = ModelV2.parse(command.model)
+                item.model = { id: model.modelID, providerID: model.providerID, variant: item.model?.variant }
+              }
+              if (command.variant !== undefined && item.model !== undefined) {
+                item.model.variant = ModelV2.VariantID.make(command.variant)
+              }
+              if (command.subtask !== undefined) item.subtask = command.subtask
+            })
+          }
         }
-      }
-    })
+      }),
+    )
   }),
 })
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/external.ts b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/external.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d8ace63b3dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/external.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+export * as ConfigExternalPlugin from "./external"
+
+import type { Plugin as EffectPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import type { Plugin as PromisePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/promise"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import path from "path"
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from "url"
+import { Config } from "../../config"
+import { FSUtil } from "../../fs-util"
+import { Location } from "../../location"
+import { Npm } from "../../npm"
+import { define } from "../../plugin/internal"
+import { PluginPromise } from "../../plugin/promise"
+
+const PluginModule = Schema.Struct({
+  default: Schema.Union([
+    Schema.Struct({
+      id: Schema.String,
+      effect: Schema.declare<EffectPlugin["effect"]>(
+        (input): input is EffectPlugin["effect"] => typeof input === "function",
+      ),
+    }),
+    Schema.Struct({
+      id: Schema.String,
+      setup: Schema.declare<PromisePlugin["setup"]>(
+        (input): input is PromisePlugin["setup"] => typeof input === "function",
+      ),
+    }),
+  ]),
+})
+
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "config-plugin",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    const config = yield* Config.Service
+    const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+    const location = yield* Location.Service
+    const npm = yield* Npm.Service
+    yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const configured: { package: string; options?: Record<string, any> }[] = []
+
+      for (const entry of yield* config.entries()) {
+        if (entry.type === "document") {
+          const directory = entry.path ? path.dirname(entry.path) : location.directory
+          for (const item of entry.info.plugins ?? []) {
+            const ref = typeof item === "string" ? { package: item } : item
+            const packageName = (() => {
+              if (ref.package.startsWith("file://")) return fileURLToPath(ref.package)
+              if (ref.package.startsWith("./") || ref.package.startsWith("../")) {
+                return path.resolve(directory, ref.package)
+              }
+              return ref.package
+            })()
+            configured.push({ package: packageName, options: ref.options })
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (entry.type === "directory") {
+          const files = yield* fs
+            .glob("{plugin,plugins}/*.{ts,js}", {
+              cwd: entry.path,
+              absolute: true,
+              include: "file",
+              dot: true,
+              symlink: true,
+            })
+            .pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => []))
+          files.sort()
+          for (const file of files) configured.push({ package: file })
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (const ref of configured) {
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const entrypoint = path.isAbsolute(ref.package)
+            ? pathToFileURL(ref.package).href
+            : (yield* npm.add(ref.package)).entrypoint
+          if (!entrypoint) return
+
+          const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import(entrypoint))
+          const value = (yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(PluginModule)(mod)).default
+          const plugin = "effect" in value ? value : PluginPromise.fromPromise(value)
+          yield* ctx.plugin.add({
+            id: plugin.id,
+            effect: (host) => plugin.effect({ ...host, options: ref.options ?? {} }),
+          })
+        }).pipe(Effect.ignoreCause)
+      }
+    }).pipe(Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+  }),
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/provider.ts b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/provider.ts
index 47a3712e3ad..6fb13f1c63c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/provider.ts
@@ -1,123 +1,124 @@
 export * as ConfigProviderPlugin from "./provider"
 
+import { define } from "../../plugin/internal"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { Catalog } from "../../catalog"
 import { Config } from "../../config"
-import { Integration } from "../../integration"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
 import { ModelRequest } from "../../model-request"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
-export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("config-provider"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "config-provider",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const config = yield* Config.Service
-    const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-    const integrationTransform = yield* integrations.transform()
-    const entries = yield* config.entries()
-    const files = entries.filter((entry): entry is Config.Document => entry.type === "document")
-    const configuredIntegrations = new Set(
-      files.flatMap((file) =>
-        Object.entries(file.info.providers ?? {}).flatMap(([id, provider]) => (provider.env === undefined ? [] : [id])),
-      ),
-    )
-    yield* integrationTransform((integrations) => {
-      for (const file of files) {
-        for (const [id, item] of Object.entries(file.info.providers ?? {})) {
-          const integrationID = Integration.ID.make(id)
-          if (!configuredIntegrations.has(id) && !integrations.get(integrationID)) continue
-          integrations.update(integrationID, (integration) => {
-            integration.name = item.name ?? integration.name
-          })
-          if (item.env !== undefined) {
-            integrations.method.update({
-              integrationID,
-              method: { type: "env", names: [...item.env] },
+    yield* ctx.integration.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (integrations) {
+        const files = (yield* config.entries()).filter((entry): entry is Config.Document => entry.type === "document")
+        const configuredIntegrations = new Set(
+          files.flatMap((file) =>
+            Object.entries(file.info.providers ?? {}).flatMap(([id, provider]) =>
+              provider.env === undefined ? [] : [id],
+            ),
+          ),
+        )
+        for (const file of files) {
+          for (const [id, item] of Object.entries(file.info.providers ?? {})) {
+            const integrationID = id
+            if (!configuredIntegrations.has(id) && !integrations.get(integrationID)) continue
+            integrations.update(integrationID, (integration) => {
+              integration.name = item.name ?? integration.name
             })
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    })
-
-    yield* transform((catalog) => {
-      const configuredDefault = Config.latest(entries, "model")
-      if (configuredDefault !== undefined) {
-        const model = ModelV2.parse(configuredDefault)
-        catalog.model.default.set(model.providerID, model.modelID)
-      }
-      for (const file of files) {
-        for (const [id, item] of Object.entries(file.info.providers ?? {})) {
-          const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make(id)
-          catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
-            if (item.name !== undefined) provider.name = item.name
-            if (item.api !== undefined) provider.api = { ...item.api }
-            if (item.request !== undefined) {
-              Object.assign(provider.request.headers, item.request.headers)
-              Object.assign(provider.request.body, item.request.body)
+            if (item.env !== undefined) {
+              integrations.method.update({
+                integrationID,
+                method: { type: "env", names: [...item.env] },
+              })
             }
-          })
-          const providerApi = catalog.provider.get(providerID)?.provider.api
-          const providerPackage = providerApi?.type === "aisdk" ? providerApi.package : undefined
-
-          for (const [id, config] of Object.entries(item.models ?? {})) {
-            catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make(id), (model) => {
-              if (config.family !== undefined) model.family = config.family
-              if (config.name !== undefined) model.name = config.name
-              if (config.api !== undefined) model.api = { ...model.api, ...config.api }
-              const packageName = model.api.type === "aisdk" ? model.api.package : providerPackage
-              if (config.capabilities !== undefined) {
-                model.capabilities = {
-                  tools: config.capabilities.tools,
-                  input: [...config.capabilities.input],
-                  output: [...config.capabilities.output],
-                }
-              }
-              if (config.request !== undefined) {
-                ModelRequest.assign(model.request, {
-                  headers: config.request.headers,
-                  ...ModelRequest.normalizeAiSdkOptions(packageName, config.request.body ?? {}),
-                })
-                if (config.request.variant !== undefined) model.request.variant = config.request.variant
-              }
-              if (config.variants !== undefined) {
-                for (const variant of config.variants) {
-                  let existing = model.variants.find((item) => item.id === variant.id)
-                  if (!existing) {
-                    existing = {
-                      id: variant.id,
-                      headers: {},
-                      body: {},
-                      generation: {},
-                      options: {},
-                    }
-                    model.variants.push(existing)
-                  }
-                  ModelRequest.assign(existing, {
-                    headers: variant.headers,
-                    ...ModelRequest.normalizeAiSdkOptions(packageName, variant.body ?? {}),
-                  })
-                }
-              }
-              if (config.cost !== undefined) {
-                model.cost = (Array.isArray(config.cost) ? config.cost : [config.cost]).map((cost) => ({
-                  tier: cost.tier && { ...cost.tier },
-                  input: cost.input,
-                  output: cost.output,
-                  cache: {
-                    read: cost.cache?.read ?? 0,
-                    write: cost.cache?.write ?? 0,
-                  },
-                }))
-              }
-              if (config.disabled !== undefined) model.enabled = !config.disabled
-              if (config.limit !== undefined) model.limit = { ...model.limit, ...config.limit }
-            })
           }
         }
-      }
-    })
+      }),
+    )
+
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (catalog) {
+        const entries = yield* config.entries()
+        const files = entries.filter((entry): entry is Config.Document => entry.type === "document")
+        const configuredDefault = Config.latest(entries, "model")
+        if (configuredDefault !== undefined) {
+          const model = ModelV2.parse(configuredDefault)
+          catalog.model.default.set(model.providerID, model.modelID)
+        }
+        for (const file of files) {
+          for (const [id, item] of Object.entries(file.info.providers ?? {})) {
+            const providerID = id
+            catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
+              if (item.name !== undefined) provider.name = item.name
+              if (item.api !== undefined) provider.api = { ...item.api }
+              if (item.request !== undefined) {
+                Object.assign(provider.request.headers, item.request.headers)
+                Object.assign(provider.request.body, item.request.body)
+              }
+            })
+            const providerApi = catalog.provider.get(providerID)?.provider.api
+            const providerPackage = providerApi?.type === "aisdk" ? providerApi.package : undefined
+
+            for (const [id, config] of Object.entries(item.models ?? {})) {
+              catalog.model.update(providerID, id, (model) => {
+                if (config.family !== undefined) model.family = config.family
+                if (config.name !== undefined) model.name = config.name
+                if (config.api !== undefined) model.api = { ...model.api, ...config.api }
+                const packageName = model.api.type === "aisdk" ? model.api.package : providerPackage
+                if (config.capabilities !== undefined) {
+                  model.capabilities = {
+                    tools: config.capabilities.tools,
+                    input: [...config.capabilities.input],
+                    output: [...config.capabilities.output],
+                  }
+                }
+                if (config.request !== undefined) {
+                  ModelRequest.assign(model.request, {
+                    headers: config.request.headers,
+                    ...ModelRequest.normalizeAiSdkOptions(packageName, config.request.body ?? {}),
+                  })
+                  if (config.request.variant !== undefined) model.request.variant = config.request.variant
+                }
+                if (config.variants !== undefined) {
+                  for (const variant of config.variants) {
+                    let existing = model.variants.find((item) => item.id === variant.id)
+                    if (!existing) {
+                      existing = {
+                        id: variant.id,
+                        headers: {},
+                        body: {},
+                        generation: {},
+                        options: {},
+                      }
+                      model.variants.push(existing)
+                    }
+                    ModelRequest.assign(existing, {
+                      headers: variant.headers,
+                      ...ModelRequest.normalizeAiSdkOptions(packageName, variant.body ?? {}),
+                    })
+                  }
+                }
+                if (config.cost !== undefined) {
+                  model.cost = (Array.isArray(config.cost) ? config.cost : [config.cost]).map((cost) => ({
+                    tier: cost.tier && { ...cost.tier },
+                    input: cost.input,
+                    output: cost.output,
+                    cache: {
+                      read: cost.cache?.read ?? 0,
+                      write: cost.cache?.write ?? 0,
+                    },
+                  }))
+                }
+                if (config.disabled !== undefined) model.enabled = !config.disabled
+                if (config.limit !== undefined) model.limit = { ...model.limit, ...config.limit }
+              })
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }),
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/reference.ts b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/reference.ts
index 22c7664996d..82487e4a898 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/reference.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/reference.ts
@@ -1,57 +1,56 @@
 export * as ConfigReferencePlugin from "./reference"
 
+import { define } from "../../plugin/internal"
 import path from "path"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Config } from "../../config"
 import { ConfigReference } from "../reference"
-import { Global } from "../../global"
-import { Location } from "../../location"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
 import { Reference } from "../../reference"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "../../schema"
+import { Global } from "../../global"
+import { Location } from "../../location"
 
-export const Plugin = {
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("core/config-reference"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "core/config-reference",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const config = yield* Config.Service
-    const global = yield* Global.Service
     const location = yield* Location.Service
-    const references = yield* Reference.Service
-    const update = yield* references.transform()
-    const entries = new Map<string, Reference.Source>()
-    for (const doc of (yield* config.entries()).filter(
-      (entry): entry is Config.Document => entry.type === "document",
-    )) {
-      const directory = doc.path ? path.dirname(doc.path) : location.directory
-      for (const [name, entry] of Object.entries(doc.info.references ?? {})) {
-        if (!validAlias(name)) continue
-        entries.set(
-          name,
-          local(entry)
-            ? new Reference.LocalSource({
-                type: "local",
-                path: AbsolutePath.make(
-                  localPath(directory, global.home, typeof entry === "string" ? entry : entry.path),
-                ),
-                description: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.description,
-                hidden: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.hidden,
-              })
-            : new Reference.GitSource({
-                type: "git",
-                repository: typeof entry === "string" ? entry : entry.repository,
-                branch: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.branch,
-                description: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.description,
-                hidden: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.hidden,
-              }),
-        )
-      }
-    }
-
-    yield* update((editor) => {
-      for (const [name, source] of entries) editor.add(name, source)
-    })
+    const global = yield* Global.Service
+    yield* ctx.reference.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (draft) {
+        const entries = new Map<string, Reference.Source>()
+        for (const doc of (yield* config.entries()).filter(
+          (entry): entry is Config.Document => entry.type === "document",
+        )) {
+          const directory = doc.path ? path.dirname(doc.path) : location.directory
+          for (const [name, entry] of Object.entries(doc.info.references ?? {})) {
+            if (!validAlias(name)) continue
+            entries.set(
+              name,
+              local(entry)
+                ? new Reference.LocalSource({
+                    type: "local",
+                    path: AbsolutePath.make(
+                      localPath(directory, global.home, typeof entry === "string" ? entry : entry.path),
+                    ),
+                    description: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.description,
+                    hidden: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.hidden,
+                  })
+                : new Reference.GitSource({
+                    type: "git",
+                    repository: typeof entry === "string" ? entry : entry.repository,
+                    branch: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.branch,
+                    description: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.description,
+                    hidden: typeof entry === "string" ? undefined : entry.hidden,
+                  }),
+            )
+          }
+        }
+        for (const [name, source] of entries) draft.add(name, source)
+      }),
+    )
   }),
-}
+})
 
 function validAlias(name: string) {
   return name.length > 0 && !/[\/\s`,]/.test(name)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/skill.ts b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/skill.ts
index 30b7a882766..eca8b5ccae5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config/plugin/skill.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config/plugin/skill.ts
@@ -1,48 +1,47 @@
 export * as ConfigSkillPlugin from "./skill"
 
+import { define } from "../../plugin/internal"
 import path from "path"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Config } from "../../config"
-import { Global } from "../../global"
-import { Location } from "../../location"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "../../schema"
 import { SkillV2 } from "../../skill"
+import { Global } from "../../global"
+import { Location } from "../../location"
 
-export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("config-skill"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "config-skill",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const config = yield* Config.Service
     const global = yield* Global.Service
     const location = yield* Location.Service
-    const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
-    const transform = yield* skill.transform()
-    const entries = yield* config.entries()
-    const directories = entries.flatMap((entry) => (entry.type === "directory" ? [entry.path] : []))
-    const items = entries.flatMap((entry) => (entry.type === "document" ? (entry.info.skills ?? []) : []))
-
-    yield* transform((editor) => {
-      for (const directory of directories) {
-        editor.source(
-          new SkillV2.DirectorySource({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(directory, "skill")) }),
-        )
-        editor.source(
-          new SkillV2.DirectorySource({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(directory, "skills")) }),
-        )
-      }
-      for (const item of items) {
-        if (URL.canParse(item) && /^(https?:)$/.test(new URL(item).protocol)) {
-          editor.source(new SkillV2.UrlSource({ type: "url", url: item }))
-          continue
+    yield* ctx.skill.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (draft) {
+        const entries = yield* config.entries()
+        const directories = entries.flatMap((entry) => (entry.type === "directory" ? [entry.path] : []))
+        const items = entries.flatMap((entry) => (entry.type === "document" ? (entry.info.skills ?? []) : []))
+        for (const directory of directories) {
+          draft.source(
+            new SkillV2.DirectorySource({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(directory, "skill")) }),
+          )
+          draft.source(
+            new SkillV2.DirectorySource({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(directory, "skills")) }),
+          )
         }
-        const expanded = item.startsWith("~/") ? path.join(global.home, item.slice(2)) : item
-        editor.source(
-          new SkillV2.DirectorySource({
-            type: "directory",
-            path: AbsolutePath.make(path.isAbsolute(expanded) ? expanded : path.join(location.directory, expanded)),
-          }),
-        )
-      }
-    })
+        for (const item of items) {
+          if (URL.canParse(item) && /^(https?:)$/.test(new URL(item).protocol)) {
+            draft.source(new SkillV2.UrlSource({ type: "url", url: item }))
+            continue
+          }
+          const expanded = item.startsWith("~/") ? path.join(global.home, item.slice(2)) : item
+          draft.source(
+            new SkillV2.DirectorySource({
+              type: "directory",
+              path: AbsolutePath.make(path.isAbsolute(expanded) ? expanded : path.join(location.directory, expanded)),
+            }),
+          )
+        }
+      }),
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/control-plane/move-session.ts b/packages/core/src/control-plane/move-session.ts
index 0239eecada2..fa2a3cb5493 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/control-plane/move-session.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/control-plane/move-session.ts
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export class ResetSourceChangesError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ResetSource
   {
     directory: AbsolutePath,
     message: Schema.String,
-    cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+    cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
   },
 ) {}
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/credential.ts b/packages/core/src/credential.ts
index 937ec4a51a7..b01bb1d1fd8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/credential.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/credential.ts
@@ -29,33 +29,33 @@ export class Key extends Schema.Class<Key>("Credential.Key")({
   metadata: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.String)),
 }) {}
 
-export const Info = Schema.Union([OAuth, Key])
+export const Value = Schema.Union([OAuth, Key])
   .pipe(Schema.toTaggedUnion("type"))
-  .annotate({ identifier: "Credential.Info" })
-export type Info = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Info>
+  .annotate({ identifier: "Credential.Value" })
+export type Value = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Value>
 
-export class Stored extends Schema.Class<Stored>("Credential.Stored")({
+export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("Credential.Info")({
   id: ID,
   integrationID: IntegrationSchema.ID,
   label: Schema.String,
-  value: Info,
+  value: Value,
 }) {}
 
 export interface Interface {
   /** Returns every stored credential. */
-  readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<Stored[]>
+  readonly all: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
   /** Returns stored credentials belonging to one integration. */
-  readonly list: (integrationID: IntegrationSchema.ID) => Effect.Effect<Stored[]>
+  readonly list: (integrationID: IntegrationSchema.ID) => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
   /** Returns one stored credential by ID. */
-  readonly get: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<Stored | undefined>
+  readonly get: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
   /** Replaces any credential for an integration and returns the new record. */
   readonly create: (input: {
     readonly integrationID: IntegrationSchema.ID
-    readonly value: Info
+    readonly value: Value
     readonly label?: string
-  }) => Effect.Effect<Stored>
+  }) => Effect.Effect<Info>
   /** Updates the label or secret value of a stored credential. */
-  readonly update: (id: ID, updates: Partial<Pick<Stored, "label" | "value">>) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly update: (id: ID, updates: Partial<Pick<Info, "label" | "value">>) => Effect.Effect<void>
   /** Removes a stored credential. */
   readonly remove: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
@@ -66,10 +66,10 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Info)
+    const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Value)
     const stored = (row: typeof CredentialTable.$inferSelect) => {
       if (!row.integration_id) return
-      return new Stored({
+      return new Info({
         id: row.id,
         integrationID: row.integration_id,
         label: row.label,
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         return row ? stored(row) : undefined
       }),
       create: Effect.fn("Credential.create")(function* (input) {
-        const credential = new Stored({
+        const credential = new Info({
           id: ID.create(),
           integrationID: input.integrationID,
           label: input.label ?? "default",
diff --git a/packages/core/src/credential/sql.ts b/packages/core/src/credential/sql.ts
index a849092ea05..3afd7284a58 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/credential/sql.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/credential/sql.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ export const CredentialTable = sqliteTable("credential", {
   id: text().$type<Credential.ID>().primaryKey(),
   integration_id: text().$type<IntegrationSchema.ID>(),
   label: text().notNull(),
-  value: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<Credential.Info>().notNull(),
+  value: text({ mode: "json" }).$type<Credential.Value>().notNull(),
   connector_id: text(),
   method_id: text(),
   active: integer({ mode: "boolean" }),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/migration.gen.ts b/packages/core/src/database/migration.gen.ts
index 1e915bb3cf6..e6ea4eaa147 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/migration.gen.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/migration.gen.ts
@@ -37,5 +37,8 @@ export const migrations = (
     import("./migration/20260611035744_credential"),
     import("./migration/20260611192811_lush_chimera"),
     import("./migration/20260612174303_project_dir_strategy"),
+    import("./migration/20260622142730_simplify_session_context_epoch"),
+    import("./migration/20260622170816_reset_v2_session_state"),
+    import("./migration/20260622202450_simplify_session_input"),
   ])
 ).map((module) => module.default) satisfies DatabaseMigration.Migration[]
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622142730_simplify_session_context_epoch.ts b/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622142730_simplify_session_context_epoch.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1520bac4c14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622142730_simplify_session_context_epoch.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { DatabaseMigration } from "../migration"
+
+export default {
+  id: "20260622142730_simplify_session_context_epoch",
+  up(tx) {
+    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* tx.run(`ALTER TABLE \`session_context_epoch\` DROP COLUMN \`agent\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`ALTER TABLE \`session_context_epoch\` DROP COLUMN \`replacement_seq\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`ALTER TABLE \`session_context_epoch\` DROP COLUMN \`revision\`;`)
+    })
+  },
+} satisfies DatabaseMigration.Migration
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622170816_reset_v2_session_state.ts b/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622170816_reset_v2_session_state.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b771a64bb74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622170816_reset_v2_session_state.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { DatabaseMigration } from "../migration"
+
+export default {
+  id: "20260622170816_reset_v2_session_state",
+  up(tx) {
+    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`session_context_epoch\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`session_input\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`session_message\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`event\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`event_sequence\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`UPDATE \`session\` SET \`workspace_id\` = NULL WHERE \`workspace_id\` IS NOT NULL;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`workspace\`;`)
+    })
+  },
+} satisfies DatabaseMigration.Migration
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622202450_simplify_session_input.ts b/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622202450_simplify_session_input.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0b5ddd1bfde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/migration/20260622202450_simplify_session_input.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import type { DatabaseMigration } from "../migration"
+
+export default {
+  id: "20260622202450_simplify_session_input",
+  up(tx) {
+    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`session_context_epoch\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`session_input\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`session_message\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`event\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`event_sequence\`;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`UPDATE \`session\` SET \`workspace_id\` = NULL WHERE \`workspace_id\` IS NOT NULL;`)
+      yield* tx.run(`DELETE FROM \`workspace\`;`)
+    })
+  },
+} satisfies DatabaseMigration.Migration
diff --git a/packages/core/src/database/schema.gen.ts b/packages/core/src/database/schema.gen.ts
index 5c044ec60f9..ed60fde6c55 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/database/schema.gen.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/database/schema.gen.ts
@@ -149,11 +149,8 @@ export default {
         CREATE TABLE \`session_context_epoch\` (
           \`session_id\` text PRIMARY KEY,
           \`baseline\` text NOT NULL,
-          \`agent\` text DEFAULT 'build' NOT NULL,
           \`snapshot\` text NOT NULL,
           \`baseline_seq\` integer NOT NULL,
-          \`replacement_seq\` integer,
-          \`revision\` integer DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
           CONSTRAINT \`fk_session_context_epoch_session_id_session_id_fk\` FOREIGN KEY (\`session_id\`) REFERENCES \`session\`(\`id\`) ON DELETE CASCADE
         );
       `)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/event.ts b/packages/core/src/event.ts
index 7a33eedc40f..3439a0aefc8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/event.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/event.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { and, asc, eq, gt } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { Database } from "./database/database"
 import { EventSequenceTable, EventTable } from "./event/sql"
 import { Location } from "./location"
-import { externalID, type ExternalID, NonNegativeInt, withStatics } from "./schema"
+import { externalID, type ExternalID, withStatics } from "./schema"
 import { Identifier } from "./util/identifier"
 import { LayerNode } from "./effect/layer-node"
 import { isDeepStrictEqual } from "node:util"
@@ -19,16 +19,9 @@ export const ID = Schema.String.check(Schema.isStartsWith("evt_")).pipe(
 )
 export type ID = typeof ID.Type
 
-/**
- * Durable aggregate continuation position for embedded replay streams.
- * TODO: Decide whether a future HTTP / SDK surface should expose an opaque cursor instead.
- */
-export const Cursor = NonNegativeInt.pipe(Schema.brand("EventV2.Cursor"))
-export type Cursor = typeof Cursor.Type
-
 export type Definition<Type extends string = string, DataSchema extends Schema.Top = Schema.Top> = {
   readonly type: Type
-  readonly sync?: {
+  readonly durable?: {
     readonly version: number
     readonly aggregate: string
   }
@@ -41,22 +34,31 @@ export type Payload<D extends Definition = Definition> = {
   readonly id: ID
   readonly type: D["type"]
   readonly data: Data<D>
-  /** Durable aggregate order, populated while synchronized events are projected. */
-  readonly seq?: number
-  readonly version?: number
+  readonly durable?: {
+    readonly aggregateID: string
+    readonly seq: number
+    readonly version: number
+  }
   readonly location?: Location.Ref
   readonly metadata?: Record<string, unknown>
-  /** Internal replay marker for projectors that own non-replicated operational state. */
-  readonly replay?: boolean
 }
 
-export type Projector<D extends Definition = Definition> = (event: Payload<D>) => Effect.Effect<void>
-type AnyProjector = (event: Payload) => Effect.Effect<void>
-export type CommitGuard = (event: Payload) => Effect.Effect<void>
-export type Listener = (event: Payload) => Effect.Effect<void>
-export type Sync = (event: Payload) => Effect.Effect<void>
+export type Subscriber<D extends Definition = Definition> = (event: Payload<D>) => Effect.Effect<void>
 export type Unsubscribe = Effect.Effect<void>
 
+export const latestSequence = Effect.fn("EventV2.latestSequence")(function* (
+  db: Database.Interface["db"],
+  aggregateID: string,
+) {
+  const row = yield* db
+    .select({ seq: EventSequenceTable.seq })
+    .from(EventSequenceTable)
+    .where(eq(EventSequenceTable.aggregate_id, aggregateID))
+    .get()
+    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  return row?.seq ?? -1
+})
+
 export type SerializedEvent = {
   readonly id: ID
   readonly type: string
@@ -65,13 +67,8 @@ export type SerializedEvent = {
   readonly data: Record<string, unknown>
 }
 
-export type CursorEvent<E extends Payload = Payload> = {
-  readonly cursor: Cursor
-  readonly event: E
-}
-
-export class InvalidSyncEventError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<InvalidSyncEventError>()(
-  "EventV2.InvalidSyncEvent",
+export class InvalidDurableEventError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<InvalidDurableEventError>()(
+  "EventV2.InvalidDurableEvent",
   {
     type: Schema.String,
     message: Schema.String,
@@ -83,19 +80,11 @@ export function versionedType(type: string, version: number) {
 }
 
 export const registry = new Map<string, Definition>()
-type SyncDefinition = Definition & {
-  readonly sync: NonNullable<Definition["sync"]>
-  readonly encode: (data: unknown) => unknown
-  readonly decode: (data: unknown) => unknown
-}
-const syncRegistry = new Map<string, SyncDefinition>()
-
-// Synchronized events cross a JSON boundary, so their data schemas must encode and decode without services.
-const syncCodec = (definition: Definition) => definition.data as Schema.Codec<unknown, unknown, never, never>
+const durableRegistry = new Map<string, Definition>()
 
 export function define<const Type extends string, Fields extends Schema.Struct.Fields>(input: {
   readonly type: Type
-  readonly sync?: {
+  readonly durable?: {
     readonly version: number
     readonly aggregate: string
   }
@@ -106,28 +95,25 @@ export function define<const Type extends string, Fields extends Schema.Struct.F
     id: ID,
     metadata: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)),
     type: Schema.Literal(input.type),
-    version: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
+    durable: Schema.optional(Schema.Struct({ aggregateID: Schema.String, seq: Schema.Number, version: Schema.Number })),
     location: Schema.optional(Location.Ref),
     data: Data,
   }).annotate({ identifier: input.type })
 
   const definition = Object.assign(Payload, {
     type: input.type,
-    ...(input.sync === undefined ? {} : { sync: input.sync }),
+    ...(input.durable === undefined ? {} : { durable: input.durable }),
     data: Data,
   })
   const existing = registry.get(input.type)
-  if (input.sync === undefined || existing?.sync === undefined || input.sync.version >= existing.sync.version) {
+  if (
+    input.durable === undefined ||
+    existing?.durable === undefined ||
+    input.durable.version >= existing.durable.version
+  ) {
     registry.set(input.type, definition)
   }
-  if (input.sync)
-    syncRegistry.set(
-      versionedType(input.type, input.sync.version),
-      Object.assign(definition, {
-        encode: Schema.encodeUnknownSync(syncCodec(definition)),
-        decode: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(syncCodec(definition)),
-      }) as SyncDefinition,
-    )
+  if (input.durable) durableRegistry.set(versionedType(input.type, input.durable.version), definition)
   return definition as Schema.Schema<Payload<Definition<Type, Schema.Struct<Fields>>>> &
     Definition<Type, Schema.Struct<Fields>>
 }
@@ -140,7 +126,7 @@ export interface PublishOptions {
   readonly id?: ID
   readonly metadata?: Record<string, unknown>
   readonly location?: Location.Ref
-  /** Local operational projection committed atomically with a new synchronized event. Not replayed or serialized. */
+  /** Local operational projection committed atomically with a new durable event. Not replayed or serialized. */
   readonly commit?: (seq: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
@@ -152,14 +138,10 @@ export interface Interface {
   ) => Effect.Effect<Payload<D>>
   readonly subscribe: <D extends Definition>(definition: D) => Stream.Stream<Payload<D>>
   readonly all: () => Stream.Stream<Payload>
-  readonly aggregateEvents: (input: {
-    readonly aggregateID: string
-    readonly after?: Cursor
-  }) => Stream.Stream<CursorEvent>
-  readonly sync: (handler: Sync) => Effect.Effect<Unsubscribe>
-  readonly listen: (listener: Listener) => Effect.Effect<Unsubscribe>
-  readonly beforeCommit: (guard: CommitGuard) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  readonly project: <D extends Definition>(definition: D, projector: Projector<D>) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly durable: (input: { readonly aggregateID: string; readonly after?: number }) => Stream.Stream<Payload>
+  /** @deprecated Use `all()` and consume the returned stream. */
+  readonly listen: (listener: Subscriber) => Effect.Effect<Unsubscribe>
+  readonly project: <D extends Definition>(definition: D, projector: Subscriber<D>) => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly replay: (
     event: SerializedEvent,
     options?: { readonly publish?: boolean; readonly ownerID?: string; readonly strictOwner?: boolean },
@@ -182,37 +164,37 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
   Layer.effect(
     Service,
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const all = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Payload>()
-      const synchronized = new Map<string, Set<PubSub.PubSub<void>>>()
-      const typed = new Map<string, PubSub.PubSub<Payload>>()
-      const projectors = new Map<string, AnyProjector[]>()
-      const commitGuards = new Array<CommitGuard>()
-      const listeners = new Array<Listener>()
-      const syncHandlers = new Array<Sync>()
+      const pubsub = {
+        all: yield* PubSub.unbounded<Payload>(),
+        durable: new Map<string, Set<PubSub.PubSub<void>>>(),
+        typed: new Map<string, PubSub.PubSub<Payload>>(),
+      }
+      const projectors = new Map<string, Subscriber[]>()
+      const listeners = new Array<Subscriber>()
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
 
       const getOrCreate = (definition: Definition) =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const existing = typed.get(definition.type)
+          const existing = pubsub.typed.get(definition.type)
           if (existing) return existing
-          const pubsub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Payload>()
-          typed.set(definition.type, pubsub)
-          return pubsub
+          const created = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Payload>()
+          pubsub.typed.set(definition.type, created)
+          return created
         })
 
       yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* PubSub.shutdown(all)
+          yield* PubSub.shutdown(pubsub.all)
           yield* Effect.forEach(
-            synchronized.values(),
+            pubsub.durable.values(),
             (pubsubs) => Effect.forEach(pubsubs, PubSub.shutdown, { discard: true }),
             { discard: true },
           )
-          yield* Effect.forEach(typed.values(), PubSub.shutdown, { discard: true })
+          yield* Effect.forEach(pubsub.typed.values(), PubSub.shutdown, { discard: true })
         }),
       )
 
-      function commitSyncEvent(
+      function commitDurableEvent(
         event: Payload,
         input?: {
           readonly seq: number
@@ -224,28 +206,20 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
       ) {
         return Effect.gen(function* () {
           const definition = registry.get(event.type)
-          const sync = definition?.sync
-          if (sync) {
-            if (event.version !== sync.version) {
-              yield* Effect.die(
-                new InvalidSyncEventError({
-                  type: event.type,
-                  message: `Expected event version ${sync.version}, got ${event.version}`,
-                }),
-              )
-            }
-            const aggregateID = (event.data as Record<string, unknown>)[sync.aggregate]
+          const durable = definition?.durable
+          if (durable) {
+            const aggregateID = (event.data as Record<string, unknown>)[durable.aggregate]
             if (typeof aggregateID !== "string") {
               yield* Effect.die(
-                new InvalidSyncEventError({
+                new InvalidDurableEventError({
                   type: event.type,
-                  message: `Expected string aggregate field ${sync.aggregate}`,
+                  message: `Expected string aggregate field ${durable.aggregate}`,
                 }),
               )
             } else {
               if (input && input.aggregateID !== aggregateID) {
                 yield* Effect.die(
-                  new InvalidSyncEventError({
+                  new InvalidDurableEventError({
                     type: event.type,
                     message: `Aggregate mismatch: expected ${input.aggregateID}, got ${aggregateID}`,
                   }),
@@ -265,12 +239,12 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
                             .get()
                             .pipe(Effect.orDie)
                           const latest = row?.seq ?? -1
-                          const encoded = syncRegistry
-                            .get(versionedType(definition.type, sync.version))!
-                            .encode(event.data) as Record<string, unknown>
+                          const encoded = Schema.encodeUnknownSync(
+                            definition.data as Schema.Codec<unknown, unknown, never, never>,
+                          )(event.data) as Record<string, unknown>
                           if (input?.strictOwner && row?.ownerID && row.ownerID !== input.ownerID) {
                             yield* Effect.die(
-                              new InvalidSyncEventError({
+                              new InvalidDurableEventError({
                                 type: event.type,
                                 message: `Replay owner mismatch for aggregate ${aggregateID}: expected ${row.ownerID}, got ${input.ownerID ?? "none"}`,
                               }),
@@ -285,7 +259,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
                               .pipe(Effect.orDie)
                             if (
                               stored?.id === event.id &&
-                              stored.type === versionedType(definition.type, sync.version) &&
+                              stored.type === versionedType(definition.type, durable.version) &&
                               isDeepStrictEqual(stored.data, encoded)
                             ) {
                               if (input.ownerID && row?.ownerID == null) {
@@ -299,7 +273,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
                               return
                             }
                             yield* Effect.die(
-                              new InvalidSyncEventError({
+                              new InvalidDurableEventError({
                                 type: event.type,
                                 message: `Replay diverged at aggregate ${aggregateID} sequence ${input.seq}`,
                               }),
@@ -311,7 +285,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
                           const seq = input?.seq ?? latest + 1
                           if (input && seq !== latest + 1) {
                             yield* Effect.die(
-                              new InvalidSyncEventError({
+                              new InvalidDurableEventError({
                                 type: event.type,
                                 message: `Sequence mismatch for aggregate ${aggregateID}: expected ${latest + 1}, got ${seq}`,
                               }),
@@ -325,16 +299,17 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
                             .pipe(Effect.orDie)
                           if (stored)
                             yield* Effect.die(
-                              new InvalidSyncEventError({
+                              new InvalidDurableEventError({
                                 type: event.type,
                                 message: `Event ${event.id} already exists at aggregate ${stored.aggregateID} sequence ${stored.seq}`,
                               }),
                             )
-                          for (const guard of commitGuards) {
-                            yield* guard(event)
-                          }
+                          const committed = {
+                            ...event,
+                            durable: { aggregateID, seq, version: durable.version },
+                          } as Payload
                           for (const projector of list) {
-                            yield* projector({ ...event, seq } as Payload)
+                            yield* projector(committed)
                           }
                           if (commit) yield* commit(seq)
                           yield* db
@@ -356,7 +331,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
                                 id: event.id,
                                 aggregate_id: aggregateID,
                                 seq,
-                                type: versionedType(definition.type, sync.version),
+                                type: versionedType(definition.type, durable.version),
                                 data: encoded,
                               },
                             ])
@@ -369,8 +344,8 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
                     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
                   if (committed) {
                     yield* Effect.forEach(
-                      synchronized.get(committed.aggregateID) ?? [],
-                      (pubsub) => PubSub.publish(pubsub, undefined),
+                      pubsub.durable.get(committed.aggregateID) ?? [],
+                      (wake) => PubSub.publish(wake, undefined),
                       { discard: true },
                     )
                   }
@@ -384,19 +359,25 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
 
       function publishEvent<D extends Definition>(event: Payload<D>, commit?: PublishOptions["commit"]) {
         return Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const durable = registry.get(event.type)?.sync !== undefined
-          if (!durable && commit)
+          const definition = registry.get(event.type)
+          if (!definition?.durable && commit)
             return yield* Effect.die(
-              new InvalidSyncEventError({
+              new InvalidDurableEventError({
                 type: event.type,
-                message: "Local commit hooks require a synchronized event",
+                message: "Local commit hooks require a durable event",
               }),
             )
-          if (durable) {
-            const committed = yield* commitSyncEvent(event as Payload, undefined, commit)
+          if (definition?.durable) {
+            const committed = yield* commitDurableEvent(event as Payload, undefined, commit)
             if (committed) {
-              event = { ...event, seq: committed.seq }
-              yield* Effect.forEach(syncHandlers, (sync) => observe(event as Payload, "sync", sync), { discard: true })
+              event = {
+                ...event,
+                durable: {
+                  aggregateID: committed.aggregateID,
+                  seq: committed.seq,
+                  version: definition.durable.version,
+                },
+              }
               yield* notify(event as Payload, true)
               return event
             }
@@ -406,12 +387,11 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
         })
       }
 
-      const observe = (event: Payload, kind: "sync" | "listener", observer: (event: Payload) => Effect.Effect<void>) =>
+      const observe = (event: Payload, observer: (event: Payload) => Effect.Effect<void>) =>
         Effect.suspend(() => observer(event)).pipe(
           Effect.catchCauseIf(
             (cause) => !Cause.hasInterrupts(cause),
-            (cause) =>
-              Effect.logError("Event observer failed", { eventID: event.id, eventType: event.type, kind, cause }),
+            (cause) => Effect.logError("Event listener failed", { eventID: event.id, eventType: event.type, cause }),
           ),
         )
 
@@ -419,12 +399,12 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
         return Effect.gen(function* () {
           yield* Effect.forEach(
             listeners,
-            (listener) => (isolateListeners ? observe(event, "listener", listener) : listener(event)),
+            (listener) => (isolateListeners ? observe(event, listener) : listener(event)),
             { discard: true },
           )
-          const pubsub = typed.get(event.type)
-          if (pubsub) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, event)
-          yield* PubSub.publish(all, event)
+          const typed = pubsub.typed.get(event.type)
+          if (typed) yield* PubSub.publish(typed, event)
+          yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub.all, event)
         })
       }
 
@@ -441,7 +421,6 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
               id: options?.id ?? ID.create(),
               ...(options?.metadata ? { metadata: options.metadata } : {}),
               type: definition.type,
-              ...(definition.sync === undefined ? {} : { version: definition.sync.version }),
               ...(location ? { location } : {}),
               data,
             } as Payload<D>,
@@ -455,27 +434,37 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
         options?: { readonly publish?: boolean; readonly ownerID?: string; readonly strictOwner?: boolean },
       ) {
         return Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const definition = syncRegistry.get(event.type)
-          if (!definition) {
+          const definition = durableRegistry.get(event.type)
+          if (!definition?.durable) {
             yield* Effect.die(
-              new InvalidSyncEventError({ type: event.type, message: `Unknown sync event type ${event.type}` }),
+              new InvalidDurableEventError({ type: event.type, message: `Unknown durable event type ${event.type}` }),
             )
           } else {
             const payload = {
               id: event.id,
               type: definition.type,
-              version: definition.sync.version,
-              data: definition.decode(event.data),
-              replay: true,
+              data: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(definition.data as Schema.Codec<unknown, unknown, never, never>)(
+                event.data,
+              ),
             } as Payload
-            const committed = yield* commitSyncEvent(payload, {
+            const committed = yield* commitDurableEvent(payload, {
               seq: event.seq,
               aggregateID: event.aggregateID,
               ownerID: options?.ownerID,
               strictOwner: options?.strictOwner,
             })
             if (committed && options?.publish) {
-              yield* notify({ ...payload, seq: committed.seq }, true)
+              yield* notify(
+                {
+                  ...payload,
+                  durable: {
+                    aggregateID: committed.aggregateID,
+                    seq: committed.seq,
+                    version: definition.durable.version,
+                  },
+                },
+                true,
+              )
             }
           }
         })
@@ -490,7 +479,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
           if (!source) return undefined
           if (events.some((event) => event.aggregateID !== source)) {
             yield* Effect.die(
-              new InvalidSyncEventError({
+              new InvalidDurableEventError({
                 type: events[0]?.type ?? "unknown",
                 message: "Replay events must belong to the same aggregate",
               }),
@@ -501,7 +490,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
             const seq = start + index
             if (event.seq !== seq) {
               yield* Effect.die(
-                new InvalidSyncEventError({
+                new InvalidDurableEventError({
                   type: event.type,
                   message: `Replay sequence mismatch at index ${index}: expected ${seq}, got ${event.seq}`,
                 }),
@@ -540,22 +529,18 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
           Stream.map((event) => event as Payload<D>),
         )
 
-      const streamAll = (): Stream.Stream<Payload> => Stream.fromPubSub(all)
+      const streamAll = (): Stream.Stream<Payload> => Stream.fromPubSub(pubsub.all)
 
-      const decodeSerializedEvent = (event: SerializedEvent): CursorEvent => {
-        const definition = syncRegistry.get(event.type)
-        if (!definition) {
-          throw new InvalidSyncEventError({ type: event.type, message: `Unknown sync event type ${event.type}` })
+      const decodeSerializedEvent = (event: SerializedEvent): Payload => {
+        const definition = durableRegistry.get(event.type)
+        if (!definition?.durable) {
+          throw new InvalidDurableEventError({ type: event.type, message: `Unknown durable event type ${event.type}` })
         }
         return {
-          cursor: Cursor.make(event.seq),
-          event: {
-            id: event.id,
-            type: definition.type,
-            version: definition.sync.version,
-            seq: event.seq,
-            data: definition.decode(event.data),
-          },
+          id: event.id,
+          type: definition.type,
+          durable: { aggregateID: event.aggregateID, seq: event.seq, version: definition.durable.version },
+          data: Schema.decodeUnknownSync(definition.data as Schema.Codec<unknown, unknown, never, never>)(event.data),
         }
       }
 
@@ -583,43 +568,40 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
           ),
         )
 
-      const subscribeSynchronized = (aggregateID: string) =>
+      const subscribeDurable = (aggregateID: string) =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const pubsub = yield* PubSub.sliding<void>(1)
-          const subscription = yield* PubSub.subscribe(pubsub)
+          const wake = yield* PubSub.sliding<void>(1)
+          const subscription = yield* PubSub.subscribe(wake)
           yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
             Effect.sync(() => {
-              const pubsubs = synchronized.get(aggregateID) ?? new Set()
-              pubsubs.add(pubsub)
-              synchronized.set(aggregateID, pubsubs)
+              const wakes = pubsub.durable.get(aggregateID) ?? new Set()
+              wakes.add(wake)
+              pubsub.durable.set(aggregateID, wakes)
             }),
             () =>
               Effect.sync(() => {
-                const pubsubs = synchronized.get(aggregateID)
-                pubsubs?.delete(pubsub)
-                if (pubsubs?.size === 0) synchronized.delete(aggregateID)
-              }).pipe(Effect.andThen(PubSub.shutdown(pubsub))),
+                const wakes = pubsub.durable.get(aggregateID)
+                wakes?.delete(wake)
+                if (wakes?.size === 0) pubsub.durable.delete(aggregateID)
+              }).pipe(Effect.andThen(PubSub.shutdown(wake))),
           )
           return subscription
         })
 
-      const streamEvents = (input: {
-        readonly aggregateID: string
-        readonly after?: Cursor
-      }): Stream.Stream<CursorEvent> =>
+      const durable = (input: { readonly aggregateID: string; readonly after?: number }): Stream.Stream<Payload> =>
         Stream.unwrap(
           Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const synchronized = yield* subscribeSynchronized(input.aggregateID)
-            let cursor = input.after ?? -1
-            const read = Effect.suspend(() => readAfter(input.aggregateID, cursor)).pipe(
+            const wakes = yield* subscribeDurable(input.aggregateID)
+            let sequence = input.after ?? -1
+            const read = Effect.suspend(() => readAfter(input.aggregateID, sequence)).pipe(
               Effect.tap((events) =>
                 Effect.sync(() => {
-                  cursor = events.at(-1)?.cursor ?? cursor
+                  sequence = events.at(-1)?.durable?.seq ?? sequence
                 }),
               ),
             )
             const historical = yield* read
-            const live = Stream.fromSubscription(synchronized).pipe(
+            const live = Stream.fromSubscription(wakes).pipe(
               Stream.mapEffect(() => read),
               Stream.flattenIterable,
             )
@@ -627,7 +609,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
           }),
         )
 
-      const listen = (listener: Listener): Effect.Effect<Unsubscribe> =>
+      const listen = (listener: Subscriber): Effect.Effect<Unsubscribe> =>
         Effect.sync(() => {
           listeners.push(listener)
           return Effect.sync(() => {
@@ -636,21 +618,7 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
           })
         })
 
-      const sync = (handler: Sync): Effect.Effect<Unsubscribe> =>
-        Effect.sync(() => {
-          syncHandlers.push(handler)
-          return Effect.sync(() => {
-            const index = syncHandlers.indexOf(handler)
-            if (index >= 0) syncHandlers.splice(index, 1)
-          })
-        })
-
-      const beforeCommit = (guard: CommitGuard): Effect.Effect<void> =>
-        Effect.sync(() => {
-          commitGuards.push(guard)
-        })
-
-      const project = <D extends Definition>(definition: D, projector: Projector<D>): Effect.Effect<void> =>
+      const project = <D extends Definition>(definition: D, projector: Subscriber<D>): Effect.Effect<void> =>
         Effect.sync(() => {
           const list = projectors.get(definition.type) ?? []
           list.push((event) => projector(event as Payload<D>))
@@ -661,10 +629,8 @@ export const layerWith = (options?: LayerOptions) =>
         publish,
         subscribe,
         all: streamAll,
-        aggregateEvents: streamEvents,
-        sync,
+        durable,
         listen,
-        beforeCommit,
         project,
         replay,
         replayAll,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/filesystem.ts b/packages/core/src/filesystem.ts
index 3257fe88401..7f6ae60ae0a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/filesystem.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/filesystem.ts
@@ -123,6 +123,6 @@ const baseLayer = Layer.effect(
   }),
 )
 
-export const layer = baseLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(FileSystemSearch.defaultLayer), Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer))
+export const layer = baseLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(FileSystemSearch.locationLayer), Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer))
 
 export const locationLayer = layer
diff --git a/packages/core/src/filesystem/search.ts b/packages/core/src/filesystem/search.ts
index 0f123f5b9c1..c019b8034b1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/filesystem/search.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/filesystem/search.ts
@@ -232,6 +232,6 @@ export const fffLayer = Layer.effect(
   }),
 )
 
-export const defaultLayer = Layer.unwrap(
+export const locationLayer = Layer.unwrap(
   Effect.sync(() => (Flag.OPENCODE_DISABLE_FFF || !Fff.available() ? ripgrepLayer : fffLayer)),
 )
diff --git a/packages/core/src/fs-util.ts b/packages/core/src/fs-util.ts
index 24263cbadf9..74cee8b79b5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/fs-util.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/fs-util.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { filesystem } from "./effect/layer-node-platform"
 export namespace FSUtil {
   export class FileSystemError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<FileSystemError>()("FileSystemError", {
     method: Schema.String,
-    cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+    cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
   }) {}
 
   export type Error = PlatformError | FileSystemError
diff --git a/packages/core/src/git.ts b/packages/core/src/git.ts
index 0041c3353f4..b7ef916330e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/git.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/git.ts
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ export class WorktreeError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<WorktreeError>()("Git
   message: Schema.String,
   directory: Schema.optional(AbsolutePath),
   forceRequired: Schema.optional(Schema.Boolean),
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export class PatchError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<PatchError>()("Git.PatchError", {
   operation: Schema.Literals(["capture", "apply", "reset"]),
   directory: AbsolutePath,
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export interface Interface {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/integration.ts b/packages/core/src/integration.ts
index ca626111a01..1e1e613e3fa 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/integration.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/integration.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
 export * as Integration from "./integration"
 
-import { Cause, Clock, Context, Duration, Effect, Exit, Layer, Schedule, Schema, Scope, SynchronizedRef } from "effect"
-import { castDraft, enableMapSet, type Draft } from "immer"
+import {
+  Cause,
+  Clock,
+  Context,
+  Duration,
+  Effect,
+  Exit,
+  Layer,
+  Schedule,
+  Schema,
+  Scope,
+  SynchronizedRef,
+  Types,
+} from "effect"
 import { Credential } from "./credential"
 import { IntegrationSchema } from "./integration/schema"
 import { withStatics } from "./schema"
@@ -42,12 +54,14 @@ export const SelectPrompt = Schema.Struct({
   type: Schema.Literal("select"),
   key: Schema.String,
   message: Schema.String,
-  options: Schema.Array(
-    Schema.Struct({
-      label: Schema.String,
-      value: Schema.String,
-      hint: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-    }),
+  options: Schema.mutable(
+    Schema.Array(
+      Schema.Struct({
+        label: Schema.String,
+        value: Schema.String,
+        hint: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
+      }),
+    ),
   ),
   when: Schema.optional(When),
 }).annotate({ identifier: "Integration.SelectPrompt" })
@@ -60,7 +74,7 @@ export const OAuthMethod = Schema.Struct({
   id: MethodID,
   type: Schema.Literal("oauth"),
   label: Schema.String,
-  prompts: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(Prompt)),
+  prompts: Schema.optional(Schema.mutable(Schema.Array(Prompt))),
 }).annotate({ identifier: "Integration.OAuthMethod" })
 export type OAuthMethod = typeof OAuthMethod.Type
 
@@ -72,7 +86,7 @@ export type KeyMethod = typeof KeyMethod.Type
 
 export const EnvMethod = Schema.Struct({
   type: Schema.Literal("env"),
-  names: Schema.Array(Schema.String),
+  names: Schema.mutable(Schema.Array(Schema.String)),
 }).annotate({ identifier: "Integration.EnvMethod" })
 export type EnvMethod = typeof EnvMethod.Type
 
@@ -82,8 +96,8 @@ export type Method = typeof Method.Type
 export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("Integration.Info")({
   id: ID,
   name: Schema.String,
-  methods: Schema.Array(Method),
-  connections: Schema.Array(IntegrationConnection.Info),
+  methods: Schema.mutable(Schema.Array(Method)),
+  connections: Schema.mutable(Schema.Array(IntegrationConnection.Info)),
 }) {}
 
 export type Inputs = Readonly<{ [key: string]: string }>
@@ -94,11 +108,11 @@ export type OAuthAuthorization = {
 } & (
   | {
       readonly mode: "auto"
-      readonly callback: Effect.Effect<Credential.Info, unknown>
+      readonly callback: Effect.Effect<Credential.Value, unknown>
     }
   | {
       readonly mode: "code"
-      readonly callback: (code: string) => Effect.Effect<Credential.Info, unknown>
+      readonly callback: (code: string) => Effect.Effect<Credential.Value, unknown>
     }
 )
 
@@ -154,7 +168,7 @@ export class CodeRequiredError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<CodeRequiredError
 }) {}
 
 export class AuthorizationError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AuthorizationError>()("Integration.Authorization", {
-  cause: Schema.Defect,
+  cause: Schema.Defect(),
 }) {}
 
 export type Error = CodeRequiredError | AuthorizationError
@@ -172,19 +186,19 @@ export type Ref = {
 }
 
 type Entry = {
-  ref: Ref
-  methods: Method[]
-  implementations: Map<MethodID, OAuthImplementation>
+  ref: Types.DeepMutable<Ref>
+  methods: Types.DeepMutable<Method>[]
+  implementations: Map<MethodID, Types.DeepMutable<OAuthImplementation>>
 }
 
 type Data = {
   integrations: Map<ID, Entry>
 }
 
-export type Editor = {
+export type Draft = {
   list: () => readonly Ref[]
   get: (id: ID) => Ref | undefined
-  update: (id: ID, update: (integration: Draft<Ref>) => void) => void
+  update: (id: ID, update: (integration: Types.DeepMutable<Ref>) => void) => void
   remove: (id: ID) => void
   method: {
     list: (integrationID: ID) => readonly Method[]
@@ -193,18 +207,13 @@ export type Editor = {
   }
 }
 
-export interface Interface {
+export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
   /** Registers a scoped transform over the integration registry. */
-  readonly transform: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["transform"]
-  /** Registers and immediately applies a scoped integration registry update. */
-  readonly update: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["update"]
   /** Returns one integration with its methods and current connections. */
   readonly get: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<Info | undefined>
   /** Returns all integrations with their methods and current connections. */
   readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
   readonly connection: {
-    /** Returns active connections for every registered or credential-backed integration. */
-    readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Map<ID, IntegrationConnection.Info>>
     /** Returns the active connection for one integration. */
     readonly forIntegration: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<IntegrationConnection.Info | undefined>
     /** Runs a key method and stores the resulting credential. */
@@ -230,7 +239,7 @@ export interface Interface {
     /** Updates a stored credential exposed as a connection. */
     readonly update: (
       credentialID: Credential.ID,
-      updates: Partial<Pick<Credential.Stored, "label">>,
+      updates: Partial<Pick<Credential.Info, "label">>,
     ) => Effect.Effect<void>
     /** Removes a stored credential connection. */
     readonly remove: (credentialID: Credential.ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
@@ -252,8 +261,6 @@ export interface Interface {
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/Integration") {}
 
-enableMapSet()
-
 const attemptLifetime = Duration.toMillis(Duration.minutes(10))
 const terminalRetention = Duration.toMillis(Duration.minutes(1))
 const scrubInterval = Duration.seconds(30)
@@ -284,15 +291,17 @@ export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
     const events = yield* EventV2.Service
     const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
     const attempts = SynchronizedRef.makeUnsafe(new Map<AttemptID, AttemptEntry>())
-    const state = State.create<Data, Editor>({
+    const state = State.create<Data, Draft>({
       initial: () => ({ integrations: new Map<ID, Entry>() }),
-      editor: (draft) => ({
+      draft: (draft) => ({
         list: () => Array.from(draft.integrations.values(), (entry) => entry.ref) as Ref[],
         get: (id) => draft.integrations.get(id)?.ref as Ref | undefined,
         update: (id, update) => {
-          const current =
-            draft.integrations.get(id) ??
-            castDraft({ ref: { id, name: id } as Ref, methods: [], implementations: new Map() })
+          const current = draft.integrations.get(id) ?? {
+            ref: { id, name: id },
+            methods: [],
+            implementations: new Map(),
+          }
           if (!draft.integrations.has(id)) draft.integrations.set(id, current)
           update(current.ref)
           current.ref.id = id
@@ -301,16 +310,14 @@ export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
         method: {
           list: (integrationID) => (draft.integrations.get(integrationID)?.methods as Method[] | undefined) ?? [],
           update: (implementation) => {
-            const current =
-              draft.integrations.get(implementation.integrationID) ??
-              castDraft({
-                ref: {
-                  id: implementation.integrationID,
-                  name: implementation.integrationID,
-                } as Ref,
-                methods: [],
-                implementations: new Map<MethodID, OAuthImplementation>(),
-              })
+            const current = draft.integrations.get(implementation.integrationID) ?? {
+              ref: {
+                id: implementation.integrationID,
+                name: implementation.integrationID,
+              },
+              methods: [],
+              implementations: new Map<MethodID, Types.DeepMutable<OAuthImplementation>>(),
+            }
             if (!draft.integrations.has(implementation.integrationID)) {
               draft.integrations.set(implementation.integrationID, current)
             }
@@ -319,10 +326,13 @@ export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
               if (method.type !== "oauth" || implementation.method.type !== "oauth") return true
               return method.id === implementation.method.id
             })
-            if (index === -1) current.methods.push(castDraft(implementation.method))
-            else current.methods[index] = castDraft(implementation.method)
-            if (isOAuthImplementation(implementation)) {
-              current.implementations.set(implementation.method.id, castDraft(implementation))
+            if (index === -1) current.methods.push(implementation.method as Types.DeepMutable<Method>)
+            else current.methods[index] = implementation.method as Types.DeepMutable<Method>
+            if (implementation.method.type === "oauth") {
+              current.implementations.set(
+                implementation.method.id,
+                implementation as Types.DeepMutable<OAuthImplementation>,
+              )
             }
           },
           remove: (integrationID, method) => {
@@ -341,39 +351,27 @@ export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
       finalize: () => events.publish(Event.Updated, {}).pipe(Effect.asVoid),
     })
 
-    const connections = (entry: Entry, saved: readonly Credential.Stored[]): IntegrationConnection.Info[] => {
-      const connected = saved.map((credential) => ({
-        type: "credential" as const,
-        id: credential.id,
-        label: credential.label,
-      }))
-      const detected = entry.methods
+    const resolveConnections = (entry: Entry | undefined, saved: readonly Credential.Info[]) => {
+      const credentials = saved
+        .map((credential) => ({
+          type: "credential" as const,
+          id: credential.id,
+          label: credential.label,
+        }))
+        .toReversed()
+      const env = (entry?.methods ?? [])
         .filter((method) => method.type === "env")
         .flatMap((method) => method.names.filter((name) => process.env[name]))
         .map((name) => ({ type: "env" as const, name }))
-      return [...connected, ...detected]
+      return [...credentials, ...env]
     }
 
-    const activeConnection = (
-      entry: Entry | undefined,
-      saved: readonly Credential.Stored[],
-    ): IntegrationConnection.Info | undefined => {
-      const credential = saved.at(-1)
-      if (credential) return { type: "credential", id: credential.id, label: credential.label }
-      if (!entry) return
-      const name = entry.methods
-        .filter((method) => method.type === "env")
-        .flatMap((method) => method.names)
-        .find((name) => process.env[name])
-      if (name) return { type: "env", name }
-    }
-
-    const project = (entry: Entry, saved: readonly Credential.Stored[]) =>
+    const project = (entry: Entry, connections: IntegrationConnection.Info[]) =>
       new Info({
         id: entry.ref.id,
         name: entry.ref.name,
         methods: entry.methods,
-        connections: connections(entry, saved),
+        connections,
       })
 
     const authorize = <A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) =>
@@ -387,7 +385,7 @@ export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
       return error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
     }
 
-    const settle = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (attemptID: AttemptID, exit: Exit.Exit<Credential.Info, unknown>) {
+    const settle = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (attemptID: AttemptID, exit: Exit.Exit<Credential.Value, unknown>) {
       const now = yield* Clock.currentTimeMillis
       const result = yield* SynchronizedRef.modify(attempts, (current) => {
         const attempt = current.get(attemptID)
@@ -434,32 +432,22 @@ export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
 
     return Service.of({
       transform: state.transform,
-      update: state.update,
+      reload: state.reload,
       get: Effect.fn("Integration.get")(function* (id) {
         const entry = state.get().integrations.get(id)
         if (!entry) return undefined
-        return project(entry, yield* credentials.list(id))
+        return project(entry, resolveConnections(entry, yield* credentials.list(id)))
       }),
       list: Effect.fn("Integration.list")(function* () {
-        return (yield* Effect.forEach(state.get().integrations.values(), (entry) =>
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            return project(entry, yield* credentials.list(entry.ref.id))
-          }),
-        )).toSorted((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name))
+        const saved = Map.groupBy(yield* credentials.all(), (credential) => credential.integrationID)
+        return Array.from(state.get().integrations.values(), (entry) =>
+          project(entry, resolveConnections(entry, saved.get(entry.ref.id) ?? [])),
+        ).toSorted((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name))
       }),
       connection: {
-        list: Effect.fn("Integration.connection.list")(function* () {
-          const saved = Map.groupBy(yield* credentials.all(), (credential) => credential.integrationID)
-          return new Map(
-            new Set([...state.get().integrations.keys(), ...saved.keys()]).values().flatMap((id) => {
-              const connection = activeConnection(state.get().integrations.get(id), saved.get(id) ?? [])
-              return connection ? [[id, connection] as const] : []
-            }),
-          )
-        }),
         forIntegration: Effect.fn("Integration.connection.forIntegration")(function* (id) {
           const entry = state.get().integrations.get(id)
-          return activeConnection(entry, yield* credentials.list(id))
+          return resolveConnections(entry, yield* credentials.list(id))[0]
         }),
         key: Effect.fn("Integration.connection.key")(function* (input) {
           const method = state
diff --git a/packages/core/src/location-layer.ts b/packages/core/src/location-layer.ts
index cdaefe2cff1..89ca9500257 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/location-layer.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/location-layer.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { Catalog } from "./catalog"
 import { Integration } from "./integration"
 import { CommandV2 } from "./command"
 import { AgentV2 } from "./agent"
-import { PluginBoot } from "./plugin/boot"
+import { PluginInternal } from "./plugin/internal"
 import { Project } from "./project"
 import { ProjectCopy } from "./project/copy"
 import { ProjectDirectories } from "./project/directories"
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ export class LocationServiceMap extends LayerMap.Service<LocationServiceMap>()("
       Integration.locationLayer,
       CommandV2.locationLayer,
       AgentV2.locationLayer,
-      PluginBoot.locationLayer,
+      PluginInternal.locationLayer,
       ProjectCopy.locationLayer,
       FileSystem.locationLayer,
       Watcher.locationLayer,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/model-request.ts b/packages/core/src/model-request.ts
index f9f4f56936d..5de1f9803dc 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/model-request.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/model-request.ts
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ export type Request = typeof Request.Type
 interface MutableRequest {
   headers: Record<string, string>
   body: Record<string, unknown>
-  generation?: Generation
+  generation?: Record<string, unknown>
   options?: Record<string, unknown>
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/model.ts b/packages/core/src/model.ts
index 3b0beece55f..8a06229e040 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/model.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/model.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-import { DateTime, Schema } from "effect"
-import { DateTimeUtcFromMillis } from "effect/Schema"
+import { Schema, Types } from "effect"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "./provider"
 import { ModelRequest } from "./model-request"
 
@@ -16,8 +15,8 @@ export type Family = typeof Family.Type
 export const Capabilities = Schema.Struct({
   tools: Schema.Boolean,
   // mime patterns, image, audio, video/*, text/*
-  input: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.Array),
-  output: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.Array),
+  input: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.Array, Schema.mutable),
+  output: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.Array, Schema.mutable),
 })
 export type Capabilities = typeof Capabilities.Type
 
@@ -67,11 +66,11 @@ export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("ModelV2.Info")({
   variants: Schema.Struct({
     id: VariantID,
     ...ModelRequest.Request.fields,
-  }).pipe(Schema.Array),
+  }).pipe(Schema.Array, Schema.mutable),
   time: Schema.Struct({
-    released: DateTimeUtcFromMillis,
+    released: Schema.Finite,
   }),
-  cost: Cost.pipe(Schema.Array),
+  cost: Cost.pipe(Schema.Array, Schema.mutable),
   status: Schema.Literals(["alpha", "beta", "deprecated", "active"]),
   enabled: Schema.Boolean,
   limit: Schema.Struct({
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("ModelV2.Info")({
       },
       variants: [],
       time: {
-        released: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0),
+        released: 0,
       },
       cost: [],
       status: "active",
@@ -116,6 +115,10 @@ export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("ModelV2.Info")({
   }
 }
 
+export type MutableInfo = Omit<Types.DeepMutable<Info>, "api"> & {
+  api: ProviderV2.MutableApi<Api>
+}
+
 export function parse(input: string): { providerID: ProviderV2.ID; modelID: ID } {
   const [providerID, ...modelID] = input.split("/")
   return {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/npm.ts b/packages/core/src/npm.ts
index f3398e83911..3ad8beb0a77 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/npm.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/npm.ts
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ import { NpmConfig } from "./npm-config"
 export class InstallFailedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<InstallFailedError>()("NpmInstallFailedError", {
   add: Schema.Array(Schema.String).pipe(Schema.optional),
   dir: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export interface EntryPoint {
   readonly directory: string
-  readonly entrypoint: Option.Option<string>
+  readonly entrypoint?: string
 }
 
 export interface Interface {
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export interface Interface {
       }[]
     },
   ) => Effect.Effect<void, EffectFlock.LockError | InstallFailedError>
-  readonly which: (pkg: string, bin?: string) => Effect.Effect<Option.Option<string>>
+  readonly which: (pkg: string, bin?: string) => Effect.Effect<string | undefined>
 }
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Npm") {}
@@ -47,12 +47,11 @@ export function sanitize(pkg: string) {
 }
 
 const resolveEntryPoint = (name: string, dir: string): EntryPoint => {
-  let entrypoint: Option.Option<string>
+  let entrypoint: string | undefined
   try {
-    const resolved = typeof Bun !== "undefined" ? import.meta.resolve(name, dir) : import.meta.resolve(dir)
-    entrypoint = Option.some(resolved)
+    entrypoint = typeof Bun !== "undefined" ? import.meta.resolve(name, dir) : import.meta.resolve(dir)
   } catch {
-    entrypoint = Option.none()
+    entrypoint = undefined
   }
   return {
     directory: dir,
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       const first = tree.edgesOut.values().next().value?.to
       if (!first) {
         const result = resolveEntryPoint(name, path.join(dir, "node_modules", name))
-        if (Option.isSome(result.entrypoint)) return result
+        if (result.entrypoint) return result
         return yield* new InstallFailedError({ add: [pkg], dir })
       }
       return resolveEntryPoint(first.name, first.path)
@@ -219,22 +218,24 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         return Option.some(files[0])
       })
 
-      return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const bin = yield* pick()
-        if (Option.isSome(bin)) {
-          return Option.some(path.join(binDir, bin.value))
-        }
+      return Option.getOrUndefined(
+        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const bin = yield* pick()
+          if (Option.isSome(bin)) {
+            return Option.some(path.join(binDir, bin.value))
+          }
 
-        yield* fs.remove(path.join(dir, "package-lock.json")).pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => {}))
+          yield* fs.remove(path.join(dir, "package-lock.json")).pipe(Effect.orElseSucceed(() => {}))
 
-        yield* add(pkg)
+          yield* add(pkg)
 
-        const resolved = yield* pick()
-        if (Option.isNone(resolved)) return Option.none<string>()
-        return Option.some(path.join(binDir, resolved.value))
-      }).pipe(
-        Effect.scoped,
-        Effect.orElseSucceed(() => Option.none<string>()),
+          const resolved = yield* pick()
+          if (Option.isNone(resolved)) return Option.none<string>()
+          return Option.some(path.join(binDir, resolved.value))
+        }).pipe(
+          Effect.scoped,
+          Effect.orElseSucceed(() => Option.none<string>()),
+        ),
       )
     })
 
@@ -261,14 +262,9 @@ export async function install(...args: Parameters<Interface["install"]>) {
 }
 
 export async function add(...args: Parameters<Interface["add"]>) {
-  const entry = await runPromise((svc) => svc.add(...args))
-  return {
-    directory: entry.directory,
-    entrypoint: Option.getOrUndefined(entry.entrypoint),
-  }
+  return runPromise((svc) => svc.add(...args))
 }
 
 export async function which(...args: Parameters<Interface["which"]>) {
-  const resolved = await runPromise((svc) => svc.which(...args))
-  return Option.getOrUndefined(resolved)
+  return runPromise((svc) => svc.which(...args))
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/permission/schema.ts b/packages/core/src/permission/schema.ts
index 2d806dbd8c5..9fde8ef8ec1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/permission/schema.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/permission/schema.ts
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ export const Rule = Schema.Struct({
 }).annotate({ identifier: "PermissionV2.Rule" })
 export type Rule = typeof Rule.Type
 
-export const Ruleset = Schema.Array(Rule).annotate({ identifier: "PermissionV2.Ruleset" })
+export const Ruleset = Schema.mutable(Schema.Array(Rule)).annotate({ identifier: "PermissionV2.Ruleset" })
 export type Ruleset = typeof Ruleset.Type
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin.ts
index aaef65d3227..4bb40934a21 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,18 @@
 export * as PluginV2 from "./plugin"
 
-import { createDraft, finishDraft, type Draft } from "immer"
-import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
-import { Context, Effect, Exit, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
-import type { ModelV2 } from "./model"
-import type { Catalog } from "./catalog"
+import { Context, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
+import type { Plugin } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "./agent"
+import { AISDK } from "./aisdk"
+import { Catalog } from "./catalog"
+import { CommandV2 } from "./command"
 import { EventV2 } from "./event"
+import { Integration } from "./integration"
 import { KeyedMutex } from "./effect/keyed-mutex"
+import { PluginHost } from "./plugin/host"
+import { Reference } from "./reference"
+import { SkillV2 } from "./skill"
+import { State } from "./state"
 
 export const ID = Schema.String.pipe(Schema.brand("Plugin.ID"))
 export type ID = typeof ID.Type
@@ -20,71 +26,10 @@ export const Event = {
   }),
 }
 
-type HookSpec = {
-  "catalog.transform": {
-    input: Catalog.Editor
-    output: {}
-  }
-  "aisdk.language": {
-    input: {
-      model: ModelV2.Info
-      sdk: any
-      options: Record<string, any>
-    }
-    output: {
-      language?: LanguageModelV3
-    }
-  }
-  "aisdk.sdk": {
-    input: {
-      model: ModelV2.Info
-      package: string
-      options: Record<string, any>
-    }
-    output: {
-      sdk?: any
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export type Hooks = {
-  [Name in keyof HookSpec]: Readonly<HookSpec[Name]["input"]> & {
-    -readonly [Field in keyof HookSpec[Name]["output"]]: HookSpec[Name]["output"][Field] extends object
-      ? Draft<HookSpec[Name]["output"][Field]>
-      : HookSpec[Name]["output"][Field]
-  }
-}
-
-export type HookFunctions = {
-  [key in keyof Hooks]?: (input: Hooks[key]) => Effect.Effect<void>
-}
-
-export type HookInput<Name extends keyof Hooks> = HookSpec[Name]["input"]
-export type HookOutput<Name extends keyof Hooks> = HookSpec[Name]["output"]
-
-export type Effect<R = never> = Effect.Effect<HookFunctions | void, never, R | Scope.Scope>
-
-export function define<R>(input: { id: ID; effect: Effect.Effect<HookFunctions | void, never, R> }) {
-  return input
-}
-
 export interface Interface {
-  readonly add: (input: {
-    id: ID
-    effect: Effect.Effect<void | HookFunctions, never, Scope.Scope>
-  }) => Effect.Effect<void, never, never>
+  readonly add: (id: ID, effect: Plugin["effect"]) => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly remove: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  readonly triggerFor: <Name extends keyof Hooks>(
-    id: ID,
-    name: Name,
-    input: HookInput<Name>,
-    output: HookOutput<Name>,
-  ) => Effect.Effect<HookInput<Name> & HookOutput<Name>>
-  readonly trigger: <Name extends keyof Hooks>(
-    name: Name,
-    input: HookInput<Name>,
-    output: HookOutput<Name>,
-  ) => Effect.Effect<HookInput<Name> & HookOutput<Name>>
+  readonly wait: (id: ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/Plugin") {}
@@ -92,95 +37,123 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    let hooks: {
-      id: ID
-      hooks: HookFunctions
-      scope: Scope.Closeable
-    }[] = []
     const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-    const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
     const locks = KeyedMutex.makeUnsafe<ID>()
+    const scope = yield* Scope.make()
+    const active = new Map<ID, Scope.Closeable>()
+    const loading = new Set<ID>()
+    const waiters = new Map<ID, Set<Deferred.Deferred<void>>>()
+    const failures = new Map<ID, Exit.Exit<void, never>>()
+    let host: Parameters<Plugin["effect"]>[0]
 
-    const svc = Service.of({
-      add: Effect.fn("Plugin.add")(function* (input) {
-        yield* locks.withLock(input.id)(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const existing = hooks.find((item) => item.id === input.id)
-            if (existing) yield* Scope.close(existing.scope, Exit.void).pipe(Effect.ignore)
-            const childScope = yield* Scope.fork(scope)
-            const result = yield* input.effect.pipe(
-              Scope.provide(childScope),
-              Effect.withSpan("Plugin.load", {
-                attributes: {
-                  "plugin.id": input.id,
-                },
+    const add = Effect.fn("Plugin.add")(function* (id: ID, effect: Plugin["effect"]) {
+      if (loading.has(id)) return yield* Effect.die(`Plugin load cycle detected for ${id}`)
+
+      yield* locks.withLock(id)(
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          loading.add(id)
+          failures.delete(id)
+        }).pipe(
+          Effect.andThen(
+            State.batch(
+              Effect.gen(function* () {
+                const existing = active.get(id)
+                active.delete(id)
+                if (existing) yield* Scope.close(existing, Exit.void).pipe(Effect.ignore)
+
+                const child = yield* Scope.fork(scope)
+                yield* effect(host).pipe(
+                  Scope.provide(child),
+                  Effect.withSpan("Plugin.load", { attributes: { "plugin.id": id } }),
+                  Effect.onExit((exit) => (Exit.isFailure(exit) ? Scope.close(child, exit) : Effect.void)),
+                )
+                yield* events.publish(Event.Added, { id })
+                active.set(id, child)
+                yield* Effect.forEach(waiters.get(id) ?? [], (waiter) => Deferred.succeed(waiter, undefined), {
+                  discard: true,
+                })
+                waiters.delete(id)
               }),
-              Effect.onExit((exit) => (Exit.isFailure(exit) ? Scope.close(childScope, exit) : Effect.void)),
-            )
-            hooks = [
-              ...hooks.filter((item) => item.id !== input.id),
-              {
-                id: input.id,
-                hooks: result ?? {},
-                scope: childScope,
-              },
-            ]
-            yield* events.publish(Event.Added, { id: input.id })
+            ),
+          ),
+          Effect.onExit((exit) => {
+            if (Exit.isSuccess(exit)) return Effect.void
+            failures.set(id, exit)
+            return Effect.forEach(waiters.get(id) ?? [], (waiter) => Deferred.done(waiter, exit), {
+              discard: true,
+            }).pipe(Effect.ensuring(Effect.sync(() => waiters.delete(id))))
           }),
-        )
-      }),
-      trigger: Effect.fn("Plugin.trigger")(function* (name, input, output) {
-        return yield* svc.triggerFor(ID.make("*"), name, input, output)
-      }),
-      triggerFor: Effect.fn("Plugin.triggerFor")(function* (id, name, input, output) {
-        const draftEntries = new Map<string, ReturnType<typeof createDraft>>()
-        const event = {
-          ...input,
-          ...output,
-        } as Record<string, unknown>
-
-        for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(output)) {
-          if (value && typeof value === "object") {
-            draftEntries.set(field, createDraft(value))
-            event[field] = draftEntries.get(field)
-          }
-        }
-
-        for (const item of hooks) {
-          if (id !== ID.make("*") && item.id !== id) continue
-          const match = item.hooks[name]
-          if (!match) continue
-          yield* match(event as any).pipe(
-            Effect.withSpan(`Plugin.hook.${name}`, {
-              attributes: {
-                plugin: item.id,
-                hook: name,
-              },
-            }),
-          )
-        }
-
-        for (const [field, draft] of draftEntries) {
-          event[field] = finishDraft(draft)
-        }
-
-        return event as any
-      }),
-      remove: Effect.fn("Plugin.remove")(function* (id) {
-        yield* locks.withLock(id)(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const existing = hooks.find((item) => item.id === id)
-            hooks = hooks.filter((item) => item.id !== id)
-            if (existing) yield* Scope.close(existing.scope, Exit.void).pipe(Effect.ignore)
-          }),
-        )
-      }),
+          Effect.ensuring(Effect.sync(() => loading.delete(id))),
+        ),
+      )
     })
-    return svc
+
+    const remove = Effect.fn("Plugin.remove")(function* (id: ID) {
+      if (loading.has(id)) return yield* Effect.die(`Cannot remove plugin ${id} while it is loading`)
+
+      yield* locks.withLock(id)(
+        State.batch(
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const current = active.get(id)
+            active.delete(id)
+            failures.delete(id)
+            if (current) yield* Scope.close(current, Exit.void).pipe(Effect.ignore)
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+    })
+
+    const wait = Effect.fn("Plugin.wait")(function* (id: ID) {
+      const waiter = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const pending = yield* locks.withLock(id)(
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          if (active.has(id)) return false
+          const failure = failures.get(id)
+          if (failure) return failure
+          const current = waiters.get(id) ?? new Set()
+          current.add(waiter)
+          waiters.set(id, current)
+          return true
+        }),
+      )
+      if (!pending) return
+      if (typeof pending !== "boolean") return yield* pending
+      yield* Deferred.await(waiter).pipe(
+        Effect.ensuring(
+          locks.withLock(id)(
+            Effect.sync(() => {
+              const current = waiters.get(id)
+              current?.delete(waiter)
+              if (current?.size === 0) waiters.delete(id)
+            }),
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+    })
+
+    yield* Effect.addFinalizer((exit) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        active.clear()
+        yield* State.batch(Scope.close(scope, exit))
+      }),
+    )
+
+    const service = Service.of({
+      add,
+      remove,
+      wait,
+    })
+    host = yield* PluginHost.make(service)
+    return service
   }),
 )
 
-export const locationLayer = layer
-
-// opencode
-// sdcok
+export const locationLayer = layer.pipe(
+  Layer.provideMerge(AgentV2.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(AISDK.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(Catalog.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(CommandV2.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(Integration.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(Reference.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(SkillV2.locationLayer),
+)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/agent.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/agent.ts
index e8a8d8bc9d6..9a763c7ea9b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/agent.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 export * as AgentPlugin from "./agent"
 
 import path from "path"
+import { define } from "./internal"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { AgentV2 } from "../agent"
 import { Global } from "../global"
 import { Location } from "../location"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "../permission"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../plugin"
 
 const TRUNCATION_GLOB = path.join(Global.Path.data, "tool-output", "*")
 const BUILD_SYSTEM =
@@ -97,10 +97,9 @@ Rules:
 - If the conversation ends with an unanswered question to the user, preserve that exact question
 - If the conversation ends with an imperative statement or request to the user (e.g. "Now please run the command and paste the console output"), always include that exact request in the summary`
 
-export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("agent"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "agent",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const location = yield* Location.Service
     const worktree = location.directory
     const whitelistedDirs = [TRUNCATION_GLOB, path.join(Global.Path.tmp, "*")]
@@ -122,8 +121,8 @@ export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
       { action: "read", resource: "*.env.example", effect: "allow" },
     ]
 
-    yield* agent.update((editor) => {
-      editor.update(AgentV2.defaultID, (item) => {
+    yield* ctx.agent.transform((draft) => {
+      draft.update(AgentV2.defaultID, (item) => {
         item.description = "The default agent. Executes tools based on configured permissions."
         item.system ??= BUILD_SYSTEM
         item.mode = "primary"
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
         )
       })
 
-      editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("plan"), (item) => {
+      draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make("plan"), (item) => {
         item.description = "Plan mode. Disallows all edit tools."
         item.mode = "primary"
         item.permissions.push(
@@ -154,14 +153,14 @@ export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
         )
       })
 
-      editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("general"), (item) => {
+      draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make("general"), (item) => {
         item.description =
           "General-purpose agent for researching complex questions and executing multi-step tasks. Use this agent to execute multiple units of work in parallel."
         item.mode = "subagent"
         item.permissions.push(...PermissionV2.merge(defaults, [{ action: "todowrite", resource: "*", effect: "deny" }]))
       })
 
-      editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("explore"), (item) => {
+      draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make("explore"), (item) => {
         item.description =
           'Fast agent specialized for exploring codebases. Use this when you need to quickly find files by patterns (eg. "src/components/**/*.tsx"), search code for keywords (eg. "API endpoints"), or answer questions about the codebase (eg. "how do API endpoints work?"). When calling this agent, specify the desired thoroughness level: "quick" for basic searches, "medium" for moderate exploration, or "very thorough" for comprehensive analysis across multiple locations and naming conventions.'
         item.system = PROMPT_EXPLORE
@@ -182,21 +181,21 @@ export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
         )
       })
 
-      editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("compaction"), (item) => {
+      draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make("compaction"), (item) => {
         item.mode = "primary"
         item.hidden = true
         item.system = PROMPT_COMPACTION
         item.permissions.push(...PermissionV2.merge(defaults, [{ action: "*", resource: "*", effect: "deny" }]))
       })
 
-      editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("title"), (item) => {
+      draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make("title"), (item) => {
         item.mode = "primary"
         item.hidden = true
         item.system = PROMPT_TITLE
         item.permissions.push(...PermissionV2.merge(defaults, [{ action: "*", resource: "*", effect: "deny" }]))
       })
 
-      editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("summary"), (item) => {
+      draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make("summary"), (item) => {
         item.mode = "primary"
         item.hidden = true
         item.system = PROMPT_SUMMARY
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/boot.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/boot.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index cc7b0c247a9..00000000000
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/boot.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-export * as PluginBoot from "./boot"
-
-import { Context, Deferred, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { Credential } from "../credential"
-import { Integration } from "../integration"
-import { AgentV2 } from "../agent"
-import { Catalog } from "../catalog"
-import { CommandV2 } from "../command"
-import { Config } from "../config"
-import { ConfigAgentPlugin } from "../config/plugin/agent"
-import { ConfigCommandPlugin } from "../config/plugin/command"
-import { ConfigSkillPlugin } from "../config/plugin/skill"
-import { ConfigReferencePlugin } from "../config/plugin/reference"
-import { EventV2 } from "../event"
-import { FSUtil } from "../fs-util"
-import { Global } from "../global"
-import { Location } from "../location"
-import { ModelsDev } from "../models-dev"
-import { Npm } from "../npm"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../plugin"
-import { AgentPlugin } from "./agent"
-import { CommandPlugin } from "./command"
-import { SkillPlugin } from "./skill"
-import { ConfigProviderPlugin } from "../config/plugin/provider"
-import { ModelsDevPlugin } from "./models-dev"
-import { ProviderPlugins } from "./provider"
-import { SkillV2 } from "../skill"
-import { Reference } from "../reference"
-
-type Plugin = {
-  id: PluginV2.ID
-  effect: PluginV2.Effect<
-    | Catalog.Service
-    | CommandV2.Service
-    | Credential.Service
-    | Integration.Service
-    | AgentV2.Service
-    | Npm.Service
-    | EventV2.Service
-    | FSUtil.Service
-    | Global.Service
-    | Location.Service
-    | PluginV2.Service
-    | Config.Service
-    | ModelsDev.Service
-    | SkillV2.Service
-    | Reference.Service
-  >
-}
-
-export interface Interface {
-  readonly wait: () => Effect.Effect<void>
-}
-
-export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/PluginBoot") {}
-
-export const layer = Layer.effect(
-  Service,
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-    const commands = yield* CommandV2.Service
-    const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-    const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
-    const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
-    const config = yield* Config.Service
-    const location = yield* Location.Service
-    const modelsDev = yield* ModelsDev.Service
-    const npm = yield* Npm.Service
-    const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-    const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
-    const global = yield* Global.Service
-    const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
-    const references = yield* Reference.Service
-    const done = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-
-    const add = Effect.fn("PluginBoot.add")(function* (input: Plugin) {
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: input.id,
-        effect: input.effect.pipe(
-          Effect.provideService(Catalog.Service, catalog),
-          Effect.provideService(CommandV2.Service, commands),
-          Effect.provideService(Credential.Service, credentials),
-          Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations),
-          Effect.provideService(AgentV2.Service, agents),
-          Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-          Effect.provideService(Location.Service, location),
-          Effect.provideService(ModelsDev.Service, modelsDev),
-          Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm),
-          Effect.provideService(EventV2.Service, events),
-          Effect.provideService(FSUtil.Service, fs),
-          Effect.provideService(Global.Service, global),
-          Effect.provideService(SkillV2.Service, skill),
-          Effect.provideService(Reference.Service, references),
-          Effect.provideService(PluginV2.Service, plugin),
-        ),
-      })
-    })
-
-    const boot = Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* add(AgentPlugin.Plugin)
-      yield* add(CommandPlugin.Plugin)
-      yield* add(SkillPlugin.Plugin)
-      for (const item of ProviderPlugins) {
-        yield* add(item)
-      }
-      yield* add(ModelsDevPlugin)
-      yield* add(ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin)
-      yield* add(ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin)
-      yield* add(ConfigCommandPlugin.Plugin)
-      yield* add(ConfigSkillPlugin.Plugin)
-      yield* add(ConfigReferencePlugin.Plugin)
-    }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("PluginBoot.boot"))
-
-    yield* boot.pipe(
-      Effect.exit,
-      Effect.flatMap((exit) => Deferred.done(done, exit)),
-      Effect.forkScoped,
-    )
-
-    return Service.of({
-      wait: () => Deferred.await(done),
-    })
-  }),
-)
-
-export const locationLayer = layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provideMerge(Integration.locationLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(Catalog.locationLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(CommandV2.locationLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(Config.locationLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(AgentV2.locationLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(SkillV2.locationLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(Reference.locationLayer),
-)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/command.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/command.ts
index 66386a2128e..cbafd68b502 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/command.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/command.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,21 @@
 export * as CommandPlugin from "./command"
 
+import { define } from "./internal"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { CommandV2 } from "../command"
 import { Location } from "../location"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../plugin"
 import PROMPT_INITIALIZE from "./command/initialize.txt"
 import PROMPT_REVIEW from "./command/review.txt"
 
-export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("command"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const command = yield* CommandV2.Service
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "command",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const location = yield* Location.Service
-    const transform = yield* command.transform()
-
-    yield* transform((editor) => {
-      editor.update("init", (command) => {
+    yield* ctx.command.transform((draft) => {
+      draft.update("init", (command) => {
         command.template = PROMPT_INITIALIZE.replace("${path}", location.project.directory)
         command.description = "guided AGENTS.md setup"
       })
-      editor.update("review", (command) => {
+      draft.update("review", (command) => {
         command.template = PROMPT_REVIEW.replace("${path}", location.project.directory)
         command.description = "review changes [commit|branch|pr], defaults to uncommitted"
         command.subtask = true
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/host.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/host.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f6c0e24e020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/host.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+export * as PluginHost from "./host"
+
+import type { PluginContext as Interface } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "../agent"
+import { AISDK } from "../aisdk"
+import { Catalog } from "../catalog"
+import { CommandV2 } from "../command"
+import { Integration } from "../integration"
+import { ModelV2 } from "../model"
+import { PluginV2 } from "../plugin"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "../provider"
+import { Reference } from "../reference"
+import { SkillV2 } from "../skill"
+
+export const make = Effect.fn("PluginHost.make")(function* (plugin: PluginV2.Interface) {
+  const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
+  const commands = yield* CommandV2.Service
+  const integration = yield* Integration.Service
+  const reference = yield* Reference.Service
+  const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
+
+  return {
+    options: {},
+    agent: {
+      reload: agents.reload,
+      transform: (callback) =>
+        agents.transform((draft) =>
+          callback({
+            list: draft.list,
+            get: (id) => draft.get(AgentV2.ID.make(id)),
+            default: (id) => draft.default(id === undefined ? undefined : AgentV2.ID.make(id)),
+            update: (id, update) => draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make(id), update),
+            remove: (id) => draft.remove(AgentV2.ID.make(id)),
+          }),
+        ),
+    },
+    aisdk: {
+      sdk: (callback) =>
+        aisdk.hook.sdk((event) => {
+          const output = {
+            model: event.model,
+            package: event.package,
+            options: event.options,
+            sdk: event.sdk,
+          }
+          const result = callback(output)
+          return Effect.suspend(() => (Effect.isEffect(result) ? result : Effect.void)).pipe(
+            Effect.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => (event.sdk = output.sdk))),
+          )
+        }),
+      language: (callback) =>
+        aisdk.hook.language((event) => {
+          const output = {
+            model: event.model,
+            sdk: event.sdk,
+            options: event.options,
+            language: event.language,
+          }
+          const result = callback(output)
+          return Effect.suspend(() => (Effect.isEffect(result) ? result : Effect.void)).pipe(
+            Effect.tap(() => Effect.sync(() => (event.language = output.language))),
+          )
+        }),
+    },
+    catalog: {
+      reload: catalog.reload,
+      transform: (callback) =>
+        catalog.transform((draft) =>
+          callback({
+            provider: {
+              list: draft.provider.list,
+              get: (id) => draft.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make(id)),
+              update: (id, update) => draft.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make(id), update),
+              remove: (id) => draft.provider.remove(ProviderV2.ID.make(id)),
+            },
+            model: {
+              get: (providerID, modelID) => draft.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
+              update: (providerID, modelID, update) =>
+                draft.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID), update),
+              remove: (providerID, modelID) =>
+                draft.model.remove(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
+              default: {
+                get: draft.model.default.get,
+                set: (providerID, modelID) =>
+                  draft.model.default.set(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
+              },
+            },
+          }),
+        ),
+    },
+    command: {
+      reload: commands.reload,
+      transform: commands.transform,
+    },
+    integration: {
+      reload: integration.reload,
+      transform: (callback) =>
+        integration.transform((draft) =>
+          callback({
+            list: draft.list,
+            get: (id) => draft.get(Integration.ID.make(id)),
+            update: (id, update) => draft.update(Integration.ID.make(id), update),
+            remove: (id) => draft.remove(Integration.ID.make(id)),
+            method: {
+              list: (id) => draft.method.list(Integration.ID.make(id)),
+              update: (input) => {
+                if (input.method.type === "env") {
+                  draft.method.update({
+                    integrationID: Integration.ID.make(input.integrationID),
+                    method: { type: "env", names: input.method.names },
+                  })
+                  return
+                }
+                draft.method.update({
+                  integrationID: Integration.ID.make(input.integrationID),
+                  method: { type: "key", label: input.method.label },
+                })
+              },
+              remove: (id, method) =>
+                draft.method.remove(Integration.ID.make(id), Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Integration.Method)(method)),
+            },
+          }),
+        ),
+    },
+    plugin: {
+      add: (input) => plugin.add(PluginV2.ID.make(input.id), input.effect),
+      remove: (id) => plugin.remove(PluginV2.ID.make(id)),
+    },
+    reference: {
+      reload: reference.reload,
+      transform: (callback) =>
+        reference.transform((draft) =>
+          callback({
+            add: (name, source) => draft.add(name, Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Reference.Source)(source)),
+            remove: draft.remove,
+            list: draft.list,
+          }),
+        ),
+    },
+    skill: {
+      reload: skill.reload,
+      transform: (callback) =>
+        skill.transform((draft) =>
+          callback({
+            source: (source) => draft.source(Schema.decodeUnknownSync(SkillV2.Source)(source)),
+            list: draft.list,
+          }),
+        ),
+    },
+  } satisfies Interface
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/internal.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/internal.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e170a85f11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/internal.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+export * as PluginInternal from "./internal"
+
+import type { PluginContext } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { Effect, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "../agent"
+import { Catalog } from "../catalog"
+import { CommandV2 } from "../command"
+import { Config } from "../config"
+import { ConfigAgentPlugin } from "../config/plugin/agent"
+import { ConfigCommandPlugin } from "../config/plugin/command"
+import { ConfigExternalPlugin } from "../config/plugin/external"
+import { ConfigProviderPlugin } from "../config/plugin/provider"
+import { ConfigReferencePlugin } from "../config/plugin/reference"
+import { ConfigSkillPlugin } from "../config/plugin/skill"
+import { EventV2 } from "../event"
+import { FileSystem } from "../filesystem"
+import { FSUtil } from "../fs-util"
+import { Global } from "../global"
+import { Integration } from "../integration"
+import { Location } from "../location"
+import { ModelsDev } from "../models-dev"
+import { Npm } from "../npm"
+import { PluginV2 } from "../plugin"
+import { Reference } from "../reference"
+import { SkillV2 } from "../skill"
+import { AgentPlugin } from "./agent"
+import { CommandPlugin } from "./command"
+import { ModelsDevPlugin } from "./models-dev"
+import { ProviderPlugins } from "./provider"
+import { SkillPlugin } from "./skill"
+
+export type Requirements =
+  | AgentV2.Service
+  | Catalog.Service
+  | CommandV2.Service
+  | Config.Service
+  | EventV2.Service
+  | FileSystem.Service
+  | FSUtil.Service
+  | Global.Service
+  | Integration.Service
+  | Location.Service
+  | ModelsDev.Service
+  | Npm.Service
+  | Reference.Service
+  | SkillV2.Service
+
+export interface Plugin<R = never> {
+  readonly id: string
+  readonly effect: (context: PluginContext) => Effect.Effect<void, never, R | Scope.Scope>
+}
+
+export function define<R>(plugin: Plugin<R>) {
+  return plugin
+}
+
+export const locationLayer = Layer.effectDiscard(
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
+    const commands = yield* CommandV2.Service
+    const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+    const integration = yield* Integration.Service
+    const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+    const config = yield* Config.Service
+    const location = yield* Location.Service
+    const modelsDev = yield* ModelsDev.Service
+    const npm = yield* Npm.Service
+    const events = yield* EventV2.Service
+    const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+    const filesystem = yield* FileSystem.Service
+    const global = yield* Global.Service
+    const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
+    const reference = yield* Reference.Service
+    const add = <R>(input: Plugin<R>) => {
+      const loaded = {
+        id: input.id,
+        effect: (context: PluginContext) =>
+          input
+            .effect(context)
+            .pipe(
+              Effect.provideService(Catalog.Service, catalog),
+              Effect.provideService(CommandV2.Service, commands),
+              Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integration),
+              Effect.provideService(AgentV2.Service, agents),
+              Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
+              Effect.provideService(Location.Service, location),
+              Effect.provideService(ModelsDev.Service, modelsDev),
+              Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm),
+              Effect.provideService(EventV2.Service, events),
+              Effect.provideService(FSUtil.Service, fs),
+              Effect.provideService(FileSystem.Service, filesystem),
+              Effect.provideService(Global.Service, global),
+              Effect.provideService(SkillV2.Service, skill),
+              Effect.provideService(Reference.Service, reference),
+            ),
+      }
+      return plugin.add(PluginV2.ID.make(loaded.id), loaded.effect)
+    }
+
+    yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* add(ConfigReferencePlugin.Plugin)
+      yield* add(AgentPlugin.Plugin)
+      yield* add(CommandPlugin.Plugin)
+      yield* add(SkillPlugin.Plugin)
+      yield* add(ModelsDevPlugin)
+      yield* add(ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin)
+      yield* add(ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin)
+      yield* add(ConfigCommandPlugin.Plugin)
+      yield* add(ConfigSkillPlugin.Plugin)
+      for (const item of ProviderPlugins) yield* add(item)
+      yield* add(ConfigExternalPlugin.Plugin)
+    }).pipe(Effect.withSpan("PluginInternal.boot"), Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }))
+  }),
+).pipe(
+  Layer.provideMerge(PluginV2.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(Config.locationLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(FileSystem.locationLayer),
+)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/models-dev.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/models-dev.ts
index a212d013ad1..04f1f092a09 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/models-dev.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/models-dev.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
-import { DateTime, Effect, Scope, Stream } from "effect"
-import { Catalog } from "../catalog"
-import { Integration } from "../integration"
+import { define } from "./internal"
+import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
 import { EventV2 } from "../event"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../model"
 import { ModelRequest } from "../model-request"
 import { ModelsDev } from "../models-dev"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../plugin"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../provider"
 
 function released(date: string) {
   const time = Date.parse(date)
-  return DateTime.makeUnsafe(Number.isFinite(time) ? time : 0)
+  return Number.isFinite(time) ? time : 0
 }
 
 function cost(input: ModelsDev.Model["cost"]) {
@@ -51,22 +49,17 @@ function variants(model: ModelsDev.Model, packageName?: string) {
   })
 }
 
-export const ModelsDevPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("models-dev"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-    const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+export const ModelsDevPlugin = define({
+  id: "models-dev",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const modelsDev = yield* ModelsDev.Service
     const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-    const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
-    const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-    const integrationTransform = yield* integrations.transform()
-    const refresh = Effect.fn("ModelsDevPlugin.refresh")(function* () {
-      const data = yield* modelsDev.get()
-      yield* integrationTransform((integrations) => {
+    yield* ctx.integration.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (integrations) {
+        const data = yield* modelsDev.get()
         for (const item of Object.values(data)) {
           if (item.env.length === 0) continue
-          const integrationID = Integration.ID.make(item.id)
+          const integrationID = item.id
           integrations.update(integrationID, (integration) => (integration.name = item.name))
           integrations.method.update({
             integrationID,
@@ -77,8 +70,11 @@ export const ModelsDevPlugin = PluginV2.define({
             method: { type: "env", names: [...item.env] },
           })
         }
-      })
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      }),
+    )
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (catalog) {
+        const data = yield* modelsDev.get()
         for (const item of Object.values(data)) {
           const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make(item.id)
           catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
@@ -132,11 +128,10 @@ export const ModelsDevPlugin = PluginV2.define({
             })
           }
         }
-      })
-    })
-    yield* refresh()
+      }),
+    )
     yield* events.subscribe(ModelsDev.Event.Refreshed).pipe(
-      Stream.runForEach(() => refresh()),
+      Stream.runForEach(() => ctx.integration.reload().pipe(Effect.andThen(ctx.catalog.reload()))),
       Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
     )
   }),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/promise.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/promise.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49a19af4c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/promise.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+export * as PluginPromise from "./promise"
+
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import type { Plugin, PluginContext, Registration } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/promise"
+import { Effect, Scope } from "effect"
+
+// The Effect host hands back this registration shape; mirror it structurally so
+// we do not have to alias the Effect package's `Registration` against the Promise one.
+type HostRegistration = { readonly dispose: Effect.Effect<void> }
+
+/**
+ * Adapts a Promise plugin into an Effect plugin so the existing Effect-only
+ * loader (`PluginV2` / `PluginInternal`) can run it unchanged.
+ *
+ * Hook registrations created during the async `setup` attach to the plugin's
+ * scope, so unloading the plugin disposes them. The captured fiber context
+ * preserves boot-time batching, so Promise-plugin transforms still coalesce
+ * into one reload per domain.
+ */
+export function fromPromise(plugin: Plugin) {
+  return define({
+    id: plugin.id,
+    effect: (host) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
+        const context = yield* Effect.context<Scope.Scope>()
+
+        // Run a hook registration on the plugin scope and resolve once it is registered.
+        const register = (effect: Effect.Effect<HostRegistration, never, Scope.Scope>): Promise<Registration> =>
+          Effect.runPromiseWith(context)(Scope.provide(scope)(effect)).then((registration) => ({
+            dispose: () => Effect.runPromiseWith(context)(registration.dispose),
+          }))
+
+        const run = (effect: Effect.Effect<void>) => Effect.runPromiseWith(context)(effect)
+
+        const transform =
+          <Draft>(domain: {
+            transform: (
+              callback: (draft: Draft) => Effect.Effect<void> | void,
+            ) => Effect.Effect<HostRegistration, never, Scope.Scope>
+          }) =>
+          (callback: (draft: Draft) => Promise<void> | void) =>
+            register(domain.transform((draft) => Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(callback(draft)))))
+
+        const context2: PluginContext = {
+          options: host.options,
+          agent: {
+            transform: transform(host.agent),
+            reload: () => run(host.agent.reload()),
+          },
+          aisdk: {
+            sdk: (callback) =>
+              register(host.aisdk.sdk((event) => Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(callback(event))))),
+            language: (callback) =>
+              register(host.aisdk.language((event) => Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(callback(event))))),
+          },
+          catalog: {
+            transform: transform(host.catalog),
+            reload: () => run(host.catalog.reload()),
+          },
+          command: {
+            transform: transform(host.command),
+            reload: () => run(host.command.reload()),
+          },
+          integration: {
+            transform: transform(host.integration),
+            reload: () => run(host.integration.reload()),
+          },
+          plugin: {
+            add: (input) => {
+              const child = fromPromise(input)
+              return run(host.plugin.add(child))
+            },
+            remove: (id) => run(host.plugin.remove(id)),
+          },
+          reference: {
+            transform: transform(host.reference),
+            reload: () => run(host.reference.reload()),
+          },
+          skill: {
+            transform: transform(host.skill),
+            reload: () => run(host.skill.reload()),
+          },
+        }
+
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(plugin.setup(context2)))
+      }),
+  })
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider.ts
index ea3939b750d..1749b474ed3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider.ts
@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@ import { VercelPlugin } from "./provider/vercel"
 import { VenicePlugin } from "./provider/venice"
 import { XAIPlugin } from "./provider/xai"
 import { ZenmuxPlugin } from "./provider/zenmux"
+import type { PluginInternal } from "./internal"
+import type { Scope } from "effect"
 
-export const ProviderPlugins = [
+export const ProviderPlugins: PluginInternal.Plugin<PluginInternal.Requirements | Scope.Scope>[] = [
   AlibabaPlugin,
   AmazonBedrockPlugin,
   AnthropicPlugin,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/alibaba.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/alibaba.ts
index fa5c0a91cfb..c5c4be0d0be 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/alibaba.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/alibaba.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const AlibabaPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("alibaba"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const AlibabaPlugin = define({
+  id: "alibaba",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/alibaba") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/alibaba"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createAlibaba(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/amazon-bedrock.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/amazon-bedrock.ts
index 9c7fd65665a..0995cf1c172 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/amazon-bedrock.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/amazon-bedrock.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
 type MantleSDK = {
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ function selectMantleModel(sdk: MantleSDK, modelID: string) {
   return sdk.responses(modelID)
 }
 
-export const AmazonBedrockPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("amazon-bedrock"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const AmazonBedrockPlugin = define({
+  id: "amazon-bedrock",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock") continue
@@ -77,7 +77,9 @@ export const AmazonBedrockPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (!["@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock", "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle"].includes(evt.package)) return
         const options = { ...evt.options }
         const profile = typeof options.profile === "string" ? options.profile : process.env.AWS_PROFILE
@@ -108,7 +110,9 @@ export const AmazonBedrockPlugin = PluginV2.define({
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createAmazonBedrock(options)
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock) return
         if (evt.model.api.type === "aisdk" && evt.model.api.package === "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle") {
           evt.language = selectMantleModel(evt.sdk, evt.model.api.id)
@@ -117,6 +121,6 @@ export const AmazonBedrockPlugin = PluginV2.define({
         const region = typeof evt.options.region === "string" ? evt.options.region : process.env.AWS_REGION
         evt.language = evt.sdk.languageModel(resolveModelID(evt.model.api.id, region))
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/anthropic.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/anthropic.ts
index 9bd69fe036c..cf883a0687f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/anthropic.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/anthropic.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const AnthropicPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("anthropic"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const AnthropicPlugin = define({
+  id: "anthropic",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/anthropic") continue
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@ export const AnthropicPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/anthropic") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/anthropic"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createAnthropic(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/azure.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/azure.ts
index 173fd36621f..2e1f9d9b48f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/azure.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/azure.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
 function selectLanguage(sdk: any, modelID: string, useChat: boolean) {
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ function selectLanguage(sdk: any, modelID: string, useChat: boolean) {
   return sdk.languageModel(modelID)
 }
 
-export const AzurePlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("azure"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const AzurePlugin = define({
+  id: "azure",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/azure") continue
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@ export const AzurePlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/azure") return
         if (evt.model.providerID === ProviderV2.ID.azure) {
           if (
@@ -43,19 +45,21 @@ export const AzurePlugin = PluginV2.define({
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/azure"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createAzure(evt.options)
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.azure) return
         evt.language = selectLanguage(evt.sdk, evt.model.api.id, Boolean(evt.options.useCompletionUrls))
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
 
-export const AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin = define({
+  id: "azure-cognitive-services",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         const resourceName = process.env.AZURE_COGNITIVE_SERVICES_RESOURCE_NAME
         if (!resourceName) return
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
@@ -67,10 +71,12 @@ export const AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services")) return
         evt.language = selectLanguage(evt.sdk, evt.model.api.id, Boolean(evt.options.useCompletionUrls))
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cerebras.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cerebras.ts
index f8719436873..0fd651160fe 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cerebras.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cerebras.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const CerebrasPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("cerebras"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
-        for (const item of ctx.provider.list()) {
+export const CerebrasPlugin = define({
+  id: "cerebras",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+        for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/cerebras") continue
-          ctx.provider.update(item.provider.id, (provider) => {
+          evt.provider.update(item.provider.id, (provider) => {
             provider.request.headers["X-Cerebras-3rd-Party-Integration"] = "opencode"
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/cerebras") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/cerebras"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createCerebras(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-ai-gateway.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-ai-gateway.ts
index ba7856b6357..d416f6f19d3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-ai-gateway.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-ai-gateway.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import os from "os"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "../../installation/version"
 import { Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin = define({
+  id: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "ai-gateway-provider") return
         if (evt.options.baseURL) return
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export const CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           },
         }
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-workers-ai.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-workers-ai.ts
index 10f3f5200a9..1a1c533eb55 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-workers-ai.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cloudflare-workers-ai.ts
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 import os from "os"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "../../installation/version"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
 const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai")
 
-export const CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin = define({
+  id: "cloudflare-workers-ai",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         const item = evt.provider.get(providerID)
         if (!item) return
         evt.provider.update(item.provider.id, (provider) => {
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ export const CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           if (accountId) provider.api.url = workersEndpoint(accountId)
         })
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== providerID) return
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") return
 
@@ -34,11 +36,13 @@ export const CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           }) as any,
         )
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== providerID) return
         evt.language = evt.sdk.languageModel(evt.model.api.id)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cohere.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cohere.ts
index 991c370d175..0ca0708577a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cohere.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/cohere.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const CoherePlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("cohere"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const CoherePlugin = define({
+  id: "cohere",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/cohere") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/cohere"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createCohere(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/deepinfra.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/deepinfra.ts
index bbd42f6e283..1b23e08ba4a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/deepinfra.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/deepinfra.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const DeepInfraPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("deepinfra"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const DeepInfraPlugin = define({
+  id: "deepinfra",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/deepinfra") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/deepinfra"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createDeepInfra(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/dynamic.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/dynamic.ts
index e5abc7009e3..c84a6ed51f8 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/dynamic.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/dynamic.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-import { Npm } from "../../npm"
-import { Effect, Option } from "effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
+import { Npm } from "../../npm"
 
-export const DynamicProviderPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("dynamic-provider"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const DynamicProviderPlugin = define({
+  id: "dynamic-provider",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const npm = yield* Npm.Service
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.sdk) return
 
         const installedPath = evt.package.startsWith("file://")
           ? evt.package
-          : Option.getOrUndefined((yield* npm.add(evt.package).pipe(Effect.orDie)).entrypoint)
+          : (yield* npm.add(evt.package).pipe(Effect.orDie)).entrypoint
         if (!installedPath) throw new Error(`Package ${evt.package} has no import entrypoint`)
 
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
@@ -26,6 +26,6 @@ export const DynamicProviderPlugin = PluginV2.define({
 
         evt.sdk = mod[match](evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gateway.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gateway.ts
index 5b08ad9ef5e..f097dcaca3f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gateway.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gateway.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const GatewayPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("gateway"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const GatewayPlugin = define({
+  id: "gateway",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/gateway") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/gateway"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createGateway(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/github-copilot.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/github-copilot.ts
index 1fc7c0c7999..682579d7a99 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/github-copilot.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/github-copilot.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
 function shouldUseResponses(modelID: string) {
@@ -11,16 +11,29 @@ function shouldUseResponses(modelID: string) {
   return Number(match[1]) >= 5 && !modelID.startsWith("gpt-5-mini")
 }
 
-export const GithubCopilotPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("github-copilot"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const GithubCopilotPlugin = define({
+  id: "github-copilot",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+        const item = evt.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot)
+        if (!item || !item.models.has(ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"))) return
+        evt.model.update(item.provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"), (model) => {
+          // This chat-only alias conflicts with the Copilot GPT-5 Responses route,
+          // so hide it only for Copilot rather than for every provider catalog.
+          model.enabled = false
+        })
+      }),
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/github-copilot") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("../../github-copilot/copilot-provider"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createOpenaiCompatible(evt.options)
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot) return
         if (evt.sdk.responses === undefined && evt.sdk.chat === undefined) {
           evt.language = evt.sdk.languageModel(evt.model.api.id)
@@ -30,15 +43,6 @@ export const GithubCopilotPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           ? evt.sdk.responses(evt.model.api.id)
           : evt.sdk.chat(evt.model.api.id)
       }),
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
-        const item = evt.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.githubCopilot)
-        if (!item || !item.models.has(ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"))) return
-        evt.model.update(item.provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"), (model) => {
-          // This chat-only alias conflicts with the Copilot GPT-5 Responses route,
-          // so hide it only for Copilot rather than for every provider catalog.
-          model.enabled = false
-        })
-      }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gitlab.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gitlab.ts
index 9de090a95d6..8723cdaac2e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gitlab.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/gitlab.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import os from "os"
 import { InstallationVersion } from "../../installation/version"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
-export const GitLabPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("gitlab"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const GitLabPlugin = define({
+  id: "gitlab",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "gitlab-ai-provider") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("gitlab-ai-provider"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createGitLab({
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ export const GitLabPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           },
         })
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.gitlab) return
         const featureFlags =
           typeof evt.options.featureFlags === "object" && evt.options.featureFlags ? evt.options.featureFlags : {}
@@ -58,6 +60,6 @@ export const GitLabPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           featureFlags,
         })
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google-vertex.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google-vertex.ts
index a7168d59add..4e643c9f519 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google-vertex.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google-vertex.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
 function resolveProject(options: Record<string, any>) {
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ function authFetch(fetchWithRuntimeOptions?: unknown) {
   }
 }
 
-export const GoogleVertexPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("google-vertex"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const GoogleVertexPlugin = define({
+  id: "google-vertex",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (
@@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ export const GoogleVertexPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID === ProviderV2.ID.googleVertex && evt.package.includes("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible")) {
           evt.options.fetch = authFetch(evt.options.fetch)
           return
@@ -100,19 +102,21 @@ export const GoogleVertexPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           location,
         })
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.googleVertex) return
         evt.language = evt.sdk.languageModel(String(evt.model.api.id).trim())
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
 
-export const GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin = define({
+  id: "google-vertex-anthropic",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic") continue
@@ -132,7 +136,9 @@ export const GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic"))
         const project =
@@ -156,10 +162,12 @@ export const GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin = PluginV2.define({
             : {}),
         })
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic")) return
         evt.language = evt.sdk.languageModel(String(evt.model.api.id).trim())
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google.ts
index 47e29c6b5d5..476af5b9121 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/google.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const GooglePlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("google"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const GooglePlugin = define({
+  id: "google",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/google") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/google"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createGoogleGenerativeAI(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/groq.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/groq.ts
index f2052afd1a8..0bddb443095 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/groq.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/groq.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const GroqPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("groq"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const GroqPlugin = define({
+  id: "groq",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/groq") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/groq"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createGroq(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/kilo.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/kilo.ts
index e293a66dad1..6ee6670ee5d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/kilo.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/kilo.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const KiloPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("kilo"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const KiloPlugin = define({
+  id: "kilo",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") continue
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ export const KiloPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/llmgateway.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/llmgateway.ts
index 613f589ba5a..eafc5edd6c7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/llmgateway.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/llmgateway.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { Integration } from "../../integration"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
 
-export const LLMGatewayPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("llmgateway"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const LLMGatewayPlugin = define({
+  id: "llmgateway",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.disabled) continue
-          if (!(yield* integrations.get(Integration.ID.make(item.provider.id)))) continue
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") continue
           if (item.provider.api.url !== "https://api.llmgateway.io/v1") continue
+          if (!(yield* integrations.get(Integration.ID.make(item.provider.id)))) continue
           evt.provider.update(item.provider.id, (provider) => {
             provider.request.headers["HTTP-Referer"] = "https://opencode.ai/"
             provider.request.headers["X-Title"] = "opencode"
@@ -21,6 +21,6 @@ export const LLMGatewayPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/mistral.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/mistral.ts
index e7f0decb79e..a7319756598 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/mistral.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/mistral.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const MistralPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("mistral"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const MistralPlugin = define({
+  id: "mistral",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/mistral") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/mistral"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createMistral(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/nvidia.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/nvidia.ts
index 837fce2c094..449599727c2 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/nvidia.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/nvidia.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const NvidiaPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("nvidia"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const NvidiaPlugin = define({
+  id: "nvidia",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") continue
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ export const NvidiaPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai-compatible.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai-compatible.ts
index 76c33737066..d602ed0ff95 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai-compatible.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai-compatible.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const OpenAICompatiblePlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("openai-compatible"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const OpenAICompatiblePlugin = define({
+  id: "openai-compatible",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.sdk) return
         if (!evt.package.includes("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible")) return
         if (evt.options.includeUsage !== false) evt.options.includeUsage = true
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createOpenAICompatible(evt.options as any)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai.ts
index d58bd784f52..c1734d62a19 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openai.ts
@@ -1,29 +1,20 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 import { Integration } from "../../integration"
 import { browser, headless } from "./openai-auth"
 
-export const OpenAIPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("openai"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const OpenAIPlugin = define({
+  id: "openai",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    yield* integrations.update((editor) => {
-      editor.method.update(browser)
-      editor.method.update(headless)
+    yield* integrations.transform((draft) => {
+      draft.method.update(browser)
+      draft.method.update(headless)
     })
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
-        if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai") return
-        const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/openai"))
-        evt.sdk = mod.createOpenAI(evt.options)
-      }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
-        if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.openai) return
-        evt.language = evt.sdk.responses(evt.model.api.id)
-      }),
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai") continue
@@ -35,6 +26,19 @@ export const OpenAIPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-    }
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+        if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai") return
+        const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/openai"))
+        evt.sdk = mod.createOpenAI(evt.options)
+      }),
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+        if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.openai) return
+        evt.language = evt.sdk.responses(evt.model.api.id)
+      }),
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/opencode.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/opencode.ts
index 56e71f822dd..d50992b51df 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/opencode.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/opencode.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { Integration } from "../../integration"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
+import { Integration } from "../../integration"
 
-export const OpencodePlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("opencode"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const OpencodePlugin = define({
+  id: "opencode",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
     let hasKey = false
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         const item = evt.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)
         if (!item) return
         const integration = yield* integrations.get(Integration.ID.make(item.provider.id))
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@ export const OpencodePlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openrouter.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openrouter.ts
index bc56a11b54d..0f295fb0950 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openrouter.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/openrouter.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const OpenRouterPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("openrouter"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const OpenRouterPlugin = define({
+  id: "openrouter",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider") continue
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@ export const OpenRouterPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           }
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createOpenRouter(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/perplexity.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/perplexity.ts
index 2415ab7c1a2..44c1ef2fc0a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/perplexity.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/perplexity.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const PerplexityPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("perplexity"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const PerplexityPlugin = define({
+  id: "perplexity",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/perplexity") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/perplexity"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createPerplexity(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/sap-ai-core.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/sap-ai-core.ts
index 47c8b7eaa8c..8c668d8b414 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/sap-ai-core.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/sap-ai-core.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-import { Npm } from "../../npm"
-import { Effect, Option } from "effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
+import { Npm } from "../../npm"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
-export const SapAICorePlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("sap-ai-core"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
+export const SapAICorePlugin = define({
+  id: "sap-ai-core",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
     const npm = yield* Npm.Service
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.make("sap-ai-core")) return
         const serviceKey =
           process.env.AICORE_SERVICE_KEY ??
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ export const SapAICorePlugin = PluginV2.define({
 
         const installedPath = evt.package.startsWith("file://")
           ? evt.package
-          : Option.getOrUndefined((yield* npm.add(evt.package).pipe(Effect.orDie)).entrypoint)
+          : (yield* npm.add(evt.package).pipe(Effect.orDie)).entrypoint
         if (!installedPath) throw new Error(`Package ${evt.package} has no import entrypoint`)
 
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@ export const SapAICorePlugin = PluginV2.define({
             : {},
         )
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.make("sap-ai-core")) return
         evt.language = evt.sdk(evt.model.api.id)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/snowflake-cortex.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/snowflake-cortex.ts
index 0971f3518d1..788ac63eb03 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/snowflake-cortex.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/snowflake-cortex.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
 type FetchLike = (url: string | URL | Request, init?: RequestInit) => Promise<Response>
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ export function cortexFetch(upstream: FetchLike = fetch) {
   }
 }
 
-export const SnowflakeCortexPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const SnowflakeCortexPlugin = define({
+  id: "snowflake-cortex",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex")) return
         const token =
           process.env.SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_TOKEN ??
@@ -84,6 +84,6 @@ export const SnowflakeCortexPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           fetch: cortexFetch(upstream) as typeof fetch,
         } as any)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/togetherai.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/togetherai.ts
index b1870f26625..8022e0de668 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/togetherai.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/togetherai.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const TogetherAIPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("togetherai"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const TogetherAIPlugin = define({
+  id: "togetherai",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/togetherai") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/togetherai"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createTogetherAI(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/venice.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/venice.ts
index 8a3b950245c..1a602ffd50b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/venice.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/venice.ts
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const VenicePlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("venice"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const VenicePlugin = define({
+  id: "venice",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "venice-ai-sdk-provider") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("venice-ai-sdk-provider"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createVenice(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/vercel.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/vercel.ts
index a7e0bdf5a8c..00f5601430c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/vercel.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/vercel.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const VercelPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("vercel"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const VercelPlugin = define({
+  id: "vercel",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/vercel") continue
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@ export const VercelPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/vercel") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/vercel"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createVercel(evt.options)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/xai.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/xai.ts
index 4e9d53e47a5..8145a3480a0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/xai.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/xai.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 
-export const XAIPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("xai"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const XAIPlugin = define({
+  id: "xai",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/xai") return
         const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/xai"))
         evt.sdk = mod.createXai(evt.options)
       }),
-      "aisdk.language": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+    )
+    yield* ctx.aisdk.language(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         if (evt.model.providerID !== ProviderV2.ID.make("xai")) return
         evt.language = evt.sdk.responses(evt.model.api.id)
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/zenmux.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/zenmux.ts
index a4f6a0ea01c..29adebc0ee5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/zenmux.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/provider/zenmux.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../../plugin"
+import { define } from "../internal"
 
-export const ZenmuxPlugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("zenmux"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    return {
-      "catalog.transform": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
+export const ZenmuxPlugin = define({
+  id: "zenmux",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+      Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
         for (const item of evt.provider.list()) {
           if (item.provider.api.type !== "aisdk") continue
           if (item.provider.api.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") continue
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ export const ZenmuxPlugin = PluginV2.define({
           })
         }
       }),
-    }
+    )
   }),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/skill.ts b/packages/core/src/plugin/skill.ts
index 7c89ac8e337..0e9c85abe9a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/skill.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/skill.ts
@@ -2,28 +2,25 @@
 
 export * as SkillPlugin from "./skill"
 
+import { define } from "./internal"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { PluginV2 } from "../plugin"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "../schema"
 import { SkillV2 } from "../skill"
 import customizeOpencodeContent from "./skill/customize-opencode.md" with { type: "text" }
 
 export const CustomizeOpencodeContent = customizeOpencodeContent
 
-export const Plugin = PluginV2.define({
-  id: PluginV2.ID.make("skill"),
-  effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
-    const transform = yield* skill.transform()
-
-    yield* transform((editor) => {
-      editor.source(
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "skill",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.skill.transform((draft) => {
+      draft.source(
         new SkillV2.EmbeddedSource({
           type: "embedded",
           skill: new SkillV2.Info({
             name: "customize-opencode",
             description:
-              "Use ONLY when the user is editing or creating opencode's own configuration: opencode.json, opencode.jsonc, files under .opencode/, or files under ~/.config/opencode/. Also use when creating or fixing opencode agents, subagents, skills, plugins, MCP servers, or permission rules. Do not use for the user's own application code, or for any project that is not configuring opencode itself.",
+              "Use ONLY when the user is editing or creating opencode's own configuration: opencode.json, opencode.jsonc, files under .opencode/, or files under ~/.config/opencode/. Also use when creating or fixing opencode agents, subagents, commands, skills, plugins, MCP servers, or permission rules. Do not use for the user's own application code, or for any project that is not configuring opencode itself.",
             location: AbsolutePath.make("/builtin/customize-opencode.md"),
             content: CustomizeOpencodeContent,
           }),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/plugin/skill/customize-opencode.md b/packages/core/src/plugin/skill/customize-opencode.md
index 1c1cbdf3c29..6932dbfd54c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/plugin/skill/customize-opencode.md
+++ b/packages/core/src/plugin/skill/customize-opencode.md
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ already-loaded config until then.
 | Global config                 | `~/.config/opencode/opencode.json` (NOT `~/.opencode/`)                                                                   |
 | Project agents                | `.opencode/agent/<name>.md` or `.opencode/agents/<name>.md`                                                               |
 | Global agents                 | `~/.config/opencode/agent(s)/<name>.md`                                                                                   |
+| Project commands              | `.opencode/command/<name>.md` or `.opencode/commands/<name>.md`                                                           |
+| Global commands               | `~/.config/opencode/command(s)/<name>.md`                                                                                 |
 | Project skills                | `.opencode/skill(s)/<name>/SKILL.md`                                                                                      |
 | Global skills                 | `~/.config/opencode/skill(s)/<name>/SKILL.md`                                                                             |
 | External skills (auto-loaded) | `~/.claude/skills/<name>/SKILL.md`, `~/.agents/skills/<name>/SKILL.md`                                                    |
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ Every field is optional.
   },
 
   "command": {
-    "deploy": { "description": "...", "prompt": "..." }
+    "deploy": { "description": "...", "template": "..." }
   },
 
   "provider": {
@@ -151,6 +153,7 @@ Shape notes worth being explicit about:
 - `skills` is an object with `paths` and/or `urls`, not an array.
 - `references` is an object keyed by alias. Each value is a local path, Git repository, or string shorthand.
 - `agent` is an object keyed by agent name, not an array.
+- `command` is an object keyed by command name, not an array.
 - `plugin` is an array of strings or `[name, options]` tuples, not an object.
 - `mcp[name].command` is an array of strings, never a single string. `type` is required.
 - `permission` is either a string action or an object keyed by tool name.
@@ -277,6 +280,31 @@ opencode ships with `build`, `plan`, `general`, `explore`. Hidden internal agent
 `compaction`, `title`, `summary`. To override a built-in's fields, define the
 same key in `agent: { <name>: { ... } }`.
 
+## Commands
+
+opencode's command loader scans for `**/*.md` inside command directories. The
+file is named after the command, and lives directly inside the `command` folder:
+
+```
+.opencode/command/deploy.md
+```
+
+Frontmatter:
+
+```markdown
+---
+description: One sentence describing what the command does.
+agent: build
+model: anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6
+---
+
+(command body in markdown: the prompt opencode runs, with $ARGUMENTS for the user's input)
+```
+
+- `template` is the command body — everything below the frontmatter — and is required: it is the prompt opencode runs when the command is invoked. Do not also put a `template:` key in the frontmatter.
+- `$ARGUMENTS` is replaced with everything the user typed after the command; `$1`, `$2`, … pull individual positional arguments.
+- Optional: `description`, `agent`, `model`, `variant`, `subtask`.
+
 ## Plugins
 
 `plugin:` is an array. Each entry is one of:
@@ -415,8 +443,8 @@ When a user's config is broken and opencode won't start, these env vars help:
   exact shape, or the field is not covered in this skill, fetch
   `https://opencode.ai/config.json` and read the schema rather than guessing.
 - Preserve `$schema` and any existing fields the user did not ask to change.
-- For agent, skill, and plugin definitions, prefer creating new files in the
-  correct location over inlining everything in `opencode.json`.
+- For agent, command, skill, and plugin definitions, prefer creating new files
+  in the correct location over inlining everything in `opencode.json`.
 - If the user's existing config is malformed, point them at the env-var escape
   hatches above so they can edit from inside opencode without breaking their
   session.
diff --git a/packages/core/src/process.ts b/packages/core/src/process.ts
index 44418d74c1b..8367ad68e15 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/process.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/process.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export class AppProcessError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AppProcessError>()(
   command: Schema.String,
   exitCode: Schema.optional(Schema.Number),
   stderr: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export interface RunOptions {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/project/copy.ts b/packages/core/src/project/copy.ts
index 0e3246b3b2a..441c380d7c7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/project/copy.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/project/copy.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import { Slug } from "../util/slug"
 import { EventV2 } from "../event"
 import { Database } from "../database/database"
 import { Location } from "../location"
-import { PluginBoot } from "../plugin/boot"
 
 export const StrategyID = Schema.Trim.pipe(Schema.check(Schema.isNonEmpty()), Schema.brand("ProjectCopy.StrategyID"))
 export type StrategyID = typeof StrategyID.Type
@@ -125,10 +124,8 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/Pr
 
 export const refreshAfterBoot = Effect.gen(function* () {
   const location = yield* Location.Service
-  const boot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
   const copies = yield* Service
   yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-    yield* boot.wait()
     yield* Effect.logInfo("project copy refresh started", { projectID: location.project.id })
     const result = yield* copies.refresh({ projectID: location.project.id })
     yield* Effect.logInfo("project copy refresh done", {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/provider.ts b/packages/core/src/provider.ts
index 3f5424a47f3..63ab19e71e0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/provider.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export * as ProviderV2 from "./provider"
 
 import { withStatics } from "./schema"
-import { Schema } from "effect"
+import { Schema, Types } from "effect"
 
 export const ID = Schema.String.pipe(
   Schema.brand("ProviderV2.ID"),
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ export const Native = Schema.Struct({
 
 export const Api = Schema.Union([AISDK, Native]).pipe(Schema.toTaggedUnion("type"))
 export type Api = typeof Api.Type
+export type MutableApi<T extends Api = Api> = T extends Api
+  ? Omit<Types.DeepMutable<T>, "settings"> & (undefined extends T["settings"] ? { settings?: any } : { settings: any })
+  : never
 
 export const Request = Schema.Struct({
   headers: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.String),
@@ -66,3 +69,5 @@ export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("ProviderV2.Info")({
     })
   }
 }
+
+export type MutableInfo = Omit<Types.DeepMutable<Info>, "api"> & { api: MutableApi }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/public/opencode.ts b/packages/core/src/public/opencode.ts
index 7388705d8c4..7d32556340f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/public/opencode.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/public/opencode.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 export * as OpenCode from "./opencode"
 
 import { Context, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { Catalog } from "../catalog"
 import { Database } from "../database/database"
 import { EventV2 } from "../event"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "../location-layer"
-import { PluginBoot } from "../plugin/boot"
 import { ProjectV2 } from "../project"
 import { SessionV2 } from "../session"
 import * as SessionExecutionLocal from "../session/execution/local"
@@ -23,69 +21,22 @@ export interface Interface {
 /** Intentional public native API for Effect applications embedding OpenCode. */
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/public/OpenCode") {}
 
-class SessionModelValidation extends Context.Service<
-  SessionModelValidation,
-  {
-    readonly validate: (
-      input: Session.SwitchModelInput & { readonly location: Session.Info["location"] },
-    ) => Effect.Effect<void, Session.ModelUnavailableError | Session.VariantUnavailableError>
-  }
->()("@opencode/public/OpenCode/SessionModelValidation") {}
-
-const ApplicationToolsLayer = ApplicationTools.layer
-const LocationServicesLayer = LocationServiceMap.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(ApplicationToolsLayer))
-const SessionModelValidationLayer = Layer.effect(
-  SessionModelValidation,
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const locations = yield* LocationServiceMap
-    return SessionModelValidation.of({
-      validate: Effect.fn("OpenCode.sessions.validateModel")(function* (input) {
-        yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* (yield* PluginBoot.Service).wait()
-          const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          const model = (yield* catalog.model.available()).find(
-            (model) => model.providerID === input.model.providerID && model.id === input.model.id,
-          )
-          if (!model)
-            return yield* new Session.ModelUnavailableError({
-              providerID: input.model.providerID,
-              modelID: input.model.id,
-            })
-          if (
-            input.model.variant !== undefined &&
-            input.model.variant !== "default" &&
-            !model.variants.some((variant) => variant.id === input.model.variant)
-          )
-            return yield* new Session.VariantUnavailableError({
-              providerID: input.model.providerID,
-              modelID: input.model.id,
-              variant: input.model.variant,
-            })
-        }).pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(input.location)))
-      }),
-    })
-  }),
+const SessionsLayer = SessionV2.layer.pipe(
+  Layer.provide(SessionProjector.layer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionExecutionLocal.layer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.layer),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.layer),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(ProjectV2.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(LocationServiceMap.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(ApplicationTools.layer))),
+  Layer.orDie,
 )
-
-const SessionsLayer = Layer.merge(
-  SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-    Layer.provide(SessionProjector.layer),
-    Layer.provide(SessionExecutionLocal.layer),
-    Layer.provide(SessionStore.layer),
-    Layer.provide(EventV2.layer),
-    Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.provide(ProjectV2.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.orDie,
-  ),
-  SessionModelValidationLayer,
-).pipe(Layer.provide(LocationServicesLayer))
 // TODO: Accept explicit storage so tests and embeddings can select disposable or application-owned persistence.
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const sessions = yield* SessionV2.Service
     const tools = yield* ApplicationTools.Service
-    const validation = yield* SessionModelValidation
     return Service.of({
       tools: { register: tools.register },
       sessions: {
@@ -98,11 +49,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
           }),
         get: sessions.get,
         list: sessions.list,
-        switchModel: Effect.fn("OpenCode.sessions.switchModel")(function* (input) {
-          const session = yield* sessions.get(input.sessionID)
-          yield* validation.validate({ ...input, location: session.location })
-          yield* sessions.switchModel(input)
-        }),
+        switchModel: sessions.switchModel,
         interrupt: sessions.interrupt,
         prompt: (input) =>
           sessions.prompt({
@@ -124,6 +71,6 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       },
     })
   }),
-).pipe(Layer.provide(Layer.merge(ApplicationToolsLayer, SessionsLayer)))
+).pipe(Layer.provide(Layer.merge(ApplicationTools.layer, SessionsLayer)))
 
 // TODO: Add OpenCode.create(...) as the Promise facade over the same native API semantics.
diff --git a/packages/core/src/public/session.ts b/packages/core/src/public/session.ts
index 6c61aff3b6d..212583b5593 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/public/session.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/public/session.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 export * as Session from "./session"
 
-import { Effect, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
-import { EventV2 } from "../event"
-import { ModelV2 } from "../model"
+import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
 import { SessionV2 } from "../session"
 import { MessageDecodeError } from "../session/error"
 import { SessionEvent } from "../session/event"
@@ -34,9 +32,7 @@ export type Delivery = SessionInput.Delivery
 export const ListInput = SessionV2.ListInput
 export type ListInput = SessionV2.ListInput
 
-export const EventCursor = EventV2.Cursor
-export type EventCursor = EventV2.Cursor
-export type Event = EventV2.CursorEvent<SessionEvent.DurableEvent>
+export type Event = SessionEvent.DurableEvent
 
 export const NotFoundError = SessionV2.NotFoundError
 export type NotFoundError = SessionV2.NotFoundError
@@ -44,23 +40,6 @@ export type NotFoundError = SessionV2.NotFoundError
 export const PromptConflictError = SessionV2.PromptConflictError
 export type PromptConflictError = SessionV2.PromptConflictError
 
-export class ModelUnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelUnavailableError>()(
-  "Session.ModelUnavailableError",
-  {
-    providerID: Model.Ref.fields.providerID,
-    modelID: Model.Ref.fields.id,
-  },
-) {}
-
-export class VariantUnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<VariantUnavailableError>()(
-  "Session.VariantUnavailableError",
-  {
-    providerID: Model.Ref.fields.providerID,
-    modelID: Model.Ref.fields.id,
-    variant: ModelV2.VariantID,
-  },
-) {}
-
 export { MessageDecodeError }
 
 export interface CreateInput {
@@ -99,7 +78,7 @@ export interface MessageInput {
 
 export interface EventsInput {
   readonly sessionID: ID
-  readonly after?: EventCursor
+  readonly after?: number
 }
 
 export interface Interface {
@@ -107,9 +86,7 @@ export interface Interface {
   readonly get: (sessionID: ID) => Effect.Effect<Info, NotFoundError>
   readonly list: (input?: ListInput) => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
   readonly prompt: (input: PromptInput) => Effect.Effect<Admission, NotFoundError | PromptConflictError>
-  readonly switchModel: (
-    input: SwitchModelInput,
-  ) => Effect.Effect<void, NotFoundError | ModelUnavailableError | VariantUnavailableError>
+  readonly switchModel: (input: SwitchModelInput) => Effect.Effect<void, NotFoundError>
   /** Interrupt the active V2 execution chain for one Session on this process. Interrupting an idle or missing Session is a no-op. */
   readonly interrupt: (sessionID: ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
   readonly messages: (input: MessagesInput) => Effect.Effect<Message[], NotFoundError | MessageDecodeError>
diff --git a/packages/core/src/reference.ts b/packages/core/src/reference.ts
index 66eb160eb49..9572f55a22d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/reference.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/reference.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 export * as Reference from "./reference"
 
-import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema, Scope } from "effect"
-import { castDraft } from "immer"
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema, Scope, Types } from "effect"
 import { Global } from "./global"
 import { EventV2 } from "./event"
 import { Repository } from "./repository"
@@ -40,17 +39,16 @@ export class Info extends Schema.Class<Info>("Reference.Info")({
 }) {}
 
 type Data = {
-  sources: Map<string, Source>
+  sources: Map<string, Types.DeepMutable<Source>>
 }
 
-type Editor = {
+type Draft = {
   add(name: string, source: Source): void
   remove(name: string): void
   list(): readonly [string, Source][]
 }
 
-export interface Interface {
-  readonly transform: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["transform"]
+export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
   readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
 }
 
@@ -64,18 +62,18 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
     const cache = yield* RepositoryCache.Service
     const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
     const materialized = new Map<string, Info>()
-    const state = State.create<Data, Editor>({
+    const state = State.create<Data, Draft>({
       initial: () => ({ sources: new Map() }),
-      editor: (draft) => ({
-        add: (name, source) => draft.sources.set(name, castDraft(source)),
+      draft: (draft) => ({
+        add: (name, source) => draft.sources.set(name, source as Types.DeepMutable<Source>),
         remove: (name) => draft.sources.delete(name),
         list: () => Array.from(draft.sources.entries()) as [string, Source][],
       }),
-      finalize: (editor) =>
+      finalize: (draft) =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           materialized.clear()
           const seen = new Map<string, string | undefined>()
-          for (const [name, source] of editor.list()) {
+          for (const [name, source] of draft.list()) {
             if (source.type === "local") {
               materialized.set(
                 name,
@@ -128,6 +126,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 
     return Service.of({
       transform: state.transform,
+      reload: state.reload,
       list: Effect.fn("Reference.list")(function* () {
         return Array.from(materialized.values())
       }),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/reference/guidance.ts b/packages/core/src/reference/guidance.ts
index f567264768a..fa3423c58ac 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/reference/guidance.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/reference/guidance.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 export * as ReferenceGuidance from "./guidance"
 
 import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
-import { PluginBoot } from "../plugin/boot"
 import { Reference } from "../reference"
 import { SystemContext } from "../system-context/index"
 
@@ -34,12 +33,10 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const boot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
     const references = yield* Reference.Service
 
     return Service.of({
       load: Effect.fn("ReferenceGuidance.load")(function* () {
-        yield* boot.wait()
         const available = (yield* references.list())
           .filter((reference) => reference.description !== undefined)
           .map((reference) => ({
diff --git a/packages/core/src/ripgrep.ts b/packages/core/src/ripgrep.ts
index 5a8a94f337d..b68078b3fef 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/ripgrep.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/ripgrep.ts
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ type RawMatchData = (typeof RawMatch.Type)["data"]
 
 export class Error extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<Error>()("Ripgrep.Error", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export class InvalidPatternError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<InvalidPatternError>()("Ripgrep.InvalidPatternError", {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session.ts b/packages/core/src/session.ts
index d5163cf8839..5dae699733f 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 export * as SessionV2 from "./session"
 export * from "./session/schema"
 
-import { Cause, DateTime, Effect, Layer, Schema, Context, Stream } from "effect"
+import { DateTime, Effect, Layer, Schema, Context, Stream } from "effect"
 import { and, asc, desc, eq, gt, like, lt, or, type SQL } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { ProjectV2 } from "./project"
 import { WorkspaceV2 } from "./workspace"
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import { fromRow } from "./session/info"
 import { SessionRunner } from "./session/runner/index"
 import { SessionStore } from "./session/store"
 import { SessionExecution } from "./session/execution"
-import { logFailure } from "./session/logging"
 import { MessageDecodeError } from "./session/error"
 import { SessionEvent } from "./session/event"
 import { SessionInput } from "./session/input"
@@ -124,12 +123,9 @@ export interface Interface {
   ) => Effect.Effect<SessionMessage.Message[], NotFoundError | MessageDecodeError>
   readonly events: (input: {
     sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
-    after?: EventV2.Cursor
-  }) => Stream.Stream<EventV2.CursorEvent<SessionEvent.DurableEvent>, NotFoundError>
-  readonly switchAgent: (input: {
-    sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
-    agent: string
-  }) => Effect.Effect<void, OperationUnavailableError>
+    after?: number
+  }) => Stream.Stream<SessionEvent.DurableEvent, NotFoundError>
+  readonly switchAgent: (input: { sessionID: SessionSchema.ID; agent: string }) => Effect.Effect<void, NotFoundError>
   readonly switchModel: (input: {
     sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
     model: ModelV2.Ref
@@ -171,20 +167,6 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
     const store = yield* SessionStore.Service
     const decodeMessage = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(SessionMessage.Message)
     const isDurableSessionEvent = Schema.is(SessionEvent.Durable)
-    const scope = yield* Effect.scope
-
-    const enqueueWake = (admitted: SessionInput.Admitted) =>
-      execution.wake(admitted.sessionID, admitted.admittedSeq).pipe(
-        Effect.tapCause((cause) =>
-          Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(cause)
-            ? Effect.void
-            : logFailure("Failed to wake Session", admitted.sessionID, cause),
-        ),
-        Effect.ignore,
-        Effect.forkIn(scope, { startImmediately: true }),
-        Effect.asVoid,
-      )
-
     const decode = (row: typeof SessionMessageTable.$inferSelect) =>
       decodeMessage({ ...row.data, id: row.id, type: row.type }).pipe(
         Effect.mapError(
@@ -339,20 +321,12 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         Stream.unwrap(
           result
             .get(input.sessionID)
-            .pipe(Effect.as(events.aggregateEvents({ aggregateID: input.sessionID, after: input.after }))),
-        ).pipe(
-          Stream.filter((event): event is EventV2.CursorEvent<SessionEvent.DurableEvent> =>
-            isDurableSessionEvent(event.event),
-          ),
-        ),
+            .pipe(Effect.as(events.durable({ aggregateID: input.sessionID, after: input.after }))),
+        ).pipe(Stream.filter((event): event is SessionEvent.DurableEvent => isDurableSessionEvent(event))),
       prompt: Effect.fn("V2Session.prompt")((input) =>
         Effect.uninterruptible(
           Effect.gen(function* () {
             yield* result.get(input.sessionID)
-            const returnPrompt = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (admitted: SessionInput.Admitted) {
-              if (input.resume !== false) yield* enqueueWake(admitted)
-              return admitted
-            }, Effect.uninterruptible)
             const messageID = input.id ?? SessionMessage.ID.create()
             const delivery = input.delivery ?? "steer"
             const expected = { sessionID: input.sessionID, messageID, prompt: input.prompt, delivery }
@@ -370,7 +344,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             )
             if (!SessionInput.equivalent(admitted, expected))
               return yield* new PromptConflictError({ sessionID: input.sessionID, messageID })
-            return yield* returnPrompt(admitted)
+            if (input.resume !== false) yield* execution.wake(admitted.sessionID)
+            return admitted
           }),
         ),
       ),
@@ -380,8 +355,14 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       skill: Effect.fn("V2Session.skill")(function* () {
         return yield* new OperationUnavailableError({ operation: "skill" })
       }),
-      switchAgent: Effect.fn("V2Session.switchAgent")(function* () {
-        return yield* new OperationUnavailableError({ operation: "switchAgent" })
+      switchAgent: Effect.fn("V2Session.switchAgent")(function* (input) {
+        yield* result.get(input.sessionID)
+        yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, {
+          sessionID: input.sessionID,
+          messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
+          timestamp: yield* DateTime.now,
+          agent: input.agent,
+        })
       }),
       switchModel: Effect.fn("V2Session.switchModel")(function* (input) {
         yield* result.get(input.sessionID)
@@ -405,19 +386,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         yield* execution.resume(sessionID)
       }),
       interrupt: Effect.fn("V2Session.interrupt")((sessionID) =>
-        Effect.uninterruptible(
-          Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const session = yield* store.get(sessionID)
-            if (!session) return yield* execution.interrupt(sessionID)
-            const event = yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.InterruptRequested, {
-              sessionID,
-              timestamp: yield* DateTime.now,
-            })
-            if (event.seq === undefined)
-              return yield* Effect.die("Interrupt request event is missing aggregate sequence")
-            yield* execution.interrupt(sessionID, event.seq)
-          }),
-        ),
+        Effect.uninterruptible(execution.interrupt(sessionID)),
       ),
     })
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/context-epoch.ts b/packages/core/src/session/context-epoch.ts
index 1fb8df92e6e..f06b69cd515 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/context-epoch.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/context-epoch.ts
@@ -1,54 +1,31 @@
 export * as SessionContextEpoch from "./context-epoch"
 
-import { and, eq, isNull, lt, or, sql } from "drizzle-orm"
+import { eq } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { DateTime, Effect, Schema } from "effect"
-import { AgentV2 } from "../agent"
 import type { Database } from "../database/database"
 import { EventV2 } from "../event"
-import { Location } from "../location"
 import { SystemContext } from "../system-context/index"
 import { ContextSnapshotDecodeError } from "./error"
 import { SessionEvent } from "./event"
+import { SessionHistory } from "./history"
 import { SessionInput } from "./input"
 import { SessionMessageID } from "./message-id"
 import { SessionSchema } from "./schema"
-import { SessionContextEpochTable, SessionTable } from "./sql"
+import { SessionContextEpochTable } from "./sql"
 
 type DatabaseService = Database.Interface["db"]
 
-class RevisionMismatch extends Error {}
-class LocationMismatch extends Error {}
-export class AgentMismatch extends Error {}
-export class AgentReplacementBlocked extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AgentReplacementBlocked>()(
-  "SessionContextEpoch.AgentReplacementBlocked",
-  { sessionID: SessionSchema.ID, previous: AgentV2.ID, current: AgentV2.ID },
-) {}
-
-const retryRevisionMismatch = <A, E>(attempt: () => Effect.Effect<A, E>): Effect.Effect<A, E> =>
-  attempt().pipe(
-    Effect.catchDefect((defect) =>
-      defect instanceof RevisionMismatch
-        ? Effect.yieldNow.pipe(Effect.andThen(retryRevisionMismatch(attempt)))
-        : Effect.die(defect),
-    ),
-  )
-
 interface Prepared {
   readonly baseline: string
   readonly baselineSeq: number
-  readonly revision: number
 }
 
 export function initialize(
   db: DatabaseService,
   context: Effect.Effect<SystemContext.SystemContext>,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  location: Location.Ref,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
 ): Effect.Effect<Prepared | undefined, SystemContext.InitializationBlocked> {
-  return retryRevisionMismatch(() => initializeOnce(db, context, sessionID, location, agent)).pipe(
-    Effect.withSpan("SessionContextEpoch.initialize"),
-  )
+  return initializeOnce(db, context, sessionID).pipe(Effect.withSpan("SessionContextEpoch.initialize"))
 }
 
 export function prepare(
@@ -56,12 +33,8 @@ export function prepare(
   events: EventV2.Interface,
   context: Effect.Effect<SystemContext.SystemContext>,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  location: Location.Ref,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
-): Effect.Effect<Prepared, SystemContext.InitializationBlocked | ContextSnapshotDecodeError | AgentReplacementBlocked> {
-  return retryRevisionMismatch(() => prepareOnce(db, events, context, sessionID, location, agent)).pipe(
-    Effect.withSpan("SessionContextEpoch.prepare"),
-  )
+): Effect.Effect<Prepared, SystemContext.InitializationBlocked | ContextSnapshotDecodeError> {
+  return prepareOnce(db, events, context, sessionID).pipe(Effect.withSpan("SessionContextEpoch.prepare"))
 }
 
 const prepareOnce = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
@@ -69,57 +42,50 @@ const prepareOnce = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   events: EventV2.Interface,
   context: Effect.Effect<SystemContext.SystemContext>,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  location: Location.Ref,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
 ) {
-  const [value, stored] = yield* Effect.all([context, find(db, sessionID)], { concurrency: "unbounded" })
+  const [value, stored, compaction] = yield* Effect.all(
+    [context, find(db, sessionID), SessionHistory.latestCompaction(db, sessionID)],
+    { concurrency: "unbounded" },
+  )
   if (!stored) {
     const generation = yield* SystemContext.initialize(value)
-    const baselineSeq = yield* insert(db, sessionID, location, agent, generation)
-    return { baseline: generation.baseline, baselineSeq, revision: 0 }
+    const baselineSeq = yield* insert(db, sessionID, generation)
+    return { baseline: generation.baseline, baselineSeq }
   }
 
   const snapshot = yield* Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(SystemContext.Snapshot)(stored.snapshot).pipe(
     Effect.mapError((error) => new ContextSnapshotDecodeError({ sessionID, details: String(error) })),
   )
-  const replacingAgent = stored.agent !== agent
-  const result =
-    stored.replacement_seq === null && !replacingAgent
-      ? yield* SystemContext.reconcile(value, snapshot)
-      : yield* SystemContext.replace(value, snapshot)
-  if (result._tag === "ReplacementBlocked" && replacingAgent) {
-    yield* fence(db, sessionID, agent, stored.revision)
-    return yield* new AgentReplacementBlocked({ sessionID, previous: stored.agent, current: agent })
-  }
+  const replacementSeq = compaction !== undefined && compaction.seq > stored.baseline_seq ? compaction.seq : undefined
+  const result = replacementSeq
+    ? yield* SystemContext.replace(value, snapshot)
+    : yield* SystemContext.reconcile(value, snapshot)
   if (result._tag === "Unchanged" || result._tag === "ReplacementBlocked") {
-    yield* fence(db, sessionID, agent, stored.revision)
-    return { baseline: stored.baseline, baselineSeq: stored.baseline_seq, revision: stored.revision }
+    return { baseline: stored.baseline, baselineSeq: stored.baseline_seq }
   }
   if (result._tag === "ReplacementReady") {
-    const replacementSeq = stored.replacement_seq ?? (yield* SessionInput.latestSeq(db, sessionID))
-    yield* replace(db, sessionID, agent, stored.revision, replacementSeq, result.generation)
-    return { baseline: result.generation.baseline, baselineSeq: replacementSeq, revision: stored.revision + 1 }
+    const baselineSeq = replacementSeq ?? (yield* EventV2.latestSequence(db, sessionID))
+    yield* replace(db, sessionID, baselineSeq, result.generation)
+    return { baseline: result.generation.baseline, baselineSeq }
   }
 
   yield* events.publish(
     SessionEvent.ContextUpdated,
     { sessionID, messageID: SessionMessageID.ID.create(), timestamp: yield* DateTime.now, text: result.text },
-    { commit: () => advance(db, sessionID, stored.revision, result.snapshot).pipe(Effect.orDie) },
+    { commit: () => advance(db, sessionID, result.snapshot).pipe(Effect.orDie) },
   )
-  return { baseline: stored.baseline, baselineSeq: stored.baseline_seq, revision: stored.revision + 1 }
+  return { baseline: stored.baseline, baselineSeq: stored.baseline_seq }
 })
 
 const initializeOnce = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
   context: Effect.Effect<SystemContext.SystemContext>,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  location: Location.Ref,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
 ) {
   if (yield* exists(db, sessionID)) return
   const generation = yield* context.pipe(Effect.flatMap(SystemContext.initialize))
-  const baselineSeq = yield* insert(db, sessionID, location, agent, generation)
-  return { baseline: generation.baseline, baselineSeq, revision: 0 }
+  const baselineSeq = yield* insert(db, sessionID, generation)
+  return { baseline: generation.baseline, baselineSeq }
 })
 
 const exists = Effect.fn("SessionContextEpoch.exists")(function* (db: DatabaseService, sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) {
@@ -142,39 +108,6 @@ const find = Effect.fn("SessionContextEpoch.find")(function* (db: DatabaseServic
     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
 })
 
-const requireAgentSelection = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
-  db: DatabaseService,
-  sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
-) {
-  const selected = yield* db
-    .select({ agent: SessionTable.agent })
-    .from(SessionTable)
-    .where(eq(SessionTable.id, sessionID))
-    .get()
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  if (!selected || (selected.agent !== null && selected.agent !== agent)) return yield* Effect.die(new AgentMismatch())
-})
-
-export const requestReplacement = Effect.fn("SessionContextEpoch.requestReplacement")(function* (
-  db: DatabaseService,
-  sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  seq: number,
-) {
-  return yield* db
-    .update(SessionContextEpochTable)
-    .set({ replacement_seq: seq, revision: sql`${SessionContextEpochTable.revision} + 1` })
-    .where(
-      and(
-        eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID),
-        lt(SessionContextEpochTable.baseline_seq, seq),
-        or(isNull(SessionContextEpochTable.replacement_seq), lt(SessionContextEpochTable.replacement_seq, seq)),
-      ),
-    )
-    .run()
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-})
-
 export const reset = Effect.fn("SessionContextEpoch.reset")(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
@@ -189,155 +122,53 @@ export const reset = Effect.fn("SessionContextEpoch.reset")(function* (
 const insert = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  location: Location.Ref,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
   generation: SystemContext.Generation,
 ) {
-  return yield* db
-    .transaction(
-      () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const placed = yield* db
-            .select({ agent: SessionTable.agent })
-            .from(SessionTable)
-            .where(
-              and(
-                eq(SessionTable.id, sessionID),
-                eq(SessionTable.directory, location.directory),
-                location.workspaceID === undefined
-                  ? isNull(SessionTable.workspace_id)
-                  : eq(SessionTable.workspace_id, location.workspaceID),
-              ),
-            )
-            .get()
-            .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-          if (!placed) return yield* Effect.die(new LocationMismatch())
-          if (placed.agent !== null && placed.agent !== agent) return yield* Effect.die(new AgentMismatch())
-          const baselineSeq = yield* SessionInput.latestSeq(db, sessionID)
-          yield* db
-            .insert(SessionContextEpochTable)
-            .values({
-              session_id: sessionID,
-              baseline: generation.baseline,
-              agent,
-              snapshot: generation.snapshot,
-              baseline_seq: baselineSeq,
-              revision: 0,
-            })
-            .onConflictDoNothing()
-            .returning({ sessionID: SessionContextEpochTable.session_id })
-            .get()
-            .pipe(
-              Effect.orDie,
-              Effect.flatMap((inserted) => (inserted ? Effect.void : Effect.die(new RevisionMismatch()))),
-            )
-          return baselineSeq
-        }),
-      { behavior: "immediate" },
-    )
+  const baselineSeq = yield* EventV2.latestSequence(db, sessionID)
+  yield* db
+    .insert(SessionContextEpochTable)
+    .values({
+      session_id: sessionID,
+      baseline: generation.baseline,
+      snapshot: generation.snapshot,
+      baseline_seq: baselineSeq,
+    })
+    .run()
     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  return baselineSeq
 })
 
 const replace = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
-  expectedRevision: number,
   baselineSeq: number,
   generation: SystemContext.Generation,
 ) {
-  yield* db
-    .transaction(
-      () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* requireAgentSelection(db, sessionID, agent)
-          const updated = yield* db
-            .update(SessionContextEpochTable)
-            .set({
-              baseline: generation.baseline,
-              agent,
-              snapshot: generation.snapshot,
-              baseline_seq: baselineSeq,
-              replacement_seq: null,
-              revision: expectedRevision + 1,
-            })
-            .where(
-              and(
-                eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID),
-                eq(SessionContextEpochTable.revision, expectedRevision),
-              ),
-            )
-            .returning({ revision: SessionContextEpochTable.revision })
-            .get()
-            .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-          if (!updated) return yield* Effect.die(new RevisionMismatch())
-        }),
-      { behavior: "immediate" },
-    )
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-})
-
-const fence = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
-  db: DatabaseService,
-  sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
-  expectedRevision: number,
-) {
-  const current = yield* db
-    .select({ selected: SessionTable.agent, revision: SessionContextEpochTable.revision })
-    .from(SessionContextEpochTable)
-    .innerJoin(SessionTable, eq(SessionTable.id, SessionContextEpochTable.session_id))
-    .where(eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID))
-    .get()
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  if (!current || (current.selected !== null && current.selected !== agent))
-    return yield* Effect.die(new AgentMismatch())
-  if (current.revision !== expectedRevision) return yield* Effect.die(new RevisionMismatch())
-})
-
-export const current = Effect.fn("SessionContextEpoch.current")(function* (
-  db: DatabaseService,
-  sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  agent: AgentV2.ID,
-  revision: number,
-) {
-  const value = yield* db
-    .select({
-      agent: SessionContextEpochTable.agent,
-      selected: SessionTable.agent,
-      revision: SessionContextEpochTable.revision,
+  const updated = yield* db
+    .update(SessionContextEpochTable)
+    .set({
+      baseline: generation.baseline,
+      snapshot: generation.snapshot,
+      baseline_seq: baselineSeq,
     })
-    .from(SessionContextEpochTable)
-    .innerJoin(SessionTable, eq(SessionTable.id, SessionContextEpochTable.session_id))
     .where(eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID))
+    .returning({ sessionID: SessionContextEpochTable.session_id })
     .get()
     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  return (
-    value !== undefined &&
-    value.agent === agent &&
-    (value.selected === null || value.selected === agent) &&
-    value.revision === revision
-  )
+  if (!updated) return yield* Effect.die("Context Epoch not found")
 })
 
 const advance = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  expectedRevision: number,
   snapshot: SystemContext.Snapshot,
 ) {
   const updated = yield* db
     .update(SessionContextEpochTable)
-    .set({ snapshot, revision: expectedRevision + 1 })
-    .where(
-      and(
-        eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID),
-        eq(SessionContextEpochTable.revision, expectedRevision),
-        isNull(SessionContextEpochTable.replacement_seq),
-      ),
-    )
-    .returning({ revision: SessionContextEpochTable.revision })
+    .set({ snapshot })
+    .where(eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID))
+    .returning({ sessionID: SessionContextEpochTable.session_id })
     .get()
     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  if (!updated) return yield* Effect.die(new RevisionMismatch())
+  if (!updated) return yield* Effect.die("Context Epoch not found")
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/event.ts b/packages/core/src/session/event.ts
index 3472cc114a5..88ac4aa2679 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/event.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/event.ts
@@ -25,15 +25,21 @@ const Base = {
   timestamp: V2Schema.DateTimeUtcFromMillis,
   sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
 }
+const PromptFields = {
+  ...Base,
+  messageID: SessionMessageID.ID,
+  prompt: Prompt,
+  delivery: Schema.Literals(["steer", "queue"]),
+}
 
 const options = {
-  sync: {
+  durable: {
     aggregate: "sessionID",
     version: 1,
   },
 } as const
 const stepSettlementOptions = {
-  sync: {
+  durable: {
     aggregate: "sessionID",
     version: 2,
   },
@@ -83,47 +89,16 @@ export type Moved = typeof Moved.Type
 export const Prompted = EventV2.define({
   type: "session.next.prompted",
   ...options,
-  schema: {
-    ...Base,
-    messageID: SessionMessageID.ID,
-    prompt: Prompt,
-    delivery: Schema.Literals(["steer", "queue"]),
-  },
+  schema: PromptFields,
 })
 export type Prompted = typeof Prompted.Type
 
-export namespace PromptLifecycle {
-  export const Admitted = EventV2.define({
-    type: "session.next.prompt.admitted",
-    ...options,
-    schema: {
-      ...Base,
-      messageID: SessionMessageID.ID,
-      prompt: Prompt,
-      delivery: Schema.Literals(["steer", "queue"]),
-    },
-  })
-  export type Admitted = typeof Admitted.Type
-
-  export const Promoted = EventV2.define({
-    type: "session.next.prompt.promoted",
-    ...options,
-    schema: {
-      ...Base,
-      messageID: SessionMessageID.ID,
-      prompt: Prompt,
-      timeCreated: V2Schema.DateTimeUtcFromMillis,
-    },
-  })
-  export type Promoted = typeof Promoted.Type
-}
-
-export const InterruptRequested = EventV2.define({
-  type: "session.next.interrupt.requested",
+export const PromptAdmitted = EventV2.define({
+  type: "session.next.prompt.admitted",
   ...options,
-  schema: Base,
+  schema: PromptFields,
 })
-export type InterruptRequested = typeof InterruptRequested.Type
+export type PromptAdmitted = typeof PromptAdmitted.Type
 
 export const ContextUpdated = EventV2.define({
   type: "session.next.context.updated",
@@ -443,20 +418,9 @@ export namespace Compaction {
   })
   export type Delta = typeof Delta.Type
 
-  // Retain the unpublished v1 decoder so stored beta events remain replayable.
-  export const EndedV1 = EventV2.define({
-    type: "session.next.compaction.ended",
-    ...options,
-    schema: {
-      ...Base,
-      text: Schema.String,
-      include: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional),
-    },
-  })
-
   export const Ended = EventV2.define({
     type: "session.next.compaction.ended",
-    sync: { aggregate: "sessionID", version: 2 },
+    ...options,
     schema: {
       ...Base,
       messageID: SessionMessageID.ID,
@@ -473,9 +437,7 @@ const DurableDefinitions = [
   ModelSwitched,
   Moved,
   Prompted,
-  PromptLifecycle.Admitted,
-  PromptLifecycle.Promoted,
-  InterruptRequested,
+  PromptAdmitted,
   ContextUpdated,
   Synthetic,
   Shell.Started,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/execution.ts b/packages/core/src/session/execution.ts
index 9a99145bfb4..a08912e9565 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/execution.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/execution.ts
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ import { SessionRunner } from "./runner/index"
 import { SessionSchema } from "./schema"
 
 export interface Interface {
-  /** Explicitly drain one Session, making at least one provider attempt. */
+  /** Starts execution while idle or joins the active execution. */
   readonly resume: (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) => Effect.Effect<void, SessionRunner.RunError>
-  /** Schedule a drain after durable work is recorded. Repeated wakeups may coalesce. */
-  readonly wake: (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID, seq?: number) => Effect.Effect<void, SessionRunner.RunError>
+  /** Registers newly recorded work. Repeated wakeups may coalesce. */
+  readonly wake: (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
   /** Interrupt active work owned by this process. Idle interruption is a no-op. */
-  readonly interrupt: (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID, seq?: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly interrupt: (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
 /** Routes execution from a Session ID to the runner owned by that Session's Location. */
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/execution/local.ts b/packages/core/src/session/execution/local.ts
index 8f1b1763a05..7e0e3ca7003 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/execution/local.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/execution/local.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "../../location-layer"
 import { SessionRunCoordinator } from "../run-coordinator"
 import { SessionRunner } from "../runner"
 import { SessionSchema } from "../schema"
 import { SessionStore } from "../store"
 import { SessionExecution } from "../execution"
-import { logFailure } from "../logging"
 
 /** Current-process routing for implicit-local Locations. Future remote placement belongs here. */
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
@@ -13,15 +12,19 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const store = yield* SessionStore.Service
     const locations = yield* LocationServiceMap
-    const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<SessionSchema.ID, void, SessionRunner.RunError>({
-      drain: Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID, mode) {
+    const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<SessionSchema.ID, SessionRunner.RunError>({
+      drain: Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID: SessionSchema.ID, force) {
         const session = yield* store.get(sessionID)
         if (!session) return yield* Effect.die(`Session not found: ${sessionID}`)
-        return yield* SessionRunner.Service.use((runner) => runner.run({ sessionID, force: mode === "run" })).pipe(
+        return yield* SessionRunner.Service.use((runner) => runner.run({ sessionID, force })).pipe(
           Effect.provide(locations.get(session.location)),
+          Effect.tapCause((cause) =>
+            Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(cause)
+              ? Effect.void
+              : Effect.logError("Failed to drain Session", cause).pipe(Effect.annotateLogs({ sessionID })),
+          ),
         )
       }),
-      onFailure: (sessionID, cause) => logFailure("Failed to drain Session", sessionID, cause),
     })
 
     return SessionExecution.Service.of({
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/history.ts b/packages/core/src/session/history.ts
index 285c1bcd5c7..fb55ab07569 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/history.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/history.ts
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ type DatabaseService = Database.Interface["db"]
 
 const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownEffect(SessionMessage.Message)
 
-const latestCompaction = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (db: DatabaseService, sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) {
+export const latestCompaction = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (db: DatabaseService, sessionID: SessionSchema.ID) {
   return yield* db
-    .select()
+    .select({ seq: SessionMessageTable.seq })
     .from(SessionMessageTable)
     .where(and(eq(SessionMessageTable.session_id, sessionID), eq(SessionMessageTable.type, "compaction")))
     .orderBy(desc(SessionMessageTable.seq))
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/input.ts b/packages/core/src/session/input.ts
index 041c629988a..a45a3710037 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/input.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/input.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { and, asc, eq, isNull, lte } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { DateTime, Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import type { Database } from "../database/database"
 import type { EventV2 } from "../event"
-import { EventSequenceTable } from "../event/sql"
 import { NonNegativeInt } from "../schema"
 import { V2Schema } from "../v2-schema"
 import { SessionEvent } from "./event"
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ export const admit = Effect.fn("SessionInput.admit")(function* (
   if (existing !== undefined) return existing
   const timestamp = yield* DateTime.now
   return yield* events
-    .publish(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Admitted, {
+    .publish(SessionEvent.PromptAdmitted, {
       messageID: input.id,
       sessionID: input.sessionID,
       timestamp,
@@ -74,11 +73,11 @@ export const admit = Effect.fn("SessionInput.admit")(function* (
     })
     .pipe(
       Effect.flatMap((event) =>
-        event.seq === undefined
+        event.durable === undefined
           ? Effect.die("Prompt admission event is missing aggregate sequence")
           : Effect.succeed(
               new Admitted({
-                admittedSeq: event.seq,
+                admittedSeq: event.durable.seq,
                 id: input.id,
                 sessionID: input.sessionID,
                 prompt: input.prompt,
@@ -93,19 +92,6 @@ export const admit = Effect.fn("SessionInput.admit")(function* (
     )
 })
 
-export const latestSeq = Effect.fn("SessionInput.latestSeq")(function* (
-  db: DatabaseService,
-  sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-) {
-  const row = yield* db
-    .select({ seq: EventSequenceTable.seq })
-    .from(EventSequenceTable)
-    .where(eq(EventSequenceTable.aggregate_id, sessionID))
-    .get()
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  return row?.seq ?? -1
-})
-
 export const projectAdmitted = Effect.fn("SessionInput.projectAdmitted")(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
   input: {
@@ -123,7 +109,7 @@ export const projectAdmitted = Effect.fn("SessionInput.projectAdmitted")(functio
     .where(eq(SessionMessageTable.id, input.id))
     .get()
     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  if (message) return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id: input.id }))
+  if (message !== undefined) return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id: input.id }))
   const stored = yield* db
     .insert(SessionInputTable)
     .values({
@@ -141,12 +127,13 @@ export const projectAdmitted = Effect.fn("SessionInput.projectAdmitted")(functio
   if (!stored) return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id: input.id }))
 })
 
-export const projectPromoted = Effect.fn("SessionInput.projectPromoted")(function* (
+export const projectPrompted = Effect.fn("SessionInput.projectPrompted")(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
   input: {
     readonly id: SessionMessage.ID
     readonly sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
     readonly prompt: Prompt
+    readonly delivery: Delivery
     readonly timeCreated: DateTime.Utc
     readonly promotedSeq: number
   },
@@ -164,14 +151,32 @@ export const projectPromoted = Effect.fn("SessionInput.projectPromoted")(functio
     .returning()
     .get()
     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  if (!updated) return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id: input.id }))
-  const stored = fromRow(updated)
-  if (
-    !matchesPrompt(stored, input) ||
-    DateTime.toEpochMillis(stored.timeCreated) !== DateTime.toEpochMillis(input.timeCreated)
-  )
-    return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id: input.id }))
-  return toMessage(stored)
+  if (updated) {
+    const stored = fromRow(updated)
+    if (!matchesProjection(stored, input)) return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id: input.id }))
+    return
+  }
+
+  const stored = yield* find(db, input.id)
+  if (stored) {
+    if (!matchesProjection(stored, input) || stored.promotedSeq !== input.promotedSeq)
+      return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id: input.id }))
+    return
+  }
+
+  yield* db
+    .insert(SessionInputTable)
+    .values({
+      id: input.id,
+      session_id: input.sessionID,
+      prompt: encodePrompt(input.prompt),
+      delivery: input.delivery,
+      admitted_seq: input.promotedSeq,
+      promoted_seq: input.promotedSeq,
+      time_created: DateTime.toEpochMillis(input.timeCreated),
+    })
+    .run()
+    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
 })
 
 export const hasPending = Effect.fn("SessionInput.hasPending")(function* (
@@ -208,66 +213,17 @@ const matchesPrompt = (input: Admitted, expected: { readonly sessionID: SessionS
   input.sessionID === expected.sessionID &&
   JSON.stringify(encodePrompt(input.prompt)) === JSON.stringify(encodePrompt(expected.prompt))
 
-export const guardReservedID = Effect.fn("SessionInput.guardReservedID")(function* (
-  db: DatabaseService,
-  event: EventV2.Payload,
-) {
-  if (
-    Schema.is(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Admitted)(event) ||
-    Schema.is(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted)(event)
-  )
-    return
-  const id = reservedID(event)
-  if (id === undefined) return
-  const admitted = yield* db
-    .select({ id: SessionInputTable.id })
-    .from(SessionInputTable)
-    .where(eq(SessionInputTable.id, id))
-    .get()
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  if (admitted === undefined) return
-  return yield* Effect.die(new LifecycleConflict({ id }))
-})
-
-const reservedID = (event: EventV2.Payload) => {
-  if (Schema.is(SessionEvent.Step.Started)(event)) return event.data.assistantMessageID
-  if (Schema.is(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched)(event)) return event.data.messageID
-  if (Schema.is(SessionEvent.ModelSwitched)(event)) return event.data.messageID
-  if (Schema.is(SessionEvent.Prompted)(event)) return event.data.messageID
-  if (Schema.is(SessionEvent.Synthetic)(event)) return event.data.messageID
-  if (Schema.is(SessionEvent.Shell.Started)(event)) return event.data.messageID
-  if (Schema.is(SessionEvent.Compaction.Started)(event)) return event.data.messageID
-}
-
-export const projectLegacyPrompted = Effect.fn("SessionInput.projectLegacyPrompted")(function* (
-  db: DatabaseService,
-  input: {
-    readonly id: SessionMessage.ID
+const matchesProjection = (
+  input: Admitted,
+  expected: {
     readonly sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
     readonly prompt: Prompt
     readonly delivery: Delivery
     readonly timeCreated: DateTime.Utc
-    readonly promotedSeq: number
   },
-) {
-  const inserted = yield* db
-    .insert(SessionInputTable)
-    .values({
-      id: input.id,
-      session_id: input.sessionID,
-      admitted_seq: input.promotedSeq,
-      prompt: encodePrompt(input.prompt),
-      delivery: input.delivery,
-      promoted_seq: input.promotedSeq,
-      time_created: DateTime.toEpochMillis(input.timeCreated),
-    })
-    .onConflictDoNothing()
-    .returning()
-    .get()
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  if (!inserted) return yield* Effect.die("Prompt projection conflicts with admitted input")
-  return fromRow(inserted)
-})
+) =>
+  equivalent(input, expected) &&
+  DateTime.toEpochMillis(input.timeCreated) === DateTime.toEpochMillis(expected.timeCreated)
 
 const publish = Effect.fn("SessionInput.publish")(function* (
   db: DatabaseService,
@@ -276,18 +232,19 @@ const publish = Effect.fn("SessionInput.publish")(function* (
   rows: ReadonlyArray<typeof SessionInputTable.$inferSelect>,
 ) {
   for (const row of rows) {
+    const id = SessionMessage.ID.make(row.id)
     yield* events
-      .publish(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted, {
+      .publish(SessionEvent.Prompted, {
         sessionID,
-        timestamp: yield* DateTime.now,
-        messageID: SessionMessage.ID.make(row.id),
+        timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(row.time_created),
+        messageID: id,
         prompt: decodePrompt(row.prompt),
-        timeCreated: DateTime.makeUnsafe(row.time_created),
+        delivery: row.delivery,
       })
       .pipe(
         Effect.catchDefect((defect) =>
           defect instanceof LifecycleConflict
-            ? find(db, SessionMessage.ID.make(row.id)).pipe(
+            ? find(db, id).pipe(
                 Effect.flatMap((stored) => (stored?.promotedSeq === undefined ? Effect.die(defect) : Effect.void)),
               )
             : Effect.die(defect),
@@ -341,13 +298,3 @@ export const promoteNextQueued = Effect.fn("SessionInput.promoteNextQueued")(fun
     .pipe(Effect.orDie)
   return row === undefined ? false : yield* publish(db, events, sessionID, [row]).pipe(Effect.as(true))
 })
-
-const toMessage = (input: Admitted) =>
-  new SessionMessage.User({
-    id: input.id,
-    type: "user",
-    text: input.prompt.text,
-    files: input.prompt.files,
-    agents: input.prompt.agents,
-    time: { created: input.timeCreated },
-  })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/logging.ts b/packages/core/src/session/logging.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index c579ec15dcd..00000000000
--- a/packages/core/src/session/logging.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-import { Cause, Effect } from "effect"
-import { SessionSchema } from "./schema"
-
-export const logFailure = (
-  message: "Failed to drain Session" | "Failed to wake Session",
-  sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-  cause: Cause.Cause<unknown>,
-) => Effect.logError(message, cause).pipe(Effect.annotateLogs({ sessionID }))
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/message-updater.ts b/packages/core/src/session/message-updater.ts
index cf1eb2cedfd..4ece3c2d195 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/message-updater.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/message-updater.ts
@@ -137,8 +137,6 @@ export function update(adapter: Adapter, event: SessionEvent.Event) {
         )
       },
       "session.next.prompt.admitted": () => Effect.void,
-      "session.next.prompt.promoted": () => Effect.void,
-      "session.next.interrupt.requested": () => Effect.void,
       "session.next.context.updated": (event) =>
         adapter.appendMessage(
           new SessionMessage.System({
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/projector.ts b/packages/core/src/session/projector.ts
index caf63de78ac..4a0512d4759 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/projector.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/projector.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ type DatabaseService = Database.Interface["db"]
 const decodeMessage = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(SessionMessage.Message)
 const encodeMessage = Schema.encodeSync(SessionMessage.Message)
 
-class PromptAlreadyProjected extends Error {}
 export class SessionAlreadyProjected extends Error {}
 
 type Usage = {
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ function run(db: DatabaseService, event: SessionEvent.Event) {
     const decodeRow = (row: typeof SessionMessageTable.$inferSelect) =>
       decodeMessage({ ...row.data, id: row.id, type: row.type })
     const updateMessage = (message: SessionMessage.Message) => {
-      if (event.seq === undefined) return Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
+      if (event.durable === undefined) return Effect.die("Durable Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
       const encoded = encodeMessage(message)
       const { id, type, ...data } = encoded
       return db
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ function run(db: DatabaseService, event: SessionEvent.Event) {
 }
 
 function insertMessage(db: DatabaseService, event: SessionEvent.Event, message: SessionMessage.Message) {
-  if (event.seq === undefined) return Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
+  if (event.durable === undefined) return Effect.die("Durable Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
   const encoded = encodeMessage(message)
   const { id, type, ...data } = encoded
   return db
@@ -201,7 +200,7 @@ function insertMessage(db: DatabaseService, event: SessionEvent.Event, message:
       id: SessionMessage.ID.make(id),
       session_id: event.data.sessionID,
       type,
-      seq: event.seq,
+      seq: event.durable.seq,
       time_created: DateTime.toEpochMillis(message.time.created),
       data,
     })
@@ -213,7 +212,6 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const events = yield* EventV2.Service
     const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-    yield* events.beforeCommit((event) => SessionInput.guardReservedID(db, event))
     yield* events.project(SessionV1.Event.Created, (event) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const stored = yield* db
@@ -330,19 +328,14 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
         if (next) yield* applyUsage(db, sessionID, next)
       }),
     )
-    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, (event) => {
-      if (event.seq === undefined) return Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
-      return db
+    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, (event) =>
+      db
         .update(SessionTable)
         .set({ agent: event.data.agent, time_updated: DateTime.toEpochMillis(event.data.timestamp) })
         .where(eq(SessionTable.id, event.data.sessionID))
         .run()
-        .pipe(
-          Effect.orDie,
-          Effect.andThen(run(db, event)),
-          Effect.andThen(SessionContextEpoch.requestReplacement(db, event.data.sessionID, event.seq)),
-        )
-    })
+        .pipe(Effect.orDie, Effect.andThen(run(db, event))),
+    )
     yield* events.project(SessionEvent.ModelSwitched, (event) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         yield* db
@@ -352,40 +345,27 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
           .run()
           .pipe(Effect.orDie)
         yield* run(db, event)
-        if (event.seq === undefined)
-          return yield* Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
-        yield* SessionContextEpoch.requestReplacement(db, event.data.sessionID, event.seq)
       }),
     )
     yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Prompted, (event) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const messageID = event.data.messageID
-        const existing = yield* db
-          .select({ id: SessionMessageTable.id })
-          .from(SessionMessageTable)
-          .where(eq(SessionMessageTable.id, messageID))
-          .get()
-          .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-        if (existing) return yield* Effect.die(new PromptAlreadyProjected())
-        yield* run(db, event)
-        if (event.seq === undefined)
-          return yield* Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
-        yield* SessionInput.projectLegacyPrompted(db, {
-          id: messageID,
+        if (event.durable === undefined) return yield* Effect.die("Durable Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
+        yield* SessionInput.projectPrompted(db, {
+          id: event.data.messageID,
           sessionID: event.data.sessionID,
           prompt: event.data.prompt,
           delivery: event.data.delivery,
           timeCreated: event.data.timestamp,
-          promotedSeq: event.seq,
+          promotedSeq: event.durable.seq,
         })
+        yield* run(db, event)
       }),
     )
-    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Admitted, (event) =>
+    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.PromptAdmitted, (event) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        if (event.seq === undefined)
-          return yield* Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
+        if (event.durable === undefined) return yield* Effect.die("Durable Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
         yield* SessionInput.projectAdmitted(db, {
-          admittedSeq: event.seq,
+          admittedSeq: event.durable.seq,
           id: event.data.messageID,
           sessionID: event.data.sessionID,
           prompt: event.data.prompt,
@@ -394,30 +374,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
         })
       }),
     )
-    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted, (event) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        if (event.seq === undefined)
-          return yield* Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
-        yield* insertMessage(
-          db,
-          event,
-          yield* SessionInput.projectPromoted(db, {
-            id: event.data.messageID,
-            sessionID: event.data.sessionID,
-            prompt: event.data.prompt,
-            timeCreated: event.data.timeCreated,
-            promotedSeq: event.seq,
-          }),
-        )
-      }),
-    )
-    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.InterruptRequested, () => Effect.void)
-    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.ContextUpdated, (event) => {
-      if (!event.replay || event.seq === undefined) return run(db, event)
-      return run(db, event).pipe(
-        Effect.andThen(SessionContextEpoch.requestReplacement(db, event.data.sessionID, event.seq)),
-      )
-    })
+    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.ContextUpdated, (event) => run(db, event))
     yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Synthetic, (event) => run(db, event))
     yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Shell.Started, (event) => run(db, event))
     yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Shell.Ended, (event) => run(db, event))
@@ -435,15 +392,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
     yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Reasoning.Started, (event) => run(db, event))
     yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Reasoning.Ended, (event) => run(db, event))
     // yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Retried, (event) => run(db, event))
-    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Compaction.Ended, (event) => {
-      if (event.version === 1) return Effect.void
-      const seq = event.seq
-      if (seq === undefined) return Effect.die("Synchronized Session event is missing aggregate sequence")
-      return Effect.gen(function* () {
-        yield* run(db, event)
-        yield* SessionContextEpoch.requestReplacement(db, event.data.sessionID, seq)
-      })
-    })
+    yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Compaction.Ended, (event) => run(db, event))
   }),
 )
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts b/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts
index d52b63e8f11..cfab42300ef 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/run-coordinator.ts
@@ -1,106 +1,43 @@
 export * as SessionRunCoordinator from "./run-coordinator"
 
-import { Cause, Context, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, FiberSet, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
-import { SessionRunner } from "./runner"
-import { logFailure } from "./logging"
-import { SessionSchema } from "./schema"
+import { Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, FiberSet, Scope } from "effect"
 
-export type Mode = "run" | "wake"
-
-/** Why one drain generation should run. Explicit runs dominate advisory wakes when demands coalesce. */
-type Demand = { readonly _tag: "run" } | { readonly _tag: "wake"; readonly seq?: number }
-
-/**
- * Runs at most one drain chain per key while allowing different keys to drain concurrently.
- *
- * For each key:
- *
- *   idle --run/wake--> draining --run/wake--> draining + one coalesced rerun --> idle
- *
- * `run` is an explicit drain request. It starts a chain or joins the current chain and
- * upgrades a pending follow-up so the caller receives explicit-run semantics.
- *
- * `wake` reports that durable work may now be available. It starts a chain while idle or
- * requests one coalesced follow-up while draining. Repeated wakes collapse together.
- *
- * `interrupt` stops the current ownership chain. Advisory wakes from before the interrupt
- * boundary are suppressed; advisory wakes after the boundary run after cleanup.
- */
-export interface Coordinator<Key, A, E> {
-  /** Starts or joins one explicit drain generation. */
-  readonly run: (key: Key) => Effect.Effect<A, E>
-  /** Coalesces one wake-up after durable work is recorded. */
-  readonly wake: (key: Key, seq?: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
-  /** Waits until the current ownership chain settles. */
-  readonly awaitIdle: (key: Key) => Effect.Effect<void, E>
-  /** Interrupts the active ownership chain without automatically draining pending wakes. */
-  readonly interrupt: (key: Key, seq?: number) => Effect.Effect<void>
+/** Serializes execution for each key while allowing different keys to run concurrently. */
+export interface Coordinator<Key, E> {
+  /** Starts execution while idle or joins the active execution. */
+  readonly run: (key: Key) => Effect.Effect<void, E>
+  /** Registers one coalesced follow-up after newly recorded work. */
+  readonly wake: (key: Key) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  /** Stops active execution and waits for its cleanup. */
+  readonly interrupt: (key: Key) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
-/** One Session's process-local execution lane: one active demand and at most one coalesced follow-up. */
-type Entry<A, E> = {
-  readonly done: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>
-  readonly settled: Deferred.Deferred<Exit.Exit<A, E>>
-  current: Demand
-  pending?: Demand
-  explicitWaiter?: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>
-  interruptSeq?: number
+type Entry<E> = {
+  readonly done: Deferred.Deferred<void, E>
   owner?: Fiber.Fiber<void, never>
+  pendingWake: boolean
   stopping: boolean
 }
 
-/** Combines follow-up demand: runs dominate, while wakes retain the newest durable admission sequence. */
-const coalesce = (left: Demand | undefined, right: Demand): Demand => {
-  if (left?._tag === "run" || right._tag === "run") return { _tag: "run" }
-  return { _tag: "wake", seq: maxSeq(left?.seq, right.seq) }
-}
-
-const maxSeq = (left: number | undefined, right: number | undefined) => {
-  if (left === undefined) return right
-  if (right === undefined) return left
-  return Math.max(left, right)
-}
-
-/** Constructs a scoped coordinator. Every in-memory transition is synchronous. */
-export const make = <Key, A, E>(options: {
-  readonly drain: (key: Key, mode: Mode) => Effect.Effect<A, E>
-  readonly onFailure?: (key: Key, cause: Cause.Cause<E>) => Effect.Effect<void>
-}): Effect.Effect<Coordinator<Key, A, E>, never, Scope.Scope> =>
+export const make = <Key, E>(options: {
+  readonly drain: (key: Key, force: boolean) => Effect.Effect<void, E>
+}): Effect.Effect<Coordinator<Key, E>, never, Scope.Scope> =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const active = new Map<Key, Entry<A, E>>()
-    const interruptSeq = new Map<Key, number>()
-    const report = yield* FiberSet.makeRuntime<never, void, never>()
+    const active = new Map<Key, Entry<E>>()
     const fork = yield* FiberSet.makeRuntime<never, void, never>()
-    const shutdown = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
-    let closed = false
-    yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
-      Effect.sync(() => {
-        closed = true
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(shutdown, Effect.void)
-        active.clear()
-        interruptSeq.clear()
-      }),
-    )
 
-    const makeEntry = (current: Demand, explicitWaiter?: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>): Entry<A, E> => ({
-      done: Deferred.makeUnsafe<A, E>(),
-      settled: Deferred.makeUnsafe<Exit.Exit<A, E>>(),
-      current,
-      explicitWaiter,
+    const makeEntry = (): Entry<E> => ({
+      done: Deferred.makeUnsafe<void, E>(),
+      pendingWake: false,
       stopping: false,
     })
 
-    const start = (key: Key, entry: Entry<A, E>, demand: Demand, successor = false) => {
+    const start = (key: Key, entry: Entry<E>, force: boolean, successor = false) => {
       const ready = Deferred.makeUnsafe<void>()
-      const drain = Effect.suspend(() => options.drain(key, demand._tag))
-      // Initial work retains immediate-start behavior but cannot run before ownership is published.
-      // Observer-started successors yield once so synchronous drains cannot recurse on the JS stack.
       const owner = fork(
-        (successor
-          ? Effect.yieldNow.pipe(Effect.andThen(drain))
-          : Deferred.await(ready).pipe(Effect.andThen(drain))
-        ).pipe(
-          Effect.onExit((exit) => Effect.sync(() => settle(key, entry, demand, exit))),
+        (successor ? Effect.yieldNow : Deferred.await(ready)).pipe(
+          Effect.andThen(Effect.suspend(() => options.drain(key, force))),
+          Effect.onExit((exit) => Effect.sync(() => settle(key, entry, exit))),
           Effect.exit,
           Effect.asVoid,
         ),
@@ -109,176 +46,57 @@ export const make = <Key, A, E>(options: {
       if (!successor) Deferred.doneUnsafe(ready, Effect.void)
     }
 
-    const settle = (key: Key, entry: Entry<A, E>, demand: Demand, exit: Exit.Exit<A, E>) => {
-      if (closed) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
-        return
-      }
-      if (demand._tag === "run" && entry.explicitWaiter !== undefined) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.explicitWaiter, exit)
-        entry.explicitWaiter = undefined
-      }
-      if (entry.stopping && demand._tag === "wake" && entry.explicitWaiter !== undefined) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.explicitWaiter, exit)
-        entry.explicitWaiter = undefined
-      }
-      if (active.get(key) !== entry) {
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
-        return
-      }
-      if (exit._tag === "Success" && !entry.stopping) {
-        if (entry.pending !== undefined) {
-          const pending = entry.pending
-          entry.pending = undefined
-          entry.current = pending
-          start(key, entry, pending, true)
-          return
-        }
-        active.delete(key)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-        Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
+    const settle = (key: Key, entry: Entry<E>, exit: Exit.Exit<void, E>) => {
+      if (Exit.isSuccess(exit) && !entry.stopping && entry.pendingWake) {
+        entry.pendingWake = false
+        start(key, entry, false, true)
         return
       }
 
-      const successor = entry.pending !== undefined ? makeEntry(entry.pending, entry.explicitWaiter) : undefined
+      const successor = entry.pendingWake ? makeEntry() : undefined
       if (successor === undefined) active.delete(key)
-      else active.set(key, successor)
-      if (successor !== undefined) start(key, successor, successor.current, true)
-      Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
-      Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.settled, Effect.succeed(exit))
-      if (
-        exit._tag === "Failure" &&
-        !(entry.stopping && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)) &&
-        demand._tag === "wake" &&
-        options.onFailure !== undefined
-      ) {
-        report(Effect.suspend(() => options.onFailure!(key, exit.cause)))
+      else {
+        active.set(key, successor)
+        start(key, successor, false, true)
       }
+      Deferred.doneUnsafe(entry.done, exit)
     }
 
-    const wake = (key: Key, seq?: number) =>
-      Effect.sync(() => {
-        if (closed) return
-        if (!isAfterInterrupt(key, seq)) return
+    const run = (key: Key): Effect.Effect<void, E> =>
+      Effect.uninterruptibleMask((restore) => {
         const entry = active.get(key)
         if (entry !== undefined) {
-          if (!acceptsWake(entry, seq)) return
-          entry.pending = coalesce(entry.pending, { _tag: "wake", seq })
+          if (entry.stopping) return restore(Deferred.await(entry.done).pipe(Effect.andThen(run(key))))
+          return restore(Deferred.await(entry.done))
+        }
+
+        const next = makeEntry()
+        active.set(key, next)
+        start(key, next, true)
+        return restore(Deferred.await(next.done))
+      })
+
+    const wake = (key: Key) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        const entry = active.get(key)
+        if (entry !== undefined) {
+          entry.pendingWake = true
           return
         }
 
-        const next = makeEntry({ _tag: "wake", seq })
+        const next = makeEntry()
         active.set(key, next)
-        start(key, next, next.current)
+        start(key, next, false)
       })
 
-    const awaitIdle = (key: Key): Effect.Effect<void, E> =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        let firstFailure: Cause.Cause<E> | undefined
-        while (!closed) {
-          const entry = active.get(key)
-          if (entry === undefined) break
-          const exit = yield* Effect.raceFirst(
-            Deferred.await(entry.settled),
-            Deferred.await(shutdown).pipe(Effect.as(Exit.void)),
-          )
-          if (closed) break
-          if (exit._tag === "Failure" && firstFailure === undefined) firstFailure = exit.cause
-        }
-        if (firstFailure !== undefined) return yield* Effect.failCause(firstFailure)
-      })
-
-    const interrupt = (key: Key, seq?: number): Effect.Effect<void> =>
+    const interrupt = (key: Key): Effect.Effect<void> =>
       Effect.suspend(() => {
         const entry = active.get(key)
-        const latest = interruptSeq.get(key)
-        if (seq !== undefined && latest !== undefined && seq <= latest)
-          return entry?.stopping && entry.owner !== undefined ? Fiber.interrupt(entry.owner) : Effect.void
-        if (seq !== undefined) interruptSeq.set(key, seq)
         if (entry?.owner === undefined) return Effect.void
-        if (
-          seq !== undefined &&
-          entry.current._tag === "wake" &&
-          entry.current.seq !== undefined &&
-          entry.current.seq > seq
-        )
-          return Effect.void
-        if (entry.stopping) {
-          entry.interruptSeq = maxSeq(entry.interruptSeq, seq)
-          suppressPendingAtOrBefore(entry, seq)
-          return Fiber.interrupt(entry.owner)
-        }
         entry.stopping = true
-        entry.interruptSeq = seq
-        suppressPendingAtOrBefore(entry, seq)
+        entry.pendingWake = false
         return Fiber.interrupt(entry.owner)
       })
 
-    return { run, wake, awaitIdle, interrupt }
-
-    function run(key: Key): Effect.Effect<A, E> {
-      return Effect.uninterruptibleMask((restore) => {
-        if (closed) return Effect.interrupt
-        const entry = active.get(key)
-        if (entry !== undefined) {
-          if (entry.stopping) {
-            return restore(Deferred.await(entry.settled).pipe(Effect.andThen(run(key))))
-          }
-          if (entry.current._tag === "wake") {
-            entry.pending = coalesce(entry.pending, { _tag: "run" })
-            entry.explicitWaiter ??= Deferred.makeUnsafe<A, E>()
-            return restore(awaitRun(entry.explicitWaiter))
-          }
-          return restore(awaitRun(entry.done))
-        }
-
-        const next = makeEntry({ _tag: "run" })
-        active.set(key, next)
-        start(key, next, next.current)
-        return restore(awaitRun(next.done))
-      })
-    }
-
-    function awaitRun(done: Deferred.Deferred<A, E>): Effect.Effect<A, E> {
-      return Effect.raceFirst(Deferred.await(done), Deferred.await(shutdown).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.interrupt)))
-    }
-
-    function acceptsWake(entry: Entry<A, E>, seq: number | undefined) {
-      return !entry.stopping || (entry.interruptSeq !== undefined && seq !== undefined && seq > entry.interruptSeq)
-    }
-
-    function isAfterInterrupt(key: Key, seq: number | undefined) {
-      const latest = interruptSeq.get(key)
-      return latest === undefined || (seq !== undefined && seq > latest)
-    }
-
-    function suppressPendingAtOrBefore(entry: Entry<A, E>, seq: number | undefined) {
-      if (
-        entry.pending?._tag === "wake" &&
-        seq !== undefined &&
-        entry.pending.seq !== undefined &&
-        entry.pending.seq > seq
-      )
-        return
-      entry.pending = undefined
-    }
+    return { run, wake, interrupt }
   })
-
-export interface Interface extends Coordinator<SessionSchema.ID, void, SessionRunner.RunError> {}
-
-export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2/SessionRunCoordinator") {}
-
-export const layer = Layer.effect(
-  Service,
-  SessionRunner.Service.pipe(
-    Effect.flatMap((runner) =>
-      make<SessionSchema.ID, void, SessionRunner.RunError>({
-        drain: (sessionID, mode) => runner.run({ sessionID, force: mode === "run" }),
-        onFailure: (sessionID, cause) => logFailure("Failed to drain Session", sessionID, cause),
-      }),
-    ),
-    Effect.map(Service.of),
-  ),
-)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/runner/index.ts b/packages/core/src/session/runner/index.ts
index 67a110413e7..634075dd91b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/runner/index.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/runner/index.ts
@@ -1,30 +1,19 @@
 export * as SessionRunner from "./index"
 
 import type { LLMError } from "@opencode-ai/llm"
-import { Context, Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Context, Effect } from "effect"
 import { SessionSchema } from "../schema"
 import type { ContextSnapshotDecodeError, MessageDecodeError } from "../error"
 import { SessionRunnerModel } from "./model"
 import type { SystemContext } from "../../system-context/index"
-import type { SessionContextEpoch } from "../context-epoch"
 import type { ToolOutputStore } from "../../tool-output-store"
 
-export class StepLimitExceededError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<StepLimitExceededError>()(
-  "SessionRunner.StepLimitExceededError",
-  {
-    sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
-    limit: Schema.Int,
-  },
-) {}
-
 export type RunError =
   | LLMError
   | SessionRunnerModel.Error
   | MessageDecodeError
   | ContextSnapshotDecodeError
-  | StepLimitExceededError
   | SystemContext.InitializationBlocked
-  | SessionContextEpoch.AgentReplacementBlocked
   | ToolOutputStore.Error
 
 /** Runs one local continuation from already-recorded Session history. */
@@ -32,7 +21,7 @@ export interface Interface {
   /** Drains eligible durable work. Explicit runs perform one provider attempt even when no work is eligible. */
   readonly run: (input: {
     readonly sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
-    readonly force?: boolean
+    readonly force: boolean
   }) => Effect.Effect<void, RunError>
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/runner/llm.ts b/packages/core/src/session/runner/llm.ts
index 02a1eb3fed2..2cd77beb071 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/runner/llm.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/runner/llm.ts
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ import {
   LLMClient,
   LLMError,
   LLMEvent,
+  Message,
   SystemPart,
   isContextOverflowFailure,
   type ProviderErrorEvent,
 } from "@opencode-ai/llm"
-import { Cause, DateTime, Effect, FiberSet, Layer, Option, Schema, Semaphore, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Cause, DateTime, Effect, FiberSet, Layer, Option, Semaphore, Stream } from "effect"
 import { AgentV2 } from "../../agent"
 import { Config } from "../../config"
 import { Database } from "../../database/database"
@@ -29,10 +30,11 @@ import { SessionHistory } from "../history"
 import { SessionInput } from "../input"
 import { SessionSchema } from "../schema"
 import { SessionStore } from "../store"
-import { type RunError, Service, StepLimitExceededError } from "./index"
+import { type RunError, Service } from "./index"
 import { SessionRunnerModel } from "./model"
 import { createLLMEventPublisher } from "./publish-llm-event"
 import { toLLMMessages } from "./to-llm-message"
+import { MAX_STEPS_PROMPT } from "./max-steps"
 
 /**
  * Runs one durable coding-agent Session until it settles.
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ import { toLLMMessages } from "./to-llm-message"
  *   - [ ] Replace local ownership with durable multi-node ownership when clustered.
  *   - [ ] Mark busy, retrying, idle, interrupted, or terminal-failure status durably.
  *   - [ ] Honor interruption and reject stale work after runtime attachment replacement.
- *   - [x] Bound model steps.
+ *   - [x] Honor optional agent step limits.
  *   - [ ] Bound provider retries and repeated identical tool calls.
  *
  * - Runtime context assembly
@@ -77,16 +79,13 @@ import { toLLMMessages } from "./to-llm-message"
  *   - [ ] Update title, summaries, compaction state, and cleanup in bounded background work.
  *
  * Use `llm.stream(request)` for each provider turn. Keep tool execution and continuation here.
- * Durable activity recovery remains a separate future slice with an explicit retry policy.
+ * Durable continuation recovery remains a separate future slice with an explicit retry policy.
  *
  * The current slice loads V2 history, translates it, resolves a model through a core service, and persists one
- * provider turn. Registry definitions are advertised, local tool calls are settled durably, and a
- * bounded explicit loop starts the next provider turn after local settlement.
+ * provider turn. Registry definitions are advertised, local tool calls are settled durably, and an
+ * explicit loop starts the next provider turn after local settlement. Configured agent step limits bound the loop.
  */
 
-// QUESTION: Did this exist previously, or did we add this limit? Does it make sense?
-const MAX_STEPS = 25
-
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -142,10 +141,10 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       cause.reasons.some((reason) => Cause.isDieReason(reason) && reason.defect instanceof QuestionV2.RejectedError)
 
     type TurnTransition =
-      // Request preparation observed a concurrent Session change and must restart from durable state.
-      | { readonly _tag: "RebuildPreparedTurn"; readonly promotion?: SessionInput.Delivery }
+      // Automatic compaction completed; rebuild the request from compacted history.
+      | { readonly _tag: "ContinueAfterCompaction"; readonly step: number }
       // Overflow compaction completed; rebuild once through the path without overflow recovery.
-      | { readonly _tag: "ContinueAfterOverflowCompaction" }
+      | { readonly _tag: "ContinueAfterOverflowCompaction"; readonly step: number }
 
     class TurnTransitionError extends Error {
       constructor(readonly transition: TurnTransition) {
@@ -153,20 +152,10 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       }
     }
 
-    const rebuildPreparedTurn = (promotion?: SessionInput.Delivery) =>
-      new TurnTransitionError({ _tag: "RebuildPreparedTurn", promotion })
-    const continueAfterOverflowCompaction = new TurnTransitionError({
-      _tag: "ContinueAfterOverflowCompaction",
-    })
+    const continueAfterCompaction = (step: number) => new TurnTransitionError({ _tag: "ContinueAfterCompaction", step })
+    const continueAfterOverflowCompaction = (step: number) =>
+      new TurnTransitionError({ _tag: "ContinueAfterOverflowCompaction", step })
 
-    const retryAgentMismatch = (promotion: SessionInput.Delivery | undefined) =>
-      Effect.catchDefect((defect) =>
-        defect instanceof SessionContextEpoch.AgentMismatch
-          ? Effect.die(rebuildPreparedTurn(promotion))
-          : Effect.die(defect),
-      )
-
-    const sameModel = Schema.toEquivalence(Schema.UndefinedOr(ModelV2.Ref))
     const loadSystemContext = (agent: AgentV2.Selection) =>
       Effect.all([systemContext.load(), skillGuidance.load(agent), referenceGuidance.load()], {
         concurrency: "unbounded",
@@ -175,46 +164,34 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
     const runTurnAttempt = Effect.fn("SessionRunner.runTurn")(function* (
       sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
       promotion: SessionInput.Delivery | undefined,
+      step: number,
       recoverOverflow?: typeof compaction.compactAfterOverflow,
     ) {
       const session = yield* getSession(sessionID)
       if (session.location.directory !== location.directory || session.location.workspaceID !== location.workspaceID)
         return yield* Effect.interrupt
       const agent = yield* agents.select(session.agent)
-      const initialized = yield* SessionContextEpoch.initialize(
-        db,
-        loadSystemContext(agent),
-        session.id,
-        session.location,
-        agent.id,
-      ).pipe(retryAgentMismatch(promotion))
+      const initialized = yield* SessionContextEpoch.initialize(db, loadSystemContext(agent), session.id)
       const toolFibers = yield* FiberSet.make<void, ToolOutputStore.Error>()
       let needsContinuation = false
+      let currentStep = step
       if (promotion) {
-        const cutoff = yield* SessionInput.latestSeq(db, session.id)
-        if (promotion === "steer") yield* SessionInput.promoteSteers(db, events, session.id, cutoff)
+        const cutoff = yield* EventV2.latestSequence(db, session.id)
+        let promoted = 0
+        if (promotion === "steer") promoted = yield* SessionInput.promoteSteers(db, events, session.id, cutoff)
         if (promotion === "queue") {
-          yield* SessionInput.promoteNextQueued(db, events, session.id)
-          yield* SessionInput.promoteSteers(db, events, session.id, cutoff)
+          promoted += Number(yield* SessionInput.promoteNextQueued(db, events, session.id))
+          promoted += yield* SessionInput.promoteSteers(db, events, session.id, cutoff)
         }
+        if (promoted > 0) currentStep = 1
       }
       const system =
-        initialized ??
-        (yield* SessionContextEpoch.prepare(
-          db,
-          events,
-          loadSystemContext(agent),
-          session.id,
-          session.location,
-          agent.id,
-        ).pipe(retryAgentMismatch(undefined)))
-      const current = yield* getSession(sessionID)
-      if ((yield* agents.select(current.agent)).id !== agent.id || !sameModel(current.model, session.model))
-        return yield* Effect.die(rebuildPreparedTurn())
+        initialized ?? (yield* SessionContextEpoch.prepare(db, events, loadSystemContext(agent), session.id))
       const model = yield* models.resolve(session)
       const entries = yield* SessionHistory.entriesForRunner(db, session.id, system.baselineSeq)
       const context = entries.map((entry) => entry.message)
-      const toolMaterialization = yield* tools.materialize(agent.info?.permissions)
+      const isLastStep = agent.info?.steps !== undefined && currentStep >= agent.info.steps
+      const toolMaterialization = isLastStep ? undefined : yield* tools.materialize(agent.info?.permissions)
       const promptCacheKey = /^ses_[0-9a-f]{64}$/.test(session.id) ? session.id.slice(4) : session.id
       const request = LLM.request({
         model,
@@ -222,11 +199,12 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         system: [agent.info?.system, system.baseline]
           .filter((part): part is string => part !== undefined && part.length > 0)
           .map(SystemPart.make),
-        messages: toLLMMessages(context, model),
-        tools: toolMaterialization.definitions,
+        messages: [...toLLMMessages(context, model), ...(isLastStep ? [Message.assistant(MAX_STEPS_PROMPT)] : [])],
+        tools: toolMaterialization?.definitions ?? [],
+        toolChoice: isLastStep ? "none" : undefined,
       })
       if (yield* compaction.compactIfNeeded({ sessionID: session.id, entries, model, request }))
-        return yield* Effect.die(rebuildPreparedTurn())
+        return yield* Effect.die(continueAfterCompaction(currentStep))
       const publisher = createLLMEventPublisher(events, {
         sessionID: session.id,
         agent: agent.id,
@@ -240,8 +218,6 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       const publish = (event: LLMEvent, outputPaths: ReadonlyArray<string> = []) =>
         withPublication(publisher.publish(event, outputPaths))
       let overflowFailure: ProviderErrorEvent | undefined
-      if (!(yield* SessionContextEpoch.current(db, session.id, agent.id, system.revision)))
-        return yield* Effect.die(rebuildPreparedTurn())
       const providerStream = llm.stream(request).pipe(
         Stream.runForEach((event) =>
           Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -254,6 +230,10 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             }
             yield* publish(event)
             if (event.type !== "tool-call" || event.providerExecuted) return
+            if (!toolMaterialization) {
+              yield* withPublication(publisher.failUnsettledTools("Tools are disabled after the maximum agent steps"))
+              return
+            }
             needsContinuation = true
             const assistantMessageID = yield* publisher.assistantMessageID(event.id)
             yield* Effect.uninterruptibleMask((restore) =>
@@ -294,19 +274,12 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             isContextOverflowFailure(overflowFailure ?? failure) &&
             (yield* restore(recoverOverflow({ sessionID: session.id, entries, model, request })))
           )
-            return yield* Effect.die(continueAfterOverflowCompaction)
+            return yield* Effect.die(continueAfterOverflowCompaction(currentStep))
           if (overflowFailure) yield* publish(overflowFailure)
           const llmFailure = failure instanceof LLMError ? failure : undefined
           if (llmFailure && !publisher.hasProviderError()) {
             yield* withPublication(publisher.failUnsettledTools("Provider did not return a tool result", true))
-            yield* withPublication(
-              events.publish(SessionEvent.Step.Failed, {
-                sessionID: session.id,
-                timestamp: yield* DateTime.now,
-                assistantMessageID: yield* publisher.startAssistant(),
-                error: { type: "unknown", message: llmFailure.reason.message },
-              }),
-            )
+            yield* withPublication(publisher.failAssistant(llmFailure.reason.message))
           }
           if (stream._tag === "Failure" && Cause.hasInterrupts(stream.cause)) yield* FiberSet.clear(toolFibers)
           const settled = yield* restore(awaitToolFibers(toolFibers)).pipe(Effect.exit)
@@ -321,6 +294,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
           ) {
             yield* FiberSet.clear(toolFibers)
             yield* withPublication(publisher.failUnsettledTools("Tool execution interrupted"))
+            if (publisher.hasActiveAssistant())
+              yield* withPublication(publisher.failAssistant("Provider turn interrupted"))
           }
           if (settled._tag === "Failure" && !Cause.hasInterrupts(settled.cause)) {
             const failure = Cause.squash(settled.cause)
@@ -333,38 +308,39 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             yield* withPublication(publisher.failUnsettledTools("Provider did not return a tool result", true))
           if (stream._tag === "Failure") return yield* Effect.failCause(stream.cause)
           if (settled._tag === "Failure") return yield* Effect.failCause(settled.cause)
-          return !publisher.hasProviderError() && needsContinuation
+          return { needsContinuation: !publisher.hasProviderError() && needsContinuation, step: currentStep }
         }),
       )
     }, Effect.scoped)
     type RunTurn = (
       sessionID: SessionSchema.ID,
       promotion: SessionInput.Delivery | undefined,
-    ) => Effect.Effect<boolean, RunError>
+      step: number,
+    ) => Effect.Effect<{ readonly needsContinuation: boolean; readonly step: number }, RunError>
 
-    const runAfterOverflowCompaction: RunTurn = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID, promotion) {
-      return yield* runTurnAttempt(sessionID, promotion).pipe(
+    const runAfterOverflowCompaction: RunTurn = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID, promotion, step) {
+      return yield* runTurnAttempt(sessionID, promotion, step).pipe(
         Effect.catchDefect(
           Effect.fnUntraced(function* (defect) {
             if (!(defect instanceof TurnTransitionError)) return yield* Effect.die(defect)
             if (defect.transition._tag === "ContinueAfterOverflowCompaction")
               return yield* Effect.die("Post-compaction provider attempt cannot recover another overflow")
             yield* Effect.yieldNow
-            return yield* runAfterOverflowCompaction(sessionID, defect.transition.promotion)
+            return yield* runAfterOverflowCompaction(sessionID, undefined, defect.transition.step)
           }),
         ),
       )
     })
 
-    const runTurn: RunTurn = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID, promotion) {
-      return yield* runTurnAttempt(sessionID, promotion, compaction.compactAfterOverflow).pipe(
+    const runTurn: RunTurn = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (sessionID, promotion, step) {
+      return yield* runTurnAttempt(sessionID, promotion, step, compaction.compactAfterOverflow).pipe(
         Effect.catchDefect(
           Effect.fnUntraced(function* (defect) {
             if (!(defect instanceof TurnTransitionError)) return yield* Effect.die(defect)
             yield* Effect.yieldNow
             if (defect.transition._tag === "ContinueAfterOverflowCompaction")
-              return yield* runAfterOverflowCompaction(sessionID, undefined)
-            return yield* runTurn(sessionID, defect.transition.promotion)
+              return yield* runAfterOverflowCompaction(sessionID, undefined, defect.transition.step)
+            return yield* runTurn(sessionID, undefined, defect.transition.step)
           }),
         ),
       )
@@ -372,26 +348,26 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 
     const run = Effect.fn("SessionRunner.run")(function* (input: {
       readonly sessionID: SessionSchema.ID
-      readonly force?: boolean
+      readonly force: boolean
     }) {
       const hasSteer = yield* SessionInput.hasPending(db, input.sessionID, "steer")
       const hasQueue = hasSteer ? false : yield* SessionInput.hasPending(db, input.sessionID, "queue")
-      if (input.force !== true && !hasSteer && !hasQueue) return
+      if (!input.force && !hasSteer && !hasQueue) return
       yield* failInterruptedTools(input.sessionID)
       let promotion: SessionInput.Delivery | undefined = hasSteer ? "steer" : hasQueue ? "queue" : undefined
-      let openActivity = input.force === true || hasSteer || hasQueue
-      while (openActivity) {
+      let shouldRun = input.force || hasSteer || hasQueue
+      while (shouldRun) {
         let needsContinuation = true
-        for (let step = 0; step < MAX_STEPS; step++) {
-          needsContinuation = yield* runTurn(input.sessionID, promotion)
+        let step = 1
+        while (needsContinuation) {
+          const result = yield* runTurn(input.sessionID, promotion, step)
+          needsContinuation = result.needsContinuation
+          step = result.step + 1
           promotion = "steer"
           if (!needsContinuation) needsContinuation = yield* SessionInput.hasPending(db, input.sessionID, "steer")
-          if (!needsContinuation) break
         }
-        if (needsContinuation)
-          return yield* new StepLimitExceededError({ sessionID: input.sessionID, limit: MAX_STEPS })
-        openActivity = yield* SessionInput.hasPending(db, input.sessionID, "queue")
-        promotion = openActivity ? "queue" : undefined
+        shouldRun = yield* SessionInput.hasPending(db, input.sessionID, "queue")
+        promotion = shouldRun ? "queue" : undefined
       }
     })
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt/max-steps.txt b/packages/core/src/session/runner/max-steps.ts
similarity index 90%
rename from packages/opencode/src/session/prompt/max-steps.txt
rename to packages/core/src/session/runner/max-steps.ts
index 3aefa73779c..040584ab173 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt/max-steps.txt
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/runner/max-steps.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-CRITICAL - MAXIMUM STEPS REACHED
+export const MAX_STEPS_PROMPT = `CRITICAL - MAXIMUM STEPS REACHED
 
 The maximum number of steps allowed for this task has been reached. Tools are disabled until next user input. Respond with text only.
 
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ Response must include:
 - List of any remaining tasks that were not completed
 - Recommendations for what should be done next
 
-Any attempt to use tools is a critical violation. Respond with text ONLY.
\ No newline at end of file
+Any attempt to use tools is a critical violation. Respond with text ONLY.`
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/runner/model.ts b/packages/core/src/session/runner/model.ts
index 3d93a899978..68e4ba5e6ac 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/runner/model.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/runner/model.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import * as AnthropicMessages from "@opencode-ai/llm/protocols/anthropic-message
 import * as OpenAICompatibleChat from "@opencode-ai/llm/protocols/openai-compatible-chat"
 import * as OpenAIResponses from "@opencode-ai/llm/protocols/openai-responses"
 import { Auth, type AnyRoute } from "@opencode-ai/llm/route"
-import { Context, Effect, Layer, Option, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { produce } from "immer"
 import { Catalog } from "../../catalog"
 import { Credential } from "../../credential"
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import { Integration } from "../../integration"
 import { IntegrationConnection } from "../../integration/connection"
 import { ModelV2 } from "../../model"
 import { ModelRequest } from "../../model-request"
-import { PluginBoot } from "../../plugin/boot"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "../../provider"
 import { SessionSchema } from "../schema"
 
@@ -24,6 +23,23 @@ export class ModelNotSelectedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelNotSelec
   },
 ) {}
 
+export class ModelUnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelUnavailableError>()(
+  "SessionRunnerModel.ModelUnavailableError",
+  {
+    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
+    modelID: ModelV2.ID,
+  },
+) {}
+
+export class VariantUnavailableError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<VariantUnavailableError>()(
+  "SessionRunnerModel.VariantUnavailableError",
+  {
+    providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
+    modelID: ModelV2.ID,
+    variant: ModelV2.VariantID,
+  },
+) {}
+
 export class UnsupportedApiError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<UnsupportedApiError>()(
   "SessionRunnerModel.UnsupportedApiError",
   {
@@ -33,11 +49,7 @@ export class UnsupportedApiError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<UnsupportedApiE
   },
 ) {}
 
-export type Error =
-  | Catalog.ProviderNotFoundError
-  | Catalog.ModelNotFoundError
-  | ModelNotSelectedError
-  | UnsupportedApiError
+export type Error = ModelNotSelectedError | ModelUnavailableError | VariantUnavailableError | UnsupportedApiError
 
 export interface Interface {
   readonly resolve: (session: SessionSchema.Info) => Effect.Effect<Model, Error>
@@ -48,7 +60,7 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2
 /** Test or embedding seam for supplying a model resolver directly. */
 export const layerWith = (resolve: Interface["resolve"]) => Layer.succeed(Service, Service.of({ resolve }))
 
-const apiKey = (model: ModelV2.Info, connection?: IntegrationConnection.Info, credential?: Credential.Stored) => {
+const apiKey = (model: ModelV2.Info, connection?: IntegrationConnection.Info, credential?: Credential.Info) => {
   if (credential?.value.type === "key") return Auth.value(credential.value.key)
   if (credential?.value.type === "oauth") return Auth.value(credential.value.access)
   const value = model.request.body.apiKey ?? model.api.settings?.apiKey
@@ -74,13 +86,27 @@ const withDefaults = (model: ModelV2.Info, route: AnyRoute) => {
   })
 }
 
-const withVariant = (model: ModelV2.Info, variantID: ModelV2.VariantID | undefined) => {
+const withVariant = (
+  model: ModelV2.Info,
+  variantID: ModelV2.VariantID | undefined,
+): Effect.Effect<ModelV2.Info, VariantUnavailableError> => {
   const id = variantID === "default" || variantID === undefined ? model.request.variant : variantID
   const variant = model.variants.find((item) => item.id === id)
-  if (!variant) return model
-  return produce(model, (draft) => {
-    ModelRequest.assign(draft.request, variant)
-  })
+  if (!variant && variantID !== undefined && variantID !== "default")
+    return Effect.fail(
+      new VariantUnavailableError({
+        providerID: model.providerID,
+        modelID: model.id,
+        variant: variantID,
+      }),
+    )
+  return Effect.succeed(
+    variant
+      ? produce(model, (draft) => {
+          ModelRequest.assign(draft.request, variant)
+        })
+      : model,
+  )
 }
 
 const apiName = (model: ModelV2.Info) =>
@@ -89,7 +115,7 @@ const apiName = (model: ModelV2.Info) =>
 export const fromCatalogModel = (
   model: ModelV2.Info,
   connection?: IntegrationConnection.Info,
-  credential?: Credential.Stored,
+  credential?: Credential.Info,
 ): Effect.Effect<Model, UnsupportedApiError> => {
   const resolved =
     credential?.value.metadata === undefined
@@ -128,8 +154,15 @@ export const fromCatalogModel = (
   )
 }
 
-export const resolve = (session: SessionSchema.Info, model: ModelV2.Info) =>
-  fromCatalogModel(withVariant(model, session.model?.variant))
+export const resolve = (
+  session: SessionSchema.Info,
+  model: ModelV2.Info,
+  connection?: IntegrationConnection.Info,
+  credential?: Credential.Info,
+) =>
+  withVariant(model, session.model?.variant).pipe(
+    Effect.flatMap((model) => fromCatalogModel(model, connection, credential)),
+  )
 
 export const supported = (model: ModelV2.Info) =>
   model.api.type === "aisdk" &&
@@ -144,19 +177,27 @@ export const locationLayer = Layer.effect(
     const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
     const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
     const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    const boot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
     return Service.of({
       resolve: Effect.fn("SessionRunnerModel.resolve")(function* (session) {
         // Location plugins populate and filter the catalog asynchronously during layer startup.
-        yield* boot.wait()
+        const defaultModel = session.model ? undefined : yield* catalog.model.default()
         const selected = session.model
-          ? yield* catalog.model.get(session.model.providerID, session.model.id)
-          : (Option.getOrUndefined((yield* catalog.model.default()).pipe(Option.filter(supported))) ??
-            (yield* catalog.model.available()).find(supported))
+          ? (yield* catalog.model.available()).find(
+              (model) => model.providerID === session.model?.providerID && model.id === session.model.id,
+            )
+          : defaultModel && supported(defaultModel)
+            ? defaultModel
+            : (yield* catalog.model.available()).find(supported)
+        if (!selected && session.model)
+          return yield* new ModelUnavailableError({
+            providerID: session.model.providerID,
+            modelID: session.model.id,
+          })
         if (!selected) return yield* new ModelNotSelectedError({ sessionID: session.id })
         const connection = yield* integrations.connection.forIntegration(Integration.ID.make(selected.providerID))
-        return yield* fromCatalogModel(
-          withVariant(selected, session.model?.variant),
+        return yield* resolve(
+          session,
+          selected,
           connection,
           connection?.type === "credential" ? yield* credentials.get(connection.id) : undefined,
         )
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/runner/publish-llm-event.ts b/packages/core/src/session/runner/publish-llm-event.ts
index 5390a26e3b8..b412edba0db 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/runner/publish-llm-event.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/runner/publish-llm-event.ts
@@ -65,11 +65,14 @@ export const createLLMEventPublisher = (events: EventV2.Interface, input: Input)
   >()
   const timestamp = DateTime.now
   let assistantMessageID: SessionMessage.ID | undefined
+  let assistantActive = false
+  let assistantFailed = false
   let providerFailed = false
 
   const startAssistant = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
     if (assistantMessageID !== undefined) return assistantMessageID
     assistantMessageID = SessionMessage.ID.create()
+    assistantActive = true
     yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Step.Started, {
       ...input,
       assistantMessageID,
@@ -190,6 +193,20 @@ export const createLLMEventPublisher = (events: EventV2.Interface, input: Input)
     yield* flushFragments()
   })
 
+  const failAssistant = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (message: string) {
+    if (assistantFailed) return
+    yield* flush()
+    const assistantMessageID = yield* startAssistant()
+    assistantActive = false
+    assistantFailed = true
+    yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Step.Failed, {
+      sessionID: input.sessionID,
+      timestamp: yield* timestamp,
+      assistantMessageID,
+      error: { type: "unknown", message },
+    })
+  })
+
   const failUnsettledTools = Effect.fn("SessionRunner.failUnsettledTools")(function* (
     message: string,
     hostedOnly = false,
@@ -375,6 +392,7 @@ export const createLLMEventPublisher = (events: EventV2.Interface, input: Input)
       }
       case "step-finish":
         yield* flush()
+        assistantActive = false
         yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Step.Ended, {
           sessionID: input.sessionID,
           timestamp: yield* timestamp,
@@ -388,13 +406,7 @@ export const createLLMEventPublisher = (events: EventV2.Interface, input: Input)
         return
       case "provider-error":
         providerFailed = true
-        yield* flush()
-        yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Step.Failed, {
-          sessionID: input.sessionID,
-          timestamp: yield* timestamp,
-          assistantMessageID: yield* startAssistant(),
-          error: { type: "unknown", message: event.message },
-        })
+        yield* failAssistant(event.message)
         return
     }
   })
@@ -402,10 +414,11 @@ export const createLLMEventPublisher = (events: EventV2.Interface, input: Input)
   return {
     publish,
     flush,
+    failAssistant,
     failUnsettledTools,
+    hasActiveAssistant: () => assistantActive,
     hasAssistantStarted: () => assistantMessageID !== undefined,
     hasProviderError: () => providerFailed,
-    startAssistant,
     assistantMessageID: assistantMessageIDForTool,
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/runner/to-llm-message.ts b/packages/core/src/session/runner/to-llm-message.ts
index ae36f205b17..f0ce7eef7f1 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/runner/to-llm-message.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/runner/to-llm-message.ts
@@ -82,12 +82,21 @@ const assistant = (message: SessionMessage.Assistant, model: Model) => {
     const result = toolResult(item, sameModel ? (item.provider?.resultMetadata ?? item.provider?.metadata) : undefined)
     return item.provider?.executed === true && result ? [call, result] : [call]
   })
+  const meaningful = content.filter((part) => {
+    if (part.type === "text") return part.text !== ""
+    if (part.type !== "reasoning") return true
+    return part.text !== "" || (part.providerMetadata !== undefined && Object.keys(part.providerMetadata).length > 0)
+  })
   const results = message.content
     .filter((item): item is SessionMessage.AssistantTool => item.type === "tool" && item.provider?.executed !== true)
     .map((item) => toolResult(item, sameModel ? (item.provider?.resultMetadata ?? item.provider?.metadata) : undefined))
     .filter((message) => message !== undefined)
     .map(Message.tool)
-  return [Message.make({ id: message.id, role: "assistant", content, metadata: message.metadata }), ...results]
+  if (meaningful.length === 0) return results
+  return [
+    Message.make({ id: message.id, role: "assistant", content: meaningful, metadata: message.metadata }),
+    ...results,
+  ]
 }
 
 function toLLMMessage(message: SessionMessage.Message, model: Model): Message[] {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/session/sql.ts b/packages/core/src/session/sql.ts
index ca3d8e1b530..a9499554b42 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/session/sql.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/session/sql.ts
@@ -170,9 +170,6 @@ export const SessionContextEpochTable = sqliteTable("session_context_epoch", {
     .primaryKey()
     .references(() => SessionTable.id, { onDelete: "cascade" }),
   baseline: text().notNull(),
-  agent: text().$type<AgentV2.ID>().notNull().default(AgentV2.defaultID),
   snapshot: text({ mode: "json" }).notNull().$type<SystemContext.Snapshot>(),
   baseline_seq: integer().notNull(),
-  replacement_seq: integer(),
-  revision: integer().notNull().default(0),
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/skill.ts b/packages/core/src/skill.ts
index 259c8aff5e5..31e3d60c222 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/skill.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/skill.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 export * as SkillV2 from "./skill"
 
 import path from "path"
-import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
-import { castDraft } from "immer"
+import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema, Types } from "effect"
 import { AgentV2 } from "./agent"
 import { ConfigMarkdown } from "./config/markdown"
 import { FSUtil } from "./fs-util"
@@ -65,16 +64,15 @@ const Frontmatter = Schema.Struct({
 const decodeFrontmatter = Schema.decodeUnknownOption(Frontmatter)
 
 export type Data = {
-  sources: Source[]
+  sources: Types.DeepMutable<Source>[]
 }
 
-export type Editor = {
+export type Draft = {
   source: (source: Source) => void
   list: () => readonly Source[]
 }
 
-export interface Interface {
-  readonly transform: State.Interface<Data, Editor>["transform"]
+export interface Interface extends State.Transformable<Draft> {
   readonly sources: () => Effect.Effect<Source[]>
   readonly list: () => Effect.Effect<Info[]>
 }
@@ -87,12 +85,12 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
     const discovery = yield* SkillDiscovery.Service
     const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
 
-    const state = State.create<Data, Editor>({
+    const state = State.create<Data, Draft>({
       initial: () => ({ sources: [] }),
-      editor: (draft) => ({
+      draft: (draft) => ({
         source: (source) => {
           if (draft.sources.some((item) => Source.equals(item, source))) return
-          draft.sources.push(castDraft(source))
+          draft.sources.push(source as Types.DeepMutable<Source>)
         },
         list: () => draft.sources as Source[],
       }),
@@ -150,6 +148,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
 
     return Service.of({
       transform: state.transform,
+      reload: state.reload,
       sources: Effect.fn("SkillV2.sources")(function* () {
         return state.get().sources
       }),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/skill/guidance.ts b/packages/core/src/skill/guidance.ts
index 92fb4c0a629..81a33f01645 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/skill/guidance.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/skill/guidance.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ export * as SkillGuidance from "./guidance"
 import { Context, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { AgentV2 } from "../agent"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "../permission"
-import { PluginBoot } from "../plugin/boot"
 import { SkillV2 } from "../skill"
 import { SystemContext } from "../system-context/index"
 
@@ -40,12 +39,10 @@ export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/v2
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const boot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
     const skills = yield* SkillV2.Service
 
     return Service.of({
       load: Effect.fn("SkillGuidance.load")(function* (selection) {
-        yield* boot.wait()
         const agent = selection.info
         if (!agent) return SystemContext.empty
         const permitted = SkillV2.available(yield* skills.list(), agent)
diff --git a/packages/core/src/state.ts b/packages/core/src/state.ts
index 7f1ae58d24c..ab3457fc181 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/state.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/state.ts
@@ -1,112 +1,128 @@
 export * as State from "./state"
 
-import { Effect, Scope, Semaphore } from "effect"
-import type { Draft, Objectish } from "immer"
+import { Context, Effect, Scope, Semaphore } from "effect"
 
 /**
- * A replayable transform applied to an editor during rebuild.
+ * A replayable transform applied to a draft during reload.
  *
- * Transforms are intentionally synchronous and mutation-shaped: domain editors
- * hide the draft representation while preserving concise plugin/config code.
+ * Domain drafts expose readable and writable state while preserving concise
+ * plugin/config code. Transforms may perform Effects before returning.
  */
-export type Transform<Editor> = (editor: Editor) => void
-export type MakeEditor<State extends Objectish, Editor> = (draft: Draft<State>) => Editor
+type TransformCallback<DraftApi> = (draft: DraftApi) => Effect.Effect<void> | void
+export type MakeDraft<State, DraftApi> = (state: State) => DraftApi
 
-export interface Options<State extends Objectish, Editor> {
-  /** Creates the base value for initial state and every scoped-transform rebuild. */
-  readonly initial: () => State
-  /** Wraps the mutable draft in a domain-specific editor. */
-  readonly editor: MakeEditor<State, Editor>
-  /**
-   * Completes every committed edit.
-   *
-   * For rebuilds, this runs after all active transforms have been replayed and
-   * before the rebuilt state becomes visible. For direct updates, this runs
-   * after the current state has already been edited. The optional reason is
-   * caller-defined metadata for exceptional update origins.
-   */
-  readonly finalize?: (editor: Editor, reason?: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+export interface Registration {
+  readonly dispose: Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
-export interface Interface<State extends Objectish, Editor> {
+export type Transform<DraftApi> = (
+  transform: TransformCallback<DraftApi>,
+) => Effect.Effect<Registration, never, Scope.Scope>
+
+export type Reload = () => Effect.Effect<void>
+
+export interface Transformable<DraftApi> {
+  readonly transform: Transform<DraftApi>
+  readonly reload: Reload
+}
+
+const CurrentBatch = Context.Reference<Set<Reload> | undefined>("@opencode/State/CurrentBatch", {
+  defaultValue: () => undefined,
+})
+
+export function batch<A, E, R>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const current = yield* CurrentBatch
+    if (current) return yield* effect
+    const reloads = new Set<Reload>()
+    const result = yield* effect.pipe(Effect.provideService(CurrentBatch, reloads))
+    yield* Effect.forEach(reloads, (reload) => reload(), { discard: true })
+    return result
+  })
+}
+
+export interface Options<State, DraftApi> {
+  /** Creates the base value for initial state and every scoped-transform reload. */
+  readonly initial: () => State
+  /** Wraps mutable state in a domain-specific draft API. */
+  readonly draft: MakeDraft<State, DraftApi>
+  /** Runs after all active transforms and before the rebuilt state becomes visible. */
+  readonly finalize?: (draft: DraftApi) => Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+
+export interface Interface<State, DraftApi> extends Transformable<DraftApi> {
   readonly get: () => State
   /**
-   * Registers a scoped transform slot and returns the slot updater.
-   *
-   * Acquiring the slot has no visible effect until the returned updater is
-   * called. Each updater call replaces that slot's transform, then rebuilds the
-   * materialized state from `initial()` by replaying all active transforms in
-   * registration order. Closing the owning Scope removes the slot and rebuilds.
+   * Registers and applies a scoped transform. Closing the owning Scope removes
+   * the transform and reloads the materialized state.
    */
-  readonly transform: () => Effect.Effect<(transform: Transform<Editor>) => Effect.Effect<void>, never, Scope.Scope>
-  /** Registers and applies a replayable transform in the current Scope. */
-  readonly update: (update: Transform<Editor>) => Effect.Effect<void, never, Scope.Scope>
-  /**
-   * Mutates the current materialized state directly, once.
-   *
-   * This is not replayable transform state: a later rebuild starts again
-   * from `initial()` plus active transforms, so direct edits must be reserved
-   * for current-state adjustments that are intentionally outside the transform
-   * fold.
-   */
-  readonly mutate: (update: (editor: Editor) => Effect.Effect<void>, reason?: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
 }
 
-export function create<State extends Objectish, Editor>(options: Options<State, Editor>): Interface<State, Editor> {
+export function create<State, DraftApi>(options: Options<State, DraftApi>): Interface<State, DraftApi> {
   let state = options.initial()
-  let transforms: { update: Transform<Editor> }[] = []
+  let transforms: { run: TransformCallback<DraftApi> }[] = []
   const semaphore = Semaphore.makeUnsafe(1)
 
-  const commit = Effect.fn("State.commit")(function* (next: State, reason?: string) {
-    const api = options.editor(next as Draft<State>)
-    if (options.finalize) yield* options.finalize(api, reason)
+  const commit = Effect.fn("State.commit")(function* (next: State) {
+    const api = options.draft(next)
+    if (options.finalize) yield* options.finalize(api)
     state = next
   })
 
-  const rebuild = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
+  const apply = (transform: TransformCallback<DraftApi>, draft: DraftApi) =>
+    Effect.suspend(() => {
+      const result = transform(draft)
+      return Effect.isEffect(result) ? Effect.asVoid(result).pipe(Effect.orDie) : Effect.void
+    })
+
+  const materialize = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
     const next = options.initial()
-    const api = options.editor(next as Draft<State>)
-    for (const transform of transforms)
-      yield* Effect.sync(() => transform.update(api)).pipe(Effect.withSpan("State.rebuild.update", {}))
+    const api = options.draft(next)
+    for (const transform of transforms) yield* apply(transform.run, api).pipe(Effect.withSpan("State.reload.update"))
     yield* commit(next)
   })
 
-  const result: Interface<State, Editor> = {
+  const reload = () => semaphore.withPermit(materialize())
+
+  const result: Interface<State, DraftApi> = {
     get: () => state,
-    transform: Effect.fn("State.transform")(function* () {
+    transform: Effect.fn("State.transform")(function* (update) {
       const scope = yield* Scope.Scope
       return yield* Effect.uninterruptible(
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const transform = { update: (_editor: Editor) => {} }
-          transforms = [...transforms, transform]
-          yield* Scope.addFinalizer(
-            scope,
+          const transform = { run: update }
+          let active = true
+          const dispose = Effect.uninterruptible(
             semaphore.withPermit(
-              Effect.sync(() => {
+              Effect.suspend(() => {
+                if (!active) return Effect.void
+                active = false
                 transforms = transforms.filter((item) => item !== transform)
-              }).pipe(Effect.andThen(rebuild())),
+                return Effect.gen(function* () {
+                  const batch = yield* CurrentBatch
+                  if (batch) {
+                    batch.add(reload)
+                    return
+                  }
+                  yield* materialize()
+                })
+              }),
             ),
           )
-          return (update: Transform<Editor>) =>
-            Effect.uninterruptible(
-              semaphore.withPermit(
-                Effect.sync(() => {
-                  transform.update = update
-                }).pipe(Effect.andThen(rebuild())),
-              ),
-            )
+          yield* semaphore.withPermit(
+            Effect.sync(() => {
+              transforms = [...transforms, transform]
+            }),
+          )
+          yield* Scope.addFinalizer(scope, dispose)
+          const batch = yield* CurrentBatch
+          if (batch) batch.add(reload)
+          else yield* reload()
+          return { dispose }
         }),
       )
     }),
-    update: Effect.fn("State.update")(function* (update) {
-      const transform = yield* result.transform()
-      yield* transform(update)
-    }),
-    mutate: Effect.fn("State.mutate")(function* (update, reason) {
-      const api = options.editor(state as Draft<State>)
-      yield* update(api)
-      if (options.finalize) yield* options.finalize(api, reason)
-    }, semaphore.withPermit),
+    reload,
   }
   return result
 }
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool-output-store.ts b/packages/core/src/tool-output-store.ts
index 2d15ee8d0dc..685cf5c582b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool-output-store.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool-output-store.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export interface BoundResult {
 
 export class StorageError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<StorageError>()("ToolOutputStore.StorageError", {
   operation: Schema.Literals(["encode", "write"]),
-  cause: Schema.Defect,
+  cause: Schema.Defect(),
 }) {}
 
 export type Error = StorageError
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/application-tools.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/application-tools.ts
index 024c2006d04..5309e4b4ba7 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool/application-tools.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/application-tools.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 export * as ApplicationTools from "./application-tools"
 
 import { Context, Effect, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
-import { enableMapSet } from "immer"
 import { State } from "../state"
 import { Tool } from "./tool"
 
@@ -9,7 +8,7 @@ type Data = {
   readonly entries: Map<string, Entry>
 }
 
-type Editor = {
+type Draft = {
   readonly set: (name: string, entry: Entry) => void
 }
 
@@ -27,14 +26,12 @@ export interface Interface {
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/ApplicationTools") {}
 
-enableMapSet()
-
 export const layer = Layer.effect(
   Service,
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const state = State.create<Data, Editor>({
+    const state = State.create<Data, Draft>({
       initial: () => ({ entries: new Map() }),
-      editor: (draft) => ({
+      draft: (draft) => ({
         set: (name, tool) => {
           draft.entries.set(name, tool)
         },
@@ -47,9 +44,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
         if (entries.length === 0) return
         yield* Effect.forEach(entries, ([name]) => Tool.validateName(name), { discard: true })
         const registrations = entries.map(([name, tool]) => [name, { identity: {}, tool }] as const)
-        const transform = yield* state.transform()
-        yield* transform((editor) => {
-          for (const [name, entry] of registrations) editor.set(name, entry)
+        yield* state.transform((draft) => {
+          for (const [name, entry] of registrations) draft.set(name, entry)
         })
       }),
       entries: () => state.get().entries,
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/bash.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/bash.ts
index bd6f175adae..f86cbdd69e5 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool/bash.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/bash.ts
@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@ export const Input = Schema.Struct({
     .annotate({
       description: `Timeout in milliseconds. Defaults to ${DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS} and may not exceed ${MAX_TIMEOUT_MS}.`,
     }),
-  description: Schema.String.pipe(Schema.optional).annotate({
-    description: "Concise description of the command's purpose",
-  }),
 })
 
 const Output = Schema.Struct({
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/http-body.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/http-body.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7cb534a444f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/http-body.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
+import { HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
+
+export const collectBoundedResponseBody = (
+  response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse,
+  maximumBytes: number,
+  tooLarge: () => Error,
+) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const contentLength = response.headers["content-length"]
+    const parsedSize = contentLength ? Number.parseInt(contentLength, 10) : undefined
+    const declaredSize =
+      parsedSize !== undefined && Number.isSafeInteger(parsedSize) && parsedSize >= 0 ? parsedSize : undefined
+    if (declaredSize !== undefined && declaredSize > maximumBytes) return yield* Effect.fail(tooLarge())
+    let body = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Math.min(maximumBytes, declaredSize || 64 * 1024))
+    let size = 0
+    yield* Stream.runForEach(response.stream, (chunk) => {
+      if (chunk.byteLength === 0) return Effect.void
+      if (size + chunk.byteLength > maximumBytes) return Effect.fail(tooLarge())
+      if (size + chunk.byteLength > body.byteLength) {
+        const grown = Buffer.allocUnsafe(Math.min(maximumBytes, Math.max(size + chunk.byteLength, body.byteLength * 2)))
+        body.copy(grown, 0, 0, size)
+        body = grown
+      }
+      body.set(chunk, size)
+      size += chunk.byteLength
+      return Effect.void
+    })
+    return body.subarray(0, size)
+  })
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/read-filesystem.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/read-filesystem.ts
index c27bdae6dee..ef0c4df179e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool/read-filesystem.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/read-filesystem.ts
@@ -13,23 +13,61 @@ export const MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES = 20 * 1024 * 1024
 const MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 2_000
 const MAX_LINE_SUFFIX = `... (line truncated to ${MAX_LINE_LENGTH} chars)`
 
-export class BinaryFileError extends Error {
-  constructor(readonly resource: string) {
-    super(`Cannot read binary file: ${resource}`)
-    this.name = "BinaryFileError"
+export class BinaryFileError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<BinaryFileError>()("ReadTool.BinaryFileError", {
+  resource: Schema.String,
+}) {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Cannot read binary file: ${this.resource}`
   }
 }
 
-export class MediaIngestLimitError extends Error {
-  constructor(
-    readonly resource: string,
-    readonly maximumBytes: number,
-  ) {
-    super(`Media exceeds ${maximumBytes} byte ingestion limit: ${resource}`)
-    this.name = "MediaIngestLimitError"
+export class MediaIngestLimitError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<MediaIngestLimitError>()(
+  "ReadTool.MediaIngestLimitError",
+  {
+    resource: Schema.String,
+    maximumBytes: Schema.Number,
+  },
+) {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Media exceeds ${this.maximumBytes} byte ingestion limit: ${this.resource}`
   }
 }
 
+export class MalformedUtf8Error extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<MalformedUtf8Error>()("ReadTool.MalformedUtf8Error", {
+  resource: Schema.String,
+}) {
+  override get message() {
+    return `File is not valid UTF-8: ${this.resource}`
+  }
+}
+
+export class OffsetOutOfRangeError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<OffsetOutOfRangeError>()(
+  "ReadTool.OffsetOutOfRangeError",
+  { offset: Schema.Number },
+) {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Offset ${this.offset} is out of range`
+  }
+}
+
+export class PathKindError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<PathKindError>()("ReadTool.PathKindError", {
+  resource: Schema.String,
+  expected: Schema.Literals(["a file", "a file or directory"]),
+}) {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Path is not ${this.expected}: ${this.resource}`
+  }
+}
+
+export type InspectError = FSUtil.Error | PathKindError
+export type ReadError =
+  | FSUtil.Error
+  | BinaryFileError
+  | MediaIngestLimitError
+  | MalformedUtf8Error
+  | OffsetOutOfRangeError
+  | PathKindError
+
 export const PageInput = Schema.Struct({
   offset: PositiveInt.pipe(Schema.optional),
   limit: PositiveInt.check(Schema.isLessThanOrEqualTo(MAX_READ_LINES)).pipe(Schema.optional),
@@ -52,13 +90,13 @@ export class ListPage extends Schema.Class<ListPage>("ReadTool.ListPage")({
 }) {}
 
 export interface Interface {
-  readonly inspect: (path: AbsolutePath) => Effect.Effect<"file" | "directory">
+  readonly inspect: (path: AbsolutePath) => Effect.Effect<"file" | "directory", InspectError>
   readonly read: (
     path: AbsolutePath,
     resource: string,
     page?: PageInput,
-  ) => Effect.Effect<FileSystem.Content | TextPage>
-  readonly list: (path: AbsolutePath, page?: PageInput) => Effect.Effect<ListPage>
+  ) => Effect.Effect<FileSystem.Content | TextPage, ReadError>
+  readonly list: (path: AbsolutePath, page?: PageInput) => Effect.Effect<ListPage, FSUtil.Error>
 }
 
 export class Service extends Context.Service<Service, Interface>()("@opencode/ReadToolFileSystem") {}
@@ -111,11 +149,21 @@ const binary = (resource: string, bytes: Uint8Array) => {
   }
   return nonPrintable / bytes.length > 0.3
 }
+const decodeUtf8 = (resource: string, decoder: TextDecoder, bytes?: Uint8Array) =>
+  Effect.try({
+    try: () => decoder.decode(bytes, { stream: bytes !== undefined }),
+    catch: (error) => {
+      if (error instanceof TypeError) return new MalformedUtf8Error({ resource })
+      throw error
+    },
+  })
+const decodeChunk = (resource: string, decoder: TextDecoder, bytes: Uint8Array) =>
+  bytes.includes(0) ? Effect.fail(new BinaryFileError({ resource })) : decodeUtf8(resource, decoder, bytes)
 
 export const inspect = Effect.fn("ReadTool.inspect")(function* (fs: FSUtil.Interface, input: string) {
-  const info = yield* fs.stat(input).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  const info = yield* fs.stat(input)
   const type = info.type === "File" ? "file" : info.type === "Directory" ? "directory" : undefined
-  if (!type) return yield* Effect.die(new Error("Path is not a file or directory"))
+  if (!type) return yield* Effect.fail(new PathKindError({ resource: input, expected: "a file or directory" }))
   return type
 })
 
@@ -125,32 +173,30 @@ export const read = Effect.fn("ReadTool.read")(function* (
   resource: string,
   page: PageInput = {},
 ) {
-  const real = yield* fs.realPath(input).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  const real = yield* fs.realPath(input)
   return yield* Effect.scoped(
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const file = yield* fs.open(real, { flag: "r" }).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      const info = yield* file.stat.pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      if (info.type !== "File") return yield* Effect.die(new Error("Path is not a file"))
+      const file = yield* fs.open(real, { flag: "r" })
+      const info = yield* file.stat
+      if (info.type !== "File") return yield* Effect.fail(new PathKindError({ resource, expected: "a file" }))
       const first = Option.getOrElse(
-        yield* file.readAlloc(Math.min(64 * 1024, Number(info.size) || 4 * 1024)).pipe(Effect.orDie),
+        yield* file.readAlloc(Math.min(64 * 1024, Number(info.size) || 4 * 1024)),
         () => new Uint8Array(),
       )
       const mime = imageMime(first)
       if (mime) {
         if (info.size > MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES)
-          return yield* Effect.die(new MediaIngestLimitError(resource, MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES))
+          return yield* Effect.fail(new MediaIngestLimitError({ resource, maximumBytes: MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES }))
         const chunks = [first]
         let total = first.length
         while (total <= MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES) {
-          const chunk = yield* file
-            .readAlloc(Math.min(64 * 1024, MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES + 1 - total))
-            .pipe(Effect.orDie)
+          const chunk = yield* file.readAlloc(Math.min(64 * 1024, MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES + 1 - total))
           if (Option.isNone(chunk)) break
           chunks.push(chunk.value)
           total += chunk.value.length
         }
         if (total > MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES)
-          return yield* Effect.die(new MediaIngestLimitError(resource, MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES))
+          return yield* Effect.fail(new MediaIngestLimitError({ resource, maximumBytes: MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES }))
         return {
           uri: pathToFileURL(real).href,
           name: path.basename(real),
@@ -162,19 +208,19 @@ export const read = Effect.fn("ReadTool.read")(function* (
           mime,
         }
       }
-      if (startsWith(first, [0x25, 0x50, 0x44, 0x46]) || binary(resource, first))
-        return yield* Effect.die(new BinaryFileError(resource))
+      if (startsWith(first, [0x25, 0x50, 0x44, 0x46]) || extensions.has(path.extname(resource).toLowerCase()))
+        return yield* Effect.fail(new BinaryFileError({ resource }))
       const paged = info.size > MAX_READ_BYTES || page.offset !== undefined || page.limit !== undefined
       if (!paged) {
+        if (binary(resource, first)) return yield* Effect.fail(new BinaryFileError({ resource }))
         const decoder = new TextDecoder("utf-8", { fatal: true })
-        const text = [yield* Effect.sync(() => decoder.decode(first, { stream: true }))]
+        const text = [yield* decodeUtf8(resource, decoder, first)]
         while (true) {
-          const chunk = yield* file.readAlloc(64 * 1024).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+          const chunk = yield* file.readAlloc(64 * 1024)
           if (Option.isNone(chunk)) break
-          if (chunk.value.includes(0)) return yield* Effect.die(new BinaryFileError(resource))
-          text.push(yield* Effect.sync(() => decoder.decode(chunk.value, { stream: true })))
+          text.push(yield* decodeChunk(resource, decoder, chunk.value))
         }
-        text.push(yield* Effect.sync(() => decoder.decode()))
+        text.push(yield* decodeUtf8(resource, decoder))
         return {
           uri: pathToFileURL(real).href,
           name: path.basename(real),
@@ -191,34 +237,29 @@ export const read = Effect.fn("ReadTool.read")(function* (
       let discard = false
       let line = 1
       let bytes = 0
-      let found = false
-      let truncated = false
       let next: number | undefined
       const append = (input: string) => {
         if (line < offset) {
           line++
-          return
+          return true
         }
         if (lines.length >= limit || bytes >= MAX_READ_BYTES) {
-          truncated = true
-          next ??= line++
-          return
+          next = line
+          return false
         }
-        found = true
         const text = input.length > MAX_LINE_LENGTH ? input.slice(0, MAX_LINE_LENGTH) + MAX_LINE_SUFFIX : input
         const size = Buffer.byteLength(text, "utf-8") + (lines.length > 0 ? 1 : 0)
         if (bytes + size > MAX_READ_BYTES) {
-          truncated = true
-          next ??= line++
-          return
+          next = line
+          return false
         }
         lines.push(text)
         bytes += size
         line++
+        return true
       }
-      const consume = (chunk: Uint8Array) => {
-        if (chunk.includes(0)) throw new BinaryFileError(resource)
-        let text = decoder.decode(chunk, { stream: true })
+      const consume = (input: string) => {
+        let text = input
         while (true) {
           const index = text.indexOf("\n")
           if (index === -1) {
@@ -235,25 +276,44 @@ export const read = Effect.fn("ReadTool.read")(function* (
           pending = ""
           discard = false
           text = text.slice(index + 1)
-          append(current.endsWith("\r") ? current.slice(0, -1) : current)
+          if (!append(current.endsWith("\r") ? current.slice(0, -1) : current)) return false
         }
+        return true
       }
-      yield* Effect.sync(() => consume(first))
-      while (true) {
-        const chunk = yield* file.readAlloc(64 * 1024).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+      const consumeChunk = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (chunk: Uint8Array) {
+        let start = 0
+        while (start < chunk.length) {
+          if (lines.length >= limit || bytes >= MAX_READ_BYTES) {
+            next = line
+            return false
+          }
+          const newline = chunk.indexOf(10, start)
+          const end = newline === -1 ? chunk.length : newline + 1
+          const segment = chunk.subarray(start, end)
+          if (binary(resource, segment)) return yield* Effect.fail(new BinaryFileError({ resource }))
+          if (!consume(yield* decodeUtf8(resource, decoder, segment))) return false
+          start = end
+        }
+        return true
+      })
+      let done = !(yield* consumeChunk(first))
+      while (!done) {
+        const chunk = yield* file.readAlloc(64 * 1024)
         if (Option.isNone(chunk)) break
-        yield* Effect.sync(() => consume(chunk.value))
+        done = !(yield* consumeChunk(chunk.value))
       }
-      const tail = yield* Effect.sync(() => decoder.decode())
-      if (!discard) pending += tail
-      if (pending) append(pending.endsWith("\r") ? pending.slice(0, -1) : pending)
-      if (!found && offset !== 1) return yield* Effect.die(new Error(`Offset ${offset} is out of range`))
+      if (!done) {
+        const tail = yield* decodeUtf8(resource, decoder)
+        if (!discard) pending += tail
+        if (pending) append(pending.endsWith("\r") ? pending.slice(0, -1) : pending)
+      }
+      if (lines.length === 0 && offset !== 1) return yield* Effect.fail(new OffsetOutOfRangeError({ offset }))
       return new TextPage({
         type: "text-page",
         content: lines.join("\n"),
         mime: FSUtil.mimeType(real),
         offset,
-        truncated,
+        truncated: next !== undefined,
         ...(next === undefined ? {} : { next }),
       })
     }),
@@ -261,8 +321,8 @@ export const read = Effect.fn("ReadTool.read")(function* (
 })
 
 export const list = Effect.fn("ReadTool.list")(function* (fs: FSUtil.Interface, input: string, page: PageInput = {}) {
-  const real = yield* fs.realPath(input).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-  const items = yield* fs.readDirectoryEntries(real).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+  const real = yield* fs.realPath(input)
+  const items = yield* fs.readDirectoryEntries(real)
   const offset = page.offset ?? 1
   const limit = Math.min(page.limit ?? MAX_READ_LINES, MAX_READ_LINES)
   const entries = yield* Effect.forEach(
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/read.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/read.ts
index 64f02d813fe..2635e4653ff 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool/read.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/read.ts
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
               const selected = path.isAbsolute(input.path) ? path.dirname(absolute) : location.directory
               if (!path.isAbsolute(input.path) && !FSUtil.contains(location.directory, absolute))
                 return yield* Effect.die(new Error("Path escapes the allowed read root"))
-              const real = yield* fs.realPath(absolute).pipe(Effect.orDie)
-              const root = yield* fs.realPath(selected).pipe(Effect.orDie)
+              const real = yield* fs.realPath(absolute)
+              const root = yield* fs.realPath(selected)
               if (!FSUtil.contains(root, real))
                 return yield* Effect.die(new Error("Path escapes the allowed read root"))
               const resource = path.relative(root, real).replaceAll("\\", "/") || "."
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
                   .pipe(Effect.catchTag("Image.ResizerUnavailableError", () => Effect.succeed(content)))
               }
               if ("encoding" in content && content.encoding === "base64")
-                return yield* Effect.fail(new ReadToolFileSystem.BinaryFileError(resource))
+                return yield* Effect.fail(new ReadToolFileSystem.BinaryFileError({ resource }))
               return content
             }).pipe(
               Effect.mapError((error) => {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/skill.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/skill.ts
index 589a99d4622..ce25e785273 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool/skill.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/skill.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
 import { ToolFailure } from "@opencode-ai/llm"
 import { Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { FSUtil } from "../fs-util"
-import { PluginBoot } from "../plugin/boot"
 import { SkillV2 } from "../skill"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "../permission"
 import { Tool } from "./tool"
@@ -58,10 +57,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const tools = yield* Tools.Service
     const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
-    const boot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
     const skills = yield* SkillV2.Service
     const permission = yield* PermissionV2.Service
-    yield* boot.wait()
     yield* tools
       .register({
         [name]: Tool.make({
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/webfetch.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/webfetch.ts
index 1e209e50086..2ce0868d991 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool/webfetch.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/webfetch.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 export * as WebFetchTool from "./webfetch"
 
 import { ToolFailure } from "@opencode-ai/llm"
-import { Duration, Effect, Layer, Schema, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Duration, Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { HttpClient, HttpClientRequest, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { Parser } from "htmlparser2"
 import TurndownService from "turndown"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "../permission"
+import { collectBoundedResponseBody } from "./http-body"
 import { Tool } from "./tool"
 import { Tools } from "./tools"
 
@@ -86,24 +87,11 @@ const execute = (http: HttpClient.HttpClient, url: string, format: Format, userA
   http.execute(request(url, format, userAgent)).pipe(Effect.flatMap(HttpClientResponse.filterStatusOk))
 
 const collectBody = (response: HttpClientResponse.HttpClientResponse) =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const contentLength = response.headers["content-length"]
-    if (contentLength && Number.parseInt(contentLength, 10) > MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES) {
-      return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`Response too large (exceeds ${MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES} byte limit)`))
-    }
-    const chunks: Uint8Array[] = []
-    let size = 0
-    yield* Stream.runForEach(response.stream, (chunk) =>
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        size += chunk.byteLength
-        if (size > MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES)
-          return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`Response too large (exceeds ${MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES} byte limit)`))
-        chunks.push(chunk)
-        return undefined
-      }),
-    )
-    return Buffer.concat(chunks, size)
-  })
+  collectBoundedResponseBody(
+    response,
+    MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES,
+    () => new Error(`Response too large (exceeds ${MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES} byte limit)`),
+  )
 
 const mimeFrom = (contentType: string) => contentType.split(";", 1)[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() ?? ""
 const isImageAttachment = (mime: string) =>
@@ -171,12 +159,16 @@ export const layer = Layer.effectDiscard(
                   orElse: () => Effect.fail(new Error("Request timed out")),
                 }),
               )
-              const content = convert(new TextDecoder().decode(body), contentType, input.format)
+              const content = new TextDecoder().decode(body)
+              const output = yield* Effect.try({
+                try: () => convert(content, contentType, input.format),
+                catch: (error) => error,
+              })
               return {
                 url: input.url,
                 contentType,
                 format: input.format,
-                output: content,
+                output,
               }
             }).pipe(Effect.mapError(() => new ToolFailure({ message: `Unable to fetch ${input.url}` }))),
         }),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/tool/websearch.ts b/packages/core/src/tool/websearch.ts
index cea19c17e8f..14c10377ee0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/tool/websearch.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/tool/websearch.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { PositiveInt } from "../schema"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "../permission"
 import { Tool } from "./tool"
 import { Tools } from "./tools"
+import { collectBoundedResponseBody } from "./http-body"
 import { checksum } from "../util/encode"
 
 export const name = "websearch"
@@ -164,10 +165,12 @@ const callMcp = <F extends Schema.Struct.Fields>(
     )
     return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
       const response = yield* HttpClient.filterStatusOk(http).execute(request)
-      const body = yield* response.text
-      if (Buffer.byteLength(body, "utf8") > MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES)
-        return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(`${tool} response exceeded ${MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES} bytes`))
-      return yield* parseResponse(body)
+      const body = yield* collectBoundedResponseBody(
+        response,
+        MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES,
+        () => new Error(`${tool} response exceeded ${MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES} bytes`),
+      )
+      return yield* parseResponse(body.toString("utf8"))
     }).pipe(
       Effect.timeoutOrElse({
         duration: Duration.seconds(25),
diff --git a/packages/core/src/util/effect-flock.ts b/packages/core/src/util/effect-flock.ts
index 2ba5ef0d759..fa864e92525 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/util/effect-flock.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/util/effect-flock.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export namespace EffectFlock {
 
   class ReleaseError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ReleaseError>()("ReleaseError", {
     detail: Schema.String,
-    cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+    cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
   }) {
     override get message() {
       return this.detail
diff --git a/packages/core/src/v1/session.ts b/packages/core/src/v1/session.ts
index 34bb729683a..181ba9807d0 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/v1/session.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/v1/session.ts
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ export type WithParts = {
 }
 
 const options = {
-  sync: {
+  durable: {
     aggregate: "sessionID",
     version: 1,
   },
diff --git a/packages/core/test/agent.test.ts b/packages/core/test/agent.test.ts
index 9f46eca4e96..ef8d0747d8d 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/agent.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/agent.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { AgentPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/agent"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { location } from "./fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
+import { agentHost, host } from "./plugin/host"
 
 const it = testEffect(AgentV2.locationLayer)
 
@@ -23,9 +24,7 @@ describe("AgentV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
       const id = AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer")
-      const transform = yield* agent.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((editor) =>
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(id, (info) => {
           info.description = "Reviews code"
           info.mode = "subagent"
@@ -41,19 +40,17 @@ describe("AgentV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
       const id = AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer")
-      const transform = yield* agent.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((editor) =>
+      let description = "Old description"
+      let hidden = true
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(id, (info) => {
-          info.description = "Old description"
-          info.hidden = true
-        }),
-      )
-      yield* transform((editor) =>
-        editor.update(id, (info) => {
-          info.description = "New description"
+          info.description = description
+          info.hidden = hidden
         }),
       )
+      description = "New description"
+      hidden = false
+      yield* agent.reload()
 
       expect(yield* agent.get(id)).toMatchObject({ description: "New description", hidden: false })
     }),
@@ -64,9 +61,7 @@ describe("AgentV2", () => {
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
       const id = AgentV2.ID.make("scoped")
       const scope = yield* Scope.make()
-      const transform = yield* agent.transform().pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
-
-      yield* transform((editor) => editor.update(id, () => {}))
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) => editor.update(id, () => {})).pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
       expect(yield* agent.get(id)).toBeDefined()
 
       yield* Scope.close(scope, Exit.void)
@@ -79,7 +74,7 @@ describe("AgentV2", () => {
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
       const id = AgentV2.ID.make("build")
 
-      yield* agent.update((editor) =>
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(id, (info) => {
           info.mode = "primary"
           info.hidden = true
@@ -95,10 +90,10 @@ describe("AgentV2", () => {
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
       const id = AgentV2.ID.make("custom")
 
-      yield* agent.update((editor) => editor.update(id, () => {}))
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) => editor.update(id, () => {}))
       expect(yield* agent.get(id)).toEqual(AgentV2.Info.empty(id))
 
-      yield* agent.update((editor) => editor.remove(id))
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) => editor.remove(id))
       expect(yield* agent.get(id)).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -106,7 +101,11 @@ describe("AgentV2", () => {
   it.effect("does not ambiently opt built-in agents into bash", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
-      yield* AgentPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
+      yield* AgentPlugin.Plugin.effect(
+        host({
+          agent: agentHost(agent),
+        }),
+      ).pipe(
         Effect.provideService(
           Location.Service,
           Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/catalog.test.ts b/packages/core/test/catalog.test.ts
index 77a18e79aef..9890f7e7944 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/catalog.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/catalog.test.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,22 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { DateTime, Effect, Fiber, Layer, Option, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Fiber, Layer, Stream } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
 import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
 import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
-import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
 import { Policy } from "@opencode-ai/core/policy"
-import { Project } from "@opencode-ai/core/project"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { location } from "./fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
 const locationLayer = Layer.succeed(
   Location.Service,
   Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("test") })),
@@ -22,12 +25,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
   Catalog.locationLayer.pipe(
     Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
     Layer.provideMerge(locationLayer),
-    Layer.provideMerge(
-      Layer.mock(Credential.Service)({
-        all: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-        list: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-      }),
-    ),
+    Layer.provideMerge(Credential.defaultLayer),
   ),
 )
 
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
         .pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
       yield* Effect.yieldNow
 
-      yield* (yield* catalog.transform())((editor) => editor.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), () => {}))
+      yield* catalog.transform((editor) => editor.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), () => {}))
 
       expect((yield* Fiber.join(updated)).length).toBe(1)
     }),
@@ -49,41 +47,32 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
 
   it.effect("derives availability from active credentials without changing provider state", () => {
     const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("test")
-    const first = {
-      id: Credential.ID.create(),
-      integrationID,
-      label: "First",
-      value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "first", metadata: { tenant: "one" } }),
-    }
-    const second = {
-      id: Credential.ID.create(),
-      integrationID,
-      label: "Second",
-      value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "second", metadata: { tenant: "two" } }),
-    }
-    let active = first
     const layer = Catalog.locationLayer.pipe(
       Layer.fresh,
       Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
       Layer.provideMerge(locationLayer),
-      Layer.provideMerge(
-        Layer.mock(Credential.Service)({
-          all: () => Effect.sync(() => [active]),
-          list: () => Effect.sync(() => [active]),
-        }),
-      ),
+      Layer.provideMerge(Credential.defaultLayer.pipe(Layer.fresh)),
     )
 
     return Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((editor) => editor.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), () => {}))
+      const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
+      yield* catalog.transform((editor) => editor.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), () => {}))
+      yield* credentials.create({
+        integrationID,
+        label: "First",
+        value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "first", metadata: { tenant: "one" } }),
+      })
 
       expect((yield* catalog.provider.available()).map((provider) => provider.id)).toEqual([ProviderV2.ID.make("test")])
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"))).request.body).toEqual({})
-      active = second
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"))).request.body).toEqual({})
+      yield* credentials.create({
+        integrationID,
+        label: "Second",
+        value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "second", metadata: { tenant: "two" } }),
+      })
       expect((yield* catalog.provider.available()).map((provider) => provider.id)).toEqual([ProviderV2.ID.make("test")])
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"))).request.body).toEqual({})
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"))).request.body).toEqual({})
     }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer))
   })
 
@@ -99,13 +88,13 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
           const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
           const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
-          yield* integrations.update((editor) =>
+          yield* integrations.transform((editor) =>
             editor.method.update({
               integrationID: Integration.ID.make(providerID),
               method: { type: "env", names: ["CATALOG_TEST_API_KEY"] },
             }),
           )
-          yield* (yield* catalog.transform())((editor) => editor.provider.update(providerID, () => {}))
+          yield* catalog.transform((editor) => editor.provider.update(providerID, () => {}))
 
           expect((yield* catalog.provider.available()).map((provider) => provider.id)).toContain(providerID)
         }),
@@ -121,9 +110,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) =>
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
           provider.api = {
             type: "aisdk",
@@ -134,7 +121,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
         }),
       )
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(providerID)).api).toEqual({
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(providerID)).api).toEqual({
         type: "aisdk",
         package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
         url: "https://override.example.com",
@@ -147,9 +134,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
       const modelID = ModelV2.ID.make("model")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
           provider.api = {
             type: "aisdk",
@@ -168,7 +153,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
         })
       })
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)).api).toEqual({
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)).api).toEqual({
         id: modelID,
         type: "aisdk",
         package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
@@ -183,9 +168,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
       const modelID = ModelV2.ID.make("model")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
           provider.api = {
             type: "aisdk",
@@ -196,7 +179,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
         catalog.model.update(providerID, modelID, () => {})
       })
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)).api).toEqual({
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)).api).toEqual({
         id: modelID,
         type: "aisdk",
         package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
@@ -205,106 +188,12 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("runs catalog transform hooks after baseURL is normalized", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
-      const seen: unknown[] = []
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("test"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "catalog.transform": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              const item = evt.provider.get(providerID)
-              if (!item) return
-              seen.push(item.provider.api.type)
-              if (item?.provider.api.type === "aisdk") seen.push(item.provider.api.url)
-              seen.push(item?.provider.request.body.baseURL)
-            }),
-        }),
-      })
-      yield* transform((catalog) =>
-        catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
-          provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" }
-          provider.request.body.baseURL = "https://provider.example.com"
-        }),
-      )
-
-      expect(seen).toEqual(["aisdk", "https://provider.example.com", undefined])
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("runs catalog transform when a plugin is added", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) =>
-        catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
-          provider.name = "Before"
-        }),
-      )
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("test-transform"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "catalog.transform": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() =>
-              evt.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
-                provider.name = "After"
-              }),
-            ),
-        }),
-      })
-      yield* Effect.yieldNow
-
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(providerID)).name).toBe("After")
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("ignores plugin additions from another location", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      let invoked = 0
-
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("test-transform"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "catalog.transform": () => Effect.sync(() => invoked++),
-        }),
-      })
-      yield* Effect.yieldNow
-      expect(invoked).toBe(1)
-
-      yield* events.publish(
-        PluginV2.Event.Added,
-        { id: PluginV2.ID.make("test-transform") },
-        {
-          location: new Location.Info({
-            directory: AbsolutePath.make("other"),
-            project: { id: Project.ID.global, directory: AbsolutePath.make("other") },
-          }),
-        },
-      )
-      yield* Effect.yieldNow
-
-      expect(invoked).toBe(1)
-    }),
-  )
-
   it.effect("resolves provider and model request merges", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
       const modelID = ModelV2.ID.make("model")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, (provider) => {
           provider.request.headers.provider = "provider"
           provider.request.headers.shared = "provider"
@@ -321,7 +210,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
         })
       })
 
-      const model = yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)
+      const model = required(yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID))
       expect(model.request.headers).toEqual({ provider: "provider", shared: "model", model: "model" })
       expect(model.request.body).toEqual({ provider: true, model: true, request: true })
       expect(model.request.options).toEqual({ shared: "model", model: true })
@@ -332,19 +221,17 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, () => {})
         catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make("old"), (model) => {
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(1000)
+          model.time.released = 1000
         })
         catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make("new"), (model) => {
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(2000)
+          model.time.released = 2000
         })
       })
 
-      expect(Option.getOrUndefined(yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toMatch("new")
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toMatch("new")
     }),
   )
 
@@ -354,26 +241,26 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
       const old = ModelV2.ID.make("old")
       const newest = ModelV2.ID.make("new")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      const models = (catalog: Catalog.Editor) => {
+      const models = (catalog: Catalog.Draft) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, () => {})
         catalog.model.update(providerID, old, (model) => {
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(1000)
+          model.time.released = 1000
         })
         catalog.model.update(providerID, newest, (model) => {
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(2000)
+          model.time.released = 2000
         })
       }
 
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      let configured = true
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         models(catalog)
-        catalog.model.default.set(providerID, old)
+        if (configured) catalog.model.default.set(providerID, old)
       })
-      expect(Option.getOrUndefined(yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toBe(old)
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toBe(old)
 
-      yield* transform(models)
-      expect(Option.getOrUndefined(yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toBe(newest)
+      configured = false
+      yield* catalog.reload()
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toBe(newest)
     }),
   )
 
@@ -384,9 +271,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
       const enabledProvider = ProviderV2.ID.make("enabled")
       const disabledModel = ModelV2.ID.make("configured")
       const fallbackModel = ModelV2.ID.make("fallback")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(disabledProvider, (provider) => {
           provider.disabled = true
         })
@@ -396,7 +281,7 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
         catalog.model.default.set(disabledProvider, disabledModel)
       })
 
-      expect(Option.getOrUndefined(yield* catalog.model.default())).toMatchObject({
+      expect(yield* catalog.model.default()).toMatchObject({
         providerID: enabledProvider,
         id: fallbackModel,
       })
@@ -407,25 +292,23 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, () => {})
         catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make("cheap-large"), (model) => {
           model.capabilities.input = ["text"]
           model.capabilities.output = ["text"]
           model.cost = [{ input: 1, output: 1, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } }]
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(Date.now())
+          model.time.released = Date.now()
         })
         catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make("expensive-mini"), (model) => {
           model.capabilities.input = ["text"]
           model.capabilities.output = ["text"]
           model.cost = [{ input: 10, output: 10, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } }]
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(Date.now())
+          model.time.released = Date.now()
         })
       })
 
-      expect(Option.getOrUndefined(yield* catalog.model.small(providerID))?.id).toMatch("expensive-mini")
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.small(providerID))?.id).toMatch("expensive-mini")
     }),
   )
 
@@ -434,17 +317,15 @@ describe("CatalogV2", () => {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const policy = yield* Policy.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("blocked")
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-
       yield* policy.load([new Policy.Info({ effect: "deny", action: "provider.use", resource: "blocked" })])
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, () => {})
         catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make("model"), () => {})
       })
 
       expect(yield* catalog.provider.all()).toEqual([])
       expect(yield* catalog.model.all()).toEqual([])
-      expect(yield* catalog.provider.get(providerID).pipe(Effect.option)).toEqual(Option.none())
+      expect(yield* catalog.provider.get(providerID)).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/command.test.ts b/packages/core/test/command.test.ts
index f2175743e42..8c2c5843fef 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/command.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/command.test.ts
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ describe("CommandV2", () => {
   it.effect("applies command transforms and preserves later overrides", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const command = yield* CommandV2.Service
-      const transform = yield* command.transform()
-      yield* transform((editor) => {
+      yield* command.transform((editor) => {
         editor.update("review", (command) => {
           command.template = "First"
           command.description = "Review code"
diff --git a/packages/core/test/config/agent.test.ts b/packages/core/test/config/agent.test.ts
index 79e872f74e2..ea553671bda 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/config/agent.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/config/agent.test.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import { PermissionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/permission"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { agentHost, host } from "../plugin/host"
 
 const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(AgentV2.locationLayer, FSUtil.defaultLayer))
 const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Config.Info)
@@ -19,9 +20,7 @@ describe("ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
       const build = AgentV2.ID.make("build")
-      const defaults = yield* agents.transform()
-
-      yield* defaults((editor) =>
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(build, (agent) => {
           agent.mode = "primary"
           agent.permissions.push({ action: "bash", resource: "*", effect: "allow" })
@@ -68,9 +67,8 @@ describe("ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin", () => {
           ]),
       })
 
-      yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
+      yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect(host({ agent: agentHost(agents) })).pipe(
         Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-        Effect.provideService(AgentV2.Service, agents),
       )
 
       const buildAgent = yield* agents.get(build)
@@ -150,9 +148,8 @@ describe("ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin", () => {
           ]),
       })
 
-      yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
+      yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect(host({ agent: agentHost(agents) })).pipe(
         Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-        Effect.provideService(AgentV2.Service, agents),
       )
 
       const reviewer = yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"))
@@ -177,8 +174,7 @@ describe("ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
       const build = AgentV2.ID.make("build")
-      const defaults = yield* agents.transform()
-      yield* defaults((editor) => editor.update(build, () => {}))
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) => editor.update(build, () => {}))
 
       const config = Config.Service.of({
         entries: () =>
@@ -190,9 +186,8 @@ describe("ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin", () => {
           ]),
       })
 
-      yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
+      yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect(host({ agent: agentHost(agents) })).pipe(
         Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-        Effect.provideService(AgentV2.Service, agents),
       )
 
       expect(yield* agents.get(build)).toBeUndefined()
@@ -251,9 +246,8 @@ Use native v2 fields.`,
               ]),
           })
 
-          yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
+          yield* ConfigAgentPlugin.Plugin.effect(host({ agent: agentHost(agents) })).pipe(
             Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-            Effect.provideService(AgentV2.Service, agents),
           )
 
           expect(yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"))).toMatchObject({
diff --git a/packages/core/test/config/command.test.ts b/packages/core/test/config/command.test.ts
index da3bb749b45..11707c20263 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/config/command.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/config/command.test.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { host } from "../plugin/host"
 
 const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(CommandV2.locationLayer, FSUtil.defaultLayer))
 const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Config.Info)
@@ -41,8 +42,7 @@ Review files`,
           })
 
           const command = yield* CommandV2.Service
-          yield* ConfigCommandPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
-            Effect.provideService(CommandV2.Service, command),
+          yield* ConfigCommandPlugin.Plugin.effect(host({ command: { ...command, reload: command.reload } })).pipe(
             Effect.provideService(
               Config.Service,
               Config.Service.of({
diff --git a/packages/core/test/config/fixtures/plugin/directory-plugin.ts b/packages/core/test/config/fixtures/plugin/directory-plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e26e12bdac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/config/fixtures/plugin/directory-plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/promise"
+
+export default define({
+  id: "directory-plugin",
+  setup: async (ctx) => {
+    await ctx.agent.transform((agents) => {
+      agents.update("directory", (agent) => {
+        agent.description = "Loaded from plugin directory"
+        agent.mode = "subagent"
+      })
+    })
+  },
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/config/plugin.test.ts b/packages/core/test/config/plugin.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6944368c47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/config/plugin.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+import path from "path"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
+import { Config } from "@opencode-ai/core/config"
+import { ConfigExternalPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/config/plugin/external"
+import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/core/fs-util"
+import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
+import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/core/npm"
+import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
+import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "../plugin/fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Config.Info)
+
+describe("ConfigExternalPlugin", () => {
+  it.live("resolves and loads a configured Promise plugin with options", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+      const location = yield* Location.Service
+      const npm = yield* Npm.Service
+      const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugins)
+      const document = path.join(import.meta.dir, "config.json")
+
+      yield* ConfigExternalPlugin.Plugin.effect(host).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(PluginV2.Service, plugins),
+        Effect.provideService(FSUtil.Service, fs),
+        Effect.provideService(Location.Service, location),
+        Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm),
+        Effect.provideService(
+          Config.Service,
+          Config.Service.of({
+            entries: () =>
+              Effect.succeed([
+                new Config.Document({
+                  type: "document",
+                  path: document,
+                  info: decode({
+                    plugins: [
+                      {
+                        package: "../plugin/fixtures/config-promise-plugin.ts",
+                        options: { description: "Loaded from config" },
+                      },
+                    ],
+                  }),
+                }),
+              ]),
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(yield* waitForAgent(agents, "configured")).toMatchObject({
+        description: "Loaded from config",
+        mode: "subagent",
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("loads a configured Effect plugin with options", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+      const location = yield* Location.Service
+      const npm = yield* Npm.Service
+      const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugins)
+
+      yield* ConfigExternalPlugin.Plugin.effect(host).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(PluginV2.Service, plugins),
+        Effect.provideService(FSUtil.Service, fs),
+        Effect.provideService(Location.Service, location),
+        Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm),
+        Effect.provideService(
+          Config.Service,
+          Config.Service.of({
+            entries: () =>
+              Effect.succeed([
+                new Config.Document({
+                  type: "document",
+                  path: path.join(import.meta.dir, "config.json"),
+                  info: decode({
+                    plugins: [
+                      {
+                        package: "../plugin/fixtures/config-effect-plugin.ts",
+                        options: { description: "Effect plugin from config" },
+                      },
+                    ],
+                  }),
+                }),
+              ]),
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(yield* waitForAgent(agents, "effect-configured")).toMatchObject({
+        description: "Effect plugin from config",
+        mode: "subagent",
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("ignores invalid plugins and continues loading", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+      const location = yield* Location.Service
+      const npm = yield* Npm.Service
+      const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugins)
+
+      yield* ConfigExternalPlugin.Plugin.effect(host).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(PluginV2.Service, plugins),
+        Effect.provideService(FSUtil.Service, fs),
+        Effect.provideService(Location.Service, location),
+        Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm),
+        Effect.provideService(
+          Config.Service,
+          Config.Service.of({
+            entries: () =>
+              Effect.succeed([
+                new Config.Document({
+                  type: "document",
+                  path: path.join(import.meta.dir, "config.json"),
+                  info: decode({
+                    plugins: [
+                      "../plugin/fixtures/missing-plugin.ts",
+                      "../plugin/fixtures/invalid-plugin.ts",
+                      {
+                        package: "../plugin/fixtures/config-promise-plugin.ts",
+                        options: { description: "Loaded after invalid plugins" },
+                      },
+                    ],
+                  }),
+                }),
+              ]),
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(yield* waitForAgent(agents, "configured")).toMatchObject({
+        description: "Loaded after invalid plugins",
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("installs and resolves npm plugin packages", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+      const location = yield* Location.Service
+      const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugins)
+      let installed: string | undefined
+      const npm = Npm.Service.of({
+        add: (spec) =>
+          Effect.sync(() => {
+            installed = spec
+            return {
+              directory: import.meta.dir,
+              entrypoint: path.join(import.meta.dir, "../plugin/fixtures/config-promise-plugin.ts"),
+            }
+          }),
+        install: () => Effect.void,
+        which: () => Effect.succeed(undefined),
+      })
+
+      yield* ConfigExternalPlugin.Plugin.effect(host).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(PluginV2.Service, plugins),
+        Effect.provideService(FSUtil.Service, fs),
+        Effect.provideService(Location.Service, location),
+        Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm),
+        Effect.provideService(
+          Config.Service,
+          Config.Service.of({
+            entries: () =>
+              Effect.succeed([
+                new Config.Document({
+                  type: "document",
+                  info: decode({
+                    plugins: [
+                      {
+                        package: "example-plugin@1.0.0",
+                        options: { description: "Installed from npm" },
+                      },
+                    ],
+                  }),
+                }),
+              ]),
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(yield* waitForAgent(agents, "configured")).toMatchObject({
+        description: "Installed from npm",
+      })
+      expect(installed).toBe("example-plugin@1.0.0")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("loads plugin files from config directories", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+      const location = yield* Location.Service
+      const npm = yield* Npm.Service
+      const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugins)
+
+      yield* ConfigExternalPlugin.Plugin.effect(host).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(PluginV2.Service, plugins),
+        Effect.provideService(FSUtil.Service, fs),
+        Effect.provideService(Location.Service, location),
+        Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm),
+        Effect.provideService(
+          Config.Service,
+          Config.Service.of({
+            entries: () =>
+              Effect.succeed([
+                new Config.Directory({
+                  type: "directory",
+                  path: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(import.meta.dir, "fixtures")),
+                }),
+              ]),
+          }),
+        ),
+      )
+
+      expect(yield* waitForAgent(agents, "directory")).toMatchObject({
+        description: "Loaded from plugin directory",
+        mode: "subagent",
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+})
+
+const waitForAgent = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (agents: AgentV2.Interface, id: string) {
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 100; attempt++) {
+    const agent = yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make(id))
+    if (agent) return agent
+    yield* Effect.sleep("10 millis")
+  }
+  return yield* Effect.die(`Timed out waiting for agent ${id}`)
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/config/provider.test.ts b/packages/core/test/config/provider.test.ts
index a2ecc9954b3..12f4a01c788 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/config/provider.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/config/provider.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,49 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Option, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { Config } from "@opencode-ai/core/config"
 import { ConfigProviderPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/config/plugin/provider"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { it, withEnv } from "../plugin/provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "../plugin/fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* (config: Config.Interface) {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin.effect(host).pipe(Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config))
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() =>
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        }),
+      ),
+  )
+}
 
 function request(headers: Record<string, string>, variant?: string) {
   return {
@@ -22,8 +58,6 @@ describe("ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin", () => {
   it.effect("partitions existing model variant bodies without changing config shape", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.opencode
       const modelID = ModelV2.ID.make("alpha-gpt-next")
       const config = Config.Service.of({
@@ -56,16 +90,9 @@ describe("ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin", () => {
           ]),
       })
 
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        ...ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin,
-        effect: ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
-          Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-          Effect.provideService(Catalog.Service, catalog),
-          Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations),
-        ),
-      })
+      yield* addPlugin(config)
 
-      const model = yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)
+      const model = required(yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID))
       expect(model.variants).toMatchObject([
         {
           id: "high",
@@ -83,8 +110,6 @@ describe("ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the effective provider package across layered config", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.opencode
       const modelID = ModelV2.ID.make("alpha-gpt-next")
       const config = Config.Service.of({
@@ -117,16 +142,9 @@ describe("ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin", () => {
           ]),
       })
 
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        ...ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin,
-        effect: ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
-          Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-          Effect.provideService(Catalog.Service, catalog),
-          Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations),
-        ),
-      })
+      yield* addPlugin(config)
 
-      const model = yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)
+      const model = required(yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID))
       expect(model.variants[0]).toMatchObject({
         id: "high",
         body: {},
@@ -140,7 +158,6 @@ describe("ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
         const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("custom")
         const modelID = ModelV2.ID.make("chat")
         const config = Config.Service.of({
@@ -220,18 +237,11 @@ describe("ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin", () => {
             ]),
         })
 
-        yield* plugin.add({
-          ...ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin,
-          effect: ConfigProviderPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
-            Effect.provideService(Config.Service, config),
-            Effect.provideService(Catalog.Service, catalog),
-            Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations),
-          ),
-        })
+        yield* addPlugin(config)
 
-        const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(providerID)
-        const model = yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID)
-        expect(Option.getOrUndefined(yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toBe(ModelV2.ID.make("default"))
+        const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(providerID))
+        const model = required(yield* catalog.model.get(providerID, modelID))
+        expect((yield* catalog.model.default())?.id).toBe(ModelV2.ID.make("default"))
         expect(provider.name).toBe("Renamed")
         expect((yield* integrations.get(Integration.ID.make("custom")))?.methods).toContainEqual({
           type: "env",
diff --git a/packages/core/test/config/skill.test.ts b/packages/core/test/config/skill.test.ts
index 52b9c0bb666..e3cbfd557c9 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/config/skill.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/config/skill.test.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { SkillV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/skill"
 import { location } from "../fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { host } from "../plugin/host"
 
 const it = testEffect(Layer.empty)
 const decode = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Config.Info)
@@ -18,16 +19,28 @@ describe("ConfigSkillPlugin.Plugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const directory = AbsolutePath.make("/repo/packages/app")
       const sources: SkillV2.Source[] = []
-      const transform = Effect.fnUntraced(function* () {
-        return Effect.fnUntraced(function* (update: (editor: SkillV2.Editor) => void) {
-          update({
-            source: (source) => sources.push(source),
-            list: () => sources,
-          })
+      const transform = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (update: (draft: SkillV2.Draft) => void | Effect.Effect<void>) {
+        const result = update({
+          source: (source) => {
+            sources.push(source)
+          },
+          list: () => sources,
         })
+        if (Effect.isEffect(result)) yield* result
+        const dispose = Effect.sync(() => {
+          sources.length = 0
+        })
+        yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => dispose)
+        return { dispose }
       })
 
-      yield* ConfigSkillPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
+      yield* ConfigSkillPlugin.Plugin.effect(
+        host({
+          skill: { transform, reload: () => Effect.void },
+        }),
+      ).pipe(
+        Effect.provideService(Global.Service, Global.Service.of({ ...Global.make(), home: "/home/test" })),
+        Effect.provideService(Location.Service, Location.Service.of(location({ directory }))),
         Effect.provideService(
           Config.Service,
           Config.Service.of({
@@ -43,16 +56,6 @@ describe("ConfigSkillPlugin.Plugin", () => {
               ]),
           }),
         ),
-        Effect.provideService(Global.Service, Global.Service.of(Global.make({ home: "/home/test" }))),
-        Effect.provideService(Location.Service, Location.Service.of(location({ directory }))),
-        Effect.provideService(
-          SkillV2.Service,
-          SkillV2.Service.of({
-            transform,
-            sources: () => Effect.succeed(sources),
-            list: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-          }),
-        ),
       )
 
       expect(sources).toEqual([
diff --git a/packages/core/test/credential.test.ts b/packages/core/test/credential.test.ts
index c038598543a..8c1901acd20 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/credential.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/credential.test.ts
@@ -1,49 +1,35 @@
-import path from "path"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
-import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
-import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
-import { it } from "./lib/effect"
+import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-function layer(directory: string) {
-  return Credential.layer.pipe(
-    Layer.provide(Database.layerFromPath(path.join(directory, "credential.db")).pipe(Layer.fresh)),
-  )
-}
+const it = testEffect(Credential.defaultLayer)
 
 describe("Credential", () => {
-  it.live("stores, updates, lists, and removes credentials", () =>
-    Effect.acquireRelease(
-      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
-      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.flatMap((tmp) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
-          const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("openai")
-          const created = yield* credentials.create({
-            integrationID,
-            label: "Work",
-            value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "secret" }),
-          })
+  it.effect("stores, updates, lists, and removes credentials", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
+      const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("openai")
+      const created = yield* credentials.create({
+        integrationID,
+        label: "Work",
+        value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "secret" }),
+      })
 
-          expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([created])
-          yield* credentials.update(created.id, { label: "Personal" })
-          expect((yield* credentials.list(integrationID))[0]?.label).toBe("Personal")
+      expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([created])
+      yield* credentials.update(created.id, { label: "Personal" })
+      expect((yield* credentials.list(integrationID))[0]?.label).toBe("Personal")
 
-          const replacement = yield* credentials.create({
-            integrationID,
-            label: "Replacement",
-            value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "replacement" }),
-          })
-          expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([replacement])
+      const replacement = yield* credentials.create({
+        integrationID,
+        label: "Replacement",
+        value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "replacement" }),
+      })
+      expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([replacement])
 
-          yield* credentials.remove(replacement.id)
-          expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([])
-        }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer(tmp.path))),
-      ),
-    ),
+      yield* credentials.remove(replacement.id)
+      expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([])
+    }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/database-migration.test.ts b/packages/core/test/database-migration.test.ts
index d7126f76e26..63768719355 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/database-migration.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/database-migration.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import sessionMessageProjectionOrderMigration from "@opencode-ai/core/database/m
 import eventSourcedSessionInputMigration from "@opencode-ai/core/database/migration/20260604172448_event_sourced_session_input"
 import contextEpochAgentMigration from "@opencode-ai/core/database/migration/20260605042240_add_context_epoch_agent"
 import simplifyIntegrationCredentialsMigration from "@opencode-ai/core/database/migration/20260611192811_lush_chimera"
+import simplifySessionInputMigration from "@opencode-ai/core/database/migration/20260622202450_simplify_session_input"
+import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { ProjectV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/project"
 import { ProjectTable } from "@opencode-ai/core/project/sql"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
@@ -22,6 +24,8 @@ import { SessionTable } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/sql"
 import sessionMetadataMigration from "@opencode-ai/core/database/migration/20260511173437_session-metadata"
 import type { SqlClient as SqlClientService } from "effect/unstable/sql/SqlClient"
 import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
+import { SessionProjector } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/projector"
+import { SessionV1 } from "@opencode-ai/core/v1/session"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 
 const run = <A, E>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E, SqlClientService>) =>
@@ -71,9 +75,9 @@ describe("DatabaseMigration", () => {
         ).toEqual({ name: "session_context_epoch" })
         expect(
           yield* db.get(
-            sql`SELECT name, dflt_value FROM pragma_table_info('session_context_epoch') WHERE name = 'agent'`,
+            sql`SELECT name FROM pragma_table_info('session_context_epoch') WHERE name IN ('agent', 'replacement_seq', 'revision')`,
           ),
-        ).toEqual({ name: "agent", dflt_value: "'build'" })
+        ).toBeUndefined()
         expect(yield* db.get(sql`SELECT count(*) as count FROM migration`)).toEqual({ count: migrations.length })
         expect(
           yield* db.all(
@@ -226,6 +230,94 @@ describe("DatabaseMigration", () => {
     )
   })
 
+  test("preserves canonical V1 state and restarts its event stream", async () => {
+    await run(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const db = yield* makeDb
+        yield* db.run(sql`PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON`)
+        yield* DatabaseMigration.apply(db)
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO project (id, worktree, time_created, time_updated, sandboxes) VALUES ('global', '/project', 1, 1, '[]')`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO workspace (id, type, project_id, time_used) VALUES ('workspace', 'local', 'global', 1)`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO session (id, project_id, workspace_id, slug, directory, title, version, time_created, time_updated) VALUES ('session', 'global', 'workspace', 'session', '/project', 'Before', 'test', 1, 1)`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO message (id, session_id, time_created, time_updated, data) VALUES ('message', 'session', 1, 1, '{}')`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO part (id, message_id, session_id, time_created, time_updated, data) VALUES ('part', 'message', 'session', 1, 1, '{}')`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(sql`INSERT INTO event_sequence (aggregate_id, seq) VALUES ('session', 9)`)
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO event (id, aggregate_id, seq, type, data) VALUES ('event', 'session', 9, 'session.updated.1', '{}')`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO session_input (id, session_id, prompt, delivery, admitted_seq, time_created) VALUES ('input', 'session', '{}', 'steer', 9, 1)`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO session_message (id, session_id, type, seq, time_created, time_updated, data) VALUES ('projected', 'session', 'user', 9, 1, 1, '{}')`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(
+          sql`INSERT INTO session_context_epoch (session_id, baseline, snapshot, baseline_seq) VALUES ('session', 'baseline', '{}', 9)`,
+        )
+        yield* db.run(sql`DELETE FROM migration WHERE id = ${simplifySessionInputMigration.id}`)
+        yield* DatabaseMigration.applyOnly(db, [simplifySessionInputMigration])
+
+        const database = Layer.succeed(Database.Service, { db })
+        const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
+        yield* EventV2.Service.use((service) =>
+          service.publish(SessionV1.Event.Updated, {
+            sessionID: SessionSchema.ID.make("session"),
+            info: {
+              id: SessionSchema.ID.make("session"),
+              slug: "session",
+              projectID: ProjectV2.ID.global,
+              directory: "/project",
+              title: "After",
+              version: "test",
+              time: { created: 1, updated: 2 },
+            },
+          }),
+        ).pipe(
+          Effect.provide(
+            Layer.merge(events, SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(database))),
+          ),
+        )
+
+        expect(
+          yield* db.get(sql`
+            SELECT
+              (SELECT title FROM session WHERE id = 'session') AS title,
+              (SELECT workspace_id FROM session WHERE id = 'session') AS workspaceID,
+              (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM message WHERE id = 'message') AS messages,
+              (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM part WHERE id = 'part') AS parts,
+              (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM workspace) AS workspaces,
+              (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM session_input) AS sessionInputs,
+              (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM session_message) AS sessionMessages,
+              (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM session_context_epoch) AS contextEpochs,
+              (SELECT seq FROM event_sequence WHERE aggregate_id = 'session') AS seq,
+              (SELECT type FROM event WHERE aggregate_id = 'session') AS eventType
+          `),
+        ).toEqual({
+          title: "After",
+          workspaceID: null,
+          messages: 1,
+          parts: 1,
+          workspaces: 0,
+          sessionInputs: 0,
+          sessionMessages: 0,
+          contextEpochs: 0,
+          seq: 0,
+          eventType: "session.updated.1",
+        })
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+
   test("resets incompatible projected Session messages before adding sequence order", async () => {
     await run(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
diff --git a/packages/core/test/event.test.ts b/packages/core/test/event.test.ts
index cd8ba69253f..2001de4efec 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/event.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/event.test.ts
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ const Message = EventV2.define({
 
 const SyncMessage = EventV2.define({
   type: "test.sync",
-  sync: {
+  durable: {
     version: 1,
     aggregate: "id",
   },
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const SyncMessage = EventV2.define({
 
 const SyncSent = EventV2.define({
   type: "test.sent",
-  sync: {
+  durable: {
     version: 1,
     aggregate: "messageID",
   },
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ const GlobalMessage = EventV2.define({
 
 const VersionedMessage = EventV2.define({
   type: "test.versioned",
-  sync: {
+  durable: {
     version: 2,
     aggregate: "id",
   },
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ const VersionedMessage = EventV2.define({
 
 const SyncTimestamp = EventV2.define({
   type: "test.timestamp",
-  sync: {
+  durable: {
     version: 1,
     aggregate: "id",
   },
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       const event = yield* events.publish(VersionedMessage, { id: "one", text: "hello" })
 
       expect(event.type).toBe("test.versioned")
-      expect(event.version).toBe(2)
+      expect(event.durable?.version).toBe(2)
     }),
   )
 
@@ -146,12 +146,12 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     Effect.sync(() => {
       const latest = EventV2.define({
         type: "test.out-of-order",
-        sync: { version: 2, aggregate: "id" },
+        durable: { version: 2, aggregate: "id" },
         schema: { id: Schema.String },
       })
       EventV2.define({
         type: "test.out-of-order",
-        sync: { version: 1, aggregate: "id" },
+        durable: { version: 1, aggregate: "id" },
         schema: { id: Schema.String },
       })
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("commits local operational state inside a new synchronized event transaction", () =>
+  it.effect("commits local operational state inside a new durable event transaction", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const received = new Array<string>()
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("rolls back the synchronized event and projector when the local commit fails", () =>
+  it.effect("rolls back the durable event and projector when the local commit fails", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const exit = yield* events.publish(Message, { text: "hello" }, { commit: () => Effect.void }).pipe(Effect.exit)
 
-      expect(String(exit)).toContain("Local commit hooks require a synchronized event")
+      expect(String(exit)).toContain("Local commit hooks require a durable event")
     }),
   )
 
@@ -290,7 +290,6 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const received = new Array<string>()
-      yield* events.sync(() => Effect.die("sync defect"))
       yield* events.listen(() => {
         throw new Error("listener defect")
       })
@@ -303,7 +302,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       const event = yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: "one", text: "hello" })
 
       expect(received).toEqual([SyncMessage.type])
-      expect(event.seq).toBeNumber()
+      expect(event.durable?.seq).toBeNumber()
     }),
   )
 
@@ -336,49 +335,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("does not synchronize live-only events", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const synchronized = new Array<string>()
-      const unsubscribe = yield* events.sync((event) =>
-        Effect.sync(() => {
-          synchronized.push(event.type)
-        }),
-      )
-      yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() => unsubscribe)
-
-      yield* events.publish(Message, { text: "live only" })
-      yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: "one", text: "durable" })
-
-      expect(synchronized).toEqual([SyncMessage.type])
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("synchronizes only after the durable event commits", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      const synchronized = new Array<boolean>()
-      yield* events.sync((event) =>
-        db
-          .select({ id: EventTable.id })
-          .from(EventTable)
-          .where(eq(EventTable.id, event.id))
-          .get()
-          .pipe(
-            Effect.orDie,
-            Effect.map((row) => synchronized.push(row !== undefined)),
-            Effect.asVoid,
-          ),
-      )
-
-      yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: EventV2.ID.create(), text: "durable" })
-
-      expect(synchronized).toEqual([true])
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("inserts sync event rows on publish", () =>
+  it.effect("inserts durable event rows on publish", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
@@ -398,7 +355,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("increments sync event seq per aggregate", () =>
+  it.effect("increments durable event seq per aggregate", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
@@ -417,22 +374,22 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("replays durable aggregate events after a cursor and tails new events", () =>
+  it.effect("replays durable aggregate events after a sequence and tails new events", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const aggregateID = EventV2.ID.create()
       yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: "zero" })
       yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: "one" })
       const fiber = yield* events
-        .aggregateEvents({ aggregateID, after: EventV2.Cursor.make(0) })
+        .durable({ aggregateID, after: 0 })
         .pipe(Stream.take(2), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
       yield* Effect.yieldNow
 
       yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: "two" })
 
-      expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => [event.cursor, event.event.data])).toEqual([
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(1), { id: aggregateID, text: "one" }],
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(2), { id: aggregateID, text: "two" }],
+      expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => [event.durable?.seq, event.data])).toEqual([
+        [1, { id: aggregateID, text: "one" }],
+        [2, { id: aggregateID, text: "two" }],
       ])
     }),
   )
@@ -442,20 +399,18 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const aggregateID = EventV2.ID.create()
       yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: "zero" })
-      const fiber = yield* events
-        .aggregateEvents({ aggregateID })
-        .pipe(Stream.take(2), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
+      const fiber = yield* events.durable({ aggregateID }).pipe(Stream.take(2), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
 
       yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: "one" })
 
       expect(
         Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => [
-          event.cursor,
-          (event.event.data as { text: string }).text,
+          event.durable?.seq,
+          (event.data as { text: string }).text,
         ]),
       ).toEqual([
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(0), "zero"],
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(1), "one"],
+        [0, "zero"],
+        [1, "one"],
       ])
     }),
   )
@@ -465,30 +420,27 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       const readStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       const continueRead = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
       let pause = true
-      const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
       const eventLayer = EventV2.layerWith({
         beforeAggregateRead: () =>
           pause
             ? Deferred.succeed(readStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(continueRead)))
             : Effect.void,
-      }).pipe(Layer.provide(database))
+      }).pipe(Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer))
 
       yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
         const events = yield* EventV2.Service
         const aggregateID = EventV2.ID.create()
-        const fiber = yield* events
-          .aggregateEvents({ aggregateID })
-          .pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
+        const fiber = yield* events.durable({ aggregateID }).pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
         yield* Deferred.await(readStarted)
 
         pause = false
         yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: "during handoff" })
         yield* Deferred.succeed(continueRead, undefined)
 
-        expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => [event.cursor, event.event.data])).toEqual([
-          [EventV2.Cursor.make(0), { id: aggregateID, text: "during handoff" }],
+        expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => [event.durable?.seq, event.data])).toEqual([
+          [0, { id: aggregateID, text: "during handoff" }],
         ])
-      }).pipe(Effect.provide(Layer.mergeAll(database, eventLayer)))
+      }).pipe(Effect.provide(Layer.mergeAll(Database.defaultLayer, eventLayer)))
     }),
   )
 
@@ -498,7 +450,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       const aggregateID = EventV2.ID.create()
       const count = 64
       const fiber = yield* events
-        .aggregateEvents({ aggregateID })
+        .durable({ aggregateID })
         .pipe(Stream.take(count), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
       yield* Effect.yieldNow
 
@@ -506,11 +458,8 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
         yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: String(index) })
       }
 
-      expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => [event.cursor, event.event.data])).toEqual(
-        Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => [
-          EventV2.Cursor.make(index),
-          { id: aggregateID, text: String(index) },
-        ]),
+      expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => [event.durable?.seq, event.data])).toEqual(
+        Array.from({ length: count }, (_, index) => [index, { id: aggregateID, text: String(index) }]),
       )
     }),
   )
@@ -519,15 +468,13 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const aggregateID = EventV2.ID.create()
-      const fiber = yield* events
-        .aggregateEvents({ aggregateID })
-        .pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
+      const fiber = yield* events.durable({ aggregateID }).pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect, Effect.forkScoped)
       yield* Effect.yieldNow
 
       yield* events.publish(Message, { text: "live only" })
       yield* events.publish(SyncMessage, { id: aggregateID, text: "durable" })
 
-      expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => event.event.type)).toEqual([SyncMessage.type])
+      expect(Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber)).map((event) => event.type)).toEqual([SyncMessage.type])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -550,7 +497,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("replays sync events through projectors", () =>
+  it.effect("replays durable events through projectors", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const received = new Array<EventV2.Payload>()
@@ -706,7 +653,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
         })
         .pipe(Effect.exit)
 
-      expect(String(exit)).toContain("Unknown sync event type")
+      expect(String(exit)).toContain("Unknown durable event type")
     }),
   )
 
@@ -843,7 +790,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       const replayed = {
         id: published.id,
         type: EventV2.versionedType(SyncMessage.type, 1),
-        seq: published.seq!,
+        seq: published.durable!.seq,
         aggregateID,
         data: published.data,
       }
@@ -988,7 +935,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
       yield* events.replay(replayed, { publish: true })
       yield* events.replay(replayed, { publish: true })
 
-      expect(received).toMatchObject([{ id: replayed.id, seq: 0, data: replayed.data }])
+      expect(received).toMatchObject([{ id: replayed.id, durable: { seq: 0, version: 1 }, data: replayed.data }])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -1110,7 +1057,7 @@ describe("EventV2", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("remove clears sync event sequence", () =>
+  it.effect("remove clears durable event sequence", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const received = new Array<EventV2.Payload>()
diff --git a/packages/core/test/filesystem/filesystem.test.ts b/packages/core/test/filesystem/filesystem.test.ts
index 10f61d8a97f..31371b0ac7e 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/filesystem/filesystem.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/filesystem/filesystem.test.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/core/fs-util"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 import path from "path"
 
-const live = FSUtil.layer.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(NodeFileSystem.layer))
+const live = Layer.merge(FSUtil.defaultLayer, NodeFileSystem.layer)
 const { effect: it } = testEffect(live)
 
 describe("FSUtil", () => {
diff --git a/packages/core/test/filesystem/search.test.ts b/packages/core/test/filesystem/search.test.ts
index cdc8344de50..77d0a9e33cb 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/filesystem/search.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/filesystem/search.test.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe("Ripgrep", () => {
         yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.mkdir(path.join(cwd, "src")))
         yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(cwd, "src", "match.ts"), "needle\n"))
         const result = yield* (yield* Ripgrep.Service).glob({ cwd, pattern: "**/*.ts", limit: 10 })
-        expect(result.map((item) => item.path)).toEqual([RelativePath.make(path.join("src", "match.ts"))])
+        expect(result.map((item) => item.path)).toEqual([RelativePath.make("src/match.ts")])
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ describe("Ripgrep", () => {
         yield* Effect.promise(() => fs.writeFile(path.join(cwd, "src", "skip.txt"), "needle\n"))
         const result = yield* (yield* Ripgrep.Service).grep({ cwd, pattern: "needle", include: "*.ts", limit: 10 })
         expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
-        expect(result[0]?.entry.path).toBe(RelativePath.make(path.join("src", "match.ts")))
+        expect(result[0]?.entry.path).toBe(RelativePath.make("src/match.ts"))
         expect(result[0]?.submatches[0]?.text).toBe("needle")
       }),
     ),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/fixture/location.ts b/packages/core/test/fixture/location.ts
index 00b3ffbd13f..40d8ed9dc36 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/fixture/location.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/fixture/location.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { Project } from "@opencode-ai/core/project"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { tmpdir } from "./tmpdir"
 
 export function location(ref: Location.Ref, input: { projectDirectory?: AbsolutePath; vcs?: Project.Vcs } = {}) {
   return {
@@ -10,3 +12,15 @@ export function location(ref: Location.Ref, input: { projectDirectory?: Absolute
     vcs: input.vcs,
   } satisfies Location.Interface
 }
+
+export const tempLocationLayer = Layer.unwrap(
+  Effect.acquireRelease(
+    Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+    (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+  ).pipe(
+    Effect.map((tmp) => {
+      const ref = Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(tmp.path) })
+      return Layer.succeed(Location.Service, Location.Service.of(location(ref)))
+    }),
+  ),
+)
diff --git a/packages/core/test/integration.test.ts b/packages/core/test/integration.test.ts
index ca4362c6058..f4a1ccd8358 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/integration.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/integration.test.ts
@@ -4,45 +4,12 @@ import * as TestClock from "effect/testing/TestClock"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
 import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
 import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
-import { it } from "./lib/effect"
+import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const layer = Integration.locationLayer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-  Layer.provide(
-    Layer.mock(Credential.Service)({
-      create: () => Effect.die("unexpected credential creation"),
-      list: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-    }),
-  ),
+const it = testEffect(
+  Integration.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(Credential.defaultLayer), Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer)),
 )
 
-function connectionLayer(
-  created: Array<{
-    integrationID: Integration.ID
-    label?: string
-    value: Credential.Info
-  }>,
-) {
-  return Integration.locationLayer.pipe(
-    Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.provide(
-      Layer.mock(Credential.Service)({
-        create: (input) =>
-          Effect.sync(() => {
-            created.push(input)
-            return new Credential.Stored({
-              id: Credential.ID.create(),
-              integrationID: input.integrationID,
-              label: input.label ?? "default",
-              value: input.value,
-            })
-          }),
-        list: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-}
-
 describe("Integration", () => {
   it.effect("registers integrations through the editor", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -51,7 +18,7 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
       const openai = Integration.ID.make("openai")
 
       yield* integrations
-        .update((editor) => editor.update(openai, (integration) => (integration.name = "OpenAI")))
+        .transform((editor) => editor.update(openai, (integration) => (integration.name = "OpenAI")))
         .pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
       expect(yield* integrations.get(openai)).toEqual(
         new Integration.Info({ id: openai, name: "OpenAI", methods: [], connections: [] }),
@@ -59,7 +26,7 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
 
       yield* Scope.close(scope, Exit.void)
       expect(yield* integrations.get(openai)).toBeUndefined()
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer)),
+    }),
   )
 
   it.effect("reveals the previous registration when an override closes", () =>
@@ -70,17 +37,17 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
       const second = yield* Scope.fork(yield* Scope.Scope)
 
       yield* integrations
-        .update((editor) => editor.update(id, (integration) => (integration.name = "OpenAI")))
+        .transform((editor) => editor.update(id, (integration) => (integration.name = "OpenAI")))
         .pipe(Scope.provide(first))
       yield* integrations
-        .update((editor) => editor.update(id, (integration) => (integration.name = "OpenAI Override")))
+        .transform((editor) => editor.update(id, (integration) => (integration.name = "OpenAI Override")))
         .pipe(Scope.provide(second))
       expect((yield* integrations.get(id))?.name).toBe("OpenAI Override")
 
       yield* Scope.close(second, Exit.void)
       expect((yield* integrations.get(id))?.name).toBe("OpenAI")
       expect((yield* integrations.list()).map((integration) => integration.id)).toEqual([id])
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer)),
+    }),
   )
 
   it.effect("registers and overrides methods independently", () =>
@@ -99,7 +66,7 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
         })
 
       yield* integrations
-        .update((editor) =>
+        .transform((editor) =>
           editor.method.update({
             integrationID,
             method: { id: methodID, type: "oauth", label: "ChatGPT" },
@@ -108,7 +75,7 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
         )
         .pipe(Scope.provide(first))
       yield* integrations
-        .update((editor) => {
+        .transform((editor) => {
           expect(editor.get(integrationID)).toEqual({ id: integrationID, name: "openai" })
           expect(editor.list()).toEqual([{ id: integrationID, name: "openai" }])
           expect(editor.method.list(integrationID)).toEqual([
@@ -128,20 +95,16 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
       yield* Scope.close(second, Exit.void)
       expect((yield* integrations.get(integrationID))?.methods[0]).toMatchObject({ label: "ChatGPT" })
       expect((yield* integrations.get(integrationID))?.methods).toEqual([expect.objectContaining({ id: methodID })])
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer)),
+    }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("connects with a key and stores the credential", () => {
-    const created: Array<{
-      integrationID: Integration.ID
-      label?: string
-      value: Credential.Info
-    }> = []
-    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+  it.effect("connects with a key and stores the credential", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
       const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+      const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("openai")
-      yield* integrations.update((editor) =>
+      yield* integrations.transform((editor) =>
         editor.method.update({
           integrationID,
           method: { type: "key", label: "API key" },
@@ -158,28 +121,24 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
         label: "Work",
       })
 
-      expect(created).toEqual([
-        {
+      expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([
+        expect.objectContaining({
           integrationID,
           label: "Work",
           value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "secret" }),
-        },
+        }),
       ])
       expect((yield* Fiber.join(updated)).length).toBe(1)
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(connectionLayer(created)))
-  })
+    }),
+  )
 
-  it.effect("completes code OAuth once and stores the credential", () => {
-    const created: Array<{
-      integrationID: Integration.ID
-      label?: string
-      value: Credential.Info
-    }> = []
-    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+  it.effect("completes code OAuth once and stores the credential", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
       const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+      const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
       const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("openai")
       const methodID = Integration.MethodID.make("chatgpt")
-      yield* integrations.update((editor) =>
+      yield* integrations.transform((editor) =>
         editor.method.update({
           integrationID,
           method: { id: methodID, type: "oauth", label: "ChatGPT" },
@@ -212,33 +171,31 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
       expect(attempt.mode).toBe("code")
       yield* integrations.attempt.complete({ attemptID: attempt.attemptID, code: "1234" })
 
-      expect(created[0]).toEqual({
-        integrationID,
-        label: "Personal",
-        value: new Credential.OAuth({
-          type: "oauth",
-          methodID,
-          access: "access",
-          refresh: "refresh",
-          expires: 1,
-          metadata: { code: "1234" },
+      expect((yield* credentials.list(integrationID))[0]).toEqual(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          integrationID,
+          label: "Personal",
+          value: new Credential.OAuth({
+            type: "oauth",
+            methodID,
+            access: "access",
+            refresh: "refresh",
+            expires: 1,
+            metadata: { code: "1234" },
+          }),
         }),
-      })
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(connectionLayer(created)))
-  })
+      )
+    }),
+  )
 
-  it.effect("keeps code attempts open when the code is missing and closes them on cancel", () => {
-    const created: Array<{
-      integrationID: Integration.ID
-      label?: string
-      value: Credential.Info
-    }> = []
-    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+  it.effect("keeps code attempts open when the code is missing and closes them on cancel", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
       const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+      const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
       const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("openai")
       const methodID = Integration.MethodID.make("chatgpt")
       let closed = false
-      yield* integrations.update((editor) =>
+      yield* integrations.transform((editor) =>
         editor.method.update({
           integrationID,
           method: { id: methodID, type: "oauth", label: "ChatGPT" },
@@ -261,21 +218,17 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
       expect(closed).toBe(false)
       yield* integrations.attempt.cancel(attempt.attemptID)
       expect(closed).toBe(true)
-      expect(created).toEqual([])
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(connectionLayer(created)))
-  })
+      expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
 
-  it.effect("completes auto OAuth in the background", () => {
-    const created: Array<{
-      integrationID: Integration.ID
-      label?: string
-      value: Credential.Info
-    }> = []
-    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+  it.effect("completes auto OAuth in the background", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
       const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+      const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
       const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("openai")
       const methodID = Integration.MethodID.make("browser")
-      yield* integrations.update((editor) =>
+      yield* integrations.transform((editor) =>
         editor.method.update({
           integrationID,
           method: { id: methodID, type: "oauth", label: "Browser" },
@@ -297,22 +250,18 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
         status: "complete",
         time: attempt.time,
       })
-      expect(created).toHaveLength(1)
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(connectionLayer(created)))
-  })
+      expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toHaveLength(1)
+    }),
+  )
 
-  it.effect("expires abandoned OAuth attempts", () => {
-    const created: Array<{
-      integrationID: Integration.ID
-      label?: string
-      value: Credential.Info
-    }> = []
-    return Effect.gen(function* () {
+  it.effect("expires abandoned OAuth attempts", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
       const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+      const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
       const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("openai")
       const methodID = Integration.MethodID.make("browser")
       let closed = false
-      yield* integrations.update((editor) =>
+      yield* integrations.transform((editor) =>
         editor.method.update({
           integrationID,
           method: { id: methodID, type: "oauth", label: "Browser" },
@@ -337,34 +286,12 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
         time: attempt.time,
       })
       expect(closed).toBe(true)
-      expect(created).toEqual([])
-    }).pipe(Effect.provide(connectionLayer(created)))
-  })
+      expect(yield* credentials.list(integrationID)).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
 
   it.effect("projects credential and env connections", () => {
     const integrationID = Integration.ID.make("acme")
-    const rows = [
-      {
-        id: Credential.ID.create(),
-        integrationID,
-        label: "Work",
-        value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "a" }),
-      },
-      {
-        id: Credential.ID.create(),
-        integrationID,
-        label: "Personal",
-        value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "b" }),
-      },
-    ]
-    const projectionLayer = Integration.locationLayer.pipe(
-      Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-      Layer.provide(
-        Layer.mock(Credential.Service)({
-          list: () => Effect.succeed(rows.map((row) => new Credential.Stored(row))),
-        }),
-      ),
-    )
     return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
       Effect.sync(() => {
         const previous = process.env.INTEGRATION_TEST_ACME_KEY
@@ -375,7 +302,8 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-          yield* integrations.update((editor) =>
+          const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
+          yield* integrations.transform((editor) =>
             editor.method.update({
               integrationID,
               method: {
@@ -384,23 +312,33 @@ describe("Integration", () => {
               },
             }),
           )
+          const work = yield* credentials.create({
+            integrationID,
+            label: "Work",
+            value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "a" }),
+          })
+          const personal = yield* credentials.create({
+            integrationID,
+            label: "Personal",
+            value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "b" }),
+          })
 
           // Stored credentials and detected env vars appear as connections.
           expect((yield* integrations.get(integrationID))?.connections).toEqual([
-            { type: "credential", id: rows[0]!.id, label: "Work" },
             {
               type: "credential",
-              id: rows[1]!.id,
+              id: personal.id,
               label: "Personal",
             },
             { type: "env", name: "INTEGRATION_TEST_ACME_KEY" },
           ])
           expect(yield* integrations.connection.forIntegration(integrationID)).toEqual({
             type: "credential",
-            id: rows[1]!.id,
+            id: personal.id,
             label: "Personal",
           })
-        }).pipe(Effect.provide(projectionLayer)),
+          expect(work.id).not.toBe(personal.id)
+        }),
       (previous) =>
         Effect.sync(() => {
           if (previous === undefined) delete process.env.INTEGRATION_TEST_ACME_KEY
diff --git a/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts b/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts
index 69dba2ae0a5..5bb064b5f81 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Equal, Hash, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
+import { DateTime, Effect, Equal, Hash, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/core/public"
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-layer"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
+import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
+import { ProjectV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/project"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
+import { SessionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/session"
+import { SessionRunnerModel } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/model"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { toolDefinitions } from "./lib/tool"
@@ -34,8 +40,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
         Layer.mergeAll(
           Project.defaultLayer,
           EventV2.defaultLayer,
-          Credential.defaultLayer,
-          Credential.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Database.layerFromPath(":memory:").pipe(Layer.fresh))),
+          Credential.defaultLayer.pipe(Layer.fresh),
           Npm.defaultLayer,
           ModelsDev.defaultLayer,
           FSUtil.defaultLayer,
@@ -83,11 +88,9 @@ describe("LocationServiceMap", () => {
 
           const update = (directory: string) =>
             Effect.gen(function* () {
-              yield* PluginBoot.Service.use((boot) => boot.wait())
               yield* Reference.Service
               const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-              const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-              yield* transform((editor) => editor.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), () => {}))
+              yield* catalog.transform((editor) => editor.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("test"), () => {}))
               return {
                 providers: yield* catalog.provider.all(),
                 tools: yield* toolDefinitions(yield* ToolRegistry.Service),
@@ -135,4 +138,88 @@ describe("LocationServiceMap", () => {
       ),
     ),
   )
+
+  it.live("rejects an unavailable selected model during location model resolution", () =>
+    Effect.acquireRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (dir) => Effect.promise(() => dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ).pipe(
+      Effect.flatMap((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const location = Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(dir.path) })
+          yield* Effect.promise(() =>
+            fs.writeFile(
+              path.join(dir.path, "opencode.json"),
+              JSON.stringify({
+                providers: {
+                  unavailable: {
+                    name: "Unavailable",
+                    api: { type: "native", settings: {} },
+                    models: { chat: { disabled: true } },
+                  },
+                },
+              }),
+            ),
+          )
+          const failure = yield* SessionRunnerModel.Service.use((models) =>
+            models.resolve(
+              SessionV2.Info.make({
+                id: SessionV2.ID.make("ses_unavailable_model"),
+                projectID: ProjectV2.ID.global,
+                title: "test",
+                model: {
+                  id: ModelV2.ID.make("chat"),
+                  providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("unavailable"),
+                },
+                cost: 0,
+                tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+                time: { created: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0), updated: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0) },
+                location,
+              }),
+            ),
+          ).pipe(Effect.provide(LocationServiceMap.get(location)), Effect.flip)
+
+          expect(failure).toMatchObject({
+            _tag: "SessionRunnerModel.ModelUnavailableError",
+            providerID: "unavailable",
+            modelID: "chat",
+          })
+        }),
+      ),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.live("installs public plugins into a location", () =>
+    Effect.acquireRelease(
+      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
+      (dir) => Effect.promise(() => dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
+    ).pipe(
+      Effect.flatMap((dir) =>
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+          const reviewer = define({
+            id: "reviewer",
+            effect: (ctx) =>
+              ctx.agent
+                .transform((agent) => {
+                  agent.update("reviewer", (item) => {
+                    item.description = "Reviews code"
+                    item.mode = "subagent"
+                  })
+                })
+                .pipe(Effect.asVoid),
+          })
+          yield* plugins.add(PluginV2.ID.make(reviewer.id), reviewer.effect)
+
+          expect(yield* (yield* AgentV2.Service).get(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"))).toMatchObject({
+            description: "Reviews code",
+            mode: "subagent",
+          })
+        }).pipe(
+          Effect.scoped,
+          Effect.provide(LocationServiceMap.get(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(dir.path) }))),
+        ),
+      ),
+    ),
+  )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/move-session.test.ts b/packages/core/test/move-session.test.ts
index 5f7fbb16d3a..84efa4cbadc 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/move-session.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/move-session.test.ts
@@ -21,34 +21,39 @@ import { SessionStore } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/store"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const directories = ProjectDirectories.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(events))
-const projector = SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(events))
 const project = Project.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(database),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(Git.defaultLayer),
-  Layer.provide(directories),
+  Layer.provide(ProjectDirectories.defaultLayer),
 )
-const store = SessionStore.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
 const sessions = SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(events),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(project),
-  Layer.provide(store),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
 )
 const layer = MoveSession.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(database),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(Git.defaultLayer),
-  Layer.provide(events),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(project),
   Layer.provide(sessions),
 )
 const it = testEffect(
-  Layer.mergeAll(layer, database, events, directories, project, projector, store, SessionExecution.noopLayer, sessions),
+  Layer.mergeAll(
+    layer,
+    Database.defaultLayer,
+    EventV2.defaultLayer,
+    ProjectDirectories.defaultLayer,
+    project,
+    SessionProjector.defaultLayer,
+    SessionStore.defaultLayer,
+    SessionExecution.noopLayer,
+    sessions,
+  ),
 )
 
 function abs(input: string) {
diff --git a/packages/core/test/npm.test.ts b/packages/core/test/npm.test.ts
index c149116cd5e..349d9ab7e48 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/npm.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/npm.test.ts
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ describe("Npm.add", () => {
       return yield* npm.add(spec)
     }).pipe(Effect.scoped, Effect.provide(npmLayer(path.join(tmp.path, "cache"))), Effect.runPromise)
 
-    expect(Option.isSome(entry.entrypoint)).toBe(true)
+    expect(entry.entrypoint).toBeDefined()
   })
 })
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/permission.test.ts b/packages/core/test/permission.test.ts
index ebe06400e98..0f07ed54764 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/permission.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/permission.test.ts
@@ -18,29 +18,25 @@ import { eq } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { location } from "./fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
 const current = Layer.succeed(
   Location.Service,
   Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })),
 )
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const store = SessionStore.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
 const sessions = SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(events),
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(store),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(Project.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
 )
-const saved = PermissionSaved.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
 const layer = PermissionV2.locationLayer.pipe(
-  Layer.provideMerge(database),
-  Layer.provideMerge(store),
-  Layer.provideMerge(events),
+  Layer.provideMerge(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provideMerge(current),
   Layer.provideMerge(sessions),
   Layer.provideMerge(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
-  Layer.provideMerge(saved),
+  Layer.provideMerge(PermissionSaved.defaultLayer),
 )
 const it = testEffect(layer)
 
@@ -74,8 +70,7 @@ function setup(rules: PermissionV2.Ruleset = []) {
 function setRules(rules: PermissionV2.Ruleset) {
   return Effect.gen(function* () {
     const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
-    const update = yield* agents.transform()
-    yield* update((editor) =>
+    yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
       editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("test"), (agent) => {
         agent.permissions = [...rules]
       }),
@@ -130,7 +125,7 @@ describe("PermissionV2", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup([{ action: "read", resource: "*", effect: "allow" }])
       const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
-      yield* agents.update((editor) =>
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"), (agent) => {
           agent.permissions.push({ action: "read", resource: "*", effect: "deny" })
         }),
@@ -139,7 +134,7 @@ describe("PermissionV2", () => {
 
       expect(yield* service.ask(assertion())).toMatchObject({ effect: "allow" })
       expect(yield* service.ask(assertion({ agent: AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer") }))).toMatchObject({ effect: "deny" })
-      yield* agents.update((editor) =>
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"), (agent) => {
           agent.permissions = []
         }),
@@ -187,8 +182,7 @@ describe("PermissionV2", () => {
         .run()
         .pipe(Effect.orDie)
       const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
-      const update = yield* agents.transform()
-      yield* update((editor) =>
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("build"), (agent) => {
           agent.permissions = [{ action: "todowrite", resource: "*", effect: "allow" }]
         }),
@@ -214,7 +208,7 @@ describe("PermissionV2", () => {
         .run()
         .pipe(Effect.orDie)
       const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
-      yield* agents.update((editor) => {
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) => {
         editor.remove(AgentV2.ID.make("test"))
         editor.remove(AgentV2.ID.make("build"))
       })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin.test.ts
index d89d531147c..1e278976539 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin.test.ts
@@ -1,90 +1,71 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Context, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
+import { Effect, Exit, Fiber } from "effect"
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
-import { State } from "@opencode-ai/core/state"
-import { it } from "./lib/effect"
+import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./plugin/fixture"
 
-const events = Layer.mock(EventV2.Service)({
-  publish: (definition, data) =>
-    Effect.succeed({
-      id: EventV2.ID.make("evt_plugin_test"),
-      type: definition.type,
-      data,
-    }),
-})
-const plugins = PluginV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events))
-
-function state() {
-  return State.create({
-    initial: () => ({ values: [] as string[] }),
-    editor: (draft) => ({
-      add: (value: string) => draft.values.push(value),
-    }),
-  })
-}
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
 
 describe("PluginV2", () => {
-  it.effect("closes plugin-owned scopes when the registry layer finalizes", () =>
+  it.effect("waits for a plugin and returns immediately once active", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const values = state()
-      const layerScope = yield* Scope.fork(yield* Scope.Scope)
-      const plugin = Context.get(yield* Layer.buildWithScope(Layer.fresh(plugins), layerScope), PluginV2.Service)
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const id = PluginV2.ID.make("waited")
+      const waiting = yield* plugins.wait(id).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
 
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("scoped"),
-        effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const transform = yield* values.transform()
-          yield* transform((editor) => editor.add("scoped"))
-        }),
-      })
-      expect(values.get().values).toEqual(["scoped"])
-
-      yield* Scope.close(layerScope, Exit.void)
-      expect(values.get().values).toEqual([])
+      yield* plugins.add(id, () => Effect.void)
+      yield* Fiber.join(waiting)
+      yield* plugins.wait(id)
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("serializes same-ID additions and leaves one removable attachment", () =>
+  it.effect("propagates plugin activation defects to waiters", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const values = state()
-      const layerScope = yield* Scope.fork(yield* Scope.Scope)
-      const plugin = Context.get(yield* Layer.buildWithScope(Layer.fresh(plugins), layerScope), PluginV2.Service)
-      const id = PluginV2.ID.make("shared")
-      const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-      const releaseFirst = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const id = PluginV2.ID.make("failed")
+      const waiting = yield* plugins.wait(id).pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.forkChild)
 
-      const first = yield* plugin
-        .add({
-          id,
-          effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const transform = yield* values.transform()
-            yield* transform((editor) => editor.add("first"))
-            yield* Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined)
-            yield* Deferred.await(releaseFirst)
-          }),
+      const added = yield* plugins.add(id, () => Effect.die("boom")).pipe(Effect.exit)
+      const pending = yield* Fiber.join(waiting)
+      const later = yield* plugins.wait(id).pipe(Effect.exit)
+
+      expect(Exit.isFailure(added)).toBe(true)
+      expect(Exit.isFailure(pending)).toBe(true)
+      expect(Exit.isFailure(later)).toBe(true)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("adds, replaces, and removes plugins", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const plugins = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      let description = "first"
+
+      const managed = () =>
+        define({
+          id: "managed",
+          effect: (ctx) =>
+            ctx.agent
+              .transform((agents) =>
+                agents.update("configured", (agent) => {
+                  agent.description = description
+                }),
+              )
+              .pipe(Effect.asVoid),
         })
-        .pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
 
-      const second = yield* plugin
-        .add({
-          id,
-          effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const transform = yield* values.transform()
-            yield* transform((editor) => editor.add("second"))
-          }),
-        })
-        .pipe(Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true }))
-      expect(values.get().values).toEqual(["first"])
+      yield* plugins.add(PluginV2.ID.make("managed"), managed().effect)
 
-      yield* Deferred.succeed(releaseFirst, undefined)
-      yield* Fiber.join(first)
-      yield* Fiber.join(second)
-      expect(values.get().values).toEqual(["second"])
+      expect((yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make("configured")))?.description).toBe("first")
 
-      yield* plugin.remove(id)
-      expect(values.get().values).toEqual([])
+      description = "second"
+      yield* plugins.add(PluginV2.ID.make("managed"), managed().effect)
+      expect((yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make("configured")))?.description).toBe("second")
+
+      yield* plugins.remove(PluginV2.ID.make("managed"))
+      expect(yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make("configured"))).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/command.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/command.test.ts
index 099e1825185..d4e2500c218 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/command.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/command.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { CommandPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/command"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { location } from "../fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { host } from "./host"
 
 const directory = AbsolutePath.make("/repo/packages/app")
 const project = AbsolutePath.make("/repo")
@@ -21,8 +22,11 @@ describe("CommandPlugin.Plugin", () => {
   it.effect("registers built-in init and review commands", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const command = yield* CommandV2.Service
-      yield* CommandPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(
-        Effect.provideService(CommandV2.Service, command),
+      yield* CommandPlugin.Plugin.effect(
+        host({
+          command: { transform: command.transform, reload: command.reload },
+        }),
+      ).pipe(
         Effect.provideService(
           Location.Service,
           Location.Service.of(location({ directory }, { projectDirectory: project })),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/fixture.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixture.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4062d37f7a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixture.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
+import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
+import { FileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
+import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/core/fs-util"
+import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
+import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/core/npm"
+import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { RepositoryCache } from "@opencode-ai/core/repository-cache"
+import { Ripgrep } from "@opencode-ai/core/ripgrep"
+import { SkillDiscovery } from "@opencode-ai/core/skill/discovery"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { tempLocationLayer } from "../fixture/location"
+
+export const PluginTestLayer = Layer.mergeAll(FileSystem.locationLayer, PluginV2.locationLayer).pipe(
+  Layer.provideMerge(
+    Layer.mergeAll(
+      Credential.defaultLayer,
+      EventV2.defaultLayer,
+      FSUtil.defaultLayer,
+      Global.defaultLayer,
+      Layer.succeed(
+        Npm.Service,
+        Npm.Service.of({
+          add: () => Effect.succeed({ directory: "", entrypoint: undefined }),
+          install: () => Effect.void,
+          which: () => Effect.succeed(undefined),
+        }),
+      ),
+      RepositoryCache.defaultLayer,
+      SkillDiscovery.defaultLayer,
+      Ripgrep.defaultLayer,
+      tempLocationLayer,
+    ),
+  ),
+)
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/config-effect-plugin.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/config-effect-plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a5f12a113da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/config-effect-plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+
+export default define({
+  id: "config-effect-plugin",
+  effect: (ctx) =>
+    ctx.agent
+      .transform((agents) => {
+        agents.update("effect-configured", (agent) => {
+          agent.description = ctx.options.description
+          agent.mode = "subagent"
+        })
+      })
+      .pipe(Effect.asVoid),
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/config-promise-plugin.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/config-promise-plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed53e4b947b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/config-promise-plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/promise"
+
+export default define({
+  id: "config-promise-plugin",
+  setup: async (ctx) => {
+    await ctx.agent.transform((agents) => {
+      agents.update("configured", (agent) => {
+        agent.description = ctx.options.description
+        agent.mode = "subagent"
+      })
+    })
+  },
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/invalid-plugin.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/invalid-plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b1c6ea436a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/fixtures/invalid-plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export default {}
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/host.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/host.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62fa8391e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/host.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+import type { PluginContext } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
+import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import type { IntegrationEnvMethod, IntegrationKeyMethod, IntegrationOAuthMethod } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+
+type Overrides = Partial<Omit<PluginContext, "options">>
+
+export function host(overrides: Overrides = {}): PluginContext {
+  return {
+    options: {},
+    agent: overrides.agent ?? {
+      transform: () => Effect.die("unused agent.transform"),
+      reload: () => Effect.die("unused agent.reload"),
+    },
+    aisdk: overrides.aisdk ?? {
+      sdk: () => Effect.die("unused aisdk.sdk"),
+      language: () => Effect.die("unused aisdk.language"),
+    },
+    catalog: overrides.catalog ?? {
+      transform: () => Effect.die("unused catalog.transform"),
+      reload: () => Effect.die("unused catalog.reload"),
+    },
+    command: overrides.command ?? {
+      transform: () => Effect.die("unused command.transform"),
+      reload: () => Effect.die("unused command.reload"),
+    },
+    integration: overrides.integration ?? {
+      transform: () => Effect.die("unused integration.transform"),
+      reload: () => Effect.die("unused integration.reload"),
+    },
+    plugin: overrides.plugin ?? {
+      add: () => Effect.die("unused plugin.add"),
+      remove: () => Effect.die("unused plugin.remove"),
+    },
+    reference: overrides.reference ?? {
+      transform: () => Effect.die("unused reference.transform"),
+      reload: () => Effect.die("unused reference.reload"),
+    },
+    skill: overrides.skill ?? {
+      transform: () => Effect.die("unused skill.transform"),
+      reload: () => Effect.die("unused skill.reload"),
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+export function agentHost(agent: AgentV2.Interface): PluginContext["agent"] {
+  return {
+    reload: agent.reload,
+    transform: (callback) =>
+      agent.transform((draft) =>
+        callback({
+          list: () => draft.list().map(agentInfo),
+          get: (id) => {
+            const value = draft.get(AgentV2.ID.make(id))
+            return value && agentInfo(value)
+          },
+          default: (id) => draft.default(id === undefined ? undefined : AgentV2.ID.make(id)),
+          update: (id, update) =>
+            draft.update(AgentV2.ID.make(id), (value) => {
+              const current = agentInfo(value)
+              update(current)
+              Object.assign(value, current, { id: AgentV2.ID.make(current.id) })
+            }),
+          remove: (id) => draft.remove(AgentV2.ID.make(id)),
+        }),
+      ),
+  }
+}
+
+export function catalogHost(catalog: Catalog.Interface): PluginContext["catalog"] {
+  return {
+    reload: catalog.reload,
+    transform: (callback) =>
+      catalog.transform((draft) =>
+        callback({
+          provider: {
+            list: () =>
+              draft.provider.list().map((value) => ({
+                provider: providerInfo(value.provider),
+                models: new Map(Array.from(value.models, ([id, model]) => [id, modelInfo(model)])),
+              })),
+            get: (id) => {
+              const value = draft.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make(id))
+              return (
+                value && {
+                  provider: providerInfo(value.provider),
+                  models: new Map(Array.from(value.models, ([id, model]) => [id, modelInfo(model)])),
+                }
+              )
+            },
+            update: (id, update) =>
+              draft.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make(id), (value) => {
+                const current = providerInfo(value)
+                update(current)
+                Object.assign(value, current, { id: ProviderV2.ID.make(current.id) })
+              }),
+            remove: (id) => draft.provider.remove(ProviderV2.ID.make(id)),
+          },
+          model: {
+            get: (providerID, modelID) => {
+              const value = draft.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID))
+              return value && modelInfo(value)
+            },
+            update: (providerID, modelID, update) =>
+              draft.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID), (value) => {
+                const current = modelInfo(value)
+                update(current)
+                Object.assign(value, current, {
+                  id: ModelV2.ID.make(current.id),
+                  providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make(current.providerID),
+                  family: current.family === undefined ? undefined : ModelV2.Family.make(current.family),
+                  variants: current.variants.map((variant) => ({
+                    ...variant,
+                    id: ModelV2.VariantID.make(variant.id),
+                  })),
+                })
+              }),
+            remove: (providerID, modelID) =>
+              draft.model.remove(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
+            default: {
+              get: () => {
+                const value = draft.model.default.get()
+                return value && { providerID: value.providerID, modelID: value.modelID }
+              },
+              set: (providerID, modelID) =>
+                draft.model.default.set(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
+            },
+          },
+        }),
+      ),
+  }
+}
+
+export function integrationHost(integration: Integration.Interface): PluginContext["integration"] {
+  return {
+    reload: integration.reload,
+    transform: (callback) =>
+      integration.transform((draft) =>
+        callback({
+          list: () => draft.list().map((value) => ({ id: value.id, name: value.name })),
+          get: (id) => {
+            const value = draft.get(Integration.ID.make(id))
+            return value && { id: value.id, name: value.name }
+          },
+          update: (id, update) => draft.update(Integration.ID.make(id), update),
+          remove: (id) => draft.remove(Integration.ID.make(id)),
+          method: {
+            list: (id) => draft.method.list(Integration.ID.make(id)).map(method),
+            update: (input) =>
+              input.method.type === "env"
+                ? draft.method.update({
+                    integrationID: Integration.ID.make(input.integrationID),
+                    method: { ...input.method, names: [...input.method.names] },
+                  })
+                : draft.method.update({
+                    integrationID: Integration.ID.make(input.integrationID),
+                    method: input.method,
+                  }),
+            remove: (id, item) => draft.method.remove(Integration.ID.make(id), internalMethod(item)),
+          },
+        }),
+      ),
+  }
+}
+
+function method(value: Integration.Method) {
+  if (value.type === "env") return { type: value.type, names: [...value.names] }
+  if (value.type === "key") return { type: value.type, label: value.label }
+  return {
+    type: value.type,
+    id: value.id,
+    label: value.label,
+    prompts: value.prompts?.map((prompt) => {
+      if (prompt.type === "text") return { ...prompt }
+      return { ...prompt, options: prompt.options.map((option) => ({ ...option })) }
+    }),
+  }
+}
+
+function internalMethod(
+  value: IntegrationOAuthMethod | IntegrationKeyMethod | IntegrationEnvMethod,
+): Integration.Method {
+  if (value.type === "env") return value
+  if (value.type === "key") return value
+  return {
+    ...value,
+    id: Integration.MethodID.make(value.id),
+  }
+}
+
+function agentInfo(value: AgentV2.Info) {
+  return {
+    ...value,
+    model: value.model && { ...value.model },
+    request: { headers: { ...value.request.headers }, body: { ...value.request.body } },
+    permissions: value.permissions.map((permission) => ({ ...permission })),
+  }
+}
+
+function providerInfo(value: ProviderV2.MutableInfo) {
+  return {
+    ...value,
+    api: { ...value.api, settings: value.api.settings && { ...value.api.settings } },
+    request: { headers: { ...value.request.headers }, body: { ...value.request.body } },
+  }
+}
+
+function modelInfo(value: ModelV2.Info | ModelV2.MutableInfo) {
+  return {
+    ...value,
+    api: { ...value.api, settings: value.api.settings && { ...value.api.settings } },
+    capabilities: {
+      ...value.capabilities,
+      input: [...value.capabilities.input],
+      output: [...value.capabilities.output],
+    },
+    request: {
+      ...value.request,
+      headers: { ...value.request.headers },
+      body: { ...value.request.body },
+      generation: value.request.generation && {
+        ...value.request.generation,
+        stop: value.request.generation.stop && [...value.request.generation.stop],
+      },
+      options: value.request.options && { ...value.request.options },
+    },
+    variants: value.variants.map((variant) => ({
+      ...variant,
+      headers: { ...variant.headers },
+      body: { ...variant.body },
+      generation: variant.generation && {
+        ...variant.generation,
+        stop: variant.generation.stop && [...variant.generation.stop],
+      },
+      options: variant.options && { ...variant.options },
+    })),
+    time: { ...value.time },
+    cost: value.cost.map((cost) => ({ ...cost, tier: cost.tier && { ...cost.tier }, cache: { ...cost.cache } })),
+    limit: { ...value.limit },
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/models-dev.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/models-dev.test.ts
index 236985dac1c..4c3071c7748 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/models-dev.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/models-dev.test.ts
@@ -4,42 +4,29 @@ import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
 import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
-import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
 import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { Flag } from "@opencode-ai/core/flag/flag"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { ModelsDev } from "@opencode-ai/core/models-dev"
-import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
 import { ModelsDevPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/models-dev"
 import { Policy } from "@opencode-ai/core/policy"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { location } from "../fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { catalogHost, host, integrationHost } from "./host"
 
 const events = EventV2.defaultLayer
 const locationLayer = Layer.succeed(
   Location.Service,
   Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(import.meta.dir) })),
 )
-const plugins = PluginV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events))
 const policy = Policy.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(locationLayer))
-const connections = Credential.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.fresh,
-  Layer.provide(Database.layerFromPath(":memory:").pipe(Layer.fresh)),
-  Layer.provide(events),
-)
+const connections = Credential.defaultLayer.pipe(Layer.fresh)
 const integrations = Integration.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(connections))
 const catalog = Catalog.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(Layer.mergeAll(events, locationLayer, plugins, policy, connections, integrations)),
-)
-const layer = Layer.mergeAll(
-  catalog.pipe(Layer.provide(connections)),
-  integrations,
-  connections,
-  events,
-  locationLayer,
-  plugins,
+  Layer.provide(Layer.mergeAll(events, locationLayer, policy, connections, integrations)),
 )
+const layer = Layer.mergeAll(catalog.pipe(Layer.provide(connections)), integrations, connections, events, locationLayer)
 const it = testEffect(layer)
 
 describe("ModelsDevPlugin", () => {
@@ -56,8 +43,14 @@ describe("ModelsDevPlugin", () => {
       }),
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* ModelsDevPlugin.effect
           const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+          const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
+          yield* ModelsDevPlugin.effect(
+            host({
+              catalog: catalogHost(catalog),
+              integration: integrationHost(integrations),
+            }),
+          )
           expect(yield* integrations.list()).toEqual([
             new Integration.Info({
               id: Integration.ID.make("acme"),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/promise.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/promise.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..41a66419464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/promise.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { AgentV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
+import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
+import { PluginPromise } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/promise"
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/promise"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+describe("fromPromise", () => {
+  it.effect("loads a promise plugin and registers a transform hook", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+
+      const promisePlugin = define({
+        id: "promise-example",
+        setup: async (ctx) => {
+          expect(ctx.options.mode).toBe("strict")
+          await ctx.agent.transform((draft) => {
+            draft.update("reviewer", (item) => {
+              item.description = "Reviews code"
+              item.mode = "subagent"
+            })
+          })
+        },
+      })
+
+      const adapted = PluginPromise.fromPromise(promisePlugin)
+      yield* adapted.effect({ ...host, options: { mode: "strict" } })
+
+      expect(yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"))).toMatchObject({
+        description: "Reviews code",
+        mode: "subagent",
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("disposes a hook registration on request", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+
+      const promisePlugin = define({
+        id: "promise-dispose",
+        setup: async (ctx) => {
+          const registration = await ctx.agent.transform((draft) => {
+            draft.update("temp", (item) => {
+              item.description = "temporary"
+            })
+          })
+          await registration.dispose()
+        },
+      })
+
+      const adapted = PluginPromise.fromPromise(promisePlugin)
+      yield* adapted.effect(host)
+
+      expect(yield* agents.get(AgentV2.ID.make("temp"))).toBeUndefined()
+    }),
+  )
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-alibaba.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-alibaba.test.ts
index e2fbb8061a3..cda7b23e2d9 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-alibaba.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-alibaba.test.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,38 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { createAlibaba } from "@ai-sdk/alibaba"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { AlibabaPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/alibaba"
-import { it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* AlibabaPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("AlibabaPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates an Alibaba SDK for @ai-sdk/alibaba", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AlibabaPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("alibaba", "qwen"), package: "@ai-sdk/alibaba", options: { name: "alibaba" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("alibaba"), ModelV2.ID.make("qwen")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("qwen"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/alibaba",
+        options: { name: "alibaba" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -23,12 +40,16 @@ describe("AlibabaPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-Alibaba SDK packages", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AlibabaPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("alibaba", "qwen"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", options: { name: "alibaba" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("alibaba"), ModelV2.ID.make("qwen")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("qwen"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "alibaba" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -36,16 +57,16 @@ describe("AlibabaPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("matches the old bundled Alibaba SDK provider naming", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AlibabaPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-alibaba", "qwen"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/alibaba",
-          options: { name: "custom-alibaba", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-alibaba"), ModelV2.ID.make("qwen")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("qwen"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/alibaba",
+        options: { name: "custom-alibaba", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       const expected = createAlibaba({ apiKey: "test", ...{ name: "custom-alibaba" } }).languageModel("qwen")
       const actual = result.sdk?.languageModel("qwen")
       expect(actual?.provider).toBe(expected.provider)
@@ -56,9 +77,13 @@ describe("AlibabaPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the old default languageModel(api.id) behavior", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AlibabaPlugin)
-      const item = model("alibaba", "alias", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("qwen-plus") } })
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger("aisdk.sdk", { model: item, package: "@ai-sdk/alibaba", options: {} }, {})
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const item = new ModelV2.Info({
+        ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("alibaba"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+        api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("qwen-plus"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+      })
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({ model: item, package: "@ai-sdk/alibaba", options: {} })
       const language = result.sdk?.languageModel(item.api.id)
       expect(language?.modelId).toBe("qwen-plus")
       expect(language?.provider).toBe("alibaba.chat")
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-amazon-bedrock.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-amazon-bedrock.test.ts
index e1ae5bd6793..b6ef65f1aef 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-amazon-bedrock.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-amazon-bedrock.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,63 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { AmazonBedrockPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/amazon-bedrock"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model, provider, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* AmazonBedrockPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, fx: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    fx,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        })
+      }),
+  )
+}
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 function bedrockBaseURL(sdk: unknown, modelID = "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5") {
   const language = (sdk as { languageModel: (id: string) => unknown }).languageModel(modelID)
@@ -28,12 +81,10 @@ function openAIUrl(language: unknown, path: string, modelId: string) {
 describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("moves endpoint option to api URL", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const bedrock = provider("amazon-bedrock", {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        const bedrock = new ProviderV2.Info({
+          ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock),
           api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock" },
           request: {
             headers: {},
@@ -45,7 +96,8 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
           item.request = bedrock.request
         })
       })
-      const result = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock)
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock))
       expect(result.api).toEqual({
         type: "aisdk",
         package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
@@ -59,22 +111,22 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: undefined, AWS_PROFILE: undefined, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-            options: {
-              name: "amazon-bedrock",
-              bearerToken: "token",
-              baseURL: "https://base.example",
-              endpoint: "https://endpoint.example",
-              region: "us-east-1",
-            },
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+          options: {
+            name: "amazon-bedrock",
+            bearerToken: "token",
+            baseURL: "https://base.example",
+            endpoint: "https://endpoint.example",
+            region: "us-east-1",
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         expect(bedrockBaseURL(result.sdk)).toBe("https://endpoint.example")
       }),
     ),
@@ -84,21 +136,21 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: undefined, AWS_PROFILE: undefined, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-            options: {
-              name: "amazon-bedrock",
-              bearerToken: "token",
-              baseURL: "https://base.example",
-              region: "us-east-1",
-            },
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+          options: {
+            name: "amazon-bedrock",
+            bearerToken: "token",
+            baseURL: "https://base.example",
+            region: "us-east-1",
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         expect(bedrockBaseURL(result.sdk)).toBe("https://base.example")
       }),
     ),
@@ -118,16 +170,20 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-          const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-              package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-              options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+              api: {
+                id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+                type: "aisdk",
+                package: "test-provider",
+              },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+            options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
+          })
           expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
           expect(bedrockBaseURL(result.sdk)).toBe("https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com")
         }),
@@ -138,16 +194,16 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: "token", AWS_REGION: "us-east-1" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-            options: { name: "amazon-bedrock", region: "eu-west-1" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+          options: { name: "amazon-bedrock", region: "eu-west-1" },
+        })
         expect(bedrockBaseURL(result.sdk)).toBe("https://bedrock-runtime.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com")
       }),
     ),
@@ -157,16 +213,16 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: "token", AWS_REGION: "eu-west-1" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-            options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+          options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
+        })
         expect(bedrockBaseURL(result.sdk)).toBe("https://bedrock-runtime.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com")
       }),
     ),
@@ -176,16 +232,16 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: "token", AWS_REGION: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-            options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+          options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
+        })
         expect(bedrockBaseURL(result.sdk)).toBe("https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com")
       }),
     ),
@@ -195,24 +251,24 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: undefined, AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: undefined, AWS_PROFILE: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
         const headers: Array<string | null> = []
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-            options: {
-              name: "amazon-bedrock",
-              bearerToken: "option-token",
-              fetch: async (_input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0], init?: RequestInit) => {
-                headers.push(new Headers(init?.headers).get("Authorization"))
-                return new Response("{}")
-              },
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+          options: {
+            name: "amazon-bedrock",
+            bearerToken: "option-token",
+            fetch: async (_input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0], init?: RequestInit) => {
+              headers.push(new Headers(init?.headers).get("Authorization"))
+              return new Response("{}")
             },
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         yield* Effect.promise(() => bedrockFetch(result.sdk)("https://bedrock.example", { method: "POST" }))
         expect(process.env.AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK).toBe("option-token")
         expect(headers).toEqual(["Bearer option-token"])
@@ -224,24 +280,24 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: "env-token" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
         const headers: Array<string | null> = []
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-            options: {
-              name: "amazon-bedrock",
-              bearerToken: "option-token",
-              fetch: async (_input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0], init?: RequestInit) => {
-                headers.push(new Headers(init?.headers).get("Authorization"))
-                return new Response("{}")
-              },
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+          options: {
+            name: "amazon-bedrock",
+            bearerToken: "option-token",
+            fetch: async (_input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0], init?: RequestInit) => {
+              headers.push(new Headers(init?.headers).get("Authorization"))
+              return new Response("{}")
             },
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         yield* Effect.promise(() => bedrockFetch(result.sdk)("https://bedrock.example", { method: "POST" }))
         expect(process.env.AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK).toBe("env-token")
         expect(headers).toEqual(["Bearer env-token"])
@@ -253,23 +309,25 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_BEARER_TOKEN_BEDROCK: undefined, AWS_PROFILE: undefined, AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "openai.gpt-5.5", {
-              api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle" },
-            }),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle",
-            options: {
-              name: "amazon-bedrock",
-              bearerToken: "token",
-              baseURL: "https://bedrock-mantle.us-east-2.api.aws/openai/v1",
-              region: "us-east-2",
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5")),
+            api: {
+              id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5"),
+              type: "aisdk",
+              package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle",
             },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle",
+          options: {
+            name: "amazon-bedrock",
+            bearerToken: "token",
+            baseURL: "https://bedrock-mantle.us-east-2.api.aws/openai/v1",
+            region: "us-east-2",
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         const language = result.sdk.responses("openai.gpt-5.5")
         expect(openAIUrl(language, "/responses", "openai.gpt-5.5")).toBe(
           "https://bedrock-mantle.us-east-2.api.aws/openai/v1/responses",
@@ -281,30 +339,33 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects Mantle APIs without Bedrock cross-region prefixes", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "openai.gpt-5.5", {
-            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle" },
-          }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: { baseURL: "https://bedrock-mantle.us-east-2.api.aws/openai/v1", region: "us-east-2" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "openai.gpt-oss-safeguard-120b", {
-            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle" },
-          }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: { region: "us-east-1" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5")),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-5.5"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle",
+          },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: { baseURL: "https://bedrock-mantle.us-east-2.api.aws/openai/v1", region: "us-east-2" },
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-oss-safeguard-120b")),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai.gpt-oss-safeguard-120b"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/mantle",
+          },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: { region: "us-east-1" },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["responses:openai.gpt-5.5", "chat:openai.gpt-oss-safeguard-120b"])
     }),
   )
@@ -312,18 +373,20 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores other Bedrock provider subpaths", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5", {
-            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/anthropic" },
-          }),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/anthropic",
-          options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/anthropic",
+          },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock/anthropic",
+        options: { name: "amazon-bedrock" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -340,23 +403,27 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
           const headers: Array<string | null> = []
-          yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-          const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-              package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
-              options: {
-                name: "amazon-bedrock",
-                fetch: async (_input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0], init?: RequestInit) => {
-                  headers.push(new Headers(init?.headers).get("Authorization"))
-                  return new Response("{}")
-                },
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+              api: {
+                id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+                type: "aisdk",
+                package: "test-provider",
+              },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+            options: {
+              name: "amazon-bedrock",
+              fetch: async (_input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0], init?: RequestInit) => {
+                headers.push(new Headers(init?.headers).get("Authorization"))
+                return new Response("{}")
               },
             },
-            {},
-          )
+          })
           yield* Effect.promise(() =>
             bedrockFetch(result.sdk)("https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/model/test/invoke", {
               body: "{}",
@@ -371,53 +438,53 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("applies legacy cross-region inference prefixes", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: { region: "eu-west-1" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: { region: "eu-west-1" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: { region: "ap-northeast-1" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: { region: "ap-southeast-2" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: { region: "eu-west-1" },
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("global.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "test-provider",
+          },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: { region: "eu-west-1" },
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: { region: "ap-northeast-1" },
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: { region: "ap-southeast-2" },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([
         "languageModel:us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
         "languageModel:eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
@@ -432,17 +499,17 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AWS_REGION: "eu-west-1" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
         const calls: string[] = []
-        yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-        yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.language",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-            options: {},
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+          options: {},
+        })
         expect(calls).toEqual(["languageModel:eu.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"])
       }),
     ),
@@ -451,6 +518,7 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("applies the full legacy cross-region prefix matrix", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
       const cases = [
         { region: "us-east-1", modelID: "amazon.nova-micro-v1:0", expected: "us.amazon.nova-micro-v1:0" },
@@ -518,17 +586,16 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
           expected: "au.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5",
         },
       ]
-      yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
+      yield* addPlugin()
       for (const item of cases) {
-        yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.language",
-          {
-            model: model("amazon-bedrock", item.modelID),
-            sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-            options: { region: item.region },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.amazonBedrock, ModelV2.ID.make(item.modelID)),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(item.modelID), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+          options: { region: item.region },
+        })
       }
       expect(calls).toEqual(cases.map((item) => `languageModel:${item.expected}`))
     }),
@@ -537,17 +604,17 @@ describe("AmazonBedrockPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-Bedrock providers for language selection", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AmazonBedrockPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("openai", "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: { region: "eu-west-1" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: { region: "eu-west-1" },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-anthropic.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-anthropic.test.ts
index 85881c3e844..8cf8d155557 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-anthropic.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-anthropic.test.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,36 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { AnthropicPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/anthropic"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { it, model, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* AnthropicPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
 
 describe("AnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("applies legacy beta headers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AnthropicPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("anthropic", {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        const item = new ProviderV2.Info({
+          ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic),
           api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic" },
           request: { headers: { Existing: "1" }, body: {} },
         })
@@ -23,75 +39,56 @@ describe("AnthropicPlugin", () => {
           draft.request = item.request
         })
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic)).request.headers["anthropic-beta"]).toBe(
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic)).request.headers["anthropic-beta"]).toBe(
         "interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14,fine-grained-tool-streaming-2025-05-14",
       )
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic)).request.headers.Existing).toBe("1")
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic)).request.headers.Existing).toBe("1")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("ignores non-Anthropic providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(AnthropicPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(provider("openai").id, () => {}))
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai)).request.headers["anthropic-beta"]).toBeUndefined()
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openai, () => {}))
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect(
+        required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai)).request.headers["anthropic-beta"],
+      ).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("creates Anthropic SDKs with the model provider ID as the SDK name", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const providers: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AnthropicPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("anthropic-sdk-inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              providers.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").provider)
-            }),
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-anthropic"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic" },
         }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+        options: { name: "custom-anthropic", apiKey: "test" },
       })
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-anthropic", "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
-          options: { name: "custom-anthropic", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      expect(providers).toEqual(["custom-anthropic"])
+      expect(result.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").provider).toBe("custom-anthropic")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("uses the Anthropic provider ID as the SDK name for the bundled Anthropic provider", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const providers: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AnthropicPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("anthropic-sdk-inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              providers.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").provider)
-            }),
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic, ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic" },
         }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+        options: { name: "anthropic", apiKey: "test" },
       })
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("anthropic", "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
-          options: { name: "anthropic", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      expect(providers).toEqual(["anthropic"])
+      expect(result.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").provider).toBe("anthropic")
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure-cognitive-services.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure-cognitive-services.test.ts
index 3101052cf9a..08e878801a7 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure-cognitive-services.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure-cognitive-services.test.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,76 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/azure"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model, provider, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, fx: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    fx,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        })
+      }),
+  )
+}
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("maps the resource env var to the Azure SDK baseURL", () =>
     withEnv({ AZURE_COGNITIVE_SERVICES_RESOURCE_NAME: "cognitive" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
           catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), (item) => {
             item.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" }
           })
         })
-        const result = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"))
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services")))
         expect(result.api).toEqual({
           type: "aisdk",
           package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
@@ -34,15 +85,16 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("leaves baseURL unset without resource env and ignores other providers", () =>
     withEnv({ AZURE_COGNITIVE_SERVICES_RESOURCE_NAME: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const azure = provider("azure-cognitive-services", {
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const azure = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services")),
             api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" },
           })
-          const openai = provider("openai")
+          const openai = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          })
           catalog.provider.update(azure.id, (item) => {
             item.api = azure.api
           })
@@ -50,8 +102,9 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
             item.api = openai.api
           })
         })
-        const azure = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"))
-        const openai = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const azure = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services")))
+        const openai = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai))
         expect(azure.request.body.baseURL).toBeUndefined()
         expect(azure.api).toEqual({ type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" })
         expect(openai.request.body.baseURL).toBeUndefined()
@@ -63,17 +116,17 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects chat only for completion URLs", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("azure-cognitive-services", "deployment"),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: { useCompletionUrls: true },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: { useCompletionUrls: true },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["chat:deployment"])
     }),
   )
@@ -81,18 +134,25 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the legacy Azure selector order and provider guard", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("azure-cognitive-services", "deployment"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
-      const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("openai", "deployment"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      const ignored = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["responses:deployment"])
       expect(ignored.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
@@ -101,36 +161,34 @@ describe("AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("falls back from responses to messages, chat, then languageModel", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
       const sdk = fakeSelectorSdk(calls)
-      yield* plugin.add(AzureCognitiveServicesPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("azure-cognitive-services", "messages-deployment"),
-          sdk: { messages: sdk.messages, chat: sdk.chat, languageModel: sdk.languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("azure-cognitive-services", "chat-deployment"),
-          sdk: { chat: sdk.chat, languageModel: sdk.languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("azure-cognitive-services", "language-deployment"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: sdk.languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { messages: sdk.messages, chat: sdk.chat, languageModel: sdk.languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("chat-deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("chat-deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { chat: sdk.chat, languageModel: sdk.languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("azure-cognitive-services"), ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: sdk.languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([
         "messages:messages-deployment",
         "chat:chat-deployment",
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure.test.ts
index c4bdd806c9d..b479435e5e7 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-azure.test.ts
@@ -1,50 +1,76 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
-import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
-import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
-import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { AzurePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/azure"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { location } from "../fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model, npmLayer, provider, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:").pipe(Layer.fresh)
-const preferences = Credential.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const accounts = Layer.merge(
-  Credential.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(preferences), Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer)),
-  preferences,
-)
-const itWithAccount = testEffect(
-  Catalog.locationLayer.pipe(
-    Layer.provideMerge(accounts),
-    Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.provideMerge(
-      Layer.succeed(Location.Service, Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("test") }))),
-    ),
-    Layer.provideMerge(npmLayer),
-  ),
-)
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* AzurePlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, fx: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    fx,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        })
+      }),
+  )
+}
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("resolves resourceName from env", () =>
     withEnv({ AZURE_RESOURCE_NAME: "from-env" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
           catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.azure, (item) => {
             item.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/azure" }
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-env")
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-env")
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -52,12 +78,10 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("keeps explicit resourceName over env and ignores other providers", () =>
     withEnv({ AZURE_RESOURCE_NAME: "from-env" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const azure = provider("azure", {
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const azure = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure),
             api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/azure" },
             request: { headers: {}, body: { resourceName: "from-config" } },
           })
@@ -67,51 +91,20 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
           })
           catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openai, () => {})
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-config")
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai)).request.body.resourceName).toBeUndefined()
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-config")
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai)).request.body.resourceName).toBeUndefined()
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  itWithAccount.effect("prefers account resourceName over env", () =>
-    withEnv(
-      {
-        AZURE_RESOURCE_NAME: "from-env",
-      },
-      () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
-          const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* credentials.create({
-            integrationID: Integration.ID.make("azure"),
-            value: new Credential.Key({
-              type: "key",
-              key: "key",
-              metadata: { resourceName: "from-account" },
-            }),
-          })
-          yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) => {
-            catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.azure, (item) => {
-              item.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/azure" }
-            })
-          })
-          expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-account")
-        }),
-    ),
-  )
-
   it.effect("falls back to env when configured resourceName is blank", () =>
     withEnv({ AZURE_RESOURCE_NAME: "from-env" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const azure = provider("azure", {
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const azure = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure),
             api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/azure" },
             request: { headers: {}, body: { resourceName: "" } },
           })
@@ -120,7 +113,8 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
             item.request = azure.request
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-env")
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-env")
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -128,12 +122,10 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("falls back to env when configured resourceName is whitespace", () =>
     withEnv({ AZURE_RESOURCE_NAME: "from-env" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const azure = provider("azure", {
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const azure = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure),
             api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/azure" },
             request: { headers: {}, body: { resourceName: "   " } },
           })
@@ -142,7 +134,8 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
             item.request = azure.request
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-env")
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.azure)).request.body.resourceName).toBe("from-env")
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -151,16 +144,16 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ AZURE_RESOURCE_NAME: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("azure", "deployment"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/azure",
-            options: { name: "azure", baseURL: "https://proxy.example.com/openai" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/azure",
+          options: { name: "azure", baseURL: "https://proxy.example.com/openai" },
+        })
         expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       }),
     ),
@@ -169,14 +162,17 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("rejects missing resourceName when baseURL is not configured", () =>
     withEnv({ AZURE_RESOURCE_NAME: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-        const exit = yield* plugin
-          .trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            { model: model("azure", "deployment"), package: "@ai-sdk/azure", options: { name: "azure" } },
-            {},
-          )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const exit = yield* aisdk
+          .runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/azure",
+            options: { name: "azure" },
+          })
           .pipe(Effect.exit)
         expect(exit._tag).toBe("Failure")
       }),
@@ -186,13 +182,17 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects chat only for completion URLs", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("azure", "deployment"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: { useCompletionUrls: true } },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: { useCompletionUrls: true },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["chat:deployment"])
     }),
   )
@@ -200,13 +200,17 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects chat from per-call useCompletionUrls", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("azure", "deployment"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: { useCompletionUrls: true } },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: { useCompletionUrls: true },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["chat:deployment"])
     }),
   )
@@ -214,19 +218,18 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores model useCompletionUrls when per-call option is unset", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("azure", "deployment", {
-            request: { headers: {}, body: { useCompletionUrls: true } },
-          }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          request: { headers: {}, body: { useCompletionUrls: true } },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["responses:deployment"])
     }),
   )
@@ -234,18 +237,25 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the legacy Azure selector order and provider guard", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("azure", "deployment"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
-      const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("openai", "deployment"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      const ignored = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["responses:deployment"])
       expect(ignored.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
@@ -254,26 +264,29 @@ describe("AzurePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("falls back through the legacy Azure selector order", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
       const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
         calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
         return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" }
       }
-      yield* plugin.add(AzurePlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("azure", "messages-deployment"),
-          sdk: { messages: make("messages"), chat: make("chat"), languageModel: make("languageModel") },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("azure", "language-deployment"), sdk: { languageModel: make("languageModel") }, options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("messages-deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { messages: make("messages"), chat: make("chat"), languageModel: make("languageModel") },
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.azure, ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("language-deployment"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: make("languageModel") },
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["messages:messages-deployment", "languageModel:language-deployment"])
     }),
   )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cerebras.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cerebras.test.ts
index aa192274d61..f741041e545 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cerebras.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cerebras.test.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { CerebrasPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/cerebras"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
 const cerebrasOptions: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* CerebrasPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 void mock.module("@ai-sdk/cerebras", () => ({
   createCerebras: (options: Record<string, unknown>) => {
@@ -21,17 +33,15 @@ void mock.module("@ai-sdk/cerebras", () => ({
 describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("applies the legacy integration header", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(CerebrasPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("cerebras"), (item) => {
           item.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/cerebras" }
           item.request.headers.Existing = "1"
         })
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cerebras"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cerebras")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         Existing: "1",
         "X-Cerebras-3rd-Party-Integration": "opencode",
       })
@@ -40,12 +50,10 @@ describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("ignores non-Cerebras providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(CerebrasPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq"), () => {}))
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq"))).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq"), () => {}))
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq")))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 
@@ -53,16 +61,23 @@ describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       cerebrasOptions.length = 0
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(CerebrasPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-cerebras", "llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/cerebras",
-          options: { name: "custom-cerebras", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+            ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-cerebras"),
+            ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
+          ),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "test-provider",
+          },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/cerebras",
+        options: { name: "custom-cerebras", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       expect(cerebrasOptions).toEqual([{ name: "custom-cerebras", apiKey: "test" }])
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct").provider).toBe("custom-cerebras")
     }),
@@ -72,16 +87,23 @@ describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       cerebrasOptions.length = 0
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(CerebrasPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-cerebras", "llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/cerebras",
-          options: { name: "configured-cerebras", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+            ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-cerebras"),
+            ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
+          ),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "test-provider",
+          },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/cerebras",
+        options: { name: "configured-cerebras", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       expect(cerebrasOptions).toEqual([{ name: "configured-cerebras", apiKey: "test" }])
     }),
   )
@@ -90,16 +112,23 @@ describe("CerebrasPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       cerebrasOptions.length = 0
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(CerebrasPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-cerebras", "llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/groq",
-          options: { name: "custom-cerebras", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+            ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-cerebras"),
+            ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
+          ),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama-4-scout-17b-16e-instruct"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "test-provider",
+          },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/groq",
+        options: { name: "custom-cerebras", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       expect(cerebrasOptions).toEqual([])
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-ai-gateway.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-ai-gateway.test.ts
index 72ad5da33f1..5bc8a3d5ff1 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-ai-gateway.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-ai-gateway.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,43 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/cloudflare-ai-gateway"
-import { it, model, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, fx: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    fx,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        })
+      }),
+  )
+}
 
 const aiGatewayCalls: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
 const unifiedCalls: string[] = []
@@ -78,16 +113,16 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
-          const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-              package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-              options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+            options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
+          })
           expect(result.sdk.languageModel("openai/gpt-5")).toBeDefined()
         }),
     ),
@@ -98,24 +133,24 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-            options: {
-              name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
-              metadata: { invoked_by: "test", project: "opencode" },
-              cacheTtl: 300,
-              cacheKey: "cache-key",
-              skipCache: true,
-              collectLog: false,
-            },
+        yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+          options: {
+            name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
+            metadata: { invoked_by: "test", project: "opencode" },
+            cacheTtl: 300,
+            cacheKey: "cache-key",
+            skipCache: true,
+            collectLog: false,
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
 
         expect(aiGatewayCalls).toHaveLength(1)
         expect(aiGatewayCalls[0]).toEqual({
@@ -142,22 +177,22 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-            options: {
-              name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
-              headers: {
-                "cf-aig-metadata": JSON.stringify({ invoked_by: "header", project: "opencode" }),
-              },
+        yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+          options: {
+            name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
+            headers: {
+              "cf-aig-metadata": JSON.stringify({ invoked_by: "header", project: "opencode" }),
             },
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
 
         expect(aiGatewayCalls[0]?.options).toMatchObject({
           metadata: { invoked_by: "header", project: "opencode" },
@@ -171,22 +206,22 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-            options: {
-              name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
-              accountId: "auth-account",
-              gateway: "auth-gateway",
-              apiKey: "auth-token",
-            },
+        yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+          options: {
+            name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
+            accountId: "auth-account",
+            gateway: "auth-gateway",
+            apiKey: "auth-token",
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
 
         expect(aiGatewayCalls[0]).toMatchObject({
           accountId: "env-account",
@@ -208,22 +243,22 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           resetCalls()
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
 
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-              package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-              options: {
-                name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
-                accountId: "auth-account",
-                gatewayId: "auth-gateway",
-                apiKey: "auth-token",
-              },
+          yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+            options: {
+              name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway",
+              accountId: "auth-account",
+              gatewayId: "auth-gateway",
+              apiKey: "auth-token",
             },
-            {},
-          )
+          })
 
           expect(aiGatewayCalls[0]).toMatchObject({
             accountId: "auth-account",
@@ -239,17 +274,17 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
+        })
 
         expect(aiGatewayCalls[0]).toMatchObject({ apiKey: "cf-aig-token" })
       }),
@@ -261,17 +296,17 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
+        })
 
         expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
         expect(aiGatewayCalls).toHaveLength(0)
@@ -284,17 +319,17 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
+        })
 
         expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
         expect(aiGatewayCalls).toHaveLength(0)
@@ -313,17 +348,17 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           resetCalls()
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
 
-          const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-              package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-              options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway", baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+            options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway", baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
+          })
 
           expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
           expect(aiGatewayCalls).toHaveLength(0)
@@ -336,17 +371,24 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-            package: "ai-gateway-provider",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+              ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"),
+              ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+            ),
+            api: {
+              id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+              type: "aisdk",
+              package: "test-provider",
+            },
+          }),
+          package: "ai-gateway-provider",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
+        })
 
         expect(result.sdk.languageModel("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-5")).toEqual({
           modelId: { unifiedModelID: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-5" },
@@ -364,17 +406,17 @@ describe("CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         resetCalls()
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareAIGatewayPlugin)
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
 
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-ai-gateway", "openai/gpt-5"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-ai-gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-ai-gateway" },
+        })
 
         expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
         expect(aiGatewayCalls).toHaveLength(0)
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-workers-ai.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-workers-ai.test.ts
index 208ab8710d3..c911f740f5e 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-workers-ai.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cloudflare-workers-ai.test.ts
@@ -1,36 +1,63 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
-import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
-import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
-import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/cloudflare-workers-ai"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { location } from "../fixture/location"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model, npmLayer, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:").pipe(Layer.fresh)
-const preferences = Credential.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const accounts = Layer.merge(
-  Credential.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(preferences), Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer)),
-  preferences,
-)
-const itWithAccount = testEffect(
-  Catalog.locationLayer.pipe(
-    Layer.provideMerge(accounts),
-    Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.provideMerge(
-      Layer.succeed(Location.Service, Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("test") }))),
-    ),
-    Layer.provideMerge(npmLayer),
-  ),
-)
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() =>
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        }),
+      ),
+  )
+}
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 function cloudflareLanguage(sdk: unknown, modelID = "@cf/model") {
   return (sdk as { languageModel: (id: string) => { config: CloudflareConfig; provider: string } }).languageModel(
@@ -56,24 +83,23 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: "acct", CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY: "key" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) =>
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
           catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), (provider) => {
             provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" }
           }),
         )
-        const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"))
-        const sdk = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-workers-ai", "@cf/model", { api: provider.api }),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai", headers: { custom: "header" } },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai")))
+        const sdk = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"), ...provider.api },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai", headers: { custom: "header" } },
+        })
         expect(provider.api).toEqual({
           type: "aisdk",
           package: "test-provider",
@@ -87,16 +113,14 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("preserves a configured endpoint URL instead of deriving one from account ID", () =>
     withEnv({ CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: "acct" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) =>
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
           catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), (provider) => {
             provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider", url: "https://proxy.example/v1" }
           }),
         )
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"))).api).toEqual({
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"))).api).toEqual({
           type: "aisdk",
           package: "test-provider",
           url: "https://proxy.example/v1",
@@ -109,73 +133,38 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: undefined, CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY: "key" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-workers-ai", "@cf/model", {
-              api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
-            }),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai", baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            api: {
+              id: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
+              type: "aisdk",
+              package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+              url: "https://proxy.example/v1",
+            },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai", baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
+        })
         expect(cloudflareURL(result.sdk)).toBe("https://proxy.example/v1/chat/completions")
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  itWithAccount.effect("falls back to account metadata when account env is absent", () =>
-    withEnv(
-      {
-        CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: undefined,
-        CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY: undefined,
-      },
-      () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
-          const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* credentials.create({
-            integrationID: Integration.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"),
-            value: new Credential.Key({
-              type: "key",
-              key: "account-key",
-              metadata: { accountId: "account-acct" },
-            }),
-          })
-          yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) =>
-            catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), (provider) => {
-              provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" }
-            }),
-          )
-          expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"))).request.body).toMatchObject(
-            {
-              apiKey: "account-key",
-              accountId: "account-acct",
-            },
-          )
-        }),
-    ),
-  )
-
   it.effect("uses env account ID over configured account ID", () =>
     withEnv({ CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: "env-acct" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) =>
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
           catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), (provider) => {
             provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" }
             provider.request.body.accountId = "configured-acct"
           }),
         )
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"))).api).toEqual({
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"))).api).toEqual({
           type: "aisdk",
           package: "test-provider",
           url: "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/env-acct/ai/v1",
@@ -188,23 +177,26 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: "acct", CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY: "env-key" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-workers-ai", "@cf/model", {
-              api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
-            }),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: {
-              name: "cloudflare-workers-ai",
-              apiKey: "auth-key",
-              baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1",
-              headers: { custom: "header" },
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            api: {
+              id: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
+              type: "aisdk",
+              package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+              url: "https://proxy.example/v1",
             },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: {
+            name: "cloudflare-workers-ai",
+            apiKey: "auth-key",
+            baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1",
+            headers: { custom: "header" },
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         const headers = yield* Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(cloudflareHeaders(result.sdk)))
         expect(headers.authorization).toBe("Bearer env-key")
         expect(headers.custom).toBe("header")
@@ -217,25 +209,24 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: "acct", CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY: "key" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-workers-ai", "@cf/model", {
-              api: {
-                type: "aisdk",
-                package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-                url: "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID}/ai/v1",
-              },
-            }),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: {
-              name: "cloudflare-workers-ai",
-              baseURL: "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID}/ai/v1",
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            api: {
+              id: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
+              type: "aisdk",
+              package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+              url: "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID}/ai/v1",
             },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: {
+            name: "cloudflare-workers-ai",
+            baseURL: "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/${CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID}/ai/v1",
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         expect(cloudflareURL(result.sdk)).toBe(
           "https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/acct/ai/v1/chat/completions",
         )
@@ -246,17 +237,17 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects languageModel with the API model ID", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("cloudflare-workers-ai", "alias", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/api-model") } }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/api-model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(result.language).toBeDefined()
       expect(calls).toEqual(["languageModel:@cf/api-model"])
     }),
@@ -266,18 +257,21 @@ describe("CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ CLOUDFLARE_ACCOUNT_ID: "acct", CLOUDFLARE_API_KEY: "key" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(CloudflareWorkersAIPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("cloudflare-workers-ai", "@cf/model", {
-              api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic", url: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
-            }),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
-            options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model")),
+            api: {
+              id: ModelV2.ID.make("@cf/model"),
+              type: "aisdk",
+              package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+              url: "https://proxy.example/v1",
+            },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+          options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai" },
+        })
         expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
       }),
     ),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cohere.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cohere.test.ts
index a646c3eb6ce..0ee465d6f95 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cohere.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-cohere.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,37 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { CoherePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/cohere"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
 const cohereOptions: Record<string, any>[] = []
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* CoherePlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 void mock.module("@ai-sdk/cohere", () => ({
   createCohere: (options: Record<string, any>) => {
@@ -24,20 +50,27 @@ describe("CoherePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates a Cohere SDK only for @ai-sdk/cohere", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(CoherePlugin)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("cohere", "command"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", options: { name: "cohere" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cohere"), ModelV2.ID.make("command")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("command"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "cohere" },
+      })
       expect(ignored.sdk).toBeUndefined()
 
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("cohere", "command"), package: "@ai-sdk/cohere", options: { name: "cohere" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cohere"), ModelV2.ID.make("command")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("command"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/cohere",
+        options: { name: "cohere" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -45,16 +78,16 @@ describe("CoherePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the model provider ID as the bundled SDK name", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(CoherePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-cohere", "command-r-plus"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/cohere",
-          options: { name: "custom-cohere", apiKey: "test", baseURL: "https://cohere.example" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-cohere"), ModelV2.ID.make("command-r-plus")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("command-r-plus"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/cohere",
+        options: { name: "custom-cohere", apiKey: "test", baseURL: "https://cohere.example" },
+      })
 
       expect(cohereOptions.at(-1)).toEqual({
         name: "custom-cohere",
@@ -68,14 +101,18 @@ describe("CoherePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("leaves language selection to the default languageModel fallback", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
       const sdk = fakeSelectorSdk(calls)
-      yield* plugin.add(CoherePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("cohere", "alias", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("command-r-plus") } }), sdk, options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cohere"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("command-r-plus"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk,
+        options: {},
+      })
 
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-deepinfra.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-deepinfra.test.ts
index 43db117a908..d428b9b7e08 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-deepinfra.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-deepinfra.test.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,27 @@
-import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
+import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { DeepInfraPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/deepinfra"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-import { it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-const itAISDK = testEffect(
-  Layer.provideMerge(AISDK.layer, PluginV2.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer))),
-)
-const deepinfraOptions: Record<string, any>[] = []
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+const deepinfraOptions: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
 const deepinfraLanguageModels: string[] = []
 
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* DeepInfraPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
 void mock.module("@ai-sdk/deepinfra", () => ({
-  createDeepInfra: (options: Record<string, any>) => {
+  createDeepInfra: (options: Record<string, unknown>) => {
     const captured = { ...options }
     deepinfraOptions.push(captured)
     return {
@@ -36,12 +43,16 @@ describe("DeepInfraPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       resetDeepInfraMock()
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(DeepInfraPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("deepinfra", "model"), package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra", options: { name: "deepinfra" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("deepinfra"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
+        options: { name: "deepinfra" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -50,16 +61,16 @@ describe("DeepInfraPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       resetDeepInfraMock()
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(DeepInfraPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-deepinfra", "model"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
-          options: { name: "custom-deepinfra", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-deepinfra"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
+        options: { name: "custom-deepinfra", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("model").provider).toBe("custom-deepinfra.chat")
       expect(deepinfraOptions).toEqual([{ name: "custom-deepinfra", apiKey: "test" }])
     }),
@@ -69,16 +80,16 @@ describe("DeepInfraPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       resetDeepInfraMock()
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(DeepInfraPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("deepinfra", "model"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
-          options: { name: "deepinfra", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("deepinfra"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
+        options: { name: "deepinfra", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("model").provider).toBe("deepinfra.chat")
       expect(deepinfraOptions).toEqual([{ name: "deepinfra", apiKey: "test" }])
     }),
@@ -88,7 +99,8 @@ describe("DeepInfraPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       resetDeepInfraMock()
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(DeepInfraPlugin)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
       const packages = [
         "unmatched-package",
         "@ai-sdk/deepinfra-compatible",
@@ -96,35 +108,50 @@ describe("DeepInfraPlugin", () => {
       ]
       yield* Effect.forEach(packages, (item) =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            { model: model("deepinfra", "model"), package: item, options: { name: "deepinfra" } },
-            {},
-          )
+          const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("deepinfra"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra" },
+            }),
+            package: item,
+            options: { name: "deepinfra" },
+          })
           expect(ignored.sdk).toBeUndefined()
         }),
       )
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("deepinfra", "model"), package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra", options: { name: "deepinfra" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("deepinfra"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
+        options: { name: "deepinfra" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       expect(deepinfraOptions).toEqual([{ name: "deepinfra" }])
     }),
   )
 
-  itAISDK.effect("uses the default languageModel selection for DeepInfra models", () =>
+  it.effect("uses the default languageModel selection for DeepInfra models", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       resetDeepInfraMock()
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(DeepInfraPlugin)
-      const language = yield* aisdk.language(
-        model("deepinfra", "meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra" },
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const sdkEvent = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("deepinfra"), ModelV2.ID.make("meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct")),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
+          },
         }),
-      )
+        package: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
+        options: { name: "deepinfra" },
+      })
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({ model: sdkEvent.model, sdk: sdkEvent.sdk, options: sdkEvent.options })
+      const language = result.language ?? result.sdk.languageModel(result.model.api.id)
       expect(language.provider).toBe("deepinfra.chat")
       expect(deepinfraLanguageModels).toEqual(["meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct"])
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-dynamic.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-dynamic.test.ts
index 2b0be314ba9..548b1a92e99 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-dynamic.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-dynamic.test.ts
@@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
 import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/core/npm"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Cause, Effect, Layer, Option } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import os from "os"
 import path from "path"
 import { fileURLToPath } from "url"
 import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { DynamicProviderPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/dynamic"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-import { fixtureProvider, it, model, npmLayer } from "./provider-helper"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
+const fixtureProvider = new URL("./fixtures/provider-factory.ts", import.meta.url).href
 const fixtureProviderPath = fileURLToPath(fixtureProvider)
-const itWithAISDK = testEffect(
-  AISDK.layer.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(PluginV2.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer)))),
-)
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+const itWithAISDK = testEffect(AISDK.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(PluginTestLayer)))
 
-function npmEntrypointLayer(entrypoint: Option.Option<string>) {
-  return Layer.succeed(
-    Npm.Service,
-    Npm.Service.of({
-      add: () => Effect.succeed({ directory: "", entrypoint }),
-      install: () => Effect.void,
-      which: () => Effect.succeed(Option.none<string>()),
-    }),
-  )
+function npmEntrypoint(entrypoint?: string) {
+  return Npm.Service.of({
+    add: () => Effect.succeed({ directory: "", entrypoint }),
+    install: () => Effect.void,
+    which: () => Effect.succeed(undefined),
+  })
 }
 
-function dynamicPlugin(layer = npmLayer) {
-  return { id: DynamicProviderPlugin.id, effect: DynamicProviderPlugin.effect.pipe(Effect.provide(layer)) }
-}
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* (npm?: Npm.Interface) {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* DynamicProviderPlugin.effect(host).pipe(Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm ?? (yield* Npm.Service)))
+})
 
 function tempEntrypoint(source: string) {
   return Effect.acquireRelease(
@@ -48,17 +48,16 @@ function tempEntrypoint(source: string) {
 describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates an SDK from a provider factory export", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin())
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom", "test-model"),
-          package: fixtureProvider,
-          options: { name: "custom", marker: "dynamic" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"), type: "aisdk", package: fixtureProvider },
+        }),
+        package: fixtureProvider,
+        options: { name: "custom", marker: "dynamic" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk.options).toEqual({ marker: "dynamic", name: "custom" })
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("x")).toEqual({ modelID: "x", options: { marker: "dynamic", name: "custom" } })
     }),
@@ -66,63 +65,65 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("does not override an SDK already supplied by an earlier plugin", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const sdk = { marker: "existing" }
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin())
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom", "test-model"),
-          package: fixtureProvider,
-          options: { name: "custom", marker: "dynamic" },
-        },
-        { sdk },
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"), type: "aisdk", package: fixtureProvider },
+        }),
+        package: fixtureProvider,
+        options: { name: "custom", marker: "dynamic" },
+        sdk,
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBe(sdk)
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("injects the provider ID as the SDK factory name", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin())
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-provider", "test-model"),
-          package: fixtureProvider,
-          options: { name: "custom-provider", marker: "dynamic" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"), type: "aisdk", package: fixtureProvider },
+        }),
+        package: fixtureProvider,
+        options: { name: "custom-provider", marker: "dynamic" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk.options).toEqual({ marker: "dynamic", name: "custom-provider" })
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("loads npm packages through their resolved import entrypoint", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin(npmEntrypointLayer(Option.some(fixtureProviderPath))))
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("npm-provider", "test-model"),
-          package: "fixture-provider",
-          options: { name: "npm-provider", marker: "npm" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin(npmEntrypoint(fixtureProviderPath))
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("npm-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("test-model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model"), type: "aisdk", package: "fixture-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "fixture-provider",
+        options: { name: "npm-provider", marker: "npm" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("x")).toEqual({ modelID: "x", options: { marker: "npm", name: "npm-provider" } })
     }),
   )
 
   itWithAISDK.effect("wraps missing npm entrypoint failures as AISDK init errors", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin(npmEntrypointLayer(Option.none<string>())))
+      yield* addPlugin(npmEntrypoint())
       const exit = yield* aisdk
-        .language(model("missing-entrypoint", "alias", { api: { type: "aisdk", package: "fixture-provider" } }))
+        .language(
+          new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("missing-entrypoint"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("alias"), type: "aisdk", package: "fixture-provider" },
+          }),
+        )
         .pipe(Effect.exit)
       expect(exit._tag).toBe("Failure")
       if (exit._tag === "Failure") expect(Cause.prettyErrors(exit.cause).join("\n")).toContain("AISDK.InitError")
@@ -131,12 +132,14 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
 
   itWithAISDK.effect("wraps dynamic import failures as AISDK init errors", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin())
+      yield* addPlugin()
       const exit = yield* aisdk
         .language(
-          model("bad-import", "alias", { api: { type: "aisdk", package: "file:///missing/provider-factory.js" } }),
+          new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("bad-import"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("alias"), type: "aisdk", package: "file:///missing/provider-factory.js" },
+          }),
         )
         .pipe(Effect.exit)
       expect(exit._tag).toBe("Failure")
@@ -149,9 +152,14 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const tmp = yield* tempEntrypoint("export const notAProviderFactory = true\n")
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin(npmEntrypointLayer(Option.some(tmp.entrypoint))))
+      yield* addPlugin(npmEntrypoint(tmp.entrypoint))
       const exit = yield* aisdk
-        .language(model("missing-factory", "alias", { api: { type: "aisdk", package: "fixture-provider" } }))
+        .language(
+          new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("missing-factory"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("alias"), type: "aisdk", package: "fixture-provider" },
+          }),
+        )
         .pipe(Effect.exit)
       expect(exit._tag).toBe("Failure")
       if (exit._tag === "Failure") expect(Cause.prettyErrors(exit.cause).join("\n")).toContain("AISDK.InitError")
@@ -162,9 +170,10 @@ describe("DynamicProviderPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(dynamicPlugin())
+      yield* addPlugin()
       const language = yield* aisdk.language(
-        model("custom", "alias", {
+        new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("test-model-api"), type: "aisdk", package: fixtureProvider },
         }),
       )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gateway.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gateway.test.ts
index 8ee69b7dd49..9179a0b042e 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gateway.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gateway.test.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { GatewayPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/gateway"
-import { it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
 const gatewayCalls: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
 const vercelGatewayModels = ["anthropic/claude-sonnet-4", "openai/gpt-5", "google/gemini-2.5-pro"]
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* GatewayPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 mock.module("@ai-sdk/gateway", () => ({
   createGateway(options: Record<string, unknown>) {
@@ -27,12 +40,16 @@ describe("GatewayPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       gatewayCalls.length = 0
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GatewayPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("gateway", "model"), package: "@ai-sdk/gateway", options: { name: "gateway" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gateway"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        options: { name: "gateway" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       expect(gatewayCalls).toHaveLength(1)
     }),
@@ -42,17 +59,21 @@ describe("GatewayPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       gatewayCalls.length = 0
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GatewayPlugin)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("vercel", "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
-          options: { name: "vercel", apiKey: "test-key" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"), ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4")),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "test-provider",
+          },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        options: { name: "vercel", apiKey: "test-key" },
+      })
 
       expect(gatewayCalls).toEqual([{ name: "vercel", apiKey: "test-key" }])
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4").provider).toBe("vercel")
@@ -63,21 +84,28 @@ describe("GatewayPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       gatewayCalls.length = 0
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GatewayPlugin)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
       for (const modelID of vercelGatewayModels) {
-        const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          { model: model("vercel", modelID), package: "@ai-sdk/vercel", options: { name: "vercel" } },
-          {},
-        )
+        const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(modelID), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/vercel",
+          options: { name: "vercel" },
+        })
         expect(ignored.sdk).toBeUndefined()
 
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          { model: model("vercel", modelID), package: "@ai-sdk/gateway", options: { name: "vercel" } },
-          {},
-        )
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(modelID), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+          options: { name: "vercel" },
+        })
         expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-github-copilot.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-github-copilot.test.ts
index f16b177e698..03d644132d2 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-github-copilot.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-github-copilot.test.ts
@@ -1,35 +1,65 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { GithubCopilotPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/github-copilot"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* GithubCopilotPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates the bundled Copilot SDK for the GitHub Copilot package", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("github-copilot", "gpt-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-          options: { name: "github-copilot" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("github-copilot", "gpt-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
-          options: { name: "github-copilot" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "github-copilot" },
+      })
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        options: { name: "github-copilot" },
+      })
       expect(ignored.sdk).toBeUndefined()
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
@@ -38,17 +68,17 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects languageModel when responses and chat are absent", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("github-copilot", "claude-sonnet-4"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["languageModel:claude-sonnet-4"])
     }),
   )
@@ -56,17 +86,17 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects languageModel with the API model ID when responses and chat are absent", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("github-copilot", "alias", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4") } }),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["languageModel:claude-sonnet-4"])
     }),
   )
@@ -74,33 +104,49 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses responses for gpt-5 models except gpt-5-mini", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("github-copilot", "gpt-5"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("github-copilot", "gpt-5.1-codex"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("github-copilot", "gpt-4o"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("github-copilot", "gpt-5-mini"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("github-copilot", "gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5.1-codex")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5.1-codex"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4o")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4o"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([
         "responses:gpt-5",
         "responses:gpt-5.1-codex",
@@ -114,67 +160,63 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the API model ID when selecting responses or chat", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("github-copilot", "default", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5") } }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("github-copilot", "small", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini") } }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("github-copilot", "sonnet", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4") } }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("default")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("small")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-mini"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("sonnet")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["responses:gpt-5", "chat:gpt-5-mini", "chat:claude-sonnet-4"])
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("disables gpt-5-chat-latest before Copilot language selection", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), () => {})
         catalog.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"), () => {})
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
       expect(
-        (yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"))).enabled,
+        required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("github-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest")))
+          .enabled,
       ).toBe(false)
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("does not disable gpt-5-chat-latest for non-Copilot providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-copilot"), () => {})
         catalog.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"), () => {})
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
       expect(
-        (yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"))).enabled,
+        required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-copilot"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest")))
+          .enabled,
       ).toBe(true)
     }),
   )
@@ -182,13 +224,17 @@ describe("GithubCopilotPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-Copilot providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GithubCopilotPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("openai", "gpt-5"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gitlab.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gitlab.test.ts
index dab52a1f7fa..f7c75a7d1d2 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gitlab.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-gitlab.test.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,45 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
-import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
-import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
-import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { GitLabPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/gitlab"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { location } from "../fixture/location"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-import { it, model, npmLayer, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
 const gitlabSDKOptions: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:").pipe(Layer.fresh)
-const preferences = Credential.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const accounts = Layer.merge(
-  Credential.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(preferences), Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer)),
-  preferences,
-)
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* GitLabPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() =>
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        }),
+      ),
+  )
+}
 
 void mock.module("gitlab-ai-provider", () => ({
   VERSION: "test-version",
@@ -35,17 +54,6 @@ void mock.module("gitlab-ai-provider", () => ({
   isWorkflowModel: (id: string) => id === "duo-workflow" || id === "duo-workflow-exact",
 }))
 
-const itWithAccount = testEffect(
-  Catalog.locationLayer.pipe(
-    Layer.provideMerge(accounts),
-    Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.provideMerge(
-      Layer.succeed(Location.Service, Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/") }))),
-    ),
-    Layer.provideMerge(npmLayer),
-  ),
-)
-
 describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates SDKs with legacy default instance URL, token env, headers, and feature flags", () =>
     withEnv(
@@ -57,12 +65,16 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           gitlabSDKOptions.length = 0
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            { model: model("gitlab", "claude"), package: "gitlab-ai-provider", options: { name: "gitlab" } },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "gitlab-ai-provider",
+            options: { name: "gitlab" },
+          })
           expect(gitlabSDKOptions).toHaveLength(1)
           expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].instanceUrl).toBe("https://gitlab.com")
           expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].apiKey).toBe("env-token")
@@ -90,12 +102,16 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           gitlabSDKOptions.length = 0
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            { model: model("gitlab", "claude"), package: "gitlab-ai-provider", options: { name: "gitlab" } },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "gitlab-ai-provider",
+            options: { name: "gitlab" },
+          })
           expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].instanceUrl).toBe("https://env.gitlab.example")
         }),
     ),
@@ -111,28 +127,28 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           gitlabSDKOptions.length = 0
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("gitlab", "claude"),
-              package: "gitlab-ai-provider",
-              options: {
-                name: "gitlab",
-                instanceUrl: "https://configured.gitlab.example",
-                apiKey: "configured-token",
-                aiGatewayHeaders: {
-                  "anthropic-beta": "configured-beta",
-                  "x-gitlab-test": "1",
-                },
-                featureFlags: {
-                  duo_agent_platform: false,
-                  custom_flag: true,
-                },
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "gitlab-ai-provider",
+            options: {
+              name: "gitlab",
+              instanceUrl: "https://configured.gitlab.example",
+              apiKey: "configured-token",
+              aiGatewayHeaders: {
+                "anthropic-beta": "configured-beta",
+                "x-gitlab-test": "1",
+              },
+              featureFlags: {
+                duo_agent_platform: false,
+                custom_flag: true,
               },
             },
-            {},
-          )
+          })
           expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].instanceUrl).toBe("https://configured.gitlab.example")
           expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].apiKey).toBe("configured-token")
           expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].aiGatewayHeaders).toMatchObject({
@@ -152,114 +168,45 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       gitlabSDKOptions.length = 0
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("gitlab", "claude"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai", options: { name: "gitlab" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        options: { name: "gitlab" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
       expect(gitlabSDKOptions).toHaveLength(0)
     }),
   )
 
-  itWithAccount.effect("uses active account API token over GITLAB_TOKEN", () =>
-    withEnv(
-      {
-        GITLAB_TOKEN: "env-token",
-      },
-      () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          gitlabSDKOptions.length = 0
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
-          const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* credentials.create({
-            integrationID: Integration.ID.make("gitlab"),
-            value: new Credential.Key({ type: "key", key: "account-token" }),
-          })
-          yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), () => {}))
-          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"))
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("gitlab", "claude"),
-              package: "gitlab-ai-provider",
-              options: provider.request.body,
-            },
-            {},
-          )
-          expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].apiKey).toBe("account-token")
-        }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  itWithAccount.effect("uses active account OAuth access token when no API token exists", () =>
-    withEnv(
-      {
-        GITLAB_TOKEN: undefined,
-      },
-      () =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          gitlabSDKOptions.length = 0
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          const credentials = yield* Credential.Service
-          const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* credentials.create({
-            integrationID: Integration.ID.make("gitlab"),
-            value: new Credential.OAuth({
-              type: "oauth",
-              methodID: Integration.MethodID.make("oauth"),
-              refresh: "refresh-token",
-              access: "account-oauth-token",
-              expires: 9999999999999,
-            }),
-          })
-          yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), () => {}))
-          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"))
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("gitlab", "claude"),
-              package: "gitlab-ai-provider",
-              options: provider.request.body,
-            },
-            {},
-          )
-          expect(gitlabSDKOptions[0].apiKey).toBe("account-oauth-token")
-        }),
-    ),
-  )
-
   it.effect("uses workflowChat for duo workflow models and preserves selectedModelRef", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: [string, unknown][] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("gitlab", "duo-workflow-custom", {
-            request: {
-              headers: {},
-              body: { workflowRef: "ref", workflowDefinition: "definition" },
-            },
-          }),
-          sdk: {
-            workflowChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
-              calls.push([id, options])
-              return { id, options }
-            },
-            agenticChat: () => undefined,
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          request: {
+            headers: {},
+            body: { workflowRef: "ref", workflowDefinition: "definition" },
           },
-          options: { featureFlags: { configured: true } },
+        }),
+        sdk: {
+          workflowChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
+            calls.push([id, options])
+            return { id, options }
+          },
+          agenticChat: () => undefined,
         },
-        {},
-      )
+        options: { featureFlags: { configured: true } },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([
         ["duo-workflow", { featureFlags: { configured: true }, workflowDefinition: "definition" }],
       ])
@@ -274,23 +221,23 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses exact static workflow model ids when the provider recognizes them", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: [string, unknown][] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("gitlab", "duo-workflow-exact"),
-          sdk: {
-            workflowChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
-              calls.push([id, options])
-              return { id, options }
-            },
-            agenticChat: () => undefined,
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-exact")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-exact"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: {
+          workflowChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
+            calls.push([id, options])
+            return { id, options }
           },
-          options: { featureFlags: { configured: true } },
+          agenticChat: () => undefined,
         },
-        {},
-      )
+        options: { featureFlags: { configured: true } },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([
         ["duo-workflow-exact", { featureFlags: { configured: true }, workflowDefinition: undefined }],
       ])
@@ -301,28 +248,27 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses provider feature flags instead of request feature flags", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: [string, unknown][] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("gitlab", "duo-workflow-custom", {
-            request: {
-              headers: {},
-              body: { featureFlags: { request_flag: true } },
-            },
-          }),
-          sdk: {
-            workflowChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
-              calls.push([id, options])
-              return { id, options }
-            },
-            agenticChat: () => undefined,
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("duo-workflow-custom"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          request: {
+            headers: {},
+            body: { featureFlags: { request_flag: true } },
           },
-          options: { featureFlags: { configured: true } },
+        }),
+        sdk: {
+          workflowChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
+            calls.push([id, options])
+            return { id, options }
+          },
+          agenticChat: () => undefined,
         },
-        {},
-      )
+        options: { featureFlags: { configured: true } },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([["duo-workflow", { featureFlags: { configured: true }, workflowDefinition: undefined }]])
     }),
   )
@@ -330,31 +276,30 @@ describe("GitLabPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses agenticChat with provider aiGatewayHeaders and feature flags for normal models", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: [string, unknown][] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GitLabPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("gitlab", "claude", {
-            request: { headers: { h: "v" }, body: {} },
-          }),
-          sdk: {
-            workflowChat: () => undefined,
-            agenticChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
-              const selected = options as {
-                aiGatewayHeaders?: Record<string, string>
-                featureFlags?: Record<string, boolean>
-              }
-              calls.push([
-                id,
-                { aiGatewayHeaders: { ...selected.aiGatewayHeaders }, featureFlags: { ...selected.featureFlags } },
-              ])
-            },
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("gitlab"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          request: { headers: { h: "v" }, body: {} },
+        }),
+        sdk: {
+          workflowChat: () => undefined,
+          agenticChat: (id: string, options: unknown) => {
+            const selected = options as {
+              aiGatewayHeaders?: Record<string, string>
+              featureFlags?: Record<string, boolean>
+            }
+            calls.push([
+              id,
+              { aiGatewayHeaders: { ...selected.aiGatewayHeaders }, featureFlags: { ...selected.featureFlags } },
+            ])
           },
-          options: { aiGatewayHeaders: { fallback: "header" }, featureFlags: { duo_agent_platform: true } },
         },
-        {},
-      )
+        options: { aiGatewayHeaders: { fallback: "header" }, featureFlags: { duo_agent_platform: true } },
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([
         ["claude", { aiGatewayHeaders: { fallback: "header" }, featureFlags: { duo_agent_platform: true } }],
       ])
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex-anthropic.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex-anthropic.test.ts
index bdb6029487c..511cb7ac056 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex-anthropic.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex-anthropic.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,52 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin, GoogleVertexPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/google-vertex"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* (definition: typeof GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin | typeof GoogleVertexPlugin) {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* definition.effect(host)
+})
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        })
+      }),
+  )
+}
+
+function selector(calls: string[]) {
+  return (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`languageModel:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: "languageModel", specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+}
 
 describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("resolves legacy project and location env on provider update", () =>
@@ -19,18 +61,19 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       },
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) =>
+          yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
             catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"), (provider) => {
               provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic" }
             }),
           )
-          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"))
-          expect(provider.request.body.project).toBe("cloud-project")
-          expect(provider.request.body.location).toBe("cloud-location")
+          yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+          expect(
+            (yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic")))?.request.body.project,
+          ).toBe("cloud-project")
+          expect(
+            (yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic")))?.request.body.location,
+          ).toBe("cloud-location")
         }),
     ),
   )
@@ -38,20 +81,21 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("keeps configured project and location over env fallback", () =>
     withEnv({ GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT: "env-project", GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION: "env-location" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) =>
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
           catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"), (provider) => {
             provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic" }
             provider.request.body.project = "configured-project"
             provider.request.body.location = "configured-location"
           }),
         )
-        const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"))
-        expect(provider.request.body.project).toBe("configured-project")
-        expect(provider.request.body.location).toBe("configured-location")
+        yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic")))?.request.body.project).toBe(
+          "configured-project",
+        )
+        expect(
+          (yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic")))?.request.body.location,
+        ).toBe("configured-location")
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -69,16 +113,19 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-          const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("google-vertex-anthropic", "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-              package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
-              options: { name: "google-vertex-anthropic" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+          const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+                ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"),
+                ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+              ),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
+            options: { name: "google-vertex-anthropic" },
+          })
           expect(result.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").config.baseURL).toBe(
             "https://aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/gcp-project/locations/global/publishers/anthropic/models",
           )
@@ -92,16 +139,19 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-          const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("google-vertex-anthropic", "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-              package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
-              options: { name: "google-vertex-anthropic" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+          const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+                ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"),
+                ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"),
+              ),
+              api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
+            options: { name: "google-vertex-anthropic" },
+          })
           expect(result.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").config.baseURL).toBe(
             "https://cloud-location-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project/locations/cloud-location/publishers/anthropic/models",
           )
@@ -112,16 +162,16 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates SDKs for google-vertex Anthropic models with multi-region endpoints", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("google-vertex", "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
-          options: { name: "google-vertex", project: "project", location: "eu" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
+        options: { name: "google-vertex", project: "project", location: "eu" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").config.baseURL).toBe(
         "https://aiplatform.eu.rep.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project/locations/eu/publishers/anthropic/models",
       )
@@ -131,16 +181,16 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("keeps configured baseURL for google-vertex Anthropic models", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("google-vertex", "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
-          options: { name: "google-vertex", project: "project", location: "eu", baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
+        options: { name: "google-vertex", project: "project", location: "eu", baseURL: "https://proxy.example/v1" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk.languageModel("claude-sonnet-4-5").config.baseURL).toBe("https://proxy.example/v1")
     }),
   )
@@ -148,26 +198,25 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("selects google-vertex Anthropic language models through V2 plugins", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-      const sdkResult = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("google-vertex", " claude-sonnet-4-5 "),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
-          options: { name: "google-vertex", project: "project", location: "us" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      const languageResult = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("google-vertex", " claude-sonnet-4-5 "),
-          sdk: sdkResult.sdk,
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexPlugin)
+      yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+      const sdkResult = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 "), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
+        options: { name: "google-vertex", project: "project", location: "us" },
+      })
+      const languageResult = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 "), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: sdkResult.sdk,
+        options: {},
+      })
       const language = languageResult.language as unknown as { config: { baseURL: string }; modelId: string }
       expect(language.config.baseURL).toBe(
         "https://aiplatform.us.rep.googleapis.com/v1/projects/project/locations/us/publishers/anthropic/models",
@@ -179,17 +228,17 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("trims model IDs before selecting language models", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("google-vertex-anthropic", " claude-sonnet-4-5 "),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex-anthropic"), ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 ")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(" claude-sonnet-4-5 "), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: selector(calls) },
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["languageModel:claude-sonnet-4-5"])
     }),
   )
@@ -197,17 +246,17 @@ describe("GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non Vertex Anthropic providers for language selection", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("google-vertex", "claude-sonnet-4-5"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin(GoogleVertexAnthropicPlugin)
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: selector(calls) },
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex.test.ts
index cb23cc452cd..b66ce143568 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google-vertex.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,65 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect, mock } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { GoogleVertexPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/google-vertex"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
 const vertexOptions: Record<string, any>[] = []
 const googleAuthOptions: Record<string, any>[] = []
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* GoogleVertexPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() =>
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        }),
+      ),
+  )
+}
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 void mock.module("@ai-sdk/google-vertex", () => ({
   createVertex: (options: Record<string, any>) => {
@@ -37,11 +89,8 @@ void mock.module("google-auth-library", () => ({
 describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores OpenAI-compatible providers that are not Google Vertex", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) =>
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, (provider) => {
           provider.api = {
             type: "aisdk",
@@ -50,8 +99,9 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
           }
         }),
       )
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)
+      const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode))
       expect(provider.request.body).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
@@ -68,11 +118,8 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
       },
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) =>
+          yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
             catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), (provider) => {
               provider.api = {
                 type: "aisdk",
@@ -81,7 +128,8 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
               }
             }),
           )
-          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"))
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex")))
           expect(provider.request.body.project).toBe("google-cloud-project")
           expect(provider.request.body.location).toBe("google-vertex-location")
           expect(provider.api).toEqual({
@@ -108,10 +156,9 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           vertexOptions.length = 0
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) =>
+          yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
             catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), (provider) => {
               provider.api = {
                 type: "aisdk",
@@ -120,18 +167,20 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
               }
             }),
           )
-          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"))
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("google-vertex", "gemini", {
-                api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex" },
-              }),
-              package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
-              options: { name: "google-vertex" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex")))
+          yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+              api: {
+                id: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
+                type: "aisdk",
+                package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
+              },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
+            options: { name: "google-vertex" },
+          })
 
           expect(provider.request.body.project).toBe("vertex-project")
           expect(provider.api).toEqual({
@@ -157,11 +206,8 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
       },
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) =>
+          yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
             catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), (provider) => {
               provider.api = {
                 type: "aisdk",
@@ -172,7 +218,8 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
               provider.request.body.location = "global"
             }),
           )
-          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"))
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex")))
           expect(provider.request.body.project).toBe("config-project")
           expect(provider.request.body.location).toBe("global")
           expect(provider.api).toEqual({
@@ -186,11 +233,8 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("keeps OpenAI-compatible Vertex endpoint templates regional for eu", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) =>
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), (provider) => {
           provider.api = {
             type: "aisdk",
@@ -201,7 +245,8 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
           provider.request.body.location = "eu"
         }),
       )
-      const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"))
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex")))
       expect(provider.api).toEqual({
         type: "aisdk",
         package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
@@ -222,17 +267,15 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
       },
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-          const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-          yield* transform((catalog) =>
+          yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
             catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), (provider) => {
               provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex" }
               provider.request.body.project = "config-project"
             }),
           )
-          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"))
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const provider = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex")))
           expect(provider.request.body.project).toBe("config-project")
           expect(provider.request.body.location).toBe("us-central1")
         }),
@@ -249,18 +292,20 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           vertexOptions.length = 0
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-          yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("google-vertex", "gemini", {
-                api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex" },
-              }),
-              package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
-              options: { name: "google-vertex" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+              api: {
+                id: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
+                type: "aisdk",
+                package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
+              },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
+            options: { name: "google-vertex" },
+          })
           expect(vertexOptions).toHaveLength(1)
           expect(vertexOptions[0].project).toBe("env-project")
           expect(vertexOptions[0].location).toBe("env-location")
@@ -274,21 +319,18 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
       googleAuthOptions.length = 0
       const fetchCalls: { input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0]; init?: RequestInit }[] = []
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("capture-openai-compatible"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.promise(async () => {
-              if (evt.model.providerID !== "google-vertex") return
-              if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") return
-              expect(typeof evt.options.fetch).toBe("function")
-              await evt.options.fetch("https://vertex.example", {
-                headers: { "x-test": "1" },
-              })
-            }),
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.hook.sdk((evt) =>
+        Effect.promise(async () => {
+          if (evt.model.providerID !== "google-vertex") return
+          if (evt.package !== "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") return
+          expect(typeof evt.options.fetch).toBe("function")
+          await evt.options.fetch("https://vertex.example", {
+            headers: { "x-test": "1" },
+          })
         }),
-      })
+      )
       const originalFetch = fetch
       ;(globalThis as typeof globalThis & { fetch: typeof fetch }).fetch = (async (
         input: Parameters<typeof fetch>[0],
@@ -300,17 +342,18 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
       yield* Effect.acquireUseRelease(
         Effect.void,
         () =>
-          plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("google-vertex", "gemini", {
-                api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" },
-              }),
-              package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-              options: { name: "google-vertex" },
-            },
-            {},
-          ),
+          aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: new ModelV2.Info({
+              ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+              api: {
+                id: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"),
+                type: "aisdk",
+                package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+              },
+            }),
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            options: { name: "google-vertex" },
+          }),
         () =>
           Effect.sync(() => {
             ;(globalThis as typeof globalThis & { fetch: typeof fetch }).fetch = originalFetch
@@ -327,17 +370,17 @@ describe("GoogleVertexPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("trims model IDs before selecting language models", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(GoogleVertexPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("google-vertex", " gemini-2.5-pro "),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google-vertex"), ModelV2.ID.make(" gemini-2.5-pro ")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(" gemini-2.5-pro "), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["languageModel:gemini-2.5-pro"])
     }),
   )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google.test.ts
index 9880ff3ae58..620f01e9ce3 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-google.test.ts
@@ -1,31 +1,37 @@
-import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { GooglePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/google"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-import { it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-const itWithAISDK = testEffect(
-  AISDK.layer.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(PluginV2.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer)))),
-)
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* GooglePlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("GooglePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates a Google Generative AI SDK for @ai-sdk/google using the provider ID as SDK name", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GooglePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-google", "gemini"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/google",
-          options: { name: "custom-google", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/google",
+        options: { name: "custom-google", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       expect(result.sdk?.languageModel("gemini").provider).toBe("custom-google")
     }),
@@ -34,34 +40,39 @@ describe("GooglePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-Google SDK packages", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GooglePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("google", "gemini"), package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex", options: { name: "google" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("google"), ModelV2.ID.make("gemini")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
+        options: { name: "google" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
 
-  itWithAISDK.effect("uses default languageModel loading with provider ID parity", () =>
+  it.effect("uses default languageModel loading with provider ID parity", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GooglePlugin)
-      const language = yield* aisdk.language(
-        model("custom-google", "alias", {
-          api: {
-            id: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini-api"),
-            type: "aisdk",
-            package: "@ai-sdk/google",
-          },
-          request: {
-            headers: {},
-            body: { apiKey: "test" },
-          },
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const sdkEvent = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-google"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gemini-api"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/google" },
         }),
-      )
+        package: "@ai-sdk/google",
+        options: { name: "custom-google", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: sdkEvent.model,
+        sdk: sdkEvent.sdk,
+        options: sdkEvent.options,
+      })
+      const language = result.language ?? result.sdk.languageModel(result.model.api.id)
       expect(language.modelId).toBe("gemini-api")
       expect(language.provider).toBe("custom-google")
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-groq.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-groq.test.ts
index c6db66b1cb6..4f469e95c0d 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-groq.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-groq.test.ts
@@ -1,28 +1,38 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { createGroq } from "@ai-sdk/groq"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { GroqPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/groq"
-import { it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-const aisdkIt = testEffect(
-  AISDK.layer.pipe(Layer.provideMerge(PluginV2.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer)))),
-)
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* GroqPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("GroqPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates a Groq SDK for @ai-sdk/groq", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GroqPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("groq", "llama"), package: "@ai-sdk/groq", options: { name: "groq" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq"), ModelV2.ID.make("llama")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/groq" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/groq",
+        options: { name: "groq" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -30,12 +40,16 @@ describe("GroqPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-Groq SDK packages", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GroqPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("groq", "llama"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", options: { name: "groq" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq"), ModelV2.ID.make("llama")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/groq" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "groq" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -43,12 +57,16 @@ describe("GroqPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("only matches the bundled @ai-sdk/groq package exactly", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GroqPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("groq", "llama"), package: "@ai-sdk/groq/compat", options: { name: "groq" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq"), ModelV2.ID.make("llama")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/groq" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/groq/compat",
+        options: { name: "groq" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -56,16 +74,16 @@ describe("GroqPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("matches the old bundled Groq SDK provider naming", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GroqPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-groq", "llama"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/groq",
-          options: { name: "custom-groq", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-groq"), ModelV2.ID.make("llama")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/groq" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/groq",
+        options: { name: "custom-groq", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       const expected = createGroq({ name: "custom-groq", apiKey: "test" } as Parameters<typeof createGroq>[0] & {
         name: string
       }).languageModel("llama")
@@ -75,26 +93,29 @@ describe("GroqPlugin", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  aisdkIt.effect("uses the default languageModel(api.id) behavior", () =>
+  it.effect("uses the default languageModel(api.id) behavior", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(GroqPlugin)
-      const result = yield* aisdk.language(
-        model("groq", "alias", {
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const sdk = createGroq({ name: "groq", apiKey: "test" } as Parameters<typeof createGroq>[0] & {
+        name: string
+      })
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("groq"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
           api: {
             id: ModelV2.ID.make("llama-api"),
             type: "aisdk",
             package: "@ai-sdk/groq",
           },
-          request: {
-            headers: {},
-            body: { apiKey: "test" },
-          },
         }),
-      )
-      expect(result.modelId).toBe("llama-api")
-      expect(result.provider).toBe("groq.chat")
+        sdk,
+        options: { name: "groq", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
+      const language = result.language ?? sdk.languageModel(result.model.api.id)
+      expect(language.modelId).toBe("llama-api")
+      expect(language.provider).toBe("groq.chat")
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-helper.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-helper.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index c15928435bc..00000000000
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-helper.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/core/npm"
-import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
-import { expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer, Option } from "effect"
-import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
-import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
-import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
-import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
-import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
-import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
-import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { location } from "../fixture/location"
-import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-
-export const fixtureProvider = new URL("./fixtures/provider-factory.ts", import.meta.url).href
-const locationLayer = Layer.succeed(
-  Location.Service,
-  Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("test") })),
-)
-
-export const npmLayer = Layer.succeed(
-  Npm.Service,
-  Npm.Service.of({
-    add: () => Effect.succeed({ directory: "", entrypoint: Option.none<string>() }),
-    install: () => Effect.void,
-    which: () => Effect.succeed(Option.none<string>()),
-  }),
-)
-
-export const catalogLayer = Layer.succeed(
-  Catalog.Service,
-  Catalog.Service.of({
-    transform: () => Effect.die("unexpected catalog.transform"),
-    provider: {
-      get: () => Effect.die("unexpected provider.get"),
-      all: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-      available: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-    },
-    model: {
-      get: () => Effect.die("unexpected model.get"),
-      all: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-      available: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-      default: () => Effect.succeed(Option.none<ModelV2.Info>()),
-      small: () => Effect.succeed(Option.none<ModelV2.Info>()),
-    },
-  }),
-)
-
-const integrations = Integration.locationLayer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-  Layer.provide(
-    Layer.mock(Credential.Service)({
-      create: () => Effect.die("unexpected credential creation"),
-      all: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-      list: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-    }),
-  ),
-)
-
-export const it = testEffect(
-  Catalog.locationLayer.pipe(
-    Layer.provideMerge(integrations),
-    Layer.provideMerge(
-      Layer.mock(Credential.Service)({
-        all: () => Effect.succeed([]),
-      }),
-    ),
-    Layer.provideMerge(EventV2.defaultLayer),
-    Layer.provideMerge(locationLayer),
-    Layer.provideMerge(npmLayer),
-  ),
-)
-
-type ProviderInput = Partial<Omit<ProviderV2.Info, "api" | "request">> & {
-  api?: ProviderV2.Api
-  request?: ProviderV2.Request
-}
-
-type ModelInput = Partial<Omit<ModelV2.Info, "api" | "request">> & {
-  api?: (ProviderV2.Api & { id?: ModelV2.ID }) | { id: ModelV2.ID }
-  request?: ModelV2.Info["request"]
-}
-
-export function provider(providerID: string, options?: ProviderInput) {
-  return new ProviderV2.Info({
-    ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID)),
-    api: options?.api ?? {
-      type: "aisdk",
-      package: "test-provider",
-    },
-    ...options,
-    request: {
-      headers: {},
-      body: {},
-      ...options?.request,
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export function model(providerID: string, modelID: string, options?: ModelInput) {
-  return new ModelV2.Info({
-    ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make(modelID)),
-    ...options,
-    api:
-      options?.api && "type" in options.api
-        ? { id: ModelV2.ID.make(modelID), ...options.api }
-        : {
-            id: ModelV2.ID.make(modelID),
-            ...options?.api,
-            type: "aisdk",
-            package: "test-provider",
-          },
-    request: {
-      headers: {},
-      body: {},
-      ...options?.request,
-    },
-  })
-}
-
-export function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, fx: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
-  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
-    Effect.sync(() => {
-      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
-      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(vars)) {
-        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
-        else process.env[key] = value
-      }
-      return previous
-    }),
-    () => fx(),
-    (previous) =>
-      Effect.sync(() => {
-        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(previous)) {
-          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
-          else process.env[key] = value
-        }
-      }),
-  )
-}
-
-export function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
-  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
-    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
-    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
-  }
-  return {
-    responses: make("responses"),
-    messages: make("messages"),
-    chat: make("chat"),
-    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
-  }
-}
-
-export function expectPluginRegistered(ids: string[], id: string) {
-  expect(ids).toContain(PluginV2.ID.make(id))
-}
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-kilo.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-kilo.test.ts
index 33da03c0327..1df0fd31568 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-kilo.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-kilo.test.ts
@@ -2,99 +2,98 @@ import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { ProviderPlugins } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider"
 import { KiloPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/kilo"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { expectPluginRegistered, it, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* KiloPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("KiloPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("is registered so legacy referer headers can be applied", () =>
-    Effect.sync(() =>
-      expectPluginRegistered(
-        ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id),
-        "kilo",
-      ),
-    ),
+    Effect.sync(() => expect(ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id)).toContain(PluginV2.ID.make("kilo"))),
   )
 
   it.effect("applies legacy referer headers only to kilo", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(KiloPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const kilo = provider("kilo", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://api.kilo.ai/api/gateway" },
-          request: { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} },
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://api.kilo.ai/api/gateway",
+          }
+          provider.request = { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} }
         })
-        catalog.provider.update(kilo.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = kilo.api
-          draft.request = kilo.request
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(provider("openrouter").id, () => {})
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, () => {})
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         Existing: "value",
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter)).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("uses the exact legacy Kilo header casing and set", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(KiloPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("kilo", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://api.kilo.ai/api/gateway" },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://api.kilo.ai/api/gateway",
+          }
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const result = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo"))
-      expect(result.request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
       })
-      expect(result.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty("http-referer")
-      expect(result.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty("x-title")
-      expect(result.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty("X-Source")
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo")))?.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty(
+        "http-referer",
+      )
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo")))?.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty("x-title")
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo")))?.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty("X-Source")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("uses the legacy provider-id guard instead of endpoint package matching", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(KiloPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const kilo = provider("kilo", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://api.kilo.ai/api/gateway" },
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://api.kilo.ai/api/gateway",
+          }
         })
-        catalog.provider.update(kilo.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = kilo.api
-        })
-        const custom = provider("custom-kilo", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "kilo" },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(custom.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = custom.api
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-kilo"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "kilo" }
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("kilo")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-kilo"))).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-kilo")))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-llmgateway.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-llmgateway.test.ts
index 39a643e348a..d7f9d0d73d4 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-llmgateway.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-llmgateway.test.ts
@@ -3,78 +3,78 @@ import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { ProviderPlugins } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider"
 import { LLMGatewayPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/llmgateway"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { expectPluginRegistered, it, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  const integration = yield* Integration.Service
+  yield* LLMGatewayPlugin.effect(host).pipe(Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integration))
+})
 
 describe("LLMGatewayPlugin", () => {
-  const add = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (plugin: PluginV2.Interface) {
-    const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-    yield* plugin.add({
-      ...LLMGatewayPlugin,
-      effect: LLMGatewayPlugin.effect.pipe(Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations)),
-    })
-  })
-
   it.effect("is registered so legacy referer headers can be applied", () =>
-    Effect.sync(() =>
-      expectPluginRegistered(
-        ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id),
-        "llmgateway",
-      ),
-    ),
+    Effect.sync(() => expect(ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id)).toContain(PluginV2.ID.make("llmgateway"))),
   )
 
   it.effect("applies legacy referer headers only to enabled llmgateway", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* add(plugin)
       const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-      yield* integrations.update((editor) => {
+      yield* integrations.transform((editor) => {
         editor.update(Integration.ID.make("llmgateway"), () => {})
         editor.update(Integration.ID.make("openrouter"), () => {})
       })
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const llmgateway = provider("llmgateway", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://api.llmgateway.io/v1" },
-          request: { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(llmgateway.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = llmgateway.api
-          draft.request = llmgateway.request
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://api.llmgateway.io/v1",
+          }
+          provider.request = { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} }
         })
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, () => {})
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         Existing: "value",
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
         "X-Source": "opencode",
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter)).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("does not apply legacy headers to a disabled llmgateway provider", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* add(plugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("llmgateway", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://api.llmgateway.io/v1" },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
+      const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+      yield* integrations.transform((editor) => {
+        editor.update(Integration.ID.make("llmgateway"), () => {})
+      })
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway"), (provider) => {
+          provider.disabled = true
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://api.llmgateway.io/v1",
+          }
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway"))).disabled).toBeUndefined()
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway"))).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway")))?.disabled).toBe(true)
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("llmgateway")))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-mistral.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-mistral.test.ts
index b442d4f4d6c..0544d5f50cd 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-mistral.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-mistral.test.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,38 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { MistralPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/mistral"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* MistralPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("MistralPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates a Mistral SDK for @ai-sdk/mistral", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(MistralPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("mistral", "mistral-large"), package: "@ai-sdk/mistral", options: { name: "mistral" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("mistral"), ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/mistral",
+        options: { name: "mistral" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -22,16 +40,16 @@ describe("MistralPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-Mistral SDK packages", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(MistralPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("mistral", "mistral-large"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-          options: { name: "mistral" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("mistral"), ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "mistral" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -39,22 +57,22 @@ describe("MistralPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("matches the old bundled Mistral SDK provider name for the bundled provider ID", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const providers: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(MistralPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("mistral-sdk-inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              providers.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("mistral-large").provider)
-            }),
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.hook.sdk((event) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          providers.push(event.sdk.languageModel("mistral-large").provider)
         }),
-      })
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("mistral", "mistral-large"), package: "@ai-sdk/mistral", options: { name: "mistral" } },
-        {},
       )
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("mistral"), ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/mistral",
+        options: { name: "mistral" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       expect(providers).toEqual(["mistral.chat"])
     }),
@@ -63,26 +81,22 @@ describe("MistralPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("matches the old bundled Mistral SDK provider name for custom provider IDs", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const providers: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(MistralPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("mistral-sdk-inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              providers.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("mistral-large").provider)
-            }),
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.hook.sdk((event) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          providers.push(event.sdk.languageModel("mistral-large").provider)
         }),
-      })
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-mistral", "mistral-large"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/mistral",
-          options: { name: "custom-mistral" },
-        },
-        {},
       )
+      yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-mistral"), ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/mistral",
+        options: { name: "custom-mistral" },
+      })
       expect(providers).toEqual(["mistral.chat"])
     }),
   )
@@ -90,14 +104,23 @@ describe("MistralPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("leaves Mistral language selection on the default sdk.languageModel(api.id) path", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      const sdk = fakeSelectorSdk(calls)
-      yield* plugin.add(MistralPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("mistral", "alias", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large") } }), sdk, options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      const sdk = {
+        languageModel: (id: string) => {
+          calls.push(`languageModel:${id}`)
+          return { modelId: id, provider: "languageModel", specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+        },
+      }
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("mistral"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("mistral-large"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk,
+        options: {},
+      })
       const language = result.language ?? sdk.languageModel(result.model.api.id)
       expect(calls).toEqual(["languageModel:mistral-large"])
       expect(language).toBeDefined()
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-nvidia.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-nvidia.test.ts
index e4f781e54a3..a1c05df3359 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-nvidia.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-nvidia.test.ts
@@ -2,66 +2,66 @@ import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { ProviderPlugins } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider"
 import { NvidiaPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/nvidia"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { expectPluginRegistered, it, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* NvidiaPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("NvidiaPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("is registered so legacy referer headers can be applied", () =>
-    Effect.sync(() =>
-      expectPluginRegistered(
-        ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id),
-        "nvidia",
-      ),
-    ),
+    Effect.sync(() => expect(ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id)).toContain(PluginV2.ID.make("nvidia"))),
   )
 
   it.effect("applies NVIDIA tracking headers only to nvidia", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(NvidiaPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const nvidia = provider("nvidia", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1" },
-          request: { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} },
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1",
+          }
+          provider.request = { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} }
         })
-        catalog.provider.update(nvidia.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = nvidia.api
-          draft.request = nvidia.request
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(provider("openrouter").id, () => {})
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, () => {})
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         Existing: "value",
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
         "X-BILLING-INVOKE-ORIGIN": "OpenCode",
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter)).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("adds billing origin for custom NVIDIA endpoints", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(NvidiaPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("nvidia", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1" },
-          request: { headers: {}, body: {} },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
-          draft.request = item.request
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1",
+          }
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
         "X-BILLING-INVOKE-ORIGIN": "OpenCode",
@@ -71,25 +71,23 @@ describe("NvidiaPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("preserves an explicit NVIDIA billing origin header", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(NvidiaPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("nvidia", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1" },
-          request: {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1",
+          }
+          provider.request = {
             headers: { "X-BILLING-INVOKE-ORIGIN": "CustomOrigin" },
             body: { baseURL: "https://integrate.api.nvidia.com/v1" },
-          },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
-          draft.request = item.request
+          }
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
         "X-BILLING-INVOKE-ORIGIN": "CustomOrigin",
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai-compatible.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai-compatible.test.ts
index e8bf1f7575f..74adb0ef437 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai-compatible.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai-compatible.test.ts
@@ -1,28 +1,45 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { OpenAICompatiblePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/openai-compatible"
-import { it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* OpenAICompatiblePlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("preserves explicit includeUsage false and defaults it to true", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenAICompatiblePlugin)
-      const defaulted = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("custom", "model"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", options: { name: "custom" } },
-        {},
-      )
-      const disabled = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom", "model"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-          options: { name: "custom", includeUsage: false },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const defaulted = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "custom" },
+      })
+      const disabled = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "custom", includeUsage: false },
+      })
       expect(defaulted.options.includeUsage).toBe(true)
       expect(disabled.options.includeUsage).toBe(false)
     }),
@@ -31,16 +48,16 @@ describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("defaults includeUsage for OpenAI-compatible package matches", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenAICompatiblePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom", "model"),
-          package: "file:///tmp/@ai-sdk/openai-compatible-provider.js",
-          options: { name: "custom" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "file:///tmp/@ai-sdk/openai-compatible-provider.js",
+        options: { name: "custom" },
+      })
       expect(result.options.includeUsage).toBe(true)
     }),
   )
@@ -48,53 +65,42 @@ describe("OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the provider ID as the OpenAI-compatible provider name", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const observed: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenAICompatiblePlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              observed.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("model").provider)
-            }),
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      yield* aisdk.hook.sdk((event) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          observed.push(event.sdk.languageModel("model").provider)
         }),
-      })
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-provider", "model"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-          options: { name: "custom-provider", baseURL: "https://example.com/v1" },
-        },
-        {},
       )
+      yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-provider"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "custom-provider", baseURL: "https://example.com/v1" },
+      })
       expect(observed).toEqual(["custom-provider.chat"])
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("does not overwrite an SDK created by an earlier provider-specific plugin", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const sentinel = { languageModel: (modelID: string) => ({ modelID }) }
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("sentinel"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              evt.sdk = sentinel
-            }),
-        }),
+      yield* aisdk.hook.sdk((event) => {
+        event.sdk = sentinel
+      })
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("cloudflare-workers-ai"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai" },
       })
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenAICompatiblePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("cloudflare-workers-ai", "model"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-          options: { name: "cloudflare-workers-ai" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
       expect(result.sdk).toBe(sentinel)
     }),
   )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai.test.ts
index d30b585b961..867de3a4810 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openai.test.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,49 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { OpenAIPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/openai"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-function add(plugin: PluginV2.Interface, integrations: Integration.Interface) {
-  return plugin.add({
-    ...OpenAIPlugin,
-    effect: OpenAIPlugin.effect.pipe(Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations)),
-  })
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
+  yield* OpenAIPlugin.effect(host).pipe(Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations))
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
 }
 
 describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("registers browser and headless ChatGPT OAuth methods", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* add(plugin, yield* Integration.Service)
+      yield* addPlugin()
       expect((yield* (yield* Integration.Service).get(Integration.ID.make("openai")))?.methods).toEqual([
         {
           id: Integration.MethodID.make("chatgpt-browser"),
@@ -38,16 +62,16 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates an OpenAI SDK for @ai-sdk/openai using the provider ID as SDK name", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* add(plugin, yield* Integration.Service)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-openai", "gpt-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/openai",
-          options: { name: "custom-openai", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        options: { name: "custom-openai", apiKey: "test" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk?.responses("gpt-5").provider).toBe("custom-openai.responses")
     }),
   )
@@ -55,12 +79,16 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-OpenAI SDK packages", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* add(plugin, yield* Integration.Service)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("openai", "gpt-5"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", options: { name: "openai" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "openai" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -68,19 +96,17 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the Responses API for language models", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* add(plugin, yield* Integration.Service)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("openai", "alias", {
-            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
-          }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual(["responses:gpt-5"])
       expect(result.language).toBeDefined()
     }),
@@ -89,13 +115,17 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-OpenAI providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* add(plugin, yield* Integration.Service)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("anthropic", "gpt-5"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.anthropic, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
@@ -103,36 +133,43 @@ describe("OpenAIPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("disables gpt-5-chat-latest during catalog transforms", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* add(plugin, yield* Integration.Service)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("openai", { api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai" } })
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        const item = new ProviderV2.Info({
+          ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai),
+          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai" },
+        })
         catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
           draft.api = item.api
         })
         catalog.model.update(item.id, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"), () => {})
         catalog.model.update(item.id, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"), () => {})
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"))).enabled).toBe(true)
-      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"))).enabled).toBe(false)
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+      expect(
+        required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"))).enabled,
+      ).toBe(false)
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("does not disable gpt-5-chat-latest for non-OpenAI providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* add(plugin, yield* Integration.Service)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("custom-openai")
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, () => {})
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        const item = new ProviderV2.Info({
+          ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openai")),
+          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        })
+        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
+          draft.api = item.api
+        })
         catalog.model.update(item.id, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"), () => {})
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
       expect(
-        (yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"))).enabled,
+        required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest")))
+          .enabled,
       ).toBe(true)
     }),
   )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts
index 01cabf35811..b634d0fee3a 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts
@@ -1,47 +1,75 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { DateTime, Effect, Layer, Option } from "effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
-import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
-import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { OpencodePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/opencode"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { location } from "../fixture/location"
-import { it, model, provider, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  const integration = yield* Integration.Service
+  yield* OpencodePlugin.effect(host).pipe(Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integration))
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() =>
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        }),
+      ),
+  )
+}
 
 const cost = (input: number, output = 0) => [{ input, output, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } }]
-const locationLayer = Layer.succeed(
-  Location.Service,
-  Location.Service.of(location({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("test") })),
-)
-
-const pluginWithIntegrations = (integrations: Integration.Interface) => ({
-  ...OpencodePlugin,
-  effect: OpencodePlugin.effect.pipe(Effect.provideService(Integration.Service, integrations)),
-})
 
 describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses a public key and disables paid models without credentials", () =>
     withEnv({ OPENCODE_API_KEY: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(pluginWithIntegrations(yield* Integration.Service))
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const item = provider("opencode")
-          catalog.provider.update(item.id, () => {})
-          const paid = model("opencode", "paid", { cost: cost(1) })
-          catalog.model.update(item.id, paid.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.cost = [...paid.cost]
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const provider = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.opencode),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          })
+          const model = new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            cost: cost(1),
+          })
+          catalog.provider.update(provider.id, () => {})
+          catalog.model.update(provider.id, model.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.cost = [...model.cost]
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("public")
-        expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(false)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("public")
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(false)
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -49,20 +77,25 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("keeps free models without credentials", () =>
     withEnv({ OPENCODE_API_KEY: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(pluginWithIntegrations(yield* Integration.Service))
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const item = provider("opencode")
-          catalog.provider.update(item.id, () => {})
-          const free = model("opencode", "free", { cost: cost(0) })
-          catalog.model.update(item.id, free.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.cost = [...free.cost]
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const provider = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.opencode),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          })
+          const model = new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("free")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("free"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            cost: cost(0),
+          })
+          catalog.provider.update(provider.id, () => {})
+          catalog.model.update(provider.id, model.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.cost = [...model.cost]
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("public")
-        expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("free"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("public")
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("free"))).enabled).toBe(true)
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -70,20 +103,27 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("treats output-only cost as free without credentials", () =>
     withEnv({ OPENCODE_API_KEY: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(pluginWithIntegrations(yield* Integration.Service))
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const item = provider("opencode")
-          catalog.provider.update(item.id, () => {})
-          const outputOnly = model("opencode", "output-only", { cost: cost(0, 1) })
-          catalog.model.update(item.id, outputOnly.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.cost = [...outputOnly.cost]
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const provider = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.opencode),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          })
+          const model = new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("output-only")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("output-only"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            cost: cost(0, 1),
+          })
+          catalog.provider.update(provider.id, () => {})
+          catalog.model.update(provider.id, model.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.cost = [...model.cost]
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("public")
-        expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("output-only"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("public")
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("output-only"))).enabled).toBe(
+          true,
+        )
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -91,20 +131,25 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses OPENCODE_API_KEY as credentials", () =>
     withEnv({ OPENCODE_API_KEY: "secret" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(pluginWithIntegrations(yield* Integration.Service))
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const item = provider("opencode")
-          catalog.provider.update(item.id, () => {})
-          const paid = model("opencode", "paid", { cost: cost(1) })
-          catalog.model.update(item.id, paid.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.cost = [...paid.cost]
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const provider = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.opencode),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          })
+          const model = new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            cost: cost(1),
+          })
+          catalog.provider.update(provider.id, () => {})
+          catalog.model.update(provider.id, model.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.cost = [...model.cost]
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBeUndefined()
-        expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBeUndefined()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -112,27 +157,32 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses configured provider env vars as credentials", () =>
     withEnv({ OPENCODE_API_KEY: undefined, CUSTOM_OPENCODE_API_KEY: "secret" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
         const integrations = yield* Integration.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(pluginWithIntegrations(integrations))
-        yield* integrations.update((editor) => {
+        yield* integrations.transform((editor) => {
           editor.method.update({
             integrationID: Integration.ID.make("opencode"),
             method: { type: "env", names: ["CUSTOM_OPENCODE_API_KEY"] },
           })
         })
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const item = provider("opencode")
-          catalog.provider.update(item.id, () => {})
-          const paid = model("opencode", "paid", { cost: cost(1) })
-          catalog.model.update(item.id, paid.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.cost = [...paid.cost]
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const provider = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.opencode),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          })
+          const model = new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            cost: cost(1),
+          })
+          catalog.provider.update(provider.id, () => {})
+          catalog.model.update(provider.id, model.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.cost = [...model.cost]
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBeUndefined()
-        expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBeUndefined()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -140,27 +190,31 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses configured apiKey as credentials", () =>
     withEnv({ OPENCODE_API_KEY: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(pluginWithIntegrations(yield* Integration.Service))
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const item = provider("opencode", {
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const provider = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.opencode),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
             request: {
               headers: {},
               body: { apiKey: "configured" },
             },
           })
-          catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.request = item.request
+          const model = new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            cost: cost(1),
           })
-          const paid = model("opencode", "paid", { cost: cost(1) })
-          catalog.model.update(item.id, paid.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.cost = [...paid.cost]
+          catalog.provider.update(provider.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.request = provider.request
+          })
+          catalog.model.update(provider.id, model.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.cost = [...model.cost]
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("configured")
-        expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode)).request.body.apiKey).toBe("configured")
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.opencode, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -168,20 +222,25 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-opencode providers and models", () =>
     withEnv({ OPENCODE_API_KEY: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(pluginWithIntegrations(yield* Integration.Service))
-        const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-        yield* transform((catalog) => {
-          const item = provider("openai")
-          catalog.provider.update(item.id, () => {})
-          const paid = model("openai", "paid", { cost: cost(1) })
-          catalog.model.update(item.id, paid.id, (draft) => {
-            draft.cost = [...paid.cost]
+        yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+          const provider = new ProviderV2.Info({
+            ...ProviderV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai),
+            api: { type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          })
+          const model = new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(provider.id, ModelV2.ID.make("paid")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("paid"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+            cost: cost(1),
+          })
+          catalog.provider.update(provider.id, () => {})
+          catalog.model.update(provider.id, model.id, (draft) => {
+            draft.cost = [...model.cost]
           })
         })
-        expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai)).request.body.apiKey).toBeUndefined()
-        expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai)).request.body.apiKey).toBeUndefined()
+        expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
       }),
     ),
   )
@@ -191,28 +250,25 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.opencode
 
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(providerID, () => {})
         catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make("cheap-mini"), (model) => {
           model.capabilities.input = ["text"]
           model.capabilities.output = ["text"]
           model.cost = [...cost(1, 1)]
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(Date.now())
+          model.time.released = Date.now()
         })
         catalog.model.update(providerID, ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-nano"), (model) => {
           model.capabilities.input = ["text"]
           model.capabilities.output = ["text"]
           model.cost = [...cost(10, 10)]
-          model.time.released = DateTime.makeUnsafe(Date.now())
+          model.time.released = Date.now()
         })
       })
 
       const selected = yield* catalog.model.small(providerID)
 
-      expect(Option.getOrUndefined(selected)?.id).toBe(ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-nano"))
-    }).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(Catalog.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer), Layer.provide(locationLayer))),
-    ),
+      expect(selected?.id).toBe(ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-nano"))
+    }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openrouter.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openrouter.test.ts
index fe8ccb62331..d05f5721c55 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openrouter.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-openrouter.test.ts
@@ -1,121 +1,112 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { ProviderPlugins } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider"
 import { OpenRouterPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/openrouter"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { expectPluginRegistered, it, model, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* OpenRouterPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("OpenRouterPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("is registered so legacy OpenRouter behavior can be applied", () =>
-    Effect.sync(() =>
-      expectPluginRegistered(
-        ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id),
-        "openrouter",
-      ),
-    ),
+    Effect.sync(() => expect(ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id)).toContain(PluginV2.ID.make("openrouter"))),
   )
 
   it.effect("applies legacy referer headers only to openrouter", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenRouterPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const openrouter = provider("openrouter", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider" },
-          request: { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(openrouter.id, (item) => {
-          item.api = openrouter.api
-          item.request = openrouter.request
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, (provider) => {
+          provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider" }
+          provider.request = { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} }
         })
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"), () => {})
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("openrouter"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         Existing: "value",
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia"))).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("nvidia")))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("creates an SDK only for the OpenRouter package", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenRouterPlugin)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("openrouter", "openai/gpt-5"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-          options: { name: "openrouter" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "openrouter" },
+      })
       expect(ignored.sdk).toBeUndefined()
 
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("custom", "openai/gpt-5"), package: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider", options: { name: "custom" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider",
+        options: { name: "custom" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("filters OpenRouter's gpt-5 chat alias", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenRouterPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const openrouter = provider("openrouter", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider" },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(openrouter.id, (item) => {
-          item.api = openrouter.api
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, (provider) => {
+          provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider" }
         })
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openai, () => {})
-        for (const item of [
-          model("openrouter", "openai/gpt-5-chat"),
-          model("openrouter", "openai/gpt-5"),
-          model("openai", "openai/gpt-5-chat"),
-        ]) {
-          catalog.model.update(item.providerID, item.id, () => {})
-        }
+        catalog.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5-chat"), () => {})
+        catalog.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"), () => {})
+        catalog.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5-chat"), () => {})
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect(
-        (yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("openrouter"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5-chat"))).enabled,
-      ).toBe(false)
-      expect(
-        (yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("openrouter"), ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5"))).enabled,
-      ).toBe(true)
-      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5-chat"))).enabled).toBe(true)
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5-chat")))?.enabled).toBe(
+        false,
+      )
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5")))?.enabled).toBe(true)
+      expect((yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("openai/gpt-5-chat")))?.enabled).toBe(true)
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("does not disable gpt-5-chat-latest for non-OpenRouter providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(OpenRouterPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
         catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openrouter"), () => {})
         catalog.model.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openrouter"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest"), () => {})
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
       expect(
         (yield* catalog.model.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-openrouter"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-5-chat-latest")))
-          .enabled,
+          ?.enabled,
       ).toBe(true)
     }),
   )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-perplexity.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-perplexity.test.ts
index 444badd8564..7044b55e5ae 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-perplexity.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-perplexity.test.ts
@@ -1,20 +1,51 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { PerplexityPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/perplexity"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* PerplexityPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 describe("PerplexityPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates a Perplexity SDK for the exact @ai-sdk/perplexity package", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(PerplexityPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("perplexity", "sonar"), package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity", options: { name: "perplexity" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("perplexity"), ModelV2.ID.make("sonar")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("sonar"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity",
+        options: { name: "perplexity" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -22,16 +53,16 @@ describe("PerplexityPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores packages that are not the bundled Perplexity package", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(PerplexityPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("perplexity", "sonar"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity-compatible",
-          options: { name: "perplexity" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("perplexity"), ModelV2.ID.make("sonar")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("sonar"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity-compatible",
+        options: { name: "perplexity" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -39,67 +70,51 @@ describe("PerplexityPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the Perplexity provider ID as the SDK name for the bundled provider", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const providers: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(PerplexityPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("perplexity-sdk-inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              providers.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("sonar").provider)
-            }),
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("perplexity"), ModelV2.ID.make("sonar")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("sonar"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
         }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity",
+        options: { name: "perplexity" },
       })
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("perplexity", "sonar"), package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity", options: { name: "perplexity" } },
-        {},
-      )
-      expect(providers).toEqual(["perplexity"])
+      expect(result.sdk.languageModel("sonar").provider).toBe("perplexity")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("creates bundled Perplexity SDKs for custom provider IDs", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const providers: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(PerplexityPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("custom-perplexity-sdk-inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              providers.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("sonar").provider)
-            }),
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-perplexity"), ModelV2.ID.make("sonar")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("sonar"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
         }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity",
+        options: { name: "custom-perplexity" },
       })
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-perplexity", "sonar"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/perplexity",
-          options: { name: "custom-perplexity" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      expect(providers).toEqual(["perplexity"])
+      expect(result.sdk.languageModel("sonar").provider).toBe("perplexity")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("leaves Perplexity language selection to the default languageModel fallback", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(PerplexityPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("perplexity", "alias", { api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("sonar") } }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("perplexity"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("sonar"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-sap-ai-core.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-sap-ai-core.test.ts
index 565b9280ab9..ab48409902f 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-sap-ai-core.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-sap-ai-core.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,57 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
+import { Npm } from "@opencode-ai/core/npm"
 import { SapAICorePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/sap-ai-core"
-import { fixtureProvider, it, model, npmLayer, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-const pluginWithNpm = { id: SapAICorePlugin.id, effect: SapAICorePlugin.effect.pipe(Effect.provide(npmLayer)) }
+const fixtureProvider = new URL("./fixtures/provider-factory.ts", import.meta.url).href
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+const npm = Npm.Service.of({
+  add: () => Effect.succeed({ directory: "", entrypoint: undefined }),
+  install: () => Effect.void,
+  which: () => Effect.succeed(undefined),
+})
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* SapAICorePlugin.effect(host).pipe(Effect.provideService(Npm.Service, npm))
+})
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(vars)) {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      }
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(previous)) {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        }
+      }),
+  )
+}
+
+function model(providerID: string) {
+  return new ModelV2.Info({
+    ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make(providerID), ModelV2.ID.make("sap-model")),
+    api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("sap-model"), type: "aisdk", package: fixtureProvider },
+  })
+}
 
 describe("SapAICorePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("copies serviceKey option into AICORE_SERVICE_KEY but keeps SDK options to deployment metadata", () =>
@@ -13,16 +60,13 @@ describe("SapAICorePlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(pluginWithNpm)
-          const sdk = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("sap-ai-core", "sap-model"),
-              package: fixtureProvider,
-              options: { name: "sap-ai-core", serviceKey: "service-key" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const sdk = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: model("sap-ai-core"),
+            package: fixtureProvider,
+            options: { name: "sap-ai-core", serviceKey: "service-key" },
+          })
           expect(process.env.AICORE_SERVICE_KEY).toBe("service-key")
           expect(sdk.sdk.options).toEqual({ deploymentId: "deployment", resourceGroup: "resource-group" })
         }),
@@ -39,16 +83,13 @@ describe("SapAICorePlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(pluginWithNpm)
-          const sdk = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("sap-ai-core", "sap-model"),
-              package: fixtureProvider,
-              options: { name: "sap-ai-core", serviceKey: "option-service-key" },
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const sdk = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: model("sap-ai-core"),
+            package: fixtureProvider,
+            options: { name: "sap-ai-core", serviceKey: "option-service-key" },
+          })
           expect(process.env.AICORE_SERVICE_KEY).toBe("env-service-key")
           expect(sdk.sdk.options).toEqual({ deploymentId: "deployment", resourceGroup: "resource-group" })
         }),
@@ -61,12 +102,13 @@ describe("SapAICorePlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(pluginWithNpm)
-          const sdk = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            { model: model("sap-ai-core", "sap-model"), package: fixtureProvider, options: { name: "sap-ai-core" } },
-            {},
-          )
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const sdk = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: model("sap-ai-core"),
+            package: fixtureProvider,
+            options: { name: "sap-ai-core" },
+          })
           expect(process.env.AICORE_SERVICE_KEY).toBeUndefined()
           expect(sdk.sdk.options).toEqual({})
         }),
@@ -76,17 +118,14 @@ describe("SapAICorePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the callable SDK for language selection", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(pluginWithNpm)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
       const sdk = Object.assign((modelID: string) => ({ modelID, provider: "callable" }), {
         languageModel() {
           throw new Error("SAP AI Core should call the SDK directly")
         },
       })
-      const language = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("sap-ai-core", "sap-model"), sdk, options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      const language = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({ model: model("sap-ai-core"), sdk, options: {} })
       expect(language.language as unknown).toEqual({ modelID: "sap-model", provider: "callable" })
     }),
   )
@@ -97,27 +136,20 @@ describe("SapAICorePlugin", () => {
       () =>
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-          yield* plugin.add(pluginWithNpm)
-          const sdk = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.sdk",
-            {
-              model: model("openai", "sap-model"),
-              package: fixtureProvider,
-              options: { name: "openai", serviceKey: "service-key" },
+          const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+          yield* addPlugin()
+          const sdk = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+            model: model("openai"),
+            package: fixtureProvider,
+            options: { name: "openai", serviceKey: "service-key" },
+          })
+          const language = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+            model: model("openai"),
+            sdk: () => {
+              throw new Error("SAP AI Core should ignore other providers")
             },
-            {},
-          )
-          const language = yield* plugin.trigger(
-            "aisdk.language",
-            {
-              model: model("openai", "sap-model"),
-              sdk: () => {
-                throw new Error("SAP AI Core should ignore other providers")
-              },
-              options: {},
-            },
-            {},
-          )
+            options: {},
+          })
           expect(process.env.AICORE_SERVICE_KEY).toBeUndefined()
           expect(sdk.sdk).toBeUndefined()
           expect(language.language).toBeUndefined()
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-snowflake-cortex.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-snowflake-cortex.test.ts
index ff5ec4ba451..a2b6371a3dd 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-snowflake-cortex.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-snowflake-cortex.test.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,50 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect, it as bun_it } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { SnowflakeCortexPlugin, cortexFetch } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/snowflake-cortex"
 import { ProviderPlugins } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider"
-import { expectPluginRegistered, it, model, withEnv } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* SnowflakeCortexPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function withEnv<A, E, R>(vars: Record<string, string | undefined>, effect: () => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) {
+  return Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      const previous = Object.fromEntries(Object.keys(vars).map((key) => [key, process.env[key]]))
+      Object.entries(vars).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+        if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+        else process.env[key] = value
+      })
+      return previous
+    }),
+    effect,
+    (previous) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        Object.entries(previous).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+          if (value === undefined) delete process.env[key]
+          else process.env[key] = value
+        })
+      }),
+  )
+}
 
 describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("is registered in ProviderPlugins before OpenAICompatiblePlugin", () =>
     Effect.sync(() => {
-      expectPluginRegistered(
-        ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id),
-        "snowflake-cortex",
-      )
-      const ids = ProviderPlugins.map((p) => p.id as string)
+      expect(ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id)).toContain(PluginV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"))
+      const ids = ProviderPlugins.map((p) => p.id)
       expect(ids.indexOf("snowflake-cortex")).toBeLessThan(ids.indexOf("openai-compatible"))
     }),
   )
@@ -20,12 +52,16 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-snowflake-cortex providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(SnowflakeCortexPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("openai", "gpt-4"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai", options: { name: "openai" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("openai"), ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("gpt-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        options: { name: "openai" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -34,16 +70,16 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_PAT: "test-pat" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(SnowflakeCortexPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("snowflake-cortex", "claude-sonnet-4-6"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: { name: "snowflake-cortex", baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: { name: "snowflake-cortex", baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1" },
+        })
         expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       }),
     ),
@@ -53,20 +89,20 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_PAT: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(SnowflakeCortexPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("snowflake-cortex", "claude-sonnet-4-6"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: {
-              name: "snowflake-cortex",
-              baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1",
-              apiKey: "options-pat",
-            },
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: {
+            name: "snowflake-cortex",
+            baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1",
+            apiKey: "options-pat",
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       }),
     ),
@@ -76,16 +112,16 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_TOKEN: "oauth-token", SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_PAT: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(SnowflakeCortexPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("snowflake-cortex", "claude-sonnet-4-6"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: { name: "snowflake-cortex", baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: { name: "snowflake-cortex", baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1" },
+        })
         expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       }),
     ),
@@ -95,20 +131,20 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_TOKEN: undefined, SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_PAT: undefined }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        yield* plugin.add(SnowflakeCortexPlugin)
-        const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("snowflake-cortex", "claude-sonnet-4-6"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: {
-              name: "snowflake-cortex",
-              baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1",
-              token: "options-token",
-            },
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+          }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: {
+            name: "snowflake-cortex",
+            baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1",
+            token: "options-token",
           },
-          {},
-        )
+        })
         expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
       }),
     ),
@@ -118,27 +154,17 @@ describe("SnowflakeCortexPlugin", () => {
     withEnv({ SNOWFLAKE_CORTEX_PAT: "test-pat" }, () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-        const captured: Record<string, unknown>[] = []
-        yield* plugin.add(SnowflakeCortexPlugin)
-        yield* plugin.add({
-          id: PluginV2.ID.make("inspector"),
-          effect: Effect.succeed({
-            "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-              Effect.sync(() => {
-                captured.push({ ...evt.options })
-              }),
+        const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+        yield* addPlugin()
+        const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+          model: new ModelV2.Info({
+            ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("snowflake-cortex"), ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6")),
+            api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("claude-sonnet-4-6"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
           }),
+          package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+          options: { name: "snowflake-cortex", baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1" },
         })
-        yield* plugin.trigger(
-          "aisdk.sdk",
-          {
-            model: model("snowflake-cortex", "claude-sonnet-4-6"),
-            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
-            options: { name: "snowflake-cortex", baseURL: "https://test.snowflakecomputing.com/api/v2/cortex/v1" },
-          },
-          {},
-        )
-        expect(captured[0]?.includeUsage).toBe(true)
+        expect(result.options.includeUsage).toBe(true)
       }),
     ),
   )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-togetherai.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-togetherai.test.ts
index 3457c2ac822..439a26e66a3 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-togetherai.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-togetherai.test.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,51 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { TogetherAIPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/togetherai"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* TogetherAIPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 describe("TogetherAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates a TogetherAI SDK for @ai-sdk/togetherai", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(TogetherAIPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("togetherai", "model"), package: "@ai-sdk/togetherai", options: { name: "togetherai" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("togetherai"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/togetherai",
+        options: { name: "togetherai" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -21,24 +53,27 @@ describe("TogetherAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("matches the old bundled provider package exactly", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(TogetherAIPlugin)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("togetherai", "model"),
-          package: "file:///tmp/@ai-sdk/togetherai-provider.js",
-          options: { name: "togetherai" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("togetherai"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "file:///tmp/@ai-sdk/togetherai-provider.js",
+        options: { name: "togetherai" },
+      })
       expect(ignored.sdk).toBeUndefined()
 
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("togetherai", "model"), package: "@ai-sdk/togetherai", options: { name: "togetherai" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("togetherai"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/togetherai",
+        options: { name: "togetherai" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -46,47 +81,44 @@ describe("TogetherAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates bundled TogetherAI SDKs for custom provider IDs", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const observed: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(TogetherAIPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              observed.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("model").provider)
-            }),
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-togetherai"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
         }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/togetherai",
+        options: { name: "custom-togetherai" },
       })
 
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-togetherai", "model"),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/togetherai",
-          options: { name: "custom-togetherai" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-
-      expect(observed).toEqual(["togetherai.chat"])
+      expect(result.sdk.languageModel("model").provider).toBe("togetherai.chat")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("defaults language selection to sdk.languageModel with the model API ID", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(TogetherAIPlugin)
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: model("togetherai", "meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo"),
-          sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(
+            ProviderV2.ID.make("togetherai"),
+            ModelV2.ID.make("meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo"),
+          ),
+          api: {
+            id: ModelV2.ID.make("meta-llama/Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct-Turbo"),
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "test-provider",
+          },
+        }),
+        sdk: { languageModel: fakeSelectorSdk(calls).languageModel },
+        options: {},
+      })
 
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-venice.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-venice.test.ts
index ff4a922ab1e..a8a7c1f0bd1 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-venice.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-venice.test.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,51 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { VenicePlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/venice"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk, it, model } from "./provider-helper"
+import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* VenicePlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
 
 describe("VenicePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates a Venice SDK for venice-ai-sdk-provider", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(VenicePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("venice", "model"), package: "venice-ai-sdk-provider", options: { name: "venice" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("venice"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "venice-ai-sdk-provider",
+        options: { name: "venice" },
+      })
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
     }),
   )
@@ -21,49 +53,42 @@ describe("VenicePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("uses the model provider ID as the bundled Venice SDK name", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const observed: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(VenicePlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add({
-        id: PluginV2.ID.make("inspector"),
-        effect: Effect.succeed({
-          "aisdk.sdk": (evt) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => {
-              observed.push(evt.sdk.languageModel("model").provider)
-            }),
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-venice"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
         }),
+        package: "venice-ai-sdk-provider",
+        options: { name: "custom-venice", apiKey: "test" },
       })
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("custom-venice", "model"),
-          package: "venice-ai-sdk-provider",
-          options: { name: "custom-venice", apiKey: "test" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
       expect(result.sdk).toBeDefined()
-      expect(observed).toEqual(["custom-venice.chat"])
+      expect(result.sdk.languageModel("model").provider).toBe("custom-venice.chat")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("only handles the bundled venice-ai-sdk-provider package", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(VenicePlugin)
-      const similar = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: model("venice", "model"),
-          package: "file:///tmp/venice-ai-sdk-provider.js",
-          options: { name: "venice" },
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-      const other = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("venice", "model"), package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", options: { name: "venice" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const similar = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("venice"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "file:///tmp/venice-ai-sdk-provider.js",
+        options: { name: "venice" },
+      })
+      const other = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("venice"), ModelV2.ID.make("model")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: { name: "venice" },
+      })
       expect(similar.sdk).toBeUndefined()
       expect(other.sdk).toBeUndefined()
     }),
@@ -72,13 +97,17 @@ describe("VenicePlugin", () => {
   it.effect("leaves Venice language selection to the default languageModel fallback", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
-      yield* plugin.add(VenicePlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        { model: model("venice", "alias"), sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls), options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("venice"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("alias"), type: "aisdk", package: "test-provider" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
     }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-vercel.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-vercel.test.ts
index fe0e599ffb5..3611172e9ca 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-vercel.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-vercel.test.ts
@@ -1,29 +1,36 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
+import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { VercelPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/vercel"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { it, model, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* VercelPlugin.effect(host)
+})
 
 describe("VercelPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("applies legacy lower-case referer headers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(VercelPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("vercel", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/vercel" },
-          request: { headers: { Existing: "1" }, body: {} },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
-          draft.request = item.request
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/vercel" }
+          provider.request.headers.Existing = "1"
         })
       })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel")))?.request.headers).toEqual({
         Existing: "1",
         "http-referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "x-title": "opencode",
@@ -33,32 +40,33 @@ describe("VercelPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("does not add legacy upper-case referer headers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(VercelPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("vercel", { api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/vercel" } })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
-        })
-      })
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"))).request.headers).not.toHaveProperty(
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) =>
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/vercel" }
+        }),
+      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel")))?.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty(
         "HTTP-Referer",
       )
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel"))).request.headers).not.toHaveProperty("X-Title")
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("vercel")))?.request.headers).not.toHaveProperty("X-Title")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("creates @ai-sdk/vercel SDKs for custom provider IDs", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(VercelPlugin)
-      const event = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model: model("custom-vercel", "v0-1.0-md"), package: "@ai-sdk/vercel", options: { name: "custom-vercel" } },
-        {},
-      )
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const event = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-vercel"), ModelV2.ID.make("v0-1.0-md")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("v0-1.0-md"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/vercel" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/vercel",
+        options: { name: "custom-vercel" },
+      })
       expect(event.sdk).toBeDefined()
       expect(event.sdk.languageModel("v0-1.0-md").provider).toBe("vercel.chat")
     }),
@@ -66,12 +74,10 @@ describe("VercelPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("ignores non-Vercel providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(VercelPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(provider("gateway").id, () => {}))
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("gateway"))).request.headers).toEqual({})
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("gateway"), () => {}))
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("gateway")))?.request.headers).toEqual({})
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-xai.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-xai.test.ts
index e505f8538a4..b5f79e4c092 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-xai.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-xai.test.ts
@@ -1,37 +1,61 @@
+import { AISDK } from "@opencode-ai/core/aisdk"
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
-import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { XAIPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/xai"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
-import { fakeSelectorSdk } from "./provider-helper"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
 
-const it = testEffect(PluginV2.locationLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer)))
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
 
-const model = new ModelV2.Info({
-  ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
-  api: {
-    id: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"),
-    type: "aisdk",
-    package: "@ai-sdk/xai",
-  },
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* XAIPlugin.effect(host)
 })
 
+function fakeSelectorSdk(calls: string[]) {
+  const make = (method: string) => (id: string) => {
+    calls.push(`${method}:${id}`)
+    return { modelId: id, provider: method, specificationVersion: "v3" } as unknown as LanguageModelV3
+  }
+  return {
+    responses: make("responses"),
+    messages: make("messages"),
+    chat: make("chat"),
+    languageModel: make("languageModel"),
+  }
+}
+
 describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates an xAI SDK only for @ai-sdk/xai", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(XAIPlugin)
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      const ignored = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        { model, package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", options: {} },
-        {},
-      )
+      const ignored = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/xai" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        options: {},
+      })
 
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger("aisdk.sdk", { model, package: "@ai-sdk/xai", options: {} }, {})
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/xai" },
+        }),
+        package: "@ai-sdk/xai",
+        options: {},
+      })
 
       expect(ignored.sdk).toBeUndefined()
       expect(typeof result.sdk?.responses).toBe("function")
@@ -41,52 +65,37 @@ describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("creates xAI SDKs for custom provider IDs", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
-      const providers: string[] = []
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      yield* plugin.add(XAIPlugin)
-      yield* plugin.add(
-        PluginV2.define({
-          id: PluginV2.ID.make("xai-sdk-name-observer"),
-          effect: Effect.gen(function* () {
-            return {
-              "aisdk.sdk": Effect.fn(function* (evt) {
-                if (!evt.sdk) return
-                providers.push(evt.sdk.responses("grok-4").provider)
-              }),
-            }
-          }),
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runSDK({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/xai" },
         }),
-      )
+        package: "@ai-sdk/xai",
+        options: {},
+      })
 
-      yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.sdk",
-        {
-          model: new ModelV2.Info({ ...model, providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("custom-xai") }),
-          package: "@ai-sdk/xai",
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
-
-      expect(providers).toEqual(["xai.responses"])
+      expect(result.sdk.responses("grok-4").provider).toBe("xai.responses")
     }),
   )
 
   it.effect("uses responses with the model api.id for xAI language models", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
 
-      yield* plugin.add(XAIPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: new ModelV2.Info({ ...model, id: ModelV2.ID.make("alias") }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.make("xai"), ModelV2.ID.make("alias")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/xai" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
 
       expect(calls).toEqual(["responses:grok-4"])
       expect(result.language).toBeDefined()
@@ -96,18 +105,18 @@ describe("XAIPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("ignores non-xAI providers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+      const aisdk = yield* AISDK.Service
       const calls: string[] = []
 
-      yield* plugin.add(XAIPlugin)
-      const result = yield* plugin.trigger(
-        "aisdk.language",
-        {
-          model: new ModelV2.Info({ ...model, providerID: ProviderV2.ID.openai }),
-          sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
-          options: {},
-        },
-        {},
-      )
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = yield* aisdk.runLanguage({
+        model: new ModelV2.Info({
+          ...ModelV2.Info.empty(ProviderV2.ID.openai, ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4")),
+          api: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("grok-4"), type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/xai" },
+        }),
+        sdk: fakeSelectorSdk(calls),
+        options: {},
+      })
 
       expect(calls).toEqual([])
       expect(result.language).toBeUndefined()
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-zenmux.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-zenmux.test.ts
index 101d652615f..b9d34a1f5bb 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-zenmux.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-zenmux.test.ts
@@ -2,36 +2,45 @@ import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
+import { PluginHost } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/host"
 import { ProviderPlugins } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider"
 import { ZenmuxPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/provider/zenmux"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
-import { expectPluginRegistered, it, provider } from "./provider-helper"
+import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { PluginTestLayer } from "./fixture"
+
+const it = testEffect(PluginTestLayer)
+
+const addPlugin = Effect.fn(function* () {
+  const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
+  const host = yield* PluginHost.make(plugin)
+  yield* ZenmuxPlugin.effect(host)
+})
+
+function required<T>(value: T | undefined): T {
+  if (value === undefined) throw new Error("Expected value")
+  return value
+}
 
 describe("ZenmuxPlugin", () => {
   it.effect("is registered so legacy referer headers can be applied", () =>
-    Effect.sync(() =>
-      expectPluginRegistered(
-        ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id),
-        "zenmux",
-      ),
-    ),
+    Effect.sync(() => expect(ProviderPlugins.map((item) => item.id)).toContain(PluginV2.ID.make("zenmux"))),
   )
 
   it.effect("applies the exact legacy Zenmux headers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(ZenmuxPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("zenmux", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://zenmux.ai/api/v1" },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://zenmux.ai/api/v1",
+          }
         })
       })
-      const result = yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"))
+      yield* addPlugin()
+      const result = required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux")))
       expect(result.request.headers).toEqual({ "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/", "X-Title": "opencode" })
       expect(Object.keys(result.request.headers).sort()).toEqual(["HTTP-Referer", "X-Title"])
     }),
@@ -39,22 +48,20 @@ describe("ZenmuxPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("merges legacy Zenmux headers with existing headers", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(ZenmuxPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("zenmux", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://zenmux.ai/api/v1" },
-          request: { headers: { Existing: "value" }, body: {} },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
-          draft.request = item.request
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://zenmux.ai/api/v1",
+          }
+          provider.request.headers.Existing = "value"
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"))).request.headers).toEqual({
         Existing: "value",
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://opencode.ai/",
         "X-Title": "opencode",
@@ -64,25 +71,20 @@ describe("ZenmuxPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("lets configured Zenmux legacy headers override defaults", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(ZenmuxPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("zenmux", {
-          api: { type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", url: "https://zenmux.ai/api/v1" },
-          request: {
-            headers: { "HTTP-Referer": "https://example.com/", "X-Title": "custom-title" },
-            body: {},
-          },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.api = item.api
-          draft.request = item.request
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"), (provider) => {
+          provider.api = {
+            type: "aisdk",
+            package: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+            url: "https://zenmux.ai/api/v1",
+          }
+          provider.request.headers = { "HTTP-Referer": "https://example.com/", "X-Title": "custom-title" }
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"))).request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.make("zenmux"))).request.headers).toEqual({
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://example.com/",
         "X-Title": "custom-title",
       })
@@ -91,23 +93,15 @@ describe("ZenmuxPlugin", () => {
 
   it.effect("guards legacy Zenmux headers to the exact zenmux provider id", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const plugin = yield* PluginV2.Service
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-      yield* plugin.add(ZenmuxPlugin)
-      const transform = yield* catalog.transform()
-      yield* transform((catalog) => {
-        const item = provider("openrouter", {
-          request: {
-            headers: { "HTTP-Referer": "https://example.com/", "X-Title": "custom-title" },
-            body: {},
-          },
-        })
-        catalog.provider.update(item.id, (draft) => {
-          draft.request = item.request
+      yield* catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+        catalog.provider.update(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter, (provider) => {
+          provider.request.headers = { "HTTP-Referer": "https://example.com/", "X-Title": "custom-title" }
         })
       })
+      yield* addPlugin()
 
-      expect((yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter)).request.headers).toEqual({
+      expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(ProviderV2.ID.openrouter)).request.headers).toEqual({
         "HTTP-Referer": "https://example.com/",
         "X-Title": "custom-title",
       })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/skill.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/skill.test.ts
index 63d028e4ec0..19ce82d81a6 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/skill.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/skill.test.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { SkillPlugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/skill"
 import { SkillV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/skill"
 import { SkillDiscovery } from "@opencode-ai/core/skill/discovery"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { host } from "./host"
 
 const it = testEffect(
   SkillV2.layer.pipe(
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ describe("SkillPlugin.Plugin", () => {
   it.effect("registers the built-in customize-opencode skill", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
-      yield* SkillPlugin.Plugin.effect.pipe(Effect.provideService(SkillV2.Service, skill))
+      yield* SkillPlugin.Plugin.effect(host({ skill: { ...skill, reload: skill.reload } }))
 
       expect(yield* skill.list()).toContainEqual(
         expect.objectContaining({
diff --git a/packages/core/test/preload.ts b/packages/core/test/preload.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..39b237d70a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/preload.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import path from "path"
+
+process.env.OPENCODE_DB = ":memory:"
+process.env.OPENCODE_MODELS_PATH = path.join(import.meta.dir, "plugin", "fixtures", "models-dev.json")
+process.env.OPENCODE_DISABLE_MODELS_FETCH = "true"
diff --git a/packages/core/test/process/process.test.ts b/packages/core/test/process/process.test.ts
index f8377f718aa..92511241409 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/process/process.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/process/process.test.ts
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ describe("AppProcess", () => {
             const script = `const fs=require('fs');fs.writeFileSync(${JSON.stringify(ready)},String(process.pid));process.on('SIGTERM',()=>{fs.writeFileSync(${JSON.stringify(settled)},'settled');process.exit(0)});setInterval(()=>{},60000)`
             return Effect.gen(function* () {
               const svc = yield* AppProcess.Service
-              const exit = yield* Effect.exit(svc.run(cmd("-e", script), { timeout: "1 second" }))
+              const exit = yield* Effect.exit(svc.run(cmd("-e", script), { timeout: "250 millis" }))
               expect(Exit.isFailure(exit)).toBe(true)
               expect(yield* waitForFile(ready)).toMatch(/^\d+$/)
               expect(yield* waitForFile(settled)).toBe("settled")
diff --git a/packages/core/test/project-copy.test.ts b/packages/core/test/project-copy.test.ts
index 47f2176c376..8c01e92c501 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/project-copy.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/project-copy.test.ts
@@ -16,17 +16,16 @@ import { ProjectDirectories } from "@opencode-ai/core/project/directories"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const databaseLayer = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const eventLayer = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(databaseLayer))
-const directoriesLayer = ProjectDirectories.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(databaseLayer))
 const copyLayer = ProjectCopy.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(databaseLayer),
-  Layer.provide(directoriesLayer),
-  Layer.provide(eventLayer),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(ProjectDirectories.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(Git.defaultLayer),
 )
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(copyLayer, databaseLayer, eventLayer, directoriesLayer))
+const it = testEffect(
+  Layer.mergeAll(copyLayer, Database.defaultLayer, EventV2.defaultLayer, ProjectDirectories.defaultLayer),
+)
 
 function abs(input: string) {
   return AbsolutePath.make(input)
diff --git a/packages/core/test/project-directories.test.ts b/packages/core/test/project-directories.test.ts
index c1d2d8801f9..491c2e26022 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/project-directories.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/project-directories.test.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,7 @@ import { ProjectTable } from "@opencode-ai/core/project/sql"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const directories = ProjectDirectories.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(events))
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(database, events, directories))
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Database.defaultLayer, EventV2.defaultLayer, ProjectDirectories.defaultLayer))
 
 const projectID = Project.ID.make("project-directories")
 const directory = AbsolutePath.make("/tmp/project-directories")
diff --git a/packages/core/test/project.test.ts b/packages/core/test/project.test.ts
index 45fba0d18ff..8c52f4a98ae 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/project.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/project.test.ts
@@ -13,20 +13,7 @@ import { ProjectDirectories } from "@opencode-ai/core/project/directories"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const databaseLayer = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const directoriesLayer = ProjectDirectories.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(databaseLayer))
-const it = testEffect(
-  Layer.mergeAll(
-    ProjectV2.layer.pipe(
-      Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer),
-      Layer.provide(Git.defaultLayer),
-      Layer.provide(directoriesLayer),
-      Layer.provide(databaseLayer),
-    ),
-    databaseLayer,
-    directoriesLayer,
-  ),
-)
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(ProjectV2.defaultLayer, Database.defaultLayer, ProjectDirectories.defaultLayer))
 
 function remoteID(remote: string) {
   return ProjectV2.ID.make(Hash.fast(`git-remote:${remote}`))
diff --git a/packages/core/test/public-opencode.test.ts b/packages/core/test/public-opencode.test.ts
index c5f90e92c48..fb9397e5727 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/public-opencode.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/public-opencode.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
-import fs from "fs/promises"
-import path from "path"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 import { AbsolutePath, Location, Model, OpenCode, Session, Tool } from "@opencode-ai/core/public"
-import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(OpenCode.layer)
@@ -41,94 +38,24 @@ describe("public native OpenCode API", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("switches to an available model and variant", () =>
-    Effect.acquireRelease(
-      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
-      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.flatMap((tmp) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* writeProvider(tmp.path)
-          const opencode = yield* OpenCode.Service
-          const sessionID = Session.ID.make("ses_public_switch_available")
-          const model = ref({ variant: "fast" })
-          yield* opencode.sessions.create({
-            id: sessionID,
-            location: Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(tmp.path) }),
-          })
+  it.effect("records model selection without resolving the Location catalog", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const opencode = yield* OpenCode.Service
+      const sessionID = Session.ID.make("ses_public_switch_deferred")
+      const model = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Model.Ref)({
+        id: "missing",
+        providerID: "missing",
+        variant: "unknown",
+      })
+      yield* opencode.sessions.create({
+        id: sessionID,
+        location: Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/public-session-switch-model") }),
+      })
 
-          yield* opencode.sessions.switchModel({ sessionID, model })
+      yield* opencode.sessions.switchModel({ sessionID, model })
 
-          expect((yield* opencode.sessions.get(sessionID)).model).toEqual(model)
-        }),
-      ),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("rejects missing and Location-disabled models without changing the Session", () =>
-    Effect.acquireRelease(
-      Effect.promise(() => Promise.all([tmpdir(), tmpdir()])),
-      (dirs) => Effect.promise(() => Promise.all(dirs.map((dir) => dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]())).then(() => undefined)),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.flatMap(([available, disabled]) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* writeProvider(available.path)
-          yield* writeProvider(disabled.path, true)
-          const opencode = yield* OpenCode.Service
-          const availableID = Session.ID.make("ses_public_switch_exact_available")
-          const disabledID = Session.ID.make("ses_public_switch_exact_disabled")
-          yield* opencode.sessions.create({
-            id: availableID,
-            location: Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(available.path) }),
-          })
-          yield* opencode.sessions.create({
-            id: disabledID,
-            location: Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(disabled.path) }),
-          })
-
-          yield* opencode.sessions.switchModel({ sessionID: availableID, model: ref({ variant: "default" }) })
-          const disabledError = yield* opencode.sessions
-            .switchModel({ sessionID: disabledID, model: ref() })
-            .pipe(Effect.flip)
-          const missingError = yield* opencode.sessions
-            .switchModel({ sessionID: disabledID, model: ref({ id: "missing" }) })
-            .pipe(Effect.flip)
-
-          expect(disabledError).toBeInstanceOf(Session.ModelUnavailableError)
-          expect(missingError).toBeInstanceOf(Session.ModelUnavailableError)
-          expect((yield* opencode.sessions.get(availableID)).model).toEqual(ref({ variant: "default" }))
-          expect((yield* opencode.sessions.get(disabledID)).model).toBeUndefined()
-        }),
-      ),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("rejects an unavailable variant without changing the Session", () =>
-    Effect.acquireRelease(
-      Effect.promise(() => tmpdir()),
-      (tmp) => Effect.promise(() => tmp[Symbol.asyncDispose]()),
-    ).pipe(
-      Effect.flatMap((tmp) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* writeProvider(tmp.path)
-          const opencode = yield* OpenCode.Service
-          const sessionID = Session.ID.make("ses_public_switch_variant")
-          const selected = ref({ variant: "fast" })
-          yield* opencode.sessions.create({
-            id: sessionID,
-            location: Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(tmp.path) }),
-          })
-          yield* opencode.sessions.switchModel({ sessionID, model: selected })
-
-          const error = yield* opencode.sessions
-            .switchModel({ sessionID, model: ref({ variant: "unknown" }) })
-            .pipe(Effect.flip)
-
-          expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Session.VariantUnavailableError)
-          expect((yield* opencode.sessions.get(sessionID)).model).toEqual(selected)
-        }),
-      ),
-    ),
+      expect((yield* opencode.sessions.get(sessionID)).model).toEqual(model)
+    }),
   )
 
   it.effect("preserves the typed not-found error for a missing Session", () =>
@@ -147,31 +74,3 @@ describe("public native OpenCode API", () => {
     }),
   )
 })
-
-const ref = (input: { id?: string; variant?: string } = {}) =>
-  Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Model.Ref)({
-    id: input.id ?? "chat",
-    providerID: "public-test",
-    variant: input.variant,
-  })
-
-const writeProvider = (directory: string, disabled = false) =>
-  Effect.promise(() =>
-    fs.writeFile(
-      path.join(directory, "opencode.json"),
-      JSON.stringify({
-        providers: {
-          "public-test": {
-            name: "Public test",
-            api: { type: "native", settings: {} },
-            models: {
-              chat: {
-                disabled,
-                variants: [{ id: "fast" }],
-              },
-            },
-          },
-        },
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/question.test.ts b/packages/core/test/question.test.ts
index 57bf399669a..3ad95456f78 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/question.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/question.test.ts
@@ -6,10 +6,8 @@ import { QuestionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/question"
 import { SessionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/session"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const questions = QuestionV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events))
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(database, events, questions))
+const questions = QuestionV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer))
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Database.defaultLayer, EventV2.defaultLayer, questions))
 
 const sessionID = SessionV2.ID.make("ses_question_test")
 const question: QuestionV2.Info = {
diff --git a/packages/core/test/reference-guidance.test.ts b/packages/core/test/reference-guidance.test.ts
index 5e1aba1923c..621f9a6766f 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/reference-guidance.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/reference-guidance.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { Reference } from "@opencode-ai/core/reference"
 import { ReferenceGuidance } from "@opencode-ai/core/reference/guidance"
 import { SystemContext } from "@opencode-ai/core/system-context/index"
@@ -36,7 +35,6 @@ describe("ReferenceGuidance", () => {
             ]),
         }),
       ),
-      Effect.provide(Layer.mock(PluginBoot.Service, { wait: () => Effect.void })),
     ),
   )
 
@@ -48,7 +46,6 @@ describe("ReferenceGuidance", () => {
     }).pipe(
       Effect.provide(ReferenceGuidance.layer),
       Effect.provide(Layer.mock(Reference.Service, { list: () => Effect.succeed([]) })),
-      Effect.provide(Layer.mock(PluginBoot.Service, { wait: () => Effect.void })),
     ),
   )
 
@@ -71,7 +68,6 @@ describe("ReferenceGuidance", () => {
             ]),
         }),
       ),
-      Effect.provide(Layer.mock(PluginBoot.Service, { wait: () => Effect.void })),
     ),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/reference.test.ts b/packages/core/test/reference.test.ts
index dfa8a202a60..a5a94b9d2b3 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/reference.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/reference.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ describe("Reference", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const references = yield* Reference.Service
       const scope = yield* Scope.make()
-      const update = yield* references.transform().pipe(Effect.provideService(Scope.Scope, scope))
       const path = AbsolutePath.make("/docs")
       const source = new Reference.LocalSource({
         type: "local",
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@ describe("Reference", () => {
         description: "Use for API documentation",
         hidden: true,
       })
-      yield* update((editor) => editor.add("docs", source))
+      yield* references.transform((editor) => editor.add("docs", source)).pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
 
       expect(yield* references.list()).toEqual([
         new Reference.Info({ name: "docs", path, description: "Use for API documentation", hidden: true, source }),
@@ -44,10 +43,9 @@ describe("Reference", () => {
   it.effect("derives Git paths without exposing cache operations", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const references = yield* Reference.Service
-      const update = yield* references.transform()
       const repository = Repository.parseRemote("owner/repo")
       const source = new Reference.GitSource({ type: "git", repository: "owner/repo", branch: "main" })
-      yield* update((editor) => editor.add("sdk", source))
+      yield* references.transform((editor) => editor.add("sdk", source))
 
       expect(yield* references.list()).toEqual([
         new Reference.Info({
@@ -68,14 +66,13 @@ describe("Reference", () => {
   it.effect("preserves configured Git descriptions", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const references = yield* Reference.Service
-      const update = yield* references.transform()
       const repository = Repository.parseRemote("owner/repo")
       const source = new Reference.GitSource({
         type: "git",
         repository: "owner/repo",
         description: "Use for SDK implementation details",
       })
-      yield* update((editor) => editor.add("sdk", source))
+      yield* references.transform((editor) => editor.add("sdk", source))
 
       expect(yield* references.list()).toEqual([
         new Reference.Info({
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts
index 3551ec52f3c..1ae6c011fc4 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@ import { WorkspaceV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/workspace"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
 const projects = Layer.succeed(
   ProjectV2.Service,
   ProjectV2.Service.of({
@@ -35,17 +33,23 @@ const projects = Layer.succeed(
     commit: () => Effect.void,
   }),
 )
-const projector = SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(database))
-const store = SessionStore.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
 const sessions = SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(events),
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(store),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(projects),
   Layer.provide(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
 )
 const it = testEffect(
-  Layer.mergeAll(database, events, projects, projector, store, SessionExecution.noopLayer, sessions),
+  Layer.mergeAll(
+    Database.defaultLayer,
+    EventV2.defaultLayer,
+    projects,
+    SessionProjector.defaultLayer,
+    SessionStore.defaultLayer,
+    SessionExecution.noopLayer,
+    sessions,
+  ),
 )
 const location = Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") })
 const id = SessionV2.ID.create()
@@ -220,8 +224,8 @@ describe("SessionV2.create", () => {
       expect(
         Array.from(yield* session.events({ sessionID: created.id }).pipe(Stream.take(2), Stream.runCollect)),
       ).toMatchObject([
-        { cursor: 1, event: { type: "session.next.prompt.admitted", data: { prompt: { text: "Hello" } } } },
-        { cursor: 2, event: { type: "session.next.prompt.promoted" } },
+        { durable: { seq: 1 }, type: "session.next.prompt.admitted", data: { prompt: { text: "Hello" } } },
+        { durable: { seq: 2 }, type: "session.next.prompted" },
       ])
     }),
   )
@@ -304,8 +308,8 @@ describe("SessionV2.create", () => {
             .pipe(Effect.orDie)).map((event) => [event.seq, event.type]),
         ).toEqual([
           [0, EventV2.versionedType(SessionV1.Event.Created.type, 1)],
-          [1, EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Admitted.type, 1)],
-          [2, EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted.type, 1)],
+          [1, EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.PromptAdmitted.type, 1)],
+          [2, EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.Prompted.type, 1)],
         ])
       }).pipe(Effect.provide(Layer.fresh(Layer.mergeAll(targetDatabase, targetEvents, targetProjector, targetStore))))
     }),
@@ -336,7 +340,34 @@ describe("SessionV2.create", () => {
 
       expect(yield* unavailable(session.shell({ sessionID: created.id, command: "pwd" }))).toBe("shell")
       expect(yield* unavailable(session.skill({ sessionID: created.id, skill: "review" }))).toBe("skill")
-      expect(yield* unavailable(session.switchAgent({ sessionID: created.id, agent: "build" }))).toBe("switchAgent")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("switches the selected agent through the durable Session event", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
+      const created = yield* session.create({ location })
+
+      yield* session.switchAgent({ sessionID: created.id, agent: "plan" })
+
+      expect(yield* session.get(created.id)).toMatchObject({ agent: "plan" })
+      expect(
+        Array.from(yield* session.events({ sessionID: created.id }).pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect)),
+      ).toMatchObject([{ type: "session.next.agent.switched", data: { agent: "plan" } }])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("rejects an agent switch for a missing Session", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
+      const missing = SessionV2.ID.make("ses_missing_agent_switch")
+
+      expect(
+        yield* session.switchAgent({ sessionID: missing, agent: "plan" }).pipe(
+          Effect.flip,
+          Effect.map((error) => error._tag),
+        ),
+      ).toBe("Session.NotFoundError")
     }),
   )
 
@@ -355,7 +386,7 @@ describe("SessionV2.create", () => {
       expect(yield* session.get(created.id)).toMatchObject({ model })
       expect(
         Array.from(yield* session.events({ sessionID: created.id }).pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect)),
-      ).toMatchObject([{ event: { type: "session.next.model.switched", data: { model } } }])
+      ).toMatchObject([{ type: "session.next.model.switched", data: { model } }])
     }),
   )
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-logging.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-logging.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d6cff2e4e0..00000000000
--- a/packages/core/test/session-logging.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Cause, Effect, Logger } from "effect"
-import { logFailure } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/logging"
-import { SessionSchema } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/schema"
-
-describe("Session logging", () => {
-  for (const message of ["Failed to drain Session", "Failed to wake Session"] as const) {
-    test(`renders the cause for ${message}`, async () => {
-      const entries: Array<ReturnType<typeof Logger.formatStructured.log>> = []
-      const logger = Logger.formatStructured.pipe(
-        Logger.map((entry): void => {
-          entries.push(entry)
-        }),
-      )
-
-      await logFailure(
-        message,
-        SessionSchema.ID.make("session-123"),
-        Cause.fail({ _tag: "SessionFailure", detail: { code: "nested-code" } }),
-      ).pipe(Effect.provide(Logger.layer([logger])), Effect.runPromise)
-
-      expect(entries).toHaveLength(1)
-      expect(entries[0]?.message).toBe(message)
-      expect(entries[0]?.annotations).toEqual({ sessionID: "session-123" })
-      expect(entries[0]?.cause).toContain("SessionFailure")
-      expect(entries[0]?.cause).toContain("nested-code")
-      expect(entries[0]?.cause).not.toContain("[Object")
-    })
-  }
-})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-projector.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-projector.test.ts
index f84f60f3082..76c3290a707 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-projector.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-projector.test.ts
@@ -21,10 +21,7 @@ import { SessionStore } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/store"
 import { SessionInputTable, SessionMessageTable, SessionTable } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/sql"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const projector = SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(database))
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(database, events, projector))
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Database.defaultLayer, EventV2.defaultLayer, SessionProjector.defaultLayer))
 const sessionID = SessionV2.ID.make("ses_projector_test")
 const created = DateTime.makeUnsafe(0)
 const model = { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("provider") }
@@ -113,17 +110,17 @@ describe("SessionProjector", () => {
     }).pipe(
       Effect.provide(
         SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-          Layer.provide(events),
-          Layer.provide(database),
+          Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
+          Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
           Layer.provide(Project.defaultLayer),
-          Layer.provide(SessionStore.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))),
+          Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
           Layer.provide(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
         ),
       ),
     ),
   )
 
-  it.effect("marks an admitted lifecycle row promoted with the PromptPromoted event sequence", () =>
+  it.effect("marks an inbox row promoted with the Prompted event sequence", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
       yield* db
@@ -145,24 +142,25 @@ describe("SessionProjector", () => {
         .pipe(Effect.orDie)
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const id = SessionMessage.ID.make("msg_admitted")
-      yield* SessionInput.admit(db, events, {
+      const admitted = yield* SessionInput.admit(db, events, {
         id,
         sessionID,
         prompt: new Prompt({ text: "promote me" }),
         delivery: "steer",
       })
+      if (!admitted) return yield* Effect.die("Prompt admission failed")
 
-      const event = yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted, {
+      const event = yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Prompted, {
         sessionID,
-        timestamp: created,
+        timestamp: admitted.timeCreated,
         messageID: id,
         prompt: new Prompt({ text: "promote me" }),
-        timeCreated: created,
+        delivery: "steer",
       })
 
       expect(
         yield* db.select().from(SessionInputTable).where(eq(SessionInputTable.id, id)).get().pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toMatchObject({ promoted_seq: event.seq })
+      ).toMatchObject({ promoted_seq: event.durable?.seq })
     }),
   )
 
@@ -334,134 +332,6 @@ describe("SessionProjector", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("rejects a Prompted event that conflicts with an admitted inbox row", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* db
-        .insert(ProjectTable)
-        .values({ id: Project.ID.global, worktree: AbsolutePath.make("/project"), sandboxes: [] })
-        .run()
-        .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      yield* db
-        .insert(SessionTable)
-        .values({
-          id: sessionID,
-          project_id: Project.ID.global,
-          slug: "test",
-          directory: "/project",
-          title: "test",
-          version: "test",
-        })
-        .run()
-        .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const id = SessionMessage.ID.make("msg_conflict")
-      yield* SessionInput.admit(db, events, {
-        id,
-        sessionID,
-        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "admitted" }),
-        delivery: "steer",
-      })
-
-      const exit = yield* events
-        .publish(SessionEvent.Prompted, {
-          sessionID,
-          messageID: id,
-          timestamp: created,
-          prompt: new Prompt({ text: "different" }),
-          delivery: "steer",
-        })
-        .pipe(Effect.exit)
-
-      expect(String(exit)).toContain("SessionInput.LifecycleConflict")
-      expect(
-        yield* db.select().from(SessionInputTable).where(eq(SessionInputTable.id, id)).get().pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toMatchObject({ promoted_seq: null })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("rejects an assistant message ID that conflicts with an admitted inbox row", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* db
-        .insert(ProjectTable)
-        .values({ id: Project.ID.global, worktree: AbsolutePath.make("/project"), sandboxes: [] })
-        .run()
-        .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      yield* db
-        .insert(SessionTable)
-        .values({
-          id: sessionID,
-          project_id: Project.ID.global,
-          slug: "test",
-          directory: "/project",
-          title: "test",
-          version: "test",
-        })
-        .run()
-        .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const id = SessionMessage.ID.make("msg_conflict")
-      yield* SessionInput.admit(db, events, {
-        id,
-        sessionID,
-        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "admitted" }),
-        delivery: "steer",
-      })
-
-      const exit = yield* events
-        .publish(SessionEvent.Step.Started, {
-          sessionID,
-          timestamp: created,
-          assistantMessageID: id,
-          agent: "build",
-          model,
-        })
-        .pipe(Effect.exit)
-
-      expect(String(exit)).toContain("SessionInput.LifecycleConflict")
-      expect(
-        yield* db.select().from(SessionMessageTable).where(eq(SessionMessageTable.id, id)).get().pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toBeUndefined()
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("rejects a Prompted delivery mode that conflicts with an admitted inbox row", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* db
-        .insert(ProjectTable)
-        .values({ id: Project.ID.global, worktree: AbsolutePath.make("/project"), sandboxes: [] })
-        .run()
-        .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      yield* db
-        .insert(SessionTable)
-        .values({
-          id: sessionID,
-          project_id: Project.ID.global,
-          slug: "test",
-          directory: "/project",
-          title: "test",
-          version: "test",
-        })
-        .run()
-        .pipe(Effect.orDie)
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const id = SessionMessage.ID.make("msg_delivery_conflict")
-      const prompt = new Prompt({ text: "admitted" })
-      yield* SessionInput.admit(db, events, { id, sessionID, prompt, delivery: "queue" })
-
-      const exit = yield* events
-        .publish(SessionEvent.Prompted, { sessionID, messageID: id, timestamp: created, prompt, delivery: "steer" })
-        .pipe(Effect.exit)
-
-      expect(String(exit)).toContain("SessionInput.LifecycleConflict")
-      expect(
-        yield* db.select().from(SessionInputTable).where(eq(SessionInputTable.id, id)).get().pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toMatchObject({ delivery: "queue", promoted_seq: null })
-    }),
-  )
-
   it.effect("does not revive a stale incomplete in-memory assistant projection", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const stale = new SessionMessage.Assistant({
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-prompt.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-prompt.test.ts
index d663cb715bb..842474396e2 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-prompt.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-prompt.test.ts
@@ -18,15 +18,9 @@ import { SessionInputTable, SessionMessageTable, SessionTable } from "@opencode-
 import { SessionStore } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/store"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const projector = SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(database))
-const store = SessionStore.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
 const executionCalls: SessionV2.ID[] = []
 const interruptCalls: SessionV2.ID[] = []
-const interruptSeqs: Array<number | undefined> = []
 const wakeCalls: SessionV2.ID[] = []
-const wakeSeqs: Array<number | undefined> = []
 const execution = Layer.succeed(
   SessionExecution.Service,
   SessionExecution.Service.of({
@@ -34,26 +28,33 @@ const execution = Layer.succeed(
       Effect.sync(() => {
         executionCalls.push(sessionID)
       }),
-    interrupt: (sessionID, seq) =>
+    interrupt: (sessionID) =>
       Effect.sync(() => {
         interruptCalls.push(sessionID)
-        interruptSeqs.push(seq)
       }),
-    wake: (sessionID, seq) =>
+    wake: (sessionID) =>
       Effect.sync(() => {
         wakeCalls.push(sessionID)
-        wakeSeqs.push(seq)
       }),
   }),
 )
 const sessions = SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(events),
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(store),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(Project.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(execution),
 )
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(database, events, projector, store, execution, sessions))
+const it = testEffect(
+  Layer.mergeAll(
+    Database.defaultLayer,
+    EventV2.defaultLayer,
+    SessionProjector.defaultLayer,
+    SessionStore.defaultLayer,
+    execution,
+    sessions,
+  ),
+)
 const sessionID = SessionV2.ID.make("ses_prompt_test")
 const messageID = SessionMessage.ID.create()
 
@@ -104,15 +105,6 @@ const eventCount = (type: string) =>
       ),
   )
 
-const interruptEvent = Database.Service.use(({ db }) =>
-  db
-    .select()
-    .from(EventTable)
-    .where(eq(EventTable.type, "session.next.interrupt.requested.1"))
-    .get()
-    .pipe(Effect.orDie),
-)
-
 describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
   it.effect("delegates execution continuation through SessionExecution", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -126,19 +118,14 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("delegates interruption through SessionExecution", () =>
+  it.effect("delegates process-local interruption through SessionExecution", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       interruptCalls.length = 0
-      interruptSeqs.length = 0
 
       yield* session.interrupt(sessionID)
       expect(interruptCalls).toEqual([sessionID])
-      expect(interruptSeqs).toHaveLength(1)
-      expect(typeof interruptSeqs[0]).toBe("number")
-      expect(yield* eventCount("session.next.interrupt.requested.1")).toBe(1)
-      expect(yield* interruptEvent).toMatchObject({ aggregate_id: sessionID, seq: interruptSeqs[0] })
       expect(yield* session.messages({ sessionID })).toEqual([])
     }),
   )
@@ -147,11 +134,9 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       interruptCalls.length = 0
-      interruptSeqs.length = 0
 
       yield* session.interrupt(SessionV2.ID.make("ses_missing"))
       expect(interruptCalls).toEqual([SessionV2.ID.make("ses_missing")])
-      expect(interruptSeqs).toEqual([undefined])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -177,7 +162,7 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("streams durable Session events after an aggregate cursor", () =>
+  it.effect("streams durable Session events after an aggregate sequence", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -191,17 +176,19 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
       yield* SessionInput.promoteSteers(db, events, sessionID, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
       const streamed = Array.from(yield* Fiber.join(fiber))
 
-      expect(streamed.map((event) => [event.cursor, event.event.type])).toEqual([
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(0), "session.next.prompt.admitted"],
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(1), "session.next.prompt.admitted"],
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(2), "session.next.prompt.promoted"],
-        [EventV2.Cursor.make(3), "session.next.prompt.promoted"],
+      expect(streamed.map((event) => [event.durable?.seq, event.type])).toEqual([
+        [0, "session.next.prompt.admitted"],
+        [1, "session.next.prompt.admitted"],
+        [2, "session.next.prompted"],
+        [3, "session.next.prompted"],
       ])
       expect(
         Array.from(
-          yield* session.events({ sessionID, after: streamed[0]!.cursor }).pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect),
-        ).map((event) => [event.cursor, event.event.type]),
-      ).toEqual([[EventV2.Cursor.make(1), "session.next.prompt.admitted"]])
+          yield* session
+            .events({ sessionID, after: streamed[0]!.durable?.seq })
+            .pipe(Stream.take(1), Stream.runCollect),
+        ).map((event) => [event.durable?.seq, event.type]),
+      ).toEqual([[1, "session.next.prompt.admitted"]])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -347,7 +334,7 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
       expect(messages[1]).toEqual(messages[0])
       expect(yield* session.messages({ sessionID })).toEqual([])
       expect(yield* admittedCount).toBe(1)
-      expect(yield* eventCount(EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Admitted.type, 1))).toBe(1)
+      expect(yield* eventCount(EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.PromptAdmitted.type, 1))).toBe(1)
     }),
   )
 
@@ -367,7 +354,7 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
         { concurrency: "unbounded" },
       )
 
-      expect(yield* eventCount(EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted.type, 1))).toBe(1)
+      expect(yield* eventCount(EventV2.versionedType(SessionEvent.Prompted.type, 1))).toBe(1)
       expect(yield* admitted(messageID)).toMatchObject({ promotedSeq: 1 })
       expect(yield* session.messages({ sessionID })).toMatchObject([
         { id: messageID, type: "user", text: "Promote once" },
@@ -375,14 +362,14 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("promotes steers only through the captured aggregate cutoff", () =>
+  it.effect("promotes steers only through the captured inbox cutoff", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const first = yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Before cutoff" }), resume: false })
-      const cutoff = yield* SessionInput.latestSeq(db, sessionID)
+      const cutoff = first.admittedSeq
       const second = yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "After cutoff" }), resume: false })
 
       yield* SessionInput.promoteSteers(db, events, sessionID, cutoff)
@@ -392,7 +379,7 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("reprojects one pending lifecycle without scheduling execution", () =>
+  it.effect("reprojects pending inbox input without scheduling execution", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
@@ -472,58 +459,6 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("rejects an input ID already used by a durable non-prompt event", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Synthetic, {
-        sessionID,
-        messageID,
-        timestamp: yield* DateTime.now,
-        text: "Collision",
-      })
-
-      const failure = yield* session
-        .prompt({ id: messageID, sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Collision" }), resume: false })
-        .pipe(Effect.flip)
-
-      expect(failure._tag).toBe("Session.PromptConflictError")
-      expect(yield* admitted(messageID)).toBeUndefined()
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("rejects a durable event ID reserved by an admitted prompt without poisoning promotion", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const prompt = new Prompt({ text: "Reserved prompt" })
-      yield* session.prompt({ id: messageID, sessionID, prompt, resume: false })
-
-      const failure = yield* events
-        .publish(SessionEvent.Synthetic, {
-          sessionID,
-          messageID,
-          timestamp: yield* DateTime.now,
-          text: "Conflicting synthetic",
-        })
-        .pipe(Effect.catchDefect(Effect.succeed))
-
-      expect(String(failure)).toContain("SessionInput.LifecycleConflict")
-      expect(yield* admitted(messageID)).not.toHaveProperty("promotedSeq")
-      expect(yield* session.messages({ sessionID })).toEqual([])
-
-      yield* SessionInput.promoteSteers(db, events, sessionID, Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)
-
-      expect(yield* admitted(messageID)).toMatchObject({ promotedSeq: 1 })
-      expect(yield* session.messages({ sessionID })).toMatchObject([
-        { id: messageID, type: "user", text: "Reserved prompt" },
-      ])
-    }),
-  )
-
   it.effect("rejects reuse of one globally unique message ID across sessions", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
@@ -554,19 +489,38 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("rejects a prompt ID already used by visible Session history", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* setup
+      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
+      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
+      yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Synthetic, {
+        sessionID,
+        messageID,
+        timestamp: yield* DateTime.now,
+        text: "Existing history",
+      })
+
+      const failure = yield* session
+        .prompt({ id: messageID, sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Conflicting prompt" }), resume: false })
+        .pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(failure).toMatchObject({ _tag: "Session.PromptConflictError", sessionID, messageID })
+      expect(yield* admitted(messageID)).toBeUndefined()
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("starts execution by default after recording the prompt", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       executionCalls.length = 0
       wakeCalls.length = 0
-      wakeSeqs.length = 0
 
-      const admitted = yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Run by default" }) })
+      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Run by default" }) })
 
       expect(executionCalls).toEqual([])
       expect(wakeCalls).toEqual([sessionID])
-      expect(wakeSeqs).toEqual([admitted.admittedSeq])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -576,9 +530,8 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       executionCalls.length = 0
       wakeCalls.length = 0
-      wakeSeqs.length = 0
 
-      const admitted = yield* session.prompt({
+      yield* session.prompt({
         sessionID,
         prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Run explicitly" }),
         resume: true,
@@ -586,7 +539,6 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
 
       expect(executionCalls).toEqual([])
       expect(wakeCalls).toEqual([sessionID])
-      expect(wakeSeqs).toEqual([admitted.admittedSeq])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -596,13 +548,11 @@ describe("SessionV2.prompt", () => {
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       executionCalls.length = 0
       wakeCalls.length = 0
-      wakeSeqs.length = 0
 
       yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Do not run" }), resume: false })
 
       expect(executionCalls).toEqual([])
       expect(wakeCalls).toEqual([])
-      expect(wakeSeqs).toEqual([])
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts
index 39fb5779d3a..909ba648702 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-run-coordinator.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Cause, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Layer, Scope } from "effect"
+import { Cause, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Layer } from "effect"
 import { SessionRunCoordinator } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/run-coordinator"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
@@ -22,14 +22,39 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
 
         expect(runs).toBe(1)
         yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(first)
-        yield* Fiber.join(second)
+        yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(first), Fiber.join(second)])
         expect(runs).toBe(1)
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  it.effect("starts a drain when woken while idle", () =>
+  it.effect("joins a wake-started execution without forcing a successor", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const forces: boolean[] = []
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, never>({
+          drain: (_key, force) =>
+            Effect.sync(() => forces.push(force)).pipe(
+              Effect.andThen(Deferred.succeed(started, undefined)),
+              Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(gate)),
+            ),
+        })
+
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
+        yield* Deferred.await(started)
+        const resumed = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Effect.yieldNow
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
+        yield* Fiber.join(resumed)
+
+        expect(forces).toEqual([false])
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("starts execution when woken while idle", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const drained = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
@@ -41,62 +66,11 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
     ),
   )
 
-  it.effect("does nothing when interrupted while idle", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({ drain: () => Effect.void })
-
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session")
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("suppresses stale wakes after an idle interrupt boundary", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({ drain: () => Effect.sync(() => runs++) })
-
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 1)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-        expect(runs).toBe(0)
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-        expect(runs).toBe(1)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("does not interrupt a wake newer than the interrupt boundary", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const interrupted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(
-              Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(gate)),
-              Effect.onInterrupt(() => Deferred.succeed(interrupted, undefined)),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
-        yield* Deferred.await(started)
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2)
-        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(interrupted)).toBeFalse()
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("preserves a queued wake newer than the interrupt boundary", () =>
+  it.effect("coalesces wakes received during active execution", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const firstGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
         const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
         let runs = 0
         const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
@@ -104,569 +78,33 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
             Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
               Effect.flatMap((run) =>
                 run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never))
+                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(firstGate)))
                   : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
               ),
             ),
         })
 
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 1)
+        const resumed = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
         yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2)
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.exit)
-
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("interrupts only the requested key", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondInterrupted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: (key: string) =>
-            key === "first"
-              ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never))
-              : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                  Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(secondGate)),
-                  Effect.onInterrupt(() => Deferred.succeed(secondInterrupted, undefined)),
-                ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("first")
-        yield* coordinator.wake("second")
-        yield* Effect.all([Deferred.await(firstStarted), Deferred.await(secondStarted)])
-
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("first")
-        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(secondInterrupted)).toBeFalse()
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(secondGate, undefined)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("second")
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("interrupts the active drain and suppresses its queued wake", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const interrupted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-                      Effect.onInterrupt(() => Deferred.succeed(interrupted, undefined)),
-                    )
-                  : Effect.void,
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(interrupted)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-        const exit = yield* Fiber.await(run)
-        expect(Exit.isFailure(exit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-        expect(runs).toBe(1)
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session")
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("suppresses a wake received during interruption cleanup", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const firstInterrupted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                        Deferred.succeed(firstInterrupted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-                      ),
-                    )
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Effect.yieldNow
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 1)
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstInterrupted)
-        expect(runs).toBe(1)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-
-        expect(runs).toBe(1)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("remembers a wake received after the interrupt boundary during cleanup", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const firstInterrupted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                        Deferred.succeed(firstInterrupted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-                      ),
-                    )
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstInterrupted)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
-        const staleInterrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 1).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        expect(runs).toBe(1)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
-        yield* Fiber.join(staleInterrupt)
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("moves the stop barrier forward for repeated interrupts", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const firstInterrupted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                        Deferred.succeed(firstInterrupted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-                      ),
-                    )
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        const firstInterrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 2).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstInterrupted)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 3)
-        const secondInterrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session", 4).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(firstInterrupt)
-        yield* Fiber.join(secondInterrupt)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-        expect(runs).toBe(1)
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session", 5)
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("interrupts an explicit run queued before the interruption request", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1 ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never)) : Effect.void,
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Effect.yieldNow
-
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session")
-        const exit = yield* Fiber.await(run)
-        expect(Exit.isFailure(exit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-        expect(runs).toBe(1)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("settles a pre-interrupt explicit run only after active wake cleanup", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const runSettled = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: () =>
-            Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(
-              Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-              Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(started)
-        const run = yield* coordinator
-          .run("session")
-          .pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.ensuring(Deferred.succeed(runSettled, undefined)), Effect.forkChild)
-        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
-
-        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(runSettled)).toBeFalse()
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-        const runExit = yield* Fiber.join(run)
-        expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("starts an explicit run arriving during interrupt cleanup after the stop barrier", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                        Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-                      ),
-                    )
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
-        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
-        yield* Fiber.join(run)
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("interrupts pre-stop waiters and runs post-stop waiters after cleanup", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                        Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-                      ),
-                    )
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        const before = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.forkChild)
-        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
-        const after = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-
-        const beforeExit = yield* Fiber.join(before)
-        expect(Exit.isFailure(beforeExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(beforeExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
-        yield* Fiber.join(after)
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("waits for interrupt cleanup before settling callers", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const runSettled = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const idleSettled = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const interruptSettled = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: () =>
-            Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(
-              Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-              Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        const run = yield* coordinator
-          .run("session")
-          .pipe(Effect.ensuring(Deferred.succeed(runSettled, undefined)), Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(started)
-        const idle = yield* coordinator
-          .awaitIdle("session")
-          .pipe(Effect.exit, Effect.ensuring(Deferred.succeed(idleSettled, undefined)), Effect.forkChild)
-        const interrupt = yield* coordinator
-          .interrupt("session")
-          .pipe(Effect.ensuring(Deferred.succeed(interruptSettled, undefined)), Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
-
-        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(runSettled)).toBeFalse()
-        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(idleSettled)).toBeFalse()
-        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(interruptSettled)).toBeFalse()
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-        const runExit = yield* Fiber.await(run)
-        const idleExit = yield* Fiber.join(idle)
-        expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-        expect(Exit.isFailure(idleExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(idleExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("joins concurrent interruption requests for one active drain", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: () =>
-            Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(
-              Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-              Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(started)
-        const first = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
-        const second = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-
-        yield* Fiber.join(first)
-        yield* Fiber.join(second)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("does not discard a post-stop explicit run when interrupted again", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
-                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
-                        Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
-                      ),
-                    )
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
-        const firstInterrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
-        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        const secondInterrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
-
-        yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(firstInterrupt), Fiber.join(secondInterrupt), Fiber.join(run)])
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("coalesces wakes received during an active run", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(Effect.flatMap((run) => (run === 1 ? Deferred.await(gate) : Effect.void))),
-        })
-
-        const first = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Effect.yieldNow
         yield* Effect.all([coordinator.wake("session"), coordinator.wake("session"), coordinator.wake("session")], {
           concurrency: "unbounded",
         })
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(first)
-
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("waits for a coalesced ownership chain to become idle", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const idleSettled = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.await(firstGate)
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(secondGate))),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        const idle = yield* coordinator
-          .awaitIdle("session")
-          .pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.succeed(idleSettled, undefined)), Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
         yield* Deferred.succeed(firstGate, undefined)
         yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        expect(yield* Deferred.isDone(idleSettled)).toBeFalse()
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(secondGate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(idle)
+        yield* Fiber.join(resumed)
 
         expect(runs).toBe(2)
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  it.effect("reports the first defect after a failed chain becomes idle", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const firstGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const defect = new Error("defect")
-        let runs = 0
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-          drain: () =>
-            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.await(firstGate).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.die(defect)))
-                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(secondGate))),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        const idle = yield* coordinator
-          .awaitIdle("session")
-          .pipe(Effect.catchDefect(Effect.succeed), Effect.forkChild({ startImmediately: true }))
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(firstGate, undefined)
-        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(secondGate, undefined)
-
-        expect(yield* Fiber.join(idle)).toBe(defect)
-        expect(runs).toBe(2)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("runs again when woken during the coalesced drain", () =>
+  it.effect("runs again when woken during the follow-up", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const firstGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
         const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
         const secondGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const thirdStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
         let runs = 0
         const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
           drain: () =>
@@ -676,196 +114,168 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
                   ? Deferred.await(firstGate)
                   : run === 2
                     ? Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(secondGate)))
-                    : Effect.void,
+                    : Deferred.succeed(thirdStarted, undefined),
               ),
             ),
         })
 
-        const first = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        const resumed = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
         yield* Effect.yieldNow
         yield* coordinator.wake("session")
         yield* Deferred.succeed(firstGate, undefined)
         yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
         yield* coordinator.wake("session")
         yield* Deferred.succeed(secondGate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(first)
+        yield* Deferred.await(thirdStarted)
+        yield* Fiber.join(resumed)
 
         expect(runs).toBe(3)
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  it.effect("starts one successor after a wake races with failure", () =>
+  it.effect("does nothing when interrupted while idle", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({ drain: () => Effect.void })
+        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session")
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("interrupts active execution and clears its pending wake", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const interrupted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        let runs = 0
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
+          drain: () =>
+            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
+              Effect.andThen(Deferred.succeed(started, undefined)),
+              Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
+              Effect.onInterrupt(() => Deferred.succeed(interrupted, undefined)),
+            ),
+        })
+
+        const resumed = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Deferred.await(started)
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
+        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session")
+        yield* Deferred.await(interrupted)
+
+        const exit = yield* Fiber.await(resumed)
+        expect(Exit.isFailure(exit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(exit.cause)).toBeTrue()
+        expect(runs).toBe(1)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("runs a wake registered during interruption cleanup", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        let runs = 0
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
+          drain: () =>
+            Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
+              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
+                run === 1
+                  ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
+                      Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
+                      Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
+                        Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
+                      ),
+                    )
+                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
+              ),
+            ),
+        })
+
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
+        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
+        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
+        yield* Fiber.join(interrupt)
+        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
+
+        expect(runs).toBe(2)
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("starts a resume registered during interruption cleanup", () =>
+    Effect.scoped(
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const firstStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const cleanupStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const cleanupGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const forces: boolean[] = []
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, never>({
+          drain: (_key, force) => {
+            forces.push(force)
+            return forces.length === 1
+              ? Deferred.succeed(firstStarted, undefined).pipe(
+                  Effect.andThen(Effect.never),
+                  Effect.onInterrupt(() =>
+                    Deferred.succeed(cleanupStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(cleanupGate))),
+                  ),
+                )
+              : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined)
+          },
+        })
+
+        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
+        yield* Deferred.await(firstStarted)
+        const interrupt = yield* coordinator.interrupt("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Deferred.await(cleanupStarted)
+        const resumed = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        yield* Deferred.succeed(cleanupGate, undefined)
+        yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(interrupt), Fiber.join(resumed)])
+        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
+
+        expect(forces).toEqual([false, true])
+      }),
+    ),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("starts one follow-up when a wake races with failure", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+        const secondStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
         const failure = new Error("failed")
         let runs = 0
         const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
           drain: () =>
             Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
               Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1 ? Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.fail(failure))) : Effect.void,
+                run === 1
+                  ? Deferred.await(gate).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.fail(failure)))
+                  : Deferred.succeed(secondStarted, undefined),
               ),
             ),
         })
 
-        const first = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+        const resumed = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
         yield* Effect.yieldNow
         yield* coordinator.wake("session")
         yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
-        expect(yield* Fiber.join(first).pipe(Effect.flip)).toBe(failure)
 
-        yield* Effect.yieldNow
+        expect(yield* Fiber.join(resumed).pipe(Effect.flip)).toBe(failure)
+        yield* Deferred.await(secondStarted)
         expect(runs).toBe(2)
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  it.effect("upgrades an active wake when an explicit run joins it", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const wakeStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const wakeGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const modes: SessionRunCoordinator.Mode[] = []
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: (_key, mode) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => modes.push(mode)).pipe(
-              Effect.andThen(
-                mode === "wake"
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(wakeStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(wakeGate)))
-                  : Effect.void,
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(wakeStarted)
-        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(wakeGate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(run)
-
-        expect(modes).toEqual(["wake", "run"])
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("upgrades a recursive wake drain when an explicit run joins it", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const runGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const wakeStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const wakeGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const forcedStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const modes: SessionRunCoordinator.Mode[] = []
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: (_key, mode) =>
-            Effect.gen(function* () {
-              modes.push(mode)
-              if (modes.length === 1) return yield* Deferred.await(runGate)
-              if (modes.length === 2)
-                return yield* Deferred.succeed(wakeStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(wakeGate)))
-              yield* Deferred.succeed(forcedStarted, undefined)
-            }),
-        })
-
-        const first = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Effect.yieldNow
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(runGate, undefined)
-        yield* Deferred.await(wakeStarted)
-        const second = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(wakeGate, undefined)
-        yield* Deferred.await(forcedStarted)
-        yield* Fiber.join(first)
-        yield* Fiber.join(second)
-
-        expect(modes).toEqual(["run", "wake", "run"])
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("propagates an upgraded explicit run failure before a successful advisory successor", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const wakeStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const wakeGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const runStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const runGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const advisoryStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const failure = new Error("explicit run failed")
-        const modes: SessionRunCoordinator.Mode[] = []
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, Error>({
-          drain: (_key, mode) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => modes.push(mode)).pipe(
-              Effect.flatMap((run) =>
-                run === 1
-                  ? Deferred.succeed(wakeStarted, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(wakeGate)))
-                  : run === 2
-                    ? Deferred.succeed(runStarted, undefined).pipe(
-                        Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(runGate)),
-                        Effect.andThen(Effect.fail(failure)),
-                      )
-                    : Deferred.succeed(advisoryStarted, undefined),
-              ),
-            ),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(wakeStarted)
-        const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(wakeGate, undefined)
-        yield* Deferred.await(runStarted)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.succeed(runGate, undefined)
-        yield* Deferred.await(advisoryStarted)
-
-        expect(yield* Fiber.join(run).pipe(Effect.flip)).toBe(failure)
-        expect(modes).toEqual(["wake", "run", "wake"])
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("settles active callers when its owning scope closes", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const scope = yield* Scope.make()
-      const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-      const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-        drain: () => Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never)),
-      }).pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
-
-      const run = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Deferred.await(started)
-      const idle = yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Effect.yieldNow
-      yield* Scope.close(scope, Exit.void)
-
-      const runExit = yield* Fiber.await(run)
-      const idleExit = yield* Fiber.await(idle)
-      expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-      expect(Exit.isSuccess(idleExit)).toBeTrue()
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("does not start work after its owning scope closes", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const scope = yield* Scope.make()
-      let runs = 0
-      const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make({
-        drain: () => Effect.sync(() => runs++),
-      }).pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
-      yield* Scope.close(scope, Exit.void)
-
-      yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-      yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
-      const runExit = yield* coordinator.run("session").pipe(Effect.exit)
-
-      expect(Exit.isFailure(runExit) && Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(runExit.cause)).toBeTrue()
-      expect(runs).toBe(0)
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("does not cancel the owner when one joined waiter is interrupted", () =>
+  it.effect("does not cancel execution when a joined waiter is interrupted", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const gate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
@@ -904,105 +314,29 @@ describe("SessionRunCoordinator", () => {
         const second = yield* coordinator.run("second").pipe(Effect.forkChild)
         yield* Deferred.await(bothStarted)
         yield* Deferred.succeed(gate, undefined)
-        yield* Fiber.join(first)
-        yield* Fiber.join(second)
+        yield* Effect.all([Fiber.join(first), Fiber.join(second)])
       }),
     ),
   )
 
-  it.effect("reports an advisory drain failure exactly once", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const failure = new Error("wake failed")
-        const reported: Cause.Cause<Error>[] = []
-        const reportedOnce = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, Error>({
-          drain: () => Effect.fail(failure),
-          onFailure: (_key, cause) =>
-            Effect.sync(() => reported.push(cause)).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.succeed(reportedOnce, undefined))),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(reportedOnce)
-        yield* Effect.yieldNow
-
-        expect(reported).toHaveLength(1)
-        expect(Cause.squash(reported[0]!)).toBe(failure)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("contains defects thrown while constructing an advisory failure report", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, Error>({
-          drain: () => Effect.fail(new Error("wake failed")),
-          onFailure: () => {
-            throw new Error("report defect")
-          },
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.exit)
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session").pipe(Effect.exit)
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("reports an independently interrupted advisory drain", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const reported = yield* Deferred.make<Cause.Cause<never>>()
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: () => Effect.interrupt,
-          onFailure: (_key, cause) => Deferred.succeed(reported, cause).pipe(Effect.asVoid),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-
-        expect(Cause.hasInterruptsOnly(yield* Deferred.await(reported))).toBeTrue()
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("does not report deliberate interruption as an advisory failure", () =>
-    Effect.scoped(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const started = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-        const reported: Cause.Cause<never>[] = []
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
-          drain: () => Deferred.succeed(started, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Effect.never)),
-          onFailure: (_key, cause) => Effect.sync(() => reported.push(cause)),
-        })
-
-        yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* Deferred.await(started)
-        yield* coordinator.interrupt("session")
-        yield* Effect.yieldNow
-
-        expect(reported).toEqual([])
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("trampolines many synchronous self-waking drains", () =>
+  it.effect("trampolines synchronous self-waking execution", () =>
     Effect.scoped(
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const limit = 20_000
+        const completed = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
         let runs = 0
         let wake: (key: string) => Effect.Effect<void> = () => Effect.void
-        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, void, never>({
+        const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<string, never>({
           drain: (key) =>
             Effect.sync(() => ++runs).pipe(
-              Effect.tap((run) => (run < limit ? wake(key) : Effect.void)),
+              Effect.tap((run) => (run < limit ? wake(key) : Deferred.succeed(completed, undefined))),
               Effect.asVoid,
             ),
         })
         wake = coordinator.wake
 
         yield* coordinator.wake("session")
-        yield* coordinator.awaitIdle("session")
+        yield* Deferred.await(completed)
 
         expect(runs).toBe(limit)
       }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-runner-message.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-runner-message.test.ts
index 708fd9e7f8e..cc515742dda 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-runner-message.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-runner-message.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,39 @@ const id = (value: string) => SessionMessage.ID.make(`msg_${value}`)
 const model = Model.make({ id: "model", provider: "provider", route: OpenAIChat.route })
 
 describe("toLLMMessages", () => {
+  test("omits empty assistant turns", () => {
+    const assistant = (value: string, content: SessionMessage.Assistant["content"]) =>
+      new SessionMessage.Assistant({
+        id: id(value),
+        type: "assistant",
+        agent: "build",
+        model: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("provider") },
+        content,
+        time: { created, completed: created },
+      })
+    const messages = toLLMMessages(
+      [
+        assistant("empty", []),
+        assistant("empty-text", [new SessionMessage.AssistantText({ type: "text", id: "empty", text: "" })]),
+        assistant("empty-reasoning", [
+          new SessionMessage.AssistantReasoning({ type: "reasoning", id: "empty-reasoning", text: "" }),
+        ]),
+        assistant("text", [new SessionMessage.AssistantText({ type: "text", id: "text", text: "Partial" })]),
+        assistant("reasoning", [
+          new SessionMessage.AssistantReasoning({
+            type: "reasoning",
+            id: "reasoning",
+            text: "",
+            providerMetadata: { anthropic: { signature: "sig_1" } },
+          }),
+        ]),
+      ],
+      model,
+    )
+
+    expect(messages.map((message) => message.id)).toEqual([id("text"), id("reasoning")])
+  })
+
   test("maps every top-level V2 Session message type", () => {
     const file = new FileAttachment({ uri: "data:image/png;base64,aGVsbG8=", mime: "image/png", name: "hello.png" })
     const messages = toLLMMessages(
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-runner-model.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-runner-model.test.ts
index e1f5e32b752..e67ade131bc 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-runner-model.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-runner-model.test.ts
@@ -36,21 +36,13 @@ const model = (api: Api, variants: ModelV2.Info["variants"] = []) =>
       options: { store: false, serviceTier: "priority" },
     },
     variants,
-    time: { released: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0) },
+    time: { released: 0 },
     cost: [],
     status: "active",
     enabled: true,
     limit: { context: 100, output: 20 },
   })
 
-const provider = (api: ProviderV2.Info["api"]) =>
-  new ProviderV2.Info({
-    id: ProviderV2.ID.make("test-provider"),
-    name: "Test provider",
-    api,
-    request: { headers: {}, body: {} },
-  })
-
 describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
   it.effect("maps catalog OpenAI AI SDK models into native Responses routes", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -194,6 +186,35 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("rejects an explicit unavailable Session variant during model resolution", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const catalog = model({ type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/openai", url: "https://openai.example/v1" })
+      const session = SessionV2.Info.make({
+        id: SessionV2.ID.make("ses_model_variant_unavailable"),
+        projectID: ProjectV2.ID.global,
+        title: "test",
+        model: {
+          id: catalog.id,
+          providerID: catalog.providerID,
+          variant: ModelV2.VariantID.make("unknown"),
+        },
+        cost: 0,
+        tokens: { input: 0, output: 0, reasoning: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+        time: { created: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0), updated: DateTime.makeUnsafe(0) },
+        location: { directory: AbsolutePath.make("/project") },
+      })
+
+      const failure = yield* SessionRunnerModel.resolve(session, catalog).pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(failure).toMatchObject({
+        _tag: "SessionRunnerModel.VariantUnavailableError",
+        providerID: "test-provider",
+        modelID: "test-model",
+        variant: "unknown",
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("lowers selected Anthropic Session variants into Messages options", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const catalog = model({ type: "aisdk", package: "@ai-sdk/anthropic", url: "https://anthropic.example/v1" }, [
@@ -268,7 +289,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerModel", () => {
 
   it.effect("prefers stored credentials over configured auth", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      const credential = new Credential.Stored({
+      const credential = new Credential.Info({
         id: Credential.ID.create(),
         integrationID: Integration.ID.make("test-provider"),
         label: "Work",
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-runner-recorded.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-runner-recorded.test.ts
index e8da56a3a5c..331c5bb48c1 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-runner-recorded.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-runner-recorded.test.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { Prompt } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/prompt"
 import { SessionProjector } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/projector"
 import { SessionExecution } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/execution"
 import { SessionRunCoordinator } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/run-coordinator"
+import { SessionRunner } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner"
 import * as SessionRunnerLLM from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/llm"
 import { SessionRunnerModel } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/model"
 import { ToolRegistry } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool/registry"
@@ -32,10 +33,6 @@ import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import path from "node:path"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const projector = SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(database))
-const store = SessionStore.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
 const cassette =
   process.env.RECORD === "true"
     ? HttpRecorderInternal.cassetteLayer("session-runner/openai-chat-streams-text", {
@@ -74,9 +71,9 @@ const skillGuidance = Layer.mock(SkillGuidance.Service, { load: () => Effect.suc
 const referenceGuidance = Layer.mock(ReferenceGuidance.Service, { load: () => Effect.succeed(SystemContext.empty) })
 const config = Layer.succeed(Config.Service, Config.Service.of({ entries: () => Effect.succeed([]) }))
 const runner = SessionRunnerLLM.defaultLayer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(store),
-  Layer.provide(events),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(client),
   Layer.provide(registry),
   Layer.provide(models),
@@ -87,32 +84,33 @@ const runner = SessionRunnerLLM.defaultLayer.pipe(
   Layer.provide(referenceGuidance),
   Layer.provide(config),
 )
-const coordinator = SessionRunCoordinator.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(runner))
 const execution = Layer.effect(
   SessionExecution.Service,
-  SessionRunCoordinator.Service.pipe(
-    Effect.map((coordinator) =>
-      SessionExecution.Service.of({
-        resume: coordinator.run,
-        wake: coordinator.wake,
-        interrupt: coordinator.interrupt,
-      }),
-    ),
-  ),
-).pipe(Layer.provide(coordinator))
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const sessionRunner = yield* SessionRunner.Service
+    const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<SessionV2.ID, SessionRunner.RunError>({
+      drain: (sessionID, force) => sessionRunner.run({ sessionID, force }),
+    })
+    return SessionExecution.Service.of({
+      resume: coordinator.run,
+      wake: coordinator.wake,
+      interrupt: coordinator.interrupt,
+    })
+  }),
+).pipe(Layer.provide(runner))
 const sessions = SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(events),
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(store),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(Project.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(execution),
 )
 const it = testEffect(
   Layer.mergeAll(
-    database,
-    events,
-    projector,
-    store,
+    Database.defaultLayer,
+    EventV2.defaultLayer,
+    SessionProjector.defaultLayer,
+    SessionStore.defaultLayer,
     executor,
     client,
     permission,
@@ -124,7 +122,6 @@ const it = testEffect(
     skillGuidance,
     config,
     runner,
-    coordinator,
     execution,
     sessions,
   ),
@@ -179,7 +176,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM recorded", () => {
           .all()).map((event) => event.type),
       ).toEqual([
         "session.next.prompt.admitted.1",
-        "session.next.prompt.promoted.1",
+        "session.next.prompted.1",
         "session.next.step.started.1",
         "session.next.text.started.1",
         "session.next.text.ended.1",
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-runner-tool-events.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-runner-tool-events.test.ts
index 3d4a858cbbd..f2d18cfa2d2 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-runner-tool-events.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-runner-tool-events.test.ts
@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@ const capture = () => {
       Effect.sync(() => {
         const event = { id: EventV2.ID.create(), type: definition.type, data } as EventV2.Payload<typeof definition>
         published.push({
-          type: definition.sync ? EventV2.versionedType(definition.type, definition.sync.version) : definition.type,
+          type: definition.durable
+            ? EventV2.versionedType(definition.type, definition.durable.version)
+            : definition.type,
           data,
         })
         return event
       }),
     subscribe: () => Stream.empty,
     all: () => Stream.empty,
-    aggregateEvents: () => Stream.empty,
-    sync: () => Effect.succeed(Effect.void),
+    durable: () => Stream.empty,
     listen: () => Effect.succeed(Effect.void),
-    beforeCommit: () => Effect.void,
     project: () => Effect.void,
     replay: () => Effect.void,
     replayAll: () => Effect.succeed(undefined),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-runner.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-runner.test.ts
index af17de17594..572c599be77 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-runner.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-runner.test.ts
@@ -56,11 +56,7 @@ import { Cause, DateTime, Deferred, Effect, Exit, Fiber, Layer, Schema, Stream }
 import { asc, eq } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const questions = QuestionV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events))
-const projector = SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(database))
-const store = SessionStore.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
+const questions = QuestionV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer))
 const requests: LLMRequest[] = []
 let response: LLMEvent[] = []
 let responses: LLMEvent[][] | undefined
@@ -235,9 +231,9 @@ const config = Layer.succeed(
   }),
 )
 const runner = SessionRunnerLLM.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(store),
-  Layer.provide(events),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(client),
   Layer.provide(registry),
   Layer.provide(models),
@@ -248,33 +244,34 @@ const runner = SessionRunnerLLM.layer.pipe(
   Layer.provide(referenceGuidance),
   Layer.provide(config),
 )
-const coordinator = SessionRunCoordinator.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(runner))
 const execution = Layer.effect(
   SessionExecution.Service,
-  SessionRunCoordinator.Service.pipe(
-    Effect.map((coordinator) =>
-      SessionExecution.Service.of({
-        resume: coordinator.run,
-        wake: coordinator.wake,
-        interrupt: coordinator.interrupt,
-      }),
-    ),
-  ),
-).pipe(Layer.provide(coordinator))
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const sessionRunner = yield* SessionRunner.Service
+    const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.make<SessionV2.ID, SessionRunner.RunError>({
+      drain: (sessionID, force) => sessionRunner.run({ sessionID, force }),
+    })
+    return SessionExecution.Service.of({
+      resume: coordinator.run,
+      wake: coordinator.wake,
+      interrupt: coordinator.interrupt,
+    })
+  }),
+).pipe(Layer.provide(runner))
 const sessions = SessionV2.layer.pipe(
-  Layer.provide(events),
-  Layer.provide(database),
-  Layer.provide(store),
+  Layer.provide(EventV2.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(Database.defaultLayer),
+  Layer.provide(SessionStore.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(Project.defaultLayer),
   Layer.provide(execution),
 )
 const it = testEffect(
   Layer.mergeAll(
-    database,
-    events,
+    Database.defaultLayer,
+    EventV2.defaultLayer,
     questions,
-    projector,
-    store,
+    SessionProjector.defaultLayer,
+    SessionStore.defaultLayer,
     client,
     permission,
     applications,
@@ -287,7 +284,6 @@ const it = testEffect(
     skillGuidance,
     config,
     runner,
-    coordinator,
     execution,
     sessions,
   ),
@@ -364,12 +360,12 @@ const setupOverflowRecovery = Effect.gen(function* () {
   return session
 })
 
-const userTexts = (request: LLMRequest) =>
+const messageTexts = (request: LLMRequest, role: "user" | "system") =>
   request.messages.flatMap((message) =>
-    message.role === "user"
-      ? message.content.flatMap((content) => (content.type === "text" ? [content.text] : []))
-      : [],
+    message.role === role ? message.content.flatMap((content) => (content.type === "text" ? [content.text] : [])) : [],
   )
+const userTexts = (request: LLMRequest) => messageTexts(request, "user")
+const systemTexts = (request: LLMRequest) => messageTexts(request, "system")
 
 const replaySessionProjection = (id: SessionV2.ID) =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
@@ -547,6 +543,8 @@ const verifyPartialFlushOnInterruption = (kind: FragmentKind) =>
       { type: "user", text: prompt },
       {
         type: "assistant",
+        finish: "error",
+        error: { type: "unknown", message: "Provider turn interrupted" },
         content: [
           kind === "tool input"
             ? { type: "tool", id: fragmentID(kind, "interrupted"), state: { status: "error" } }
@@ -683,7 +681,6 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
 
       systemUnavailable = false
       yield* session.prompt({ id: messageID, sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }) })
-      yield* (yield* SessionRunCoordinator.Service).awaitIdle(sessionID)
 
       expect(requests).toHaveLength(1)
       expect(requests[0]?.messages.map((message) => message.role)).toEqual(["user"])
@@ -704,7 +701,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.Moved, {
         sessionID,
         timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-        location: { directory: AbsolutePath.make("/moved") },
+        location: Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make("/moved") }),
       })
       expect(
         yield* db
@@ -748,39 +745,6 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("does not create a source Location epoch after a concurrent Session move", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      let moved = false
-      systemLoadHook = Effect.suspend(() => {
-        if (moved) return Effect.void
-        moved = true
-        return events
-          .publish(SessionEvent.Moved, {
-            sessionID,
-            timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-            location: { directory: AbsolutePath.make("/moved") },
-          })
-          .pipe(Effect.asVoid)
-      })
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-
-      expect(Exit.isFailure(yield* session.resume(sessionID).pipe(Effect.exit))).toBe(true)
-      expect(yield* SessionInput.hasPending(db, sessionID, "steer")).toBe(true)
-      expect(
-        yield* db
-          .select()
-          .from(SessionContextEpochTable)
-          .where(eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID))
-          .get(),
-      ).toBeUndefined()
-      expect((yield* session.get(sessionID)).location.directory).toBe(AbsolutePath.make("/moved"))
-    }),
-  )
-
   it.effect("reuses one durable baseline after the context producer changes", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
@@ -819,7 +783,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
-      yield* agent.update((editor) =>
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("build"), (agent) => {
           agent.system = "Build agent instructions"
           agent.mode = "primary"
@@ -840,7 +804,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
-      yield* agent.update((editor) => {
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) => {
         editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("build"), (agent) => {
           agent.system = "Build agent instructions"
           agent.mode = "primary"
@@ -868,7 +832,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       yield* setup
       const { db } = yield* Database.Service
       const agent = yield* AgentV2.Service
-      yield* agent.update((editor) =>
+      yield* agent.transform((editor) =>
         editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"), (agent) => {
           agent.system = "Reviewer instructions"
           agent.mode = "primary"
@@ -892,7 +856,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("composes selected-agent skill guidance and replaces it after an agent switch", () =>
+  it.effect("updates selected-agent skill guidance after an agent switch", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -915,12 +879,13 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
 
       expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([
         ["Initial context\n\nBuild skills"],
-        ["Initial context\n\nReviewer skills"],
+        ["Initial context\n\nBuild skills"],
       ])
+      expect(systemTexts(requests[1]!)).toContainEqual(expect.stringContaining("Reviewer skills"))
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("retries first-epoch preparation when the selected agent changes during observation", () =>
+  it.effect("keeps the sampled agent when selection changes during observation", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -947,88 +912,12 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       yield* session.resume(sessionID)
 
       expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([
-        ["Initial context\n\nReviewer skills"],
+        ["Initial context\n\nBuild skills"],
       ])
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("opens a queued activity once when the selected agent changes during observation", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      skillBaselines.set(AgentV2.ID.make("build"), "Build skills")
-      skillBaselines.set(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"), "Reviewer skills")
-      let switched = false
-      systemLoadHook = Effect.suspend(() => {
-        if (switched) return Effect.void
-        switched = true
-        return events
-          .publish(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, {
-            sessionID,
-            messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-            timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-            agent: "reviewer",
-          })
-          .pipe(Effect.asVoid)
-      })
-      yield* session.prompt({
-        sessionID,
-        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Queued" }),
-        delivery: "queue",
-        resume: false,
-      })
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(1)
-      expect((yield* session.context(sessionID)).filter((message) => message.type === "user")).toHaveLength(1)
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("retries an agent switch before the final provider-dispatch boundary", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      skillBaselines.set(AgentV2.ID.make("build"), "Build skills")
-      skillBaselines.set(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"), "Reviewer skills")
-      let switched = false
-      modelResolveHook = Effect.suspend(() => {
-        if (switched) return Effect.void
-        switched = true
-        return events
-          .publish(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, {
-            sessionID,
-            messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-            timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-            agent: "reviewer",
-          })
-          .pipe(Effect.asVoid)
-      })
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([
-        ["Initial context\n\nReviewer skills"],
-      ])
-      expect(
-        yield* db
-          .select({ replacementSeq: SessionContextEpochTable.replacement_seq })
-          .from(SessionContextEpochTable)
-          .where(eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID))
-          .get()
-          .pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toEqual({ replacementSeq: null })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("retries a model switch before the final provider-dispatch boundary", () =>
+  it.effect("keeps the sampled model when selection changes during model resolution", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -1051,145 +940,11 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       requests.length = 0
       response = []
       yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      expect(requests.map((request) => request.model)).toEqual([replacementModel])
+      expect(requests.map((request) => request.model)).toEqual([model])
       expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([["Initial context"]])
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("fences an unchanged epoch read across an agent ABA replacement request", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      let switched = false
-      systemLoadHook = Effect.suspend(() => {
-        if (switched) return Effect.void
-        switched = true
-        return events
-          .publish(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, {
-            sessionID,
-            messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-            timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-            agent: AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"),
-          })
-          .pipe(
-            Effect.andThen(
-              events.publish(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, {
-                sessionID,
-                messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-                timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(2),
-                agent: AgentV2.defaultID,
-              }),
-            ),
-            Effect.asVoid,
-          )
-      })
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Second" }), resume: false })
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(1)
-      expect(
-        yield* db
-          .select({ replacementSeq: SessionContextEpochTable.replacement_seq })
-          .from(SessionContextEpochTable)
-          .where(eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID))
-          .get()
-          .pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toEqual({ replacementSeq: null })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("rejects stale agent guidance when committing an existing-epoch replacement", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, {
-        sessionID,
-        messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-        timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-        agent: AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"),
-      })
-      const context = (text: string) =>
-        Effect.succeed(
-          SystemContext.make({
-            key: systemContextKey,
-            codec: Schema.toCodecJson(Schema.String),
-            load: Effect.succeed(text),
-            baseline: String,
-            update: (_previous, current) => current,
-          }),
-        )
-      const location = (yield* session.get(sessionID)).location
-
-      expect(
-        yield* SessionContextEpoch.prepare(
-          db,
-          events,
-          context("Stale build context"),
-          sessionID,
-          location,
-          AgentV2.defaultID,
-        ).pipe(Effect.catchDefect(Effect.succeed)),
-      ).toBeInstanceOf(SessionContextEpoch.AgentMismatch)
-
-      expect(
-        yield* SessionContextEpoch.prepare(
-          db,
-          events,
-          context("Reviewer context"),
-          sessionID,
-          location,
-          AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"),
-        ),
-      ).toMatchObject({ baseline: "Reviewer context" })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("blocks a cross-agent provider turn while replacement context is unavailable", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      skillBaselines.set(AgentV2.defaultID, "Build skills")
-      skillBaselines.set(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"), "Reviewer skills")
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.AgentSwitched, {
-        sessionID,
-        messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-        timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-        agent: AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"),
-      })
-      systemUnavailable = true
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Second" }), resume: false })
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      const blocked = yield* session.resume(sessionID).pipe(Effect.exit)
-      expect(Exit.isFailure(blocked)).toBe(true)
-      if (Exit.isFailure(blocked))
-        expect(Cause.squash(blocked.cause)).toBeInstanceOf(SessionContextEpoch.AgentReplacementBlocked)
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(0)
-
-      systemUnavailable = false
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([
-        ["Initial context\n\nReviewer skills"],
-      ])
-    }),
-  )
-
   it.effect("admits removed context as a chronological System message", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
@@ -1211,7 +966,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("replaces the baseline lazily after a model switch and drops prior System updates", () =>
+  it.effect("keeps the baseline and chronological System updates after a model switch", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -1237,24 +992,26 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([
         ["Initial context"],
         ["Initial context"],
-        ["Replacement context"],
+        ["Initial context"],
       ])
       expect(requests[1]?.messages.map((message) => message.role)).toEqual(["user", "user", "system"])
-      expect(requests[2]?.messages.map((message) => message.role)).toEqual(["user", "user", "user"])
+      expect(requests[2]?.messages.filter((message) => message.role === "system")).toHaveLength(2)
       expect((yield* session.context(sessionID)).map((message) => message.type)).toEqual([
         "user",
         "user",
+        "system",
         "model-switched",
         "user",
+        "system",
       ])
       yield* replaySessionProjection(sessionID)
-      expect(yield* session.messages({ sessionID })).toHaveLength(5)
+      expect(yield* session.messages({ sessionID })).toHaveLength(6)
       yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Fourth" }), resume: false })
       yield* session.resume(sessionID)
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("defers replacement while admitted context is temporarily unavailable", () =>
+  it.effect("preserves the baseline while context is temporarily unavailable", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -1281,109 +1038,12 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([
         ["Initial context"],
         ["Initial context"],
-        ["Replacement context"],
+        ["Initial context"],
       ])
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("advances a pending replacement to the latest invalidation boundary", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      const { db } = yield* Database.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-
-      yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.ModelSwitched, {
-        sessionID,
-        messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-        timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-        model: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("replacement-1"), providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("fake") },
-      })
-      yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.ModelSwitched, {
-        sessionID,
-        messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-        timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(2),
-        model: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("replacement-2"), providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("fake") },
-      })
-      const latest = yield* SessionInput.latestSeq(db, sessionID)
-
-      expect(
-        yield* db
-          .select({ replacementSeq: SessionContextEpochTable.replacement_seq })
-          .from(SessionContextEpochTable)
-          .where(eq(SessionContextEpochTable.session_id, sessionID))
-          .get()
-          .pipe(Effect.orDie),
-      ).toEqual({ replacementSeq: latest })
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("retries epoch preparation until observation-time invalidations settle", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      systemBaseline = "Changed context"
-      let invalidations = 0
-      systemLoadHook = Effect.suspend(() => {
-        if (invalidations === 4) return Effect.void
-        invalidations++
-        return events
-          .publish(SessionEvent.ModelSwitched, {
-            sessionID,
-            messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-            timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(invalidations),
-            model: { id: ModelV2.ID.make(`replacement-${invalidations}`), providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("fake") },
-          })
-          .pipe(Effect.asVoid)
-      })
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Second" }), resume: false })
-
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-
-      expect(invalidations).toBe(4)
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(1)
-      expect(requests[0]?.system.map((part) => part.text)).toEqual(["Changed context"])
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("replays retained context projections while replacement is pending", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const events = yield* EventV2.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "First" }), resume: false })
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      response = []
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      systemBaseline = "Changed context"
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Second" }), resume: false })
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      yield* events.publish(SessionEvent.ModelSwitched, {
-        sessionID,
-        messageID: SessionMessage.ID.create(),
-        timestamp: DateTime.makeUnsafe(1),
-        model: { id: ModelV2.ID.make("replacement"), providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("fake") },
-      })
-
-      yield* replaySessionProjection(sessionID)
-      systemBaseline = "Replacement context"
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Third" }), resume: false })
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-      expect(requests.at(-1)?.system.map((part) => part.text)).toEqual(["Replacement context"])
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("replaces the baseline lazily after completed compaction without reopening replacement on replay", () =>
+  it.effect("rebuilds the baseline directly after completed compaction", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -1461,6 +1121,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       })
 
       requests.length = 0
+      executions.length = 0
       responses = [
         fragmentFixture("text", "text-summary-2", ["## Goal\n- Preserve the updated task"]).completeEvents,
         fragmentFixture("text", "text-final-2", ["Continued again"]).completeEvents,
@@ -1609,7 +1270,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("preserves effective System updates while compaction replacement is blocked", () =>
+  it.effect("preserves effective System updates while compaction rebaseline is blocked", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -1642,16 +1303,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       yield* session.resume(sessionID)
 
       expect(requests.at(-1)?.system.map((part) => part.text)).toEqual(["Initial context"])
-      expect(
-        requests
-          .at(-1)
-          ?.messages.some(
-            (message) =>
-              message.role === "system" &&
-              message.content[0]?.type === "text" &&
-              message.content[0].text === "Changed context",
-          ),
-      ).toBe(true)
+      expect(systemTexts(requests.at(-1)!)).toContain("Changed context")
     }),
   )
 
@@ -1850,8 +1502,9 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       expect(requests.map((request) => request.model)).toEqual([model, replacementModel])
       expect(requests.map((request) => request.system.map((part) => part.text))).toEqual([
         ["Initial context"],
-        ["Replacement context"],
+        ["Initial context"],
       ])
+      expect(systemTexts(requests[1]!)).toContain("Replacement context")
     }),
   )
 
@@ -2198,7 +1851,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("starts queued input after the active activity settles", () =>
+  it.effect("promotes queued input after continuation ends", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -2230,7 +1883,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       yield* Deferred.await(streamStarted)
       yield* session.prompt({
         sessionID,
-        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Wait until the next activity" }),
+        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Wait until continuation ends" }),
         delivery: "queue",
       })
       yield* Deferred.succeed(streamGate, undefined)
@@ -2241,7 +1894,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       expect(requests).toHaveLength(3)
       expect(userTexts(requests[0]!)).toEqual(["Start working"])
       expect(userTexts(requests[1]!)).toEqual(["Start working"])
-      expect(userTexts(requests[2]!)).toEqual(["Start working", "Wait until the next activity"])
+      expect(userTexts(requests[2]!)).toEqual(["Start working", "Wait until continuation ends"])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -2331,7 +1984,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("runs queued active inputs as separate FIFO activities", () =>
+  it.effect("promotes queued inputs one at a time in FIFO order", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -2374,14 +2027,14 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("opens queued input after idle steering activity settles", () =>
+  it.effect("promotes queued input after steering continuation ends", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Start steering activity" }), resume: false })
+      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Start steering" }), resume: false })
       yield* session.prompt({
         sessionID,
-        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Queue later activity" }),
+        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Queue for later" }),
         delivery: "queue",
         resume: false,
       })
@@ -2403,12 +2056,12 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       yield* session.resume(sessionID)
 
       expect(requests).toHaveLength(2)
-      expect(userTexts(requests[0]!)).toEqual(["Start steering activity"])
-      expect(userTexts(requests[1]!)).toEqual(["Start steering activity", "Queue later activity"])
+      expect(userTexts(requests[0]!)).toEqual(["Start steering"])
+      expect(userTexts(requests[1]!)).toEqual(["Start steering", "Queue for later"])
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("coalesces steers into the active queued activity before starting the next queued activity", () =>
+  it.effect("promotes steers before the next queued input", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -2448,8 +2101,8 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       streamGate = secondGate
       yield* Deferred.succeed(firstGate, undefined)
       while (requests.length < 2) yield* Effect.yieldNow
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Steer first queued activity" }) })
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Also steer first queued activity" }) })
+      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Steer before next queued input" }) })
+      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Also steer before next queued input" }) })
       yield* Deferred.succeed(secondGate, undefined)
       yield* Fiber.join(first)
       streamGate = undefined
@@ -2460,14 +2113,14 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       expect(userTexts(requests[2]!)).toEqual([
         "Start working",
         "Queue first",
-        "Steer first queued activity",
-        "Also steer first queued activity",
+        "Steer before next queued input",
+        "Also steer before next queued input",
       ])
       expect(userTexts(requests[3]!)).toEqual([
         "Start working",
         "Queue first",
-        "Steer first queued activity",
-        "Also steer first queued activity",
+        "Steer before next queued input",
+        "Also steer before next queued input",
         "Queue second",
       ])
     }),
@@ -2507,7 +2160,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
 
       expect(requests).toHaveLength(2)
       expect(userTexts(requests[1]!)).toEqual(["Start working", "First steer", "Second steer"])
-      yield* (yield* SessionRunCoordinator.Service).wake(sessionID)
+      yield* (yield* SessionExecution.Service).wake(sessionID)
       yield* Effect.yieldNow
       expect(requests).toHaveLength(2)
     }),
@@ -2701,46 +2354,23 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("starts the first queued activity when woken while idle", () =>
+  it.effect("promotes the first queued input when woken while idle", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       yield* session.prompt({
         sessionID,
-        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Wait for fresh activity" }),
+        prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Wait in queue" }),
         delivery: "queue",
         resume: false,
       })
 
       requests.length = 0
-      yield* (yield* SessionRunCoordinator.Service).wake(sessionID)
+      yield* (yield* SessionExecution.Service).wake(sessionID)
       yield* Effect.yieldNow
 
       expect(requests).toHaveLength(1)
-      expect(userTexts(requests[0]!)).toEqual(["Wait for fresh activity"])
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("does not spend one activity step budget across queued activities", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const queued = Array.from({ length: 26 }, (_, index) => `Queued activity ${index + 1}`)
-      for (const text of queued) {
-        yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text }), delivery: "queue", resume: false })
-      }
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      responses = queued.map(() => [
-        LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
-        LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "stop" }),
-        LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "stop" }),
-      ])
-
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
-
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(queued.length)
-      expect(userTexts(requests.at(-1)!)).toEqual(queued)
+      expect(userTexts(requests[0]!)).toEqual(["Wait in queue"])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -2751,7 +2381,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       const defect = new Error("fail after prompt promotion")
       let fail = true
-      yield* events.project(SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted, () => (fail ? Effect.die(defect) : Effect.void))
+      yield* events.project(SessionEvent.Prompted, () => (fail ? Effect.die(defect) : Effect.void))
       yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Recover promoted input" }), resume: false })
 
       expect(yield* session.resume(sessionID).pipe(Effect.catchDefect(Effect.succeed))).toBe(defect)
@@ -2763,7 +2393,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
         LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "stop" }),
       ]
 
-      yield* (yield* SessionRunCoordinator.Service).wake(sessionID)
+      yield* (yield* SessionExecution.Service).wake(sessionID)
       while (requests.length === 0) yield* Effect.yieldNow
 
       expect(userTexts(requests[0]!)).toEqual(["Recover promoted input"])
@@ -2776,9 +2406,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       const events = yield* EventV2.Service
       yield* events.listen((event) =>
-        event.type === SessionEvent.PromptLifecycle.Promoted.type
-          ? Effect.die("fail after prompt promotion commits")
-          : Effect.void,
+        event.type === SessionEvent.Prompted.type ? Effect.die("fail after prompt promotion commits") : Effect.void,
       )
       yield* session.prompt({
         sessionID,
@@ -3117,7 +2745,7 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("interrupts a blocked provider turn without local tool activity", () =>
+  it.effect("interrupts a blocked provider turn without local tool execution", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
@@ -3177,86 +2805,103 @@ describe("SessionRunnerLLM", () => {
     }),
   )
 
-  it.effect("fails after the bounded number of local tool continuation steps", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Loop forever" }), resume: false })
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      authorizations.length = 0
-      executions.length = 0
-      streamGate = undefined
-      streamStarted = undefined
-      responses = Array.from({ length: 25 }, (_, index) => [
-        LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
-        LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: `call-echo-${index}`, name: "echo", input: { text: `${index}` } }),
-        LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "tool-calls" }),
-        LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "tool-calls" }),
-      ])
-
-      const failure = yield* session.resume(sessionID).pipe(Effect.flip)
-
-      expect(failure).toMatchObject({ _tag: "SessionRunner.StepLimitExceededError", sessionID, limit: 25 })
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(25)
-      expect(executions).toHaveLength(25)
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("does not restart a capped tool loop for a coalesced stale wake", () =>
-    Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* setup
-      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
-      const coordinator = yield* SessionRunCoordinator.Service
-      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Loop forever" }), resume: false })
-
-      requests.length = 0
-      responses = Array.from({ length: 25 }, (_, index) => [
-        LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
-        LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: `call-capped-${index}`, name: "echo", input: { text: `${index}` } }),
-        LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "tool-calls" }),
-        LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "tool-calls" }),
-      ])
-      streamGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-      streamStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
-
-      const run = yield* session.resume(sessionID).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-      yield* Deferred.await(streamStarted)
-      yield* coordinator.wake(sessionID)
-      yield* Deferred.succeed(streamGate, undefined)
-      expect(yield* Fiber.join(run).pipe(Effect.flip)).toMatchObject({ _tag: "SessionRunner.StepLimitExceededError" })
-      streamGate = undefined
-      streamStarted = undefined
-      yield* Effect.yieldNow
-
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(25)
-    }),
-  )
-
-  it.effect("accepts a terminal response on the final bounded provider turn", () =>
+  it.effect("forces a text response on an agent's configured final step", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       yield* setup
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
+        editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("build"), (agent) => {
+          agent.steps = 2
+        }),
+      )
       const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
       yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Finish at the limit" }), resume: false })
 
       requests.length = 0
+      executions.length = 0
       responses = [
-        ...Array.from({ length: 24 }, (_, index) => [
+        [
           LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
-          LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: `call-terminal-${index}`, name: "echo", input: { text: `${index}` } }),
+          LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: "call-terminal", name: "echo", input: { text: "done" } }),
           LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "tool-calls" }),
           LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "tool-calls" }),
-        ]),
+        ],
+        [
+          LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
+          LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: "call-forbidden", name: "echo", input: { text: "forbidden" } }),
+          LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "tool-calls" }),
+          LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "tool-calls" }),
+        ],
+      ]
+
+      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
+
+      expect(requests).toHaveLength(2)
+      expect(requests[0]?.toolChoice).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(requests[1]?.toolChoice).toMatchObject({ type: "none" })
+      expect(requests[1]?.tools).toEqual([])
+      expect(requests[1]?.messages.at(-1)).toMatchObject({
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [{ type: "text", text: expect.stringContaining("MAXIMUM STEPS REACHED") }],
+      })
+      expect(executions).toEqual(["done"])
+      expect(yield* session.context(sessionID)).toMatchObject([
+        { type: "user", text: "Finish at the limit" },
+        { type: "assistant", content: [{ type: "tool", id: "call-terminal", state: { status: "completed" } }] },
+        { type: "assistant", content: [{ type: "tool", id: "call-forbidden", state: { status: "error" } }] },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("resets the configured step allowance when steering input promotes", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* setup
+      const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
+      yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
+        editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("build"), (agent) => {
+          agent.steps = 2
+        }),
+      )
+      const session = yield* SessionV2.Service
+      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Start work" }), resume: false })
+
+      requests.length = 0
+      executions.length = 0
+      responses = [
+        [
+          LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
+          LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: "call-before-steer", name: "echo", input: { text: "before" } }),
+          LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "tool-calls" }),
+          LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "tool-calls" }),
+        ],
+        [
+          LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
+          LLMEvent.toolCall({ id: "call-after-steer", name: "echo", input: { text: "after" } }),
+          LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "tool-calls" }),
+          LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "tool-calls" }),
+        ],
         [
           LLMEvent.stepStart({ index: 0 }),
           LLMEvent.stepFinish({ index: 0, reason: "stop" }),
           LLMEvent.finish({ reason: "stop" }),
         ],
       ]
+      streamGate = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
+      streamStarted = yield* Deferred.make<void>()
 
-      yield* session.resume(sessionID)
+      const run = yield* session.resume(sessionID).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+      yield* Deferred.await(streamStarted)
+      yield* session.prompt({ sessionID, prompt: new Prompt({ text: "Change direction" }) })
+      yield* Deferred.succeed(streamGate, undefined)
+      yield* Fiber.join(run)
+      streamGate = undefined
+      streamStarted = undefined
 
-      expect(requests).toHaveLength(25)
+      expect(requests).toHaveLength(3)
+      expect(requests[1]?.toolChoice).toBeUndefined()
+      expect(requests[1]?.tools).not.toEqual([])
+      expect(requests[2]?.toolChoice).toMatchObject({ type: "none" })
+      expect(executions).toEqual(["before", "after"])
     }),
   )
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-todo.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-todo.test.ts
index d1d656af38a..ff10c405001 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-todo.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-todo.test.ts
@@ -11,10 +11,7 @@ import { SessionTable, TodoTable } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/sql"
 import { SessionTodo } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/todo"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const todos = SessionTodo.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(events))
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(database, events, todos))
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Database.defaultLayer, EventV2.defaultLayer, SessionTodo.defaultLayer))
 const sessionID = SessionV2.ID.make("ses_todo_test")
 
 const setup = Effect.gen(function* () {
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-tool-progress.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-tool-progress.test.ts
index 09cc159a20e..85dcb604a9b 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-tool-progress.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-tool-progress.test.ts
@@ -16,10 +16,7 @@ import { SessionProjector } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/projector"
 import { SessionTable, SessionMessageTable } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/sql"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const projector = SessionProjector.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(events), Layer.provide(database))
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(database, events, projector))
+const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(Database.defaultLayer, EventV2.defaultLayer, SessionProjector.defaultLayer))
 const timestamp = DateTime.makeUnsafe(1)
 const model = { id: ModelV2.ID.make("model"), providerID: ProviderV2.ID.make("provider") }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/skill.test.ts b/packages/core/test/skill.test.ts
index d0e01d0677e..46ee13d1201 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/skill.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/skill.test.ts
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@ describe("SkillV2", () => {
           })
 
           const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
-          const register = yield* skill.transform()
-          yield* register((editor) => {
+          yield* skill.transform((editor) => {
             editor.source({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make(first) })
             editor.source({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make(first) })
             editor.source({ type: "directory", path: AbsolutePath.make(second) })
@@ -108,15 +107,14 @@ describe("SkillV2", () => {
           urls.set("https://example.test/skills/", [AbsolutePath.make(tmp.path)])
 
           const agents = yield* AgentV2.Service
-          yield* agents.update((editor) =>
+          yield* agents.transform((editor) =>
             editor.update(AgentV2.ID.make("reviewer"), (agent) => {
               agent.permissions.push({ action: "skill", resource: "deploy", effect: "deny" })
             }),
           )
 
           const skill = yield* SkillV2.Service
-          const register = yield* skill.transform()
-          yield* register((editor) => editor.source({ type: "url", url: "https://example.test/skills/" }))
+          yield* skill.transform((editor) => editor.source({ type: "url", url: "https://example.test/skills/" }))
 
           expect((yield* skill.list()).map((item) => item.name)).toEqual(["deploy"])
           expect((yield* skill.list()).map((item) => item.name)).toEqual(["deploy"])
diff --git a/packages/core/test/skill/guidance.test.ts b/packages/core/test/skill/guidance.test.ts
index fce6ea1087e..9b35d9083ce 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/skill/guidance.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/skill/guidance.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import path from "path"
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { AgentV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { SkillV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/skill"
 import { SystemContext } from "@opencode-ai/core/system-context"
@@ -28,11 +27,8 @@ const denied = new SkillV2.Info({
   content: "Denied guidance",
 })
 
-const layer = (list: () => SkillV2.Info[], wait: () => void = () => {}) =>
-  SkillGuidance.layer.pipe(
-    Layer.provide(Layer.mock(SkillV2.Service, { list: () => Effect.succeed(list()) })),
-    Layer.provide(Layer.mock(PluginBoot.Service, { wait: () => Effect.sync(wait) })),
-  )
+const layer = (list: () => SkillV2.Info[]) =>
+  SkillGuidance.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(Layer.mock(SkillV2.Service, { list: () => Effect.succeed(list()) })))
 
 describe("SkillGuidance", () => {
   it.effect("renders described agent skills and reconciles the complete available list", () => {
@@ -41,14 +37,12 @@ describe("SkillGuidance", () => {
       permissions: [{ action: "skill", resource: "denied", effect: "deny" }],
     })
     let skills = [hidden, denied, effect]
-    let waited = 0
     return Effect.gen(function* () {
       const guidance = yield* SkillGuidance.Service
       const initialized = yield* guidance
         .load({ id: agent.id, info: agent })
         .pipe(Effect.flatMap(SystemContext.initialize))
 
-      expect(waited).toBe(1)
       expect(initialized.baseline).toBe(
         [
           "Skills provide specialized instructions and workflows for specific tasks.",
@@ -71,14 +65,7 @@ describe("SkillGuidance", () => {
         _tag: "Updated",
         text: expect.stringContaining("No skills are currently available."),
       })
-    }).pipe(
-      Effect.provide(
-        layer(
-          () => skills,
-          () => waited++,
-        ),
-      ),
-    )
+    }).pipe(Effect.provide(layer(() => skills)))
   })
 
   it.effect("omits guidance when the selected agent denies all skills", () => {
diff --git a/packages/core/test/state.test.ts b/packages/core/test/state.test.ts
index cb795f85682..505cd724e7e 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/state.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/state.test.ts
@@ -13,13 +13,16 @@ describe("State", () => {
       let block = true
       const state = State.create({
         initial: () => ({ values: [] as string[] }),
-        editor: (draft) => ({ add: (value: string) => draft.values.push(value) }),
+        draft: (draft) => ({ add: (value: string) => draft.values.push(value) }),
         finalize: () =>
           block ? Deferred.succeed(rebuilding, undefined).pipe(Effect.andThen(Deferred.await(release))) : Effect.void,
       })
       const scope = yield* Scope.make()
-      const update = yield* state.transform().pipe(Scope.provide(scope))
-      const fiber = yield* update((editor) => editor.add("registered")).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
+      const fiber = yield* state
+        .transform((editor) => {
+          editor.add("registered")
+        })
+        .pipe(Scope.provide(scope), Effect.forkChild)
       yield* Deferred.await(rebuilding)
       const interruption = yield* Fiber.interrupt(fiber).pipe(Effect.forkChild)
       block = false
@@ -31,4 +34,82 @@ describe("State", () => {
       expect(state.get().values).toEqual([])
     }),
   )
+
+  it.effect("runs effectful transforms during every reload", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      let value = "first"
+      const state = State.create({
+        initial: () => ({ values: [] as string[] }),
+        draft: (draft) => ({ add: (item: string) => draft.values.push(item) }),
+      })
+
+      yield* state.transform((editor) =>
+        Effect.sync(() => {
+          editor.add(value)
+        }),
+      )
+      expect(state.get().values).toEqual(["first"])
+
+      value = "second"
+      yield* state.reload()
+      expect(state.get().values).toEqual(["second"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("disposes a transform once and rebuilds remaining state", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const state = State.create({
+        initial: () => ({ values: [] as string[] }),
+        draft: (draft) => ({ add: (item: string) => draft.values.push(item) }),
+      })
+      yield* state.transform((editor) => {
+        editor.add("first")
+      })
+      const registration = yield* state.transform((editor) => {
+        editor.add("second")
+      })
+      expect(state.get().values).toEqual(["first", "second"])
+
+      yield* registration.dispose
+      expect(state.get().values).toEqual(["first"])
+
+      yield* registration.dispose
+      expect(state.get().values).toEqual(["first"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("batches automatic rebuilds", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      let finalized = 0
+      const first = State.create({
+        initial: () => ({ values: [] as string[] }),
+        draft: (draft) => ({ add: (item: string) => draft.values.push(item) }),
+        finalize: () => Effect.sync(() => finalized++),
+      })
+      const second = State.create({
+        initial: () => ({ values: [] as string[] }),
+        draft: (draft) => ({ add: (item: string) => draft.values.push(item) }),
+        finalize: () => Effect.sync(() => finalized++),
+      })
+
+      yield* State.batch(
+        Effect.gen(function* () {
+          yield* first.transform((draft) => {
+            draft.add("first")
+          })
+          yield* first.transform((draft) => {
+            draft.add("second")
+          })
+          yield* second.transform((draft) => {
+            draft.add("third")
+          })
+          expect(finalized).toBe(0)
+        }),
+      )
+
+      expect(first.get().values).toEqual(["first", "second"])
+      expect(second.get().values).toEqual(["third"])
+      expect(finalized).toBe(2)
+    }),
+  )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-bash.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-bash.test.ts
index 0fb2cd73551..9bbea5f0c3a 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-bash.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-bash.test.ts
@@ -134,10 +134,9 @@ describe("BashTool", () => {
             const definitions = yield* toolDefinitions(registry)
             expect(definitions.map((tool) => tool.name)).toEqual(["bash"])
             expect(definitions[0]?.inputSchema).not.toHaveProperty("properties.background")
+            expect(definitions[0]?.inputSchema).not.toHaveProperty("properties.description")
             expect(yield* toolDefinitions(registry, [{ action: "bash", resource: "*", effect: "deny" }])).toEqual([])
-            expect(
-              yield* settleTool(registry, call({ command: "pwd", description: "Print working directory" })),
-            ).toEqual({
+            expect(yield* settleTool(registry, call({ command: "pwd" }))).toEqual({
               result: { type: "text", value: "hello\n\n\nCommand exited with code 0." },
               output: {
                 structured: {
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-edit.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-edit.test.ts
index 57a354fc7c0..d8f96a58036 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-edit.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-edit.test.ts
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ test("keeps the locked edit schema, semantics docstring, and deferred TODOs visi
 
   expect(Object.keys(schema.properties ?? {}).sort()).toEqual(["newString", "oldString", "path", "replaceAll"])
   expect(source).toContain(
-    "Named project references\n * are read-oriented and deliberately are not accepted by mutation tools.",
+    "absolute external paths retain mutation capability through a separate\n * external_directory approval before edit approval.",
   )
   for (const todo of [
     "Port V1 fuzzy correction strategies only after exact-edit behavior is established: line-trimmed matching, block-anchor fallback, indentation correction, and similarity-threshold review.",
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-read-filesystem.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-read-filesystem.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c897786e891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-read-filesystem.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
+import { NodeFileSystem } from "@effect/platform-node"
+import path from "path"
+import { Effect, FileSystem, Layer } from "effect"
+import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/core/fs-util"
+import { ReadToolFileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool/read-filesystem"
+import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
+
+const it = testEffect(Layer.merge(FSUtil.defaultLayer, NodeFileSystem.layer))
+const fixture = Effect.gen(function* () {
+  const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+  const files = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem
+  const directory = yield* files.makeTempDirectoryScoped()
+  return { fs, files, directory }
+})
+
+describe("ReadToolFileSystem", () => {
+  it.effect("fails with a typed filesystem error when a resolved file disappears", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { fs, directory } = yield* fixture
+      const file = path.join(directory, "missing.txt")
+
+      const error = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.read(fs, file, "missing.txt").pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(error).toMatchObject({ _tag: "PlatformError" })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("fails when a file becomes the wrong path kind", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { fs, directory } = yield* fixture
+
+      const error = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.read(fs, directory, "folder").pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(ReadToolFileSystem.PathKindError)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("fails with a typed filesystem error when directory listing fails", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { fs, files, directory } = yield* fixture
+      const file = path.join(directory, "file.txt")
+      yield* files.writeFileString(file, "hello")
+
+      const error = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.list(fs, file).pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(FSUtil.FileSystemError)
+      if (error instanceof FSUtil.FileSystemError) expect(error.method).toBe("readDirectoryEntries")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("reports binary and malformed UTF-8 content as typed errors", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { fs, files, directory } = yield* fixture
+      const binary = path.join(directory, "archive.dat")
+      const malformed = path.join(directory, "malformed.txt")
+      yield* files.writeFile(binary, Uint8Array.of(0, 1, 2, 3))
+      const malformedContent = new Uint8Array(64 * 1024 + 1).fill(97)
+      malformedContent[64 * 1024] = 0x80
+      yield* files.writeFile(malformed, malformedContent)
+
+      const binaryError = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.read(fs, binary, "archive.dat").pipe(Effect.flip)
+      const malformedError = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.read(fs, malformed, "malformed.txt").pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(binaryError).toBeInstanceOf(ReadToolFileSystem.BinaryFileError)
+      expect(binaryError.message).toBe("Cannot read binary file: archive.dat")
+      expect(malformedError).toBeInstanceOf(ReadToolFileSystem.MalformedUtf8Error)
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("reports out-of-range pagination as a typed error", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { fs, files, directory } = yield* fixture
+      const file = path.join(directory, "short.txt")
+      yield* files.writeFileString(file, "one\n")
+
+      const error = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.read(fs, file, "short.txt", { offset: 2 }).pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(ReadToolFileSystem.OffsetOutOfRangeError)
+      expect(error.message).toBe("Offset 2 is out of range")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("stops reading after the requested page is complete", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { fs, files, directory } = yield* fixture
+      const prefix = new TextEncoder().encode("one\n")
+      for (const [name, trailing] of [
+        ["malformed.txt", 0x80],
+        ["nul.txt", 0],
+      ] as const) {
+        const file = path.join(directory, name)
+        yield* files.writeFile(file, Uint8Array.from([...prefix, trailing]))
+
+        const result = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.read(fs, file, name, { limit: 1 })
+
+        expect(result).toMatchObject({ type: "text-page", content: "one", truncated: true, next: 2 })
+      }
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("preserves the media ingestion limit message", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const { fs, files, directory } = yield* fixture
+      const file = path.join(directory, "oversized.png")
+      yield* files.writeFile(file, Uint8Array.of(0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47, 0x0d, 0x0a, 0x1a, 0x0a))
+      yield* files.truncate(file, ReadToolFileSystem.MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES + 1)
+
+      const error = yield* ReadToolFileSystem.read(fs, file, "oversized.png").pipe(Effect.flip)
+
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(ReadToolFileSystem.MediaIngestLimitError)
+      expect(error.message).toBe(
+        `Media exceeds ${ReadToolFileSystem.MAX_MEDIA_INGEST_BYTES} byte ingestion limit: oversized.png`,
+      )
+    }),
+  )
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-read.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-read.test.ts
index 605a1e17da5..fcbec061b2d 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-read.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-read.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { beforeEach, describe, expect } from "bun:test"
-import { Effect, Exit, Layer } from "effect"
+import path from "path"
+import { Effect, Exit, Layer, PlatformError } from "effect"
 import { Config } from "@opencode-ai/core/config"
 import { ConfigAttachments } from "@opencode-ai/core/config/attachments"
 import { FileSystem } from "@opencode-ai/core/filesystem"
@@ -18,6 +19,8 @@ import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { toolIdentity, executeTool, settleTool, toolDefinitions } from "./lib/tool"
 
 const assertions: PermissionV2.AssertInput[] = []
+const missingPath = "__missing_read_target__.txt"
+const missingAbsolutePath = path.join(process.cwd(), missingPath)
 const readCalls: {
   input: AbsolutePath
   page: ReadToolFileSystem.PageInput
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ let readResult: FileSystem.Content | ReadToolFileSystem.TextPage = {
   encoding: "utf8",
   mime: "text/plain",
 }
-let readFailure: unknown
+let readFailure: ReadToolFileSystem.ReadError | undefined
 let configEntries: Config.Entry[] = []
 const reader = Layer.succeed(
   ReadToolFileSystem.Service,
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ const reader = Layer.succeed(
     inspect: () => (resolveFailure === undefined ? Effect.succeed(resolvedType) : Effect.die(resolveFailure)),
     read: (input, _resource, page = {}) => {
       readCalls.push({ input, page })
-      if (readFailure !== undefined) return Effect.die(readFailure)
+      if (readFailure !== undefined) return Effect.fail(readFailure)
       return Effect.succeed(readResult)
     },
     list: (_path, input = {}) =>
@@ -70,7 +73,24 @@ const config = Layer.succeed(Config.Service, Config.Service.of({ entries: () =>
 const image = Image.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(config))
 const testFileSystem = Layer.effect(
   FSUtil.Service,
-  FSUtil.Service.use((fs) => Effect.succeed(FSUtil.Service.of({ ...fs, realPath: (path) => Effect.succeed(path) }))),
+  FSUtil.Service.use((fs) =>
+    Effect.succeed(
+      FSUtil.Service.of({
+        ...fs,
+        realPath: (path) =>
+          path === missingAbsolutePath
+            ? Effect.fail(
+                PlatformError.systemError({
+                  _tag: "NotFound",
+                  module: "FileSystem",
+                  method: "realPath",
+                  pathOrDescriptor: path,
+                }),
+              )
+            : Effect.succeed(path),
+      }),
+    ),
+  ),
 ).pipe(Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer))
 const infrastructure = Layer.mergeAll(
   testFileSystem,
@@ -145,7 +165,12 @@ describe("ReadTool", () => {
         },
       })
       expect(assertions).toMatchObject([{ sessionID, action: "read", resources: ["README.md"], save: ["*"] }])
-      expect(readCalls).toEqual([{ input: AbsolutePath.make(`${process.cwd()}/README.md`), page: {} }])
+      expect(readCalls).toEqual([
+        {
+          input: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(process.cwd(), "README.md")),
+          page: { offset: undefined, limit: undefined },
+        },
+      ])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -174,7 +199,12 @@ describe("ReadTool", () => {
           { type: "file", uri: `data:image/png;base64,${png}`, mime: "image/png", name: "pixel.png" },
         ],
       })
-      expect(readCalls).toEqual([{ input: AbsolutePath.make(`${process.cwd()}/pixel.png`), page: {} }])
+      expect(readCalls).toEqual([
+        {
+          input: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(process.cwd(), "pixel.png")),
+          page: { offset: undefined, limit: undefined },
+        },
+      ])
 
       const settled = yield* settleTool(registry, {
         sessionID,
@@ -412,9 +442,32 @@ describe("ReadTool", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("returns expected filesystem failures to the model", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      readFailure = new ReadToolFileSystem.BinaryFileError({ resource: "archive.dat" })
+      const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
+
+      expect(
+        yield* executeTool(registry, {
+          sessionID,
+          ...toolIdentity,
+          call: {
+            type: "tool-call",
+            id: "call-binary",
+            name: "read",
+            input: { path: "archive.dat", offset: 2, limit: 1 },
+          },
+        }),
+      ).toEqual({ type: "error", value: "Cannot read binary file: archive.dat" })
+      expect(readCalls).toEqual([
+        { input: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(process.cwd(), "archive.dat")), page: { offset: 2, limit: 1 } },
+      ])
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("preserves unexpected filesystem defects", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      readFailure = new ReadToolFileSystem.BinaryFileError("archive.dat")
+      resolveFailure = new Error("unexpected")
       const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
 
       expect(
@@ -422,18 +475,10 @@ describe("ReadTool", () => {
           yield* executeTool(registry, {
             sessionID,
             ...toolIdentity,
-            call: {
-              type: "tool-call",
-              id: "call-binary",
-              name: "read",
-              input: { path: "archive.dat", offset: 2, limit: 1 },
-            },
+            call: { type: "tool-call", id: "call-defect", name: "read", input: { path: "README.md" } },
           }).pipe(Effect.exit),
         ),
       ).toBe(true)
-      expect(readCalls).toEqual([
-        { input: AbsolutePath.make(`${process.cwd()}/archive.dat`), page: { offset: 2, limit: 1 } },
-      ])
     }),
   )
 
@@ -453,6 +498,22 @@ describe("ReadTool", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("returns missing paths as model-visible tool failures", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
+
+      expect(
+        yield* executeTool(registry, {
+          sessionID,
+          ...toolIdentity,
+          call: { type: "tool-call", id: "call-missing-path", name: "read", input: { path: missingPath } },
+        }),
+      ).toEqual({ type: "error", value: `Unable to read ${missingPath}` })
+      expect(assertions).toEqual([])
+      expect(readCalls).toEqual([])
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("lists a bounded directory page through read", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       resolvedType = "directory"
@@ -539,7 +600,7 @@ describe("ReadTool", () => {
         value: { type: "text-page", content: "hello", mime: "text/plain", offset: 2, truncated: true, next: 3 },
       })
       expect(readCalls).toEqual([
-        { input: AbsolutePath.make(`${process.cwd()}/large.txt`), page: { offset: 2, limit: 1 } },
+        { input: AbsolutePath.make(path.join(process.cwd(), "large.txt")), page: { offset: 2, limit: 1 } },
       ])
     }),
   )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-skill.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-skill.test.ts
index 8c08454c4f4..2848fc37aa1 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-skill.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-skill.test.ts
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/core/fs-util"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/permission"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { SessionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/session"
 import { SkillV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/skill"
@@ -42,16 +41,6 @@ describe("SkillTool", () => {
           let current = [info]
           const assertions: PermissionV2.AssertInput[] = []
           let deny = false
-          let bootWaited = false
-          const boot = Layer.succeed(
-            PluginBoot.Service,
-            PluginBoot.Service.of({
-              wait: () =>
-                Effect.sync(() => {
-                  bootWaited = true
-                }),
-            }),
-          )
           const permission = Layer.succeed(
             PermissionV2.Service,
             PermissionV2.Service.of({
@@ -69,7 +58,8 @@ describe("SkillTool", () => {
           const skills = Layer.succeed(
             SkillV2.Service,
             SkillV2.Service.of({
-              transform: () => Effect.die("unused"),
+              transform: (_transform) => Effect.die("unused"),
+              reload: () => Effect.die("unused"),
               sources: () => Effect.die("unused"),
               list: () => Effect.succeed(current),
             }),
@@ -79,14 +69,12 @@ describe("SkillTool", () => {
             Layer.provide(registry),
             Layer.provide(permission),
             Layer.provide(FSUtil.defaultLayer),
-            Layer.provide(boot),
             Layer.provide(skills),
           )
-          const layer = Layer.mergeAll(permission, skills, registry, boot, tool)
+          const layer = Layer.mergeAll(permission, skills, registry, tool)
 
           return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
             const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
-            expect(bootWaited).toBe(true)
             expect((yield* toolDefinitions(registry))[0]).toMatchObject({
               name: "skill",
               description: SkillTool.description,
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-todowrite.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-todowrite.test.ts
index c8d1799010a..38ba1900aaf 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-todowrite.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-todowrite.test.ts
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@ const permission = Layer.succeed(
     list: () => Effect.die("unused"),
   }),
 )
-const database = Database.layerFromPath(":memory:")
-const events = EventV2.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database))
-const todos = SessionTodo.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(database), Layer.provide(events))
 const registry = ToolRegistry.defaultLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(permission))
-const tool = TodoWriteTool.layer.pipe(Layer.provide(registry), Layer.provide(permission), Layer.provide(todos))
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(database, events, todos, permission, registry, tool))
+const tool = TodoWriteTool.layer.pipe(
+  Layer.provide(registry),
+  Layer.provide(permission),
+  Layer.provide(SessionTodo.defaultLayer),
+)
+const it = testEffect(
+  Layer.mergeAll(Database.defaultLayer, EventV2.defaultLayer, SessionTodo.defaultLayer, permission, registry, tool),
+)
 
 const setup = Effect.gen(function* () {
   assertions.length = 0
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-webfetch.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-webfetch.test.ts
index b2541e3e21f..5a856ffaf42 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-webfetch.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-webfetch.test.ts
@@ -176,6 +176,25 @@ describe("WebFetchTool registration", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("returns an error result when HTML-to-Markdown conversion throws", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      reset()
+      respond = () =>
+        Effect.succeed(
+          new Response("<div>".repeat(10_000) + "content" + "</div>".repeat(10_000), {
+            headers: { "content-type": "text/html" },
+          }),
+        )
+      const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
+      const url = "https://1.1.1.1/deep-html"
+
+      expect(yield* executeTool(registry, call({ url, format: "markdown" }))).toEqual({
+        type: "error",
+        value: `Unable to fetch ${url}`,
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("rejects declared and streamed oversized bodies", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       reset()
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-websearch.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-websearch.test.ts
index dc38a9c3502..9715dd5c7f2 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-websearch.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-websearch.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
 import { HttpClient, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { PermissionV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/permission"
@@ -66,8 +66,14 @@ interface Request {
 const requests: Request[] = []
 const assertions: PermissionV2.AssertInput[] = []
 let responseBody = payload("search results")
+let makeResponse = () => new Response(responseBody, { status: 200 })
 let config: WebSearchTool.Config = { enableExa: false, enableParallel: false }
 
+beforeEach(() => {
+  responseBody = payload("search results")
+  makeResponse = () => new Response(responseBody, { status: 200 })
+})
+
 const http = Layer.succeed(
   HttpClient.HttpClient,
   HttpClient.make((request) =>
@@ -78,7 +84,7 @@ const http = Layer.succeed(
         headers: request.headers,
         body: JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(request.body.body)),
       })
-      return HttpClientResponse.fromWeb(request, new Response(responseBody, { status: 200 }))
+      return HttpClientResponse.fromWeb(request, makeResponse())
     }),
   ),
 )
@@ -270,7 +276,22 @@ describe("WebSearchTool registration", () => {
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       requests.length = 0
       assertions.length = 0
-      responseBody = "x".repeat(WebSearchTool.MAX_RESPONSE_BYTES + 1)
+      let chunksRead = 0
+      let cancelled = false
+      makeResponse = () =>
+        new Response(
+          new ReadableStream({
+            pull(controller) {
+              chunksRead++
+              if (chunksRead === 10) throw new Error("response was not stopped at the byte limit")
+              controller.enqueue(new Uint8Array(64 * 1024))
+            },
+            cancel() {
+              cancelled = true
+            },
+          }),
+          { status: 200 },
+        )
       config = { provider: "exa", enableExa: false, enableParallel: false }
       const registry = yield* ToolRegistry.Service
 
@@ -281,6 +302,8 @@ describe("WebSearchTool registration", () => {
           call: { type: "tool-call", id: "call-large-response", name: "websearch", input: { query: "too much" } },
         }),
       ).toEqual({ type: "error", value: "Unable to search the web for too much" })
+      expect(chunksRead).toBeLessThan(10)
+      expect(cancelled).toBe(true)
     }),
   )
 })
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-write.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-write.test.ts
index de5c7c264aa..a81b32d37d3 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-write.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-write.test.ts
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ test("keeps the locked write schema, semantics docstring, and deferred UX TODOs
 
   expect(Object.keys(schema.properties ?? {}).sort()).toEqual(["content", "path"])
   expect(source).toContain(
-    "Named project references\n * are read-oriented and deliberately are not accepted by mutation tools.",
+    "absolute external paths retain mutation capability through a separate\n * external_directory approval before edit approval.",
   )
   for (const todo of [
     "Revisit whether model-facing mutation schemas should prefer absolute `filePath` naming for trained-in compatibility after evaluating model behavior.",
diff --git a/packages/desktop/package.json b/packages/desktop/package.json
index 7933b3982c9..d3bd09bc0f5 100644
--- a/packages/desktop/package.json
+++ b/packages/desktop/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/desktop",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "homepage": "https://opencode.ai",
diff --git a/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/examples/basic.ts b/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/examples/basic.ts
index 675aabcb857..80397cd6e6c 100644
--- a/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/examples/basic.ts
+++ b/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/examples/basic.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class Database extends Context.Service<Database, DatabaseShape>()("@opencode/exa
 
 class UserStoreError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<UserStoreError>()("UserStoreError", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 const mapStoreError = (message: string) => (cause: unknown) => new UserStoreError({ message, cause })
diff --git a/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/package.json b/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/package.json
index 033ccb4f0de..8fe9c58f5e2 100644
--- a/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/package.json
+++ b/packages/effect-drizzle-sqlite/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/effect-drizzle-sqlite",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/effect-sqlite-node/package.json b/packages/effect-sqlite-node/package.json
index 52860ade59b..3f8f18a9aaf 100644
--- a/packages/effect-sqlite-node/package.json
+++ b/packages/effect-sqlite-node/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/effect-sqlite-node",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/enterprise/package.json b/packages/enterprise/package.json
index cf775b9015c..69534b07f73 100644
--- a/packages/enterprise/package.json
+++ b/packages/enterprise/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/enterprise",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/function/package.json b/packages/function/package.json
index 5a9259f61b7..c4d35031cb1 100644
--- a/packages/function/package.json
+++ b/packages/function/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/function",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
diff --git a/packages/http-recorder/package.json b/packages/http-recorder/package.json
index 29bda69edf9..7c70a18f209 100644
--- a/packages/http-recorder/package.json
+++ b/packages/http-recorder/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/http-recorder",
   "description": "Record and replay Effect HTTP client traffic with deterministic cassettes",
   "type": "module",
@@ -51,10 +51,10 @@
     "typescript": "catalog:"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.74",
-    "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-beta.74"
+    "@effect/platform-node": "4.0.0-beta.83",
+    "@effect/platform-node-shared": "4.0.0-beta.83"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
-    "effect": "4.0.0-beta.74"
+    "effect": "4.0.0-beta.83"
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/llm/package.json b/packages/llm/package.json
index 205a27c3225..e1a691c0eed 100644
--- a/packages/llm/package.json
+++ b/packages/llm/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/llm",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/llm/src/protocols/bedrock-converse.ts b/packages/llm/src/protocols/bedrock-converse.ts
index 42dcaef5400..80412ca9ddb 100644
--- a/packages/llm/src/protocols/bedrock-converse.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/src/protocols/bedrock-converse.ts
@@ -412,6 +412,9 @@ const fromRequest = Effect.fn("BedrockConverse.fromRequest")(function* (request:
             stopSequences: generation?.stop,
           },
     toolConfig,
+    // Converse's base inferenceConfig has no topK; Anthropic/Nova accept it
+    // as a model-specific field, so it goes through additionalModelRequestFields.
+    additionalModelRequestFields: generation?.topK === undefined ? undefined : { top_k: generation.topK },
   }
 })
 
diff --git a/packages/llm/src/protocols/gemini.ts b/packages/llm/src/protocols/gemini.ts
index c8fa34b5096..3a2311c8fdc 100644
--- a/packages/llm/src/protocols/gemini.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/src/protocols/gemini.ts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ import { GeminiToolSchema } from "./utils/gemini-tool-schema"
 import { Lifecycle } from "./utils/lifecycle"
 
 const ADAPTER = "gemini"
-const IMAGE_MIMES = new Set<string>(ProviderShared.IMAGE_MIMES)
+const MEDIA_MIMES = new Set<string>(ProviderShared.MEDIA_MIMES)
 export const DEFAULT_BASE_URL = "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta"
 
 // =============================================================================
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ const lowerToolConfig = (toolChoice: NonNullable<LLMRequest["toolChoice"]>) =>
 
 const lowerUserPart = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerUserPart")(function* (part: TextPart | MediaPart) {
   if (part.type === "text") return { text: part.text }
-  const media = yield* ProviderShared.validateMedia("Gemini", part, IMAGE_MIMES)
+  const media = yield* ProviderShared.validateMedia("Gemini", part, MEDIA_MIMES)
   return { inlineData: { mimeType: media.mime, data: media.base64 } }
 })
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ const lowerMessages = Effect.fn("Gemini.lowerMessages")(function* (request: LLMR
       })
       for (const item of content) {
         if (item.type === "text") continue
-        const media = yield* ProviderShared.validateToolFile("Gemini", item, IMAGE_MIMES)
+        const media = yield* ProviderShared.validateToolFile("Gemini", item, MEDIA_MIMES)
         parts.push({ inlineData: { mimeType: media.mime, data: media.base64 } })
       }
     }
diff --git a/packages/llm/src/protocols/shared.ts b/packages/llm/src/protocols/shared.ts
index 4a1fed55398..c5b6003fd28 100644
--- a/packages/llm/src/protocols/shared.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/src/protocols/shared.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ export { isRecord }
 export const Json = Schema.fromJsonString(Schema.Unknown)
 export const decodeJson = Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Json)
 export const encodeJson = Schema.encodeSync(Json)
+const isJson = Schema.is(Schema.Json)
 export const JsonObject = Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)
 export const optionalArray = <const S extends Schema.Top>(schema: S) => Schema.optional(Schema.Array(schema))
 export const optionalNull = <const S extends Schema.Top>(schema: S) => Schema.optional(Schema.NullOr(schema))
@@ -188,8 +189,11 @@ export const parseToolInput = (route: string, name: string, raw: string) =>
   parseJson(route, raw || "{}", `Invalid JSON input for ${route} tool call ${name}`)
 
 export const IMAGE_MIMES = ["image/png", "image/jpeg", "image/gif", "image/webp"] as const
-export const MAX_MEDIA_ENCODED_BYTES = 8 * 1024 * 1024
-export const MAX_MEDIA_DECODED_BYTES = 6 * 1024 * 1024
+export const VIDEO_MIMES = ["video/mp4", "video/webm", "video/quicktime"] as const
+export const AUDIO_MIMES = ["audio/wav", "audio/mp3", "audio/aiff", "audio/aac", "audio/ogg", "audio/flac"] as const
+export const MEDIA_MIMES = [...IMAGE_MIMES, ...VIDEO_MIMES, ...AUDIO_MIMES] as const
+export const MAX_MEDIA_ENCODED_BYTES = 28 * 1024 * 1024
+export const MAX_MEDIA_DECODED_BYTES = 20 * 1024 * 1024
 
 const base64Pattern = /^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+/]{4})*(?:[A-Za-z0-9+/]{2}==|[A-Za-z0-9+/]{3}=)?$/
 
@@ -240,8 +244,14 @@ export const validateToolFile = (route: string, part: ToolFileContent, supported
 export const trimBaseUrl = (value: string) => value.replace(/\/+$/, "")
 
 export const toolResultText = (part: ToolResultPart) => {
-  if (part.result.type === "text" || part.result.type === "error") return String(part.result.value)
-  if (part.result.type === "content") return encodeJson(part.result.value)
+  if (part.result.type === "text") return String(part.result.value)
+  if (part.result.type === "error") {
+    const value = part.result.value
+    const prototype =
+      typeof value === "object" && value !== null && !Array.isArray(value) && Object.getPrototypeOf(value)
+    const structured = Array.isArray(value) || prototype === Object.prototype || prototype === null
+    return structured && isJson(value) ? encodeJson(value) : String(value)
+  }
   return encodeJson(part.result.value)
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/llm/src/schema/errors.ts b/packages/llm/src/schema/errors.ts
index 35546ca30b4..072e4e83892 100644
--- a/packages/llm/src/schema/errors.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/src/schema/errors.ts
@@ -202,6 +202,6 @@ export class LLMError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<LLMError>()("LLM.Error", {
  */
 export class ToolFailure extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ToolFailure>()("LLM.ToolFailure", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  error: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  error: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
   metadata: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)),
 }) {}
diff --git a/packages/llm/src/schema/events.ts b/packages/llm/src/schema/events.ts
index a685f07d5e1..3e46013521e 100644
--- a/packages/llm/src/schema/events.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/src/schema/events.ts
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ export const ToolError = Schema.Struct({
   id: ToolCallID,
   name: Schema.String,
   message: Schema.String,
-  error: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  error: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
   providerMetadata: Schema.optional(ProviderMetadata),
 }).annotate({ identifier: "LLM.Event.ToolError" })
 export type ToolError = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof ToolError>
diff --git a/packages/llm/test/provider/bedrock-converse.test.ts b/packages/llm/test/provider/bedrock-converse.test.ts
index 23483dda251..46657331a34 100644
--- a/packages/llm/test/provider/bedrock-converse.test.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/test/provider/bedrock-converse.test.ts
@@ -83,6 +83,26 @@ describe("Bedrock Converse route", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("passes topK through additionalModelRequestFields as top_k", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<BedrockConverse.BedrockConverseBody>(
+        LLM.updateRequest(baseRequest, { generation: { maxTokens: 64, temperature: 0, topK: 40 } }),
+      )
+
+      // Converse's inferenceConfig has no topK; Anthropic/Nova read it from
+      // additionalModelRequestFields as top_k.
+      expect(prepared.body.inferenceConfig).toEqual({ maxTokens: 64, temperature: 0 })
+      expect(prepared.body.additionalModelRequestFields).toEqual({ top_k: 40 })
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("omits additionalModelRequestFields when topK is unset", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<BedrockConverse.BedrockConverseBody>(baseRequest)
+      expect(prepared.body.additionalModelRequestFields).toBeUndefined()
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("lowers chronological system updates to wrapped user text in order", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<BedrockConverse.BedrockConverseBody>(
diff --git a/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-chat.test.ts b/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-chat.test.ts
index 9966b92e3de..5dbc89f1aee 100644
--- a/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-chat.test.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-chat.test.ts
@@ -224,6 +224,27 @@ describe("OpenAI Chat route", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("preserves structured tool errors for the model", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const error = { error: { type: "unknown", message: "Tool execution interrupted" } }
+      const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatBody>(
+        LLM.request({
+          model,
+          messages: [
+            Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "bash", input: {} })]),
+            Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "bash", resultType: "error", result: error }),
+          ],
+        }),
+      )
+
+      expect(prepared.body.messages.at(-1)).toEqual({
+        role: "tool",
+        tool_call_id: "call_1",
+        content: ProviderShared.encodeJson(error),
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+
   it.effect("continues image tool results as vision input without base64 text", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
       const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<OpenAIChat.OpenAIChatBody>(
diff --git a/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-responses.test.ts b/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-responses.test.ts
index 717a7e8024f..b854537fe20 100644
--- a/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-responses.test.ts
+++ b/packages/llm/test/provider/openai-responses.test.ts
@@ -360,6 +360,64 @@ describe("OpenAI Responses route", () => {
     }),
   )
 
+  it.effect("preserves structured tool errors for the model", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const error = {
+        error: { type: "unknown", message: "Tool execution interrupted" },
+        content: [],
+        structured: {},
+      }
+      const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<OpenAIResponses.OpenAIResponsesBody>(
+        LLM.request({
+          model,
+          messages: [
+            Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "bash", input: { command: "sleep 10" } })]),
+            Message.tool({
+              id: "call_1",
+              name: "bash",
+              resultType: "error",
+              result: error,
+            }),
+          ],
+        }),
+      )
+
+      expect(expectToolOutput(prepared.body).output).toBe(ProviderShared.encodeJson(error))
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("keeps primitive tool errors as plain text", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<OpenAIResponses.OpenAIResponsesBody>(
+        LLM.request({
+          model,
+          messages: [
+            Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "bash", input: {} })]),
+            Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "bash", resultType: "error", result: 503 }),
+          ],
+        }),
+      )
+
+      expect(expectToolOutput(prepared.body).output).toBe("503")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.effect("keeps non-JSON tool errors as plain text", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const prepared = yield* LLMClient.prepare<OpenAIResponses.OpenAIResponsesBody>(
+        LLM.request({
+          model,
+          messages: [
+            Message.assistant([ToolCallPart.make({ id: "call_1", name: "bash", input: {} })]),
+            Message.tool({ id: "call_1", name: "bash", resultType: "error", result: new Error("boom") }),
+          ],
+        }),
+      )
+
+      expect(expectToolOutput(prepared.body).output).toBe("Error: boom")
+    }),
+  )
+
   // Regression: screenshot/read tool results must stay structured so base64
   // image data is not JSON-stringified into `function_call_output.output`.
   it.effect("lowers image tool-result content as structured input_image items", () =>
diff --git a/packages/opencode/package.json b/packages/opencode/package.json
index fe6e8a8ff1b..139217e348a 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/package.json
+++ b/packages/opencode/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "name": "opencode",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/account/schema.ts b/packages/opencode/src/account/schema.ts
index 222296ff1bc..8c008435ab5 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/account/schema.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/account/schema.ts
@@ -33,19 +33,19 @@ export class Org extends Schema.Class<Org>("Org")({
 
 export class AccountRepoError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AccountRepoError>()("AccountRepoError", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export class AccountServiceError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AccountServiceError>()("AccountServiceError", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export class AccountTransportError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AccountTransportError>()("AccountTransportError", {
   method: Schema.String,
   url: Schema.String,
   description: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {
   static fromHttpClientError(error: HttpClientError.TransportError): AccountTransportError {
     return new AccountTransportError({
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class PollExpired extends Schema.TaggedClass<PollExpired>()("PollExpired"
 export class PollDenied extends Schema.TaggedClass<PollDenied>()("PollDenied", {}) {}
 
 export class PollError extends Schema.TaggedClass<PollError>()("PollError", {
-  cause: Schema.Defect,
+  cause: Schema.Defect(),
 }) {}
 
 export const PollResult = Schema.Union([PollSuccess, PollPending, PollSlow, PollExpired, PollDenied, PollError])
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/acp/tool.ts b/packages/opencode/src/acp/tool.ts
index d0e57cc2ecf..84ad2fdb722 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/acp/tool.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/acp/tool.ts
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ export function shellOutputSnapshot(state: { readonly metadata?: unknown }) {
 // For shell tools, surface the actual command as the title so it stays visible
 // before output lands; non-shell tools keep their model-provided title.
 function toolTitle(toolName: string, input: ToolInput, fallback: string | undefined) {
-  if (isShell(toolName)) return shellCommand(input) ?? stringValue(input.description) ?? fallback ?? toolName
+  if (isShell(toolName)) return shellCommand(input) ?? fallback ?? toolName
   return fallback || toolName
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/agent/agent.ts b/packages/opencode/src/agent/agent.ts
index b1430314fff..cb239381327 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/agent/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/agent/agent.ts
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ import { AbsolutePath, type DeepMutable } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-layer"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { Reference } from "@opencode-ai/core/reference"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
+import { PluginV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
 
 export const Info = Schema.Struct({
   name: Schema.String,
@@ -99,10 +99,12 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       Effect.fn("Agent.state")(function* (ctx) {
         const cfg = yield* config.get()
         const skillDirs = yield* skill.dirs()
-        const referenceDirs = yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* (yield* PluginBoot.Service).wait()
-          return (yield* (yield* Reference.Service).list()).map((reference) => reference.path)
-        }).pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(ctx.directory) }))))
+        const referenceDirs = Object.keys(cfg.references ?? cfg.reference ?? {}).length
+          ? yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+              yield* (yield* PluginV2.Service).wait(PluginV2.ID.make("core/config-reference"))
+              return (yield* (yield* Reference.Service).list()).map((reference) => reference.path)
+            }).pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(ctx.directory) }))))
+          : []
         const whitelistedDirs = [
           Truncate.GLOB,
           path.join(Global.Path.tmp, "*"),
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/auth/index.ts b/packages/opencode/src/auth/index.ts
index 5c18bc3caad..20f93798242 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/auth/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/auth/index.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ export type Info = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Info>
 
 export class AuthError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AuthError>()("AuthError", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 export interface Interface {
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/attach.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/attach.ts
index 278cee8a70b..6f5aea6a124 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/attach.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/attach.ts
@@ -41,14 +41,31 @@ export const AttachCommand = cmd({
         alias: ["u"],
         type: "string",
         describe: "basic auth username (defaults to OPENCODE_SERVER_USERNAME or 'opencode')",
+      })
+      .option("mini", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        describe: "start the minimal interactive interface",
+        default: false,
+      })
+      .option("replay", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        hidden: true,
+      })
+      .option("no-replay", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        describe: "disable mini session history replay on resume and after resize",
+      })
+      .option("replay-limit", {
+        type: "number",
+        describe: "cap visible mini replay to the newest N messages",
       }),
   handler: async (args) => {
-    const { TuiConfig } = await import("@/config/tui")
-    if (args.fork && !args.continue && !args.session) {
-      UI.error("--fork requires --continue or --session")
+    if (args.replay === true) {
+      UI.error("--replay is not supported; replay is enabled by default")
       process.exitCode = 1
       return
     }
+    const noReplay = args.replay === false || args.noReplay === true
 
     const directory = (() => {
       if (!args.dir) return undefined
@@ -60,6 +77,40 @@ export const AttachCommand = cmd({
         return args.dir
       }
     })()
+
+    if (args.mini) {
+      const { runMini } = await import("./run")
+      await runMini({
+        attach: args.url,
+        directory,
+        password: args.password,
+        username: args.username,
+        continue: args.continue,
+        session: args.session,
+        fork: args.fork,
+        replay: noReplay ? false : undefined,
+        replayLimit: args.replayLimit,
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    const unsupported = [
+      ["--no-replay", noReplay],
+      ["--replay-limit", args.replayLimit !== undefined],
+    ].find((entry) => entry[1])?.[0]
+    if (unsupported) {
+      UI.error(`${unsupported} requires --mini`)
+      process.exitCode = 1
+      return
+    }
+
+    const { TuiConfig } = await import("@/config/tui")
+    if (args.fork && !args.continue && !args.session) {
+      UI.error("--fork requires --continue or --session")
+      process.exitCode = 1
+      return
+    }
+
     const headers = ServerAuth.headers({ password: args.password, username: args.username })
     const config = await TuiConfig.get()
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/cmd.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/cmd.ts
index 05af009b884..910787f9407 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/cmd.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/cmd.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { CommandModule } from "yargs"
 
-export type WithDoubleDash<T> = T & { "--"?: string[] }
+export type WithDoubleDash<T> = T & { "--"?: string[]; _?: Array<string | number> }
 
 export function cmd<T, U>(input: CommandModule<T, WithDoubleDash<U>>) {
   return input
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/v2.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/v2.ts
index 74288529d4c..87a67b4bc06 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/v2.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/debug/v2.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import { EOL } from "os"
-import { Effect, Option } from "effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-layer"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { effectCmd } from "../../effect-cmd"
 
@@ -13,22 +12,16 @@ export const V2Command = effectCmd({
   instance: false,
   handler: () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* PluginBoot.Service.use((service) => service.wait())
       const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
       const providers = (yield* catalog.provider.available()).sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
       const all = (yield* catalog.provider.all()).sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
       const result = {
         providers,
-        default: catalog.model
-          .default()
-          .pipe(Effect.map(Option.map((item) => item.id)), Effect.map(Option.getOrUndefined)),
+        default: catalog.model.default().pipe(Effect.map((item) => item?.id)),
         small: Object.fromEntries(
           yield* Effect.all(
             all.map((provider) =>
-              Effect.map(
-                catalog.model.small(provider.id),
-                (model) => [provider.id, Option.getOrUndefined(Option.map(model, (item) => item.id))] as const,
-              ),
+              Effect.map(catalog.model.small(provider.id), (model) => [provider.id, model?.id] as const),
             ),
             { concurrency: "unbounded" },
           ),
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
index 6f4508cb0b0..fad09c3a7ad 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 import type { PermissionV1 } from "@opencode-ai/core/v1/permission"
-// CLI entry point for `opencode run`.
+import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/core/fs-util"
+// CLI entry point for `opencode run` and `opencode --mini`.
 //
 // Handles three modes:
 //   1. Non-interactive (default): sends a single prompt, streams events to
 //      stdout, and exits when the session goes idle.
-//   2. Interactive local (`--interactive`): boots the split-footer direct mode
+//   2. Interactive local (`opencode --mini`): boots the split-footer direct mode
 //      with an in-process server (no external HTTP).
-//   3. Interactive attach (`--interactive --attach`): connects to a running
+//   3. Interactive attach (`opencode --mini --attach`): connects to a running
 //      opencode server and runs interactive mode against it.
 //
 // Also supports `--command` for slash-command execution, `--format json` for
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import type { PermissionV1 } from "@opencode-ai/core/v1/permission"
 import type { Argv } from "yargs"
 import path from "path"
 import { pathToFileURL } from "url"
+import { open } from "node:fs/promises"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { UI } from "../ui"
 import { effectCmd } from "../effect-cmd"
@@ -54,6 +56,8 @@ type FilePart = {
   mime: string
 }
 
+const ATTACH_FILE_MAX_BYTES = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+
 type Inline = {
   icon: string
   title: string
@@ -213,21 +217,22 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
         type: "boolean",
         describe: "show thinking blocks",
       })
+      .option("mini", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        hidden: true,
+        default: false,
+      })
       .option("replay", {
         type: "boolean",
         default: true,
+        hidden: true,
         describe: "replay interactive session history on resume and after resize (use --no-replay to disable)",
       })
       .option("replay-limit", {
         type: "number",
+        hidden: true,
         describe: "cap visible interactive replay to the newest N messages",
       })
-      .option("interactive", {
-        alias: ["i"],
-        type: "boolean",
-        describe: "run in direct interactive split-footer mode",
-        default: false,
-      })
       .option("dangerously-skip-permissions", {
         type: "boolean",
         describe: "auto-approve permissions that are not explicitly denied (dangerous!)",
@@ -236,6 +241,7 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
       .option("demo", {
         type: "boolean",
         default: false,
+        hidden: true,
         describe: "enable direct interactive demo slash commands; pass one as the message to run it immediately",
       }),
   handler: Effect.fn("Cli.run")(function* (args) {
@@ -248,7 +254,8 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
     const localInstance = yield* InstanceRef
     yield* Effect.promise(async () => {
       const rawMessage = [...args.message, ...(args["--"] || [])].join(" ")
-      const thinking = args.interactive ? (args.thinking ?? true) : (args.thinking ?? false)
+      const interactive = args.mini
+      const thinking = interactive ? (args.thinking ?? true) : (args.thinking ?? false)
       const die = (message: string): never => {
         UI.error(message)
         process.exit(1)
@@ -265,20 +272,24 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
         .map((arg) => (arg.includes(" ") ? `"${arg.replace(/"/g, '\\"')}"` : arg))
         .join(" ")
 
-      if (args.interactive && args.command) {
-        die("--interactive cannot be used with --command")
+      if (interactive && args.command) {
+        die("--mini cannot be used with --command")
       }
 
-      if (args.demo && !args.interactive) {
-        die("--demo requires --interactive")
+      if (interactive && args._?.[0] !== "mini") {
+        die("--mini must be used without the run subcommand")
       }
 
-      if (args.interactive && args.format === "json") {
-        die("--interactive cannot be used with --format json")
+      if (args.demo && !interactive) {
+        die("--demo requires --mini")
       }
 
-      if (args["replay-limit"] !== undefined && !args.interactive) {
-        die("--replay-limit requires --interactive")
+      if (interactive && args.format === "json") {
+        die("--mini cannot be used with --format json")
+      }
+
+      if (args["replay-limit"] !== undefined && !interactive) {
+        die("--replay-limit requires --mini")
       }
 
       if (
@@ -288,11 +299,11 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
         die("--replay-limit must be a positive integer")
       }
 
-      if (args.interactive && !process.stdout.isTTY) {
-        die("--interactive requires a TTY stdout")
+      if (interactive && !process.stdout.isTTY) {
+        die("--mini requires a TTY stdout")
       }
 
-      if (args.interactive) {
+      if (interactive) {
         try {
           resolveInteractiveStdin().cleanup?.()
         } catch (error) {
@@ -300,7 +311,7 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
         }
       }
 
-      const replay = args.replay || args["replay-limit"] !== undefined
+      const replay = args.replay === false ? false : args.replay || args["replay-limit"] !== undefined
 
       const root = Filesystem.resolve(process.env.PWD ?? process.cwd())
       const directory = (() => {
@@ -337,11 +348,48 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
             process.exit(1)
           }
 
-          const mime = (await Filesystem.isDir(resolvedPath)) ? "application/x-directory" : "text/plain"
+          const stat = Filesystem.stat(resolvedPath)
+          const isDirectory = stat?.isDirectory() ?? false
+          if (args.attach && isDirectory) {
+            UI.error(`Cannot attach local directory without a shared filesystem: ${filePath}`)
+            process.exit(1)
+          }
+
+          const content = await (async () => {
+            if (!args.attach) return
+            const handle = await open(resolvedPath, "r")
+            try {
+              const opened = await handle.stat()
+              if (!opened.isFile() || Number(opened.size) > ATTACH_FILE_MAX_BYTES) {
+                UI.error(`Cannot attach local file larger than 10 MiB or a special file: ${filePath}`)
+                process.exit(1)
+              }
+              if (opened.size === 0) return Buffer.alloc(0)
+              const buffer = Buffer.alloc(Number(opened.size))
+              let offset = 0
+              while (offset < buffer.length) {
+                const read = await handle.read(buffer, offset, buffer.length - offset, offset)
+                if (read.bytesRead === 0) break
+                offset += read.bytesRead
+              }
+              return buffer.subarray(0, offset)
+            } finally {
+              await handle.close()
+            }
+          })()
+          const detected = FSUtil.mimeType(resolvedPath)
+          const text = content?.toString("utf8")
+          const mime = !args.attach
+            ? isDirectory
+              ? "application/x-directory"
+              : "text/plain"
+            : content && text !== undefined && Buffer.from(text, "utf8").equals(content)
+              ? "text/plain"
+              : detected
 
           files.push({
             type: "file",
-            url: pathToFileURL(resolvedPath).href,
+            url: content ? `data:${mime};base64,${content.toString("base64")}` : pathToFileURL(resolvedPath).href,
             filename: path.basename(resolvedPath),
             mime,
           })
@@ -352,7 +400,7 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
       message = resolveRunInput(message, piped) ?? ""
       const initialInput = resolveRunInput(rawMessage, piped)
 
-      if (message.trim().length === 0 && !args.command && !args.interactive) {
+      if (message.trim().length === 0 && !args.command && !interactive) {
         UI.error("You must provide a message or a command")
         process.exit(1)
       }
@@ -362,7 +410,7 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
         process.exit(1)
       }
 
-      const rules: PermissionV1.Ruleset = args.interactive
+      const rules: PermissionV1.Ruleset = interactive
         ? []
         : [
             {
@@ -760,7 +808,7 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
 
         await share(client, sessionID)
 
-        if (!args.interactive) {
+        if (!interactive) {
           const events = await client.event.subscribe()
           const completed = loop(client, events).catch((e) => {
             console.error(e)
@@ -834,7 +882,7 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
         return
       }
 
-      if (args.interactive && !args.attach && !args.session && !args.continue) {
+      if (interactive && !args.attach && !args.session && !args.continue) {
         const model = pick(args.model)
         const { runInteractiveLocalMode } = await import("./run/runtime")
         const fetchFn = (async (input: RequestInfo | URL, init?: RequestInit) => {
@@ -892,3 +940,52 @@ export const RunCommand = effectCmd({
     })
   }),
 })
+
+type MiniCommandInput = {
+  directory?: string
+  attach?: string
+  password?: string
+  username?: string
+  continue?: boolean
+  session?: string
+  fork?: boolean
+  model?: string
+  agent?: string
+  prompt?: string
+  replay?: boolean
+  replayLimit?: number
+  demo?: boolean
+}
+
+export async function runMini(input: MiniCommandInput) {
+  if (!RunCommand.handler) throw new Error("Mini command handler is unavailable")
+  await RunCommand.handler({
+    $0: "opencode",
+    _: ["mini"],
+    message: input.prompt ? [input.prompt] : [],
+    command: undefined,
+    continue: input.continue,
+    session: input.session,
+    fork: input.fork,
+    share: undefined,
+    model: input.model,
+    agent: input.agent,
+    format: "default",
+    file: undefined,
+    title: undefined,
+    attach: input.attach,
+    password: input.password,
+    username: input.username,
+    dir: input.directory,
+    port: undefined,
+    variant: undefined,
+    thinking: undefined,
+    mini: true,
+    replay: input.replay ?? true,
+    "replay-limit": input.replayLimit,
+    replayLimit: input.replayLimit,
+    "dangerously-skip-permissions": false,
+    dangerouslySkipPermissions: false,
+    demo: input.demo ?? false,
+  })
+}
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.stdin.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.stdin.ts
index dad46a7fb02..d236fb02c2e 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.stdin.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.stdin.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import fs from "fs"
 import * as tty from "node:tty"
 
-export const INTERACTIVE_INPUT_ERROR = "--interactive requires a controlling terminal for input"
+export const INTERACTIVE_INPUT_ERROR = "--mini requires a controlling terminal for input"
 
 type InteractiveStdin = {
   stdin: NodeJS.ReadStream
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.ts
index 65cd15f1ad0..90cddffa222 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/runtime.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Top-level orchestrator for `run --interactive`.
+// Top-level orchestrator for `opencode --mini`.
 //
 // Wires the boot sequence, lifecycle (renderer + footer), stream transport,
 // and prompt queue together into a single session loop. Two entry points:
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/splash.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/splash.ts
index 20194b95ce9..141ff6fc553 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/splash.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/splash.ts
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ function build(input: SplashWriterInput, kind: "entry" | "exit", ctx: Scrollback
       lines,
       body_left + label.length,
       top + 1,
-      `opencode run -i -s ${meta.session_id}`,
+      `opencode --mini -s ${meta.session_id}`,
       right,
       undefined,
       TextAttributes.BOLD,
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/tool.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/tool.ts
index 52b29528b27..9a717ba4e6c 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/tool.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/tool.ts
@@ -623,20 +623,18 @@ function snapQuestion(p: ToolProps<typeof QuestionTool>): ToolSnapshot {
 
 function scrollBashStart(p: ToolProps<typeof BashTool>): string {
   const cmd = p.input.command ?? ""
-  const desc = p.input.description || "Shell"
   const wd = p.input.workdir ?? ""
-  const dir = wd && wd !== "." ? toolPath(wd) : ""
-  if (cmd && desc === "Shell" && !dir) {
+  const formatted = wd && wd !== "." ? toolPath(wd) : ""
+  const dir = formatted === "." ? "" : formatted
+  if (cmd && !dir) {
     return `$ ${cmd}`
   }
 
-  const title = dir && !desc.includes(dir) ? `${desc} in ${dir}` : desc
-
   if (!cmd) {
-    return `# ${title}`
+    return dir ? `# Running in ${dir}` : ""
   }
 
-  return `# ${title}\n$ ${cmd}`
+  return `# Running in ${dir}\n$ ${cmd}`
 }
 
 function scrollBashProgress(p: ToolProps<typeof BashTool>): string {
@@ -968,11 +966,10 @@ function permList(p: ToolPermissionProps): ToolPermissionInfo {
 }
 
 function permBash(p: ToolPermissionProps<typeof BashTool>): ToolPermissionInfo {
-  const title = p.input.description || "Shell command"
   const cmd = p.input.command || ""
   return {
     icon: "#",
-    title,
+    title: "Shell command",
     lines: cmd ? [`$ ${cmd}`] : p.patterns.map((item) => `- ${item}`),
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/types.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/types.ts
index 62e1a2d8a4c..a914922e487 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/types.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/run/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Shared type vocabulary for the direct interactive mode (`run --interactive`).
+// Shared type vocabulary for the direct interactive mode (`opencode --mini`).
 //
 // Direct mode uses a split-footer terminal layout: immutable scrollback for the
 // session transcript, and a mutable footer for prompt input, status, and
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui.ts
index 68941e976ac..329874791db 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/cmd/tui.ts
@@ -103,8 +103,73 @@ export const TuiThreadCommand = cmd({
       .option("agent", {
         type: "string",
         describe: "agent to use",
+      })
+      .option("mini", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        describe: "start the minimal interactive interface",
+        default: false,
+      })
+      .option("replay", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        hidden: true,
+      })
+      .option("no-replay", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        describe: "disable mini session history replay on resume and after resize",
+      })
+      .option("replay-limit", {
+        type: "number",
+        describe: "cap visible mini replay to the newest N messages",
+      })
+      .option("demo", {
+        type: "boolean",
+        hidden: true,
       }),
   handler: async (args) => {
+    if (args.replay === true) {
+      UI.error("--replay is not supported; replay is enabled by default")
+      process.exitCode = 1
+      return
+    }
+    const noReplay = args.replay === false || args.noReplay === true
+
+    if (args.mini) {
+      const network = ["--port", "--hostname", "--mdns", "--no-mdns", "--mdns-domain", "--cors"].find((option) =>
+        process.argv.some((arg) => arg === option || arg.startsWith(option + "=")),
+      )
+      if (network) {
+        UI.error(`${network} cannot be used with --mini`)
+        process.exitCode = 1
+        return
+      }
+
+      const { runMini } = await import("./run")
+      await runMini({
+        directory: resolveThreadDirectory(args.project),
+        continue: args.continue,
+        session: args.session,
+        fork: args.fork,
+        model: args.model,
+        agent: args.agent,
+        prompt: args.prompt,
+        replay: noReplay ? false : undefined,
+        replayLimit: args.replayLimit,
+        demo: args.demo,
+      })
+      return
+    }
+
+    const unsupported = [
+      ["--no-replay", noReplay],
+      ["--replay-limit", args.replayLimit !== undefined],
+      ["--demo", args.demo !== undefined],
+    ].find((entry) => entry[1])?.[0]
+    if (unsupported) {
+      UI.error(`${unsupported} requires --mini`)
+      process.exitCode = 1
+      return
+    }
+
     const unguard = win32InstallCtrlCGuard()
     try {
       const { TuiConfig } = await import("@/config/tui")
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/cli/tui/worker.ts b/packages/opencode/src/cli/tui/worker.ts
index 9f33cd5b934..4cf6b2d446b 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/cli/tui/worker.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/cli/tui/worker.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,13 @@ import { disposeAllInstancesAndEmitGlobalDisposed } from "@/server/global-lifecy
 
 Heap.start()
 
+const onUnhandledRejection = (_error: unknown) => {}
+
+const onUncaughtException = (_error: Error) => {}
+
+process.on("unhandledRejection", onUnhandledRejection)
+process.on("uncaughtException", onUncaughtException)
+
 // Subscribe to global events and forward them via RPC
 GlobalBus.on("event", (event) => {
   Rpc.emit("global.event", event)
@@ -65,6 +72,8 @@ export const rpc = {
   async shutdown() {
     await InstanceRuntime.disposeAllInstances()
     if (server) await server.stop(true)
+    process.off("unhandledRejection", onUnhandledRejection)
+    process.off("uncaughtException", onUncaughtException)
   },
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/control-plane/workspace.ts b/packages/opencode/src/control-plane/workspace.ts
index 76aab6ef61a..0fdd6f0c7dc 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/control-plane/workspace.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/control-plane/workspace.ts
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ export class SyncTimeoutError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<SyncTimeoutError>(
 
 export class SyncAbortedError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<SyncAbortedError>()("WorkspaceSyncAbortedError", {
   message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 type CreateError = Auth.AuthError
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/event-v2-bridge.ts b/packages/opencode/src/event-v2-bridge.ts
index 14a8053f978..4cef7311dcb 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/event-v2-bridge.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/event-v2-bridge.ts
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
           workspace: workspaceID,
           payload: { id: event.id, type: event.type, properties: event.data },
         })
-        const sync = EventV2.registry.get(event.type)?.sync
-        if (sync === undefined || event.seq === undefined || event.version === undefined) return
-        const aggregateID = (event.data as Record<string, unknown>)[sync.aggregate]
+        const durable = EventV2.registry.get(event.type)?.durable
+        if (durable === undefined || event.durable === undefined) return
+        const aggregateID = (event.data as Record<string, unknown>)[durable.aggregate]
         if (typeof aggregateID !== "string") return
         GlobalBus.emit("event", {
           directory: event.location?.directory ?? ctx?.directory,
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             type: "sync",
             syncEvent: {
               id: event.id,
-              type: EventV2.versionedType(event.type, event.version),
-              seq: event.seq,
+              type: EventV2.versionedType(event.type, event.durable.version),
+              seq: event.durable.seq,
               aggregateID,
               data: event.data,
             },
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/lsp/client.ts b/packages/opencode/src/lsp/client.ts
index 0949ec1be08..08d8a53d9be 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/lsp/client.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/lsp/client.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export type Diagnostic = VSCodeDiagnostic
 
 export class InitializeError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<InitializeError>()("LSPInitializeError", {
   serverID: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {}
 
 type DocumentDiagnosticReport = {
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/plugin/github-copilot/copilot.ts b/packages/opencode/src/plugin/github-copilot/copilot.ts
index ff7f867ab7d..9c744db89b2 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/plugin/github-copilot/copilot.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/plugin/github-copilot/copilot.ts
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ export async function CopilotAuthPlugin(input: PluginInput): Promise<Hooks> {
         return CopilotModels.get(
           base(auth.enterpriseUrl),
           {
+            ...(provider.options?.headers as Record<string, string> | undefined),
             Authorization: `Bearer ${auth.refresh}`,
             "User-Agent": `opencode/${InstallationVersion}`,
             "X-GitHub-Api-Version": API_VERSION,
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/plugin/openai/codex.ts b/packages/opencode/src/plugin/openai/codex.ts
index 93c22ea6af3..c13a9c439d4 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/plugin/openai/codex.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/plugin/openai/codex.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ const CODEX_API_ENDPOINT = "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex/responses"
 const OAUTH_PORT = 1455
 const OAUTH_POLLING_SAFETY_MARGIN_MS = 3000
 const ALLOWED_MODELS = new Set(["gpt-5.5", "gpt-5.3-codex-spark", "gpt-5.4", "gpt-5.4-mini"])
+const DISALLOWED_MODELS = new Set(["gpt-5.5-pro"])
 
 interface PkceCodes {
   verifier: string
@@ -370,6 +371,7 @@ export async function CodexAuthPlugin(input: PluginInput, options: CodexAuthPlug
           Object.entries(provider.models)
             .filter(([, model]) => {
               if (ALLOWED_MODELS.has(model.api.id)) return true
+              if (DISALLOWED_MODELS.has(model.api.id)) return false
               const match = model.api.id.match(/^gpt-(\d+\.\d+)/)
               return match ? parseFloat(match[1]) > 5.4 : false
             })
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/provider/provider.ts b/packages/opencode/src/provider/provider.ts
index 63ad8d0d7f6..d7c85f2ee6a 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/provider/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/provider/provider.ts
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ export class ModelNotFoundError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelNotFoundErr
   providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
   modelID: ModelV2.ID,
   suggestions: Schema.optional(Schema.Array(Schema.String)),
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {
   static isInstance(input: unknown): input is ModelNotFoundError {
     return input instanceof ModelNotFoundError
@@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ export class ModelNotFoundError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<ModelNotFoundErr
 
 export class InitError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<InitError>()("ProviderInitError", {
   providerID: ProviderV2.ID,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
+  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect()),
 }) {
   static isInstance(input: unknown): input is InitError {
     return input instanceof InitError
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/provider/transform.ts b/packages/opencode/src/provider/transform.ts
index 92ff8fece83..e459380faae 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/provider/transform.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/provider/transform.ts
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ function normalizeMessages(
   if (
     model.providerID === "mistral" ||
     model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("mistral") ||
-    model.api.id.toLocaleLowerCase().includes("devstral")
+    model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("devstral")
   ) {
     const scrub = (id: string) => {
       return id
@@ -666,6 +666,9 @@ export function variants(model: Provider.Model): Record<string, Record<string, a
   if (!model.capabilities.reasoning) return {}
 
   const id = model.id.toLowerCase()
+  const glm52 = ["glm-5.2", "glm-5-2", "glm-5p2"].some(
+    (name) => id.includes(name) || model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes(name),
+  )
   if (
     model.api.id.toLowerCase().includes("minimax-m3") &&
     ["@ai-sdk/anthropic", "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible"].includes(model.api.npm)
@@ -677,13 +680,32 @@ export function variants(model: Provider.Model): Record<string, Record<string, a
   }
   const adaptiveThinkingOmitted = anthropicOmitsThinking(model.api.id)
   const adaptiveEfforts = anthropicAdaptiveEfforts(model.api.id)
+  if (glm52 && model.api.npm === "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider") {
+    // OpenRouter maps xhigh to GLM-5.2's native max effort.
+    return {
+      high: { reasoning: { effort: "high" } },
+      xhigh: { reasoning: { effort: "xhigh" } },
+    }
+  }
+  if (glm52 && model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible") {
+    return {
+      high: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+      max: { reasoningEffort: "max" },
+    }
+  }
+  if (glm52 && model.api.npm === "@ai-sdk/anthropic") {
+    return {
+      high: { effort: "high" },
+      max: { effort: "max" },
+    }
+  }
   if (
     id.includes("deepseek-chat") ||
     id.includes("deepseek-reasoner") ||
     id.includes("deepseek-r1") ||
     id.includes("deepseek-v3") ||
     id.includes("minimax") ||
-    id.includes("glm") ||
+    (id.includes("glm") && !glm52) ||
     id.includes("kimi") ||
     id.includes("k2p") ||
     id.includes("qwen") ||
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/experimental.ts b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/experimental.ts
index 378e0b72174..52c714a5ae6 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/experimental.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/experimental.ts
@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ const ConsoleStateResponse = Schema.Struct({
   switchableOrgCount: NonNegativeInt,
 }).annotate({ identifier: "ConsoleState" })
 
+const CapabilitiesResponse = Schema.Struct({
+  backgroundSubagents: Schema.Boolean,
+}).annotate({ identifier: "ExperimentalCapabilities" })
+
 const ConsoleOrgOption = Schema.Struct({
   accountID: Schema.String,
   accountEmail: Schema.String,
@@ -84,6 +88,7 @@ export const SessionListQuery = Schema.Struct({
 })
 
 export const ExperimentalPaths = {
+  capabilities: "/experimental/capabilities",
   console: "/experimental/console",
   consoleOrgs: "/experimental/console/orgs",
   consoleSwitch: "/experimental/console/switch",
@@ -100,6 +105,16 @@ export const ExperimentalApi = HttpApi.make("experimental")
   .add(
     HttpApiGroup.make("experimental")
       .add(
+        HttpApiEndpoint.get("capabilities", ExperimentalPaths.capabilities, {
+          query: WorkspaceRoutingQuery,
+          success: described(CapabilitiesResponse, "Experimental capabilities"),
+        }).annotateMerge(
+          OpenApi.annotations({
+            identifier: "experimental.capabilities.get",
+            summary: "Get experimental capabilities",
+            description: "Get experimental features enabled on the OpenCode server.",
+          }),
+        ),
         HttpApiEndpoint.get("console", ExperimentalPaths.console, {
           query: WorkspaceRoutingQuery,
           success: described(ConsoleStateResponse, "Active Console provider metadata"),
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/global.ts b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/global.ts
index 87556a1ad61..3e13154867d 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/global.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/global.ts
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ const GlobalHealth = Schema.Struct({
 const SyncEventSchemas = EventV2.registry
   .values()
   .flatMap((definition) => {
-    if (!definition.sync) return []
+    if (!definition.durable) return []
     return [
       Schema.Struct({
         type: Schema.Literal("sync"),
         id: EventV2.ID,
         syncEvent: Schema.Struct({
-          type: Schema.Literal(EventV2.versionedType(definition.type, definition.sync.version)),
+          type: Schema.Literal(EventV2.versionedType(definition.type, definition.durable.version)),
           id: EventV2.ID,
           seq: Schema.Finite,
           aggregateID: Schema.String,
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/experimental.ts b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/experimental.ts
index 57d6464d90c..caed5440052 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/experimental.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/handlers/experimental.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ export const experimentalHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "exper
     const background = yield* BackgroundJob.Service
     const flags = yield* RuntimeFlags.Service
 
+    const capabilities = Effect.fn("ExperimentalHttpApi.capabilities")(function* () {
+      return { backgroundSubagents: flags.experimentalBackgroundSubagents }
+    })
+
     const getConsole = Effect.fn("ExperimentalHttpApi.console")(function* () {
       const [state, groups] = yield* Effect.all(
         [
@@ -171,6 +175,7 @@ export const experimentalHandlers = HttpApiBuilder.group(InstanceHttpApi, "exper
     })
 
     return handlers
+      .handle("capabilities", capabilities)
       .handle("console", getConsole)
       .handle("consoleOrgs", listConsoleOrgs)
       .handle("consoleSwitch", switchConsole)
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/public.ts b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/public.ts
index 8517da276fb..2a7266c5118 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/public.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/public.ts
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ function matchLegacyOpenApi(input: Record<string, unknown>) {
         normalizeLegacyErrorResponses(operation)
       }
       normalizeLegacyOperation(operation, path, method)
-      if ((path === "/event" || path === "/global/event") && method === "get") {
+      if ((path === "/event" || path === "/global/event" || path === "/api/event") && method === "get") {
         // HttpApi has no first-class SSE response schema, and these handlers are
         // raw/streaming routes. Document the actual wire protocol explicitly.
         operation.responses!["200"] = {
@@ -162,7 +162,9 @@ function matchLegacyOpenApi(input: Record<string, unknown>) {
               schema:
                 path === "/event"
                   ? { $ref: "#/components/schemas/Event" }
-                  : { $ref: "#/components/schemas/GlobalEvent" },
+                  : path === "/global/event"
+                    ? { $ref: "#/components/schemas/GlobalEvent" }
+                    : { $ref: "#/components/schemas/V2Event" },
             },
           },
         }
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/server.ts b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/server.ts
index 09e25de8cb8..b74df8deb83 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/server.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/server.ts
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ export function createRoutes(
     ]),
     Layer.provide(LayerNode.buildLayer(app)),
     Layer.provide(Layer.succeed(CorsConfig)(corsOptions)),
-    Layer.provide(Observability.layer),
+    Layer.provideMerge(Observability.layer),
   )
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/session/message-v2.ts b/packages/opencode/src/session/message-v2.ts
index 1590e089037..813fe49f325 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/message-v2.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/message-v2.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
 import { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
 import { APICallError, convertToModelMessages, LoadAPIKeyError, type ModelMessage, type UIMessage } from "ai"
 import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
+import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/layer-node"
 import { NotFoundError } from "@/storage/storage"
 import { and } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { desc } from "drizzle-orm"
@@ -38,6 +39,8 @@ import type { SystemError } from "bun"
 import type { Provider } from "@/provider/provider"
 import { Effect, Schema } from "effect"
 
+export const node = LayerNode.group([Database.node])
+
 /** Error shape thrown by Bun's fetch() when gzip/br decompression fails mid-stream */
 interface FetchDecompressionError extends Error {
   code: "ZlibError"
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts b/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
index b3f85c813f2..a1f4d95c33c 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/prompt.ts
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { SessionCompaction } from "./compaction"
 import { SystemPrompt } from "./system"
 import { Instruction } from "./instruction"
 import { Plugin } from "../plugin"
-import MAX_STEPS from "../session/prompt/max-steps.txt"
+import { MAX_STEPS_PROMPT } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/max-steps"
 import { ToolRegistry } from "@/tool/registry"
 import { MCP } from "../mcp"
 import { LSP } from "@/lsp/lsp"
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
                   time: { ...part.state.time, end: completed },
                   input: part.state.input,
                   title: "",
-                  metadata: { output, description: "" },
+                  metadata: { output },
                   output,
                 }
                 yield* sessions.updatePart(part)
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
                 Effect.gen(function* () {
                   output += chunk
                   if (part.state.status === "running") {
-                    part.state.metadata = { output, description: "" }
+                    part.state.metadata = { output }
                     yield* sessions.updatePart(part)
                   }
                 }),
@@ -1304,24 +1304,6 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
             if (step === 1)
               yield* summary.summarize({ sessionID, messageID: lastUser.id }).pipe(Effect.ignore, Effect.forkIn(scope))
 
-            if (step > 1 && lastFinished) {
-              for (const m of msgs) {
-                if (m.info.role !== "user" || m.info.id <= lastFinished.id) continue
-                for (const p of m.parts) {
-                  if (p.type !== "text" || p.ignored || p.synthetic) continue
-                  if (!p.text.trim()) continue
-                  p.text = [
-                    "<system-reminder>",
-                    "The user sent the following message:",
-                    p.text,
-                    "",
-                    "Please address this message and continue with your tasks.",
-                    "</system-reminder>",
-                  ].join("\n")
-                }
-              }
-            }
-
             yield* plugin.trigger("experimental.chat.messages.transform", {}, { messages: msgs })
 
             const [skills, env, instructions, modelMsgs] = yield* Effect.all([
@@ -1340,7 +1322,10 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
               sessionID,
               parentSessionID: session.parentID,
               system,
-              messages: [...modelMsgs, ...(isLastStep ? [{ role: "assistant" as const, content: MAX_STEPS }] : [])],
+              messages: [
+                ...modelMsgs,
+                ...(isLastStep ? [{ role: "assistant" as const, content: MAX_STEPS_PROMPT }] : []),
+              ],
               tools,
               model,
               toolChoice: format.type === "json_schema" ? "required" : undefined,
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/session/system.ts b/packages/opencode/src/session/system.ts
index 74401779d35..49b79018579 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/session/system.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/session/system.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import { Skill } from "@/skill"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-layer"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { Reference } from "@opencode-ai/core/reference"
 
 export function provider(model: Provider.Model) {
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ export const layer = Layer.effect(
       environment: Effect.fn("SystemPrompt.environment")(function* (model: Provider.Model) {
         const ctx = yield* InstanceState.context
         const references = yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-          yield* (yield* PluginBoot.Service).wait()
           return (yield* (yield* Reference.Service).list()).filter((reference) => reference.description !== undefined)
         }).pipe(Effect.provide(locations.get(Location.Ref.make({ directory: AbsolutePath.make(ctx.directory) }))))
         return [
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell.ts b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell.ts
index 620378dc104..1e4423e0177 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell.ts
@@ -260,11 +260,7 @@ const parse = Effect.fn("ShellTool.parse")(function* (command: string, ps: boole
   return tree
 })
 
-const ask = Effect.fn("ShellTool.ask")(function* (
-  ctx: Tool.Context,
-  scan: Scan,
-  input: { command: string; description: string },
-) {
+const ask = Effect.fn("ShellTool.ask")(function* (ctx: Tool.Context, scan: Scan, input: { command: string }) {
   if (scan.dirs.size > 0) {
     const directories = Array.from(scan.dirs)
     const globs = directories.map((dir) => {
@@ -277,7 +273,6 @@ const ask = Effect.fn("ShellTool.ask")(function* (
       always: globs,
       metadata: {
         command: input.command,
-        description: input.description,
         directories,
         patterns: globs,
       },
@@ -291,7 +286,6 @@ const ask = Effect.fn("ShellTool.ask")(function* (
     always: Array.from(scan.always),
     metadata: {
       command: input.command,
-      description: input.description,
     },
   })
 })
@@ -438,7 +432,6 @@ export const ShellTool = Tool.define(
         cwd: string
         env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv
         timeout: number
-        description: string
       },
       ctx: Tool.Context,
     ) {
@@ -482,7 +475,6 @@ export const ShellTool = Tool.define(
       yield* ctx.metadata({
         metadata: {
           output: "",
-          description: input.description,
         },
       })
 
@@ -523,7 +515,6 @@ export const ShellTool = Tool.define(
                       ctx.metadata({
                         metadata: {
                           output: last,
-                          description: input.description,
                         },
                       }),
                     ),
@@ -534,7 +525,6 @@ export const ShellTool = Tool.define(
               return ctx.metadata({
                 metadata: {
                   output: last,
-                  description: input.description,
                 },
               })
             }),
@@ -593,11 +583,10 @@ export const ShellTool = Tool.define(
         output += "\n\n<shell_metadata>\n" + meta.join("\n") + "\n</shell_metadata>"
       }
       return {
-        title: input.description,
+        title: input.command,
         metadata: {
           output: last || preview(output),
           exit: code,
-          description: input.description,
           truncated: cut,
           ...(cut && file ? { outputPath: file } : {}),
         },
@@ -646,7 +635,6 @@ export const ShellTool = Tool.define(
                   cwd,
                   env: yield* shellEnv(ctx, cwd),
                   timeout,
-                  description: params.description,
                 },
                 ctx,
               )
diff --git a/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/prompt.ts b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/prompt.ts
index bec50d98d9b..b576b772976 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/prompt.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/src/tool/shell/prompt.ts
@@ -7,30 +7,22 @@ import { ShellID } from "./id"
 const PS = new Set(["powershell", "pwsh"])
 const CMD = new Set(["cmd"])
 
-const descriptions = {
-  bash: "Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:\nInput: ls\nOutput: Lists files in current directory\n\nInput: git status\nOutput: Shows working tree status\n\nInput: npm install\nOutput: Installs package dependencies\n\nInput: mkdir foo\nOutput: Creates directory 'foo'",
-  powershell:
-    'Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:\nInput: Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath "."\nOutput: Lists current directory\n\nInput: git status\nOutput: Shows working tree status\n\nInput: npm install\nOutput: Installs package dependencies\n\nInput: New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path "tmp"\nOutput: Creates directory tmp',
-  cmd: 'Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:\nInput: dir\nOutput: Lists current directory\n\nInput: if exist "package.json" type "package.json"\nOutput: Prints package.json when it exists\n\nInput: mkdir tmp\nOutput: Creates directory tmp',
-}
-
 export type Limits = {
   maxLines: number
   maxBytes: number
 }
 
-export function parameterSchema(description: string) {
+export function parameterSchema() {
   return Schema.Struct({
     command: Schema.String.annotate({ description: "The command to execute" }),
     timeout: Schema.optional(PositiveInt).annotate({ description: "Optional timeout in milliseconds" }),
     workdir: Schema.optional(Schema.String).annotate({
       description: `The working directory to run the command in. Defaults to the current directory. Use this instead of 'cd' commands.`,
     }),
-    description: Schema.String.annotate({ description }),
   })
 }
 
-export const Parameters = parameterSchema(descriptions.bash)
+export const Parameters = parameterSchema()
 export type Parameters = Schema.Schema.Type<typeof Parameters>
 
 function renderPrompt(template: string, values: Record<string, string>) {
@@ -103,7 +95,6 @@ function bashCommandSection(chain: string, limits: Limits, defaultTimeoutMs: num
 Usage notes:
   - The command argument is required.
   - You can specify an optional timeout in milliseconds. If not specified, commands will time out after ${defaultTimeoutMs}ms.
-  - It is very helpful if you write a clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words.
   - If the output exceeds ${limits.maxLines} lines or ${limits.maxBytes} bytes, it will be truncated and the full output will be written to a file. You can use Read with offset/limit to read specific sections or Grep to search the full content. Do NOT use \`head\`, \`tail\`, or other truncation commands to limit output; the full output will already be captured to a file for more precise searching.
 
   - Avoid using Bash with the \`find\`, \`grep\`, \`cat\`, \`head\`, \`tail\`, \`sed\`, \`awk\`, or \`echo\` commands, unless explicitly instructed or when these commands are truly necessary for the task. Instead, always prefer using the dedicated tools for these commands:
@@ -155,7 +146,6 @@ Before executing the command, please follow these steps:
 Usage notes:
   - The command argument is required.
   - You can specify an optional timeout in milliseconds. If not specified, commands will time out after ${defaultTimeoutMs}ms.
-  - It is very helpful if you write a clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words.
   - If the output exceeds ${limits.maxLines} lines or ${limits.maxBytes} bytes, it will be truncated and the full output will be written to a file. You can use Read with offset/limit to read specific sections or Grep to search the full content. Do NOT use \`Select-Object -First\`, \`Select-Object -Last\`, or other truncation commands to limit output; the full output will already be captured to a file for more precise searching.
 
   - Avoid using Shell with PowerShell file/content cmdlets unless explicitly instructed or when these cmdlets are truly necessary for the task. Instead, always prefer using the dedicated tools for these commands:
@@ -205,7 +195,6 @@ Before executing the command, please follow these steps:
 Usage notes:
   - The command argument is required.
   - You can specify an optional timeout in milliseconds. If not specified, commands will time out after ${defaultTimeoutMs}ms.
-  - It is very helpful if you write a clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words.
   - If the output exceeds ${limits.maxLines} lines or ${limits.maxBytes} bytes, it will be truncated and the full output will be written to a file. You can use Read with offset/limit to read specific sections or Grep to search the full content. Do NOT use \`more\` or other pagination commands to limit output; the full output will already be captured to a file for more precise searching.
 
   - Avoid using Shell with cmd.exe file/content commands unless explicitly instructed or when these commands are truly necessary for the task. Instead, always prefer using the dedicated tools for these commands:
@@ -242,7 +231,6 @@ function profile(name: string, platform: NodeJS.Platform, limits: Limits, defaul
       gitCommandRestriction: "git commands",
       createPrInstruction: "Create PR using a temporary body file so cmd.exe quoting stays simple.",
       createPrExample: `(\n  echo ## Summary\n  echo - ^<1-3 bullet points^>\n) > pr-body.txt\ngh pr create --title "the pr title" --body-file pr-body.txt`,
-      parameterDescription: descriptions.cmd,
     }
   }
   if (isPowerShell) {
@@ -264,7 +252,6 @@ function profile(name: string, platform: NodeJS.Platform, limits: Limits, defaul
 ## Summary
 - <1-3 bullet points>
 '@`,
-      parameterDescription: descriptions.powershell,
     }
   }
   return {
@@ -280,7 +267,6 @@ function profile(name: string, platform: NodeJS.Platform, limits: Limits, defaul
     createPrExample: `gh pr create --title "the pr title" --body "$(cat <<'EOF'
 ## Summary
 <1-3 bullet points>`,
-    parameterDescription: descriptions.bash,
   }
 }
 
@@ -300,7 +286,7 @@ export function render(name: string, platform: NodeJS.Platform, limits: Limits,
       createPrInstruction: selected.createPrInstruction,
       createPrExample: selected.createPrExample,
     }),
-    parameters: parameterSchema(selected.parameterDescription),
+    parameters: parameterSchema(),
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/__snapshots__/help-snapshots.test.ts.snap b/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/__snapshots__/help-snapshots.test.ts.snap
index a672d2acae5..25a4c38f907 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/__snapshots__/help-snapshots.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/__snapshots__/help-snapshots.test.ts.snap
@@ -50,17 +50,21 @@ Positionals:
   url  http://localhost:4096                                                     [string] [required]
 
 Options:
-  -h, --help        show help                                                              [boolean]
-  -v, --version     show version number                                                    [boolean]
-      --print-logs  print logs to stderr                                                   [boolean]
-      --log-level   log level                   [string] [choices: "DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR"]
-      --pure        run without external plugins                                           [boolean]
-      --dir         directory to run in                                                     [string]
-  -c, --continue    continue the last session                                              [boolean]
-  -s, --session     session id to continue                                                  [string]
-      --fork        fork the session when continuing (use with --continue or --session)    [boolean]
-  -p, --password    basic auth password (defaults to OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD)              [string]
-  -u, --username    basic auth username (defaults to OPENCODE_SERVER_USERNAME or 'opencode')[string]"
+  -h, --help          show help                                                            [boolean]
+  -v, --version       show version number                                                  [boolean]
+      --print-logs    print logs to stderr                                                 [boolean]
+      --log-level     log level                 [string] [choices: "DEBUG", "INFO", "WARN", "ERROR"]
+      --pure          run without external plugins                                         [boolean]
+      --dir           directory to run in                                                   [string]
+  -c, --continue      continue the last session                                            [boolean]
+  -s, --session       session id to continue                                                [string]
+      --fork          fork the session when continuing (use with --continue or --session)  [boolean]
+  -p, --password      basic auth password (defaults to OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD)            [string]
+  -u, --username      basic auth username (defaults to OPENCODE_SERVER_USERNAME or 'opencode')
+                                                                                            [string]
+      --mini          start the minimal interactive interface             [boolean] [default: false]
+      --no-replay     disable mini session history replay on resume and after resize       [boolean]
+      --replay-limit  cap visible mini replay to the newest N messages                      [number]"
 `;
 
 exports[`opencode CLI help-text snapshots every documented command emits stable help text: opencode run --help 1`] = `
@@ -103,16 +107,8 @@ Options:
       --variant                       model variant (provider-specific reasoning effort, e.g., high,
                                       max, minimal)                                         [string]
       --thinking                      show thinking blocks                                 [boolean]
-      --replay                        replay interactive session history on resume and after resize
-                                      (use --no-replay to disable)         [boolean] [default: true]
-      --replay-limit                  cap visible interactive replay to the newest N messages
-                                                                                            [number]
-  -i, --interactive                   run in direct interactive split-footer mode
-                                                                          [boolean] [default: false]
       --dangerously-skip-permissions  auto-approve permissions that are not explicitly denied
-                                      (dangerous!)                        [boolean] [default: false]
-      --demo                          enable direct interactive demo slash commands; pass one as the
-                                      message to run it immediately       [boolean] [default: false]"
+                                      (dangerous!)                        [boolean] [default: false]"
 `;
 
 exports[`opencode CLI help-text snapshots every documented command emits stable help text: opencode debug --help 1`] = `
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/help-snapshots.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/help-snapshots.test.ts
index edd92120adc..3a14d0d7ecc 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/help-snapshots.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/cli/help/help-snapshots.test.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 // version (changes per release), so we'd snapshot a moving target.
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { EOL } from "os"
 import { cliIt } from "../../lib/cli-process"
 import { normalizeForSnapshot, PATH_SEP } from "../../lib/snapshot"
 
@@ -101,7 +100,11 @@ describe("opencode CLI help-text snapshots", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const topLevel = yield* opencode.spawn(["--help"], { env: SNAPSHOT_ENV })
         expect(topLevel.exitCode).toBe(0)
-        expect(topLevel.stderr.endsWith(EOL)).toBe(true)
+        expect(topLevel.stderr.endsWith("\n")).toBe(true)
+        expect(topLevel.stderr).toContain("--mini")
+        expect(topLevel.stderr).not.toContain("--thinking")
+        expect(topLevel.stderr).not.toContain("--variant")
+        expect(topLevel.stderr).not.toContain("--demo")
 
         const argvs: Array<readonly string[]> = [...TOP_LEVEL.map((c) => [c] as const), ...SUBCOMMANDS]
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/run-process.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/run-process.test.ts
index 00d2e64b377..bd5847e2723 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/run-process.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/run-process.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 // `OPENCODE_CONFIG_CONTENT` providing the test provider config inline.
 import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { reply } from "../../lib/llm-server"
 import { cliIt } from "../../lib/cli-process"
 
 describe("opencode run (non-interactive subprocess)", () => {
@@ -17,7 +18,46 @@ describe("opencode run (non-interactive subprocess)", () => {
         yield* llm.text("hello from the test llm")
         const result = yield* opencode.run("say hi")
         opencode.expectExit(result, 0)
-        expect(result.stdout).toContain("hello from the test llm")
+        expect(result.stdout).toBe("hello from the test llm\n")
+      }),
+    60_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.concurrent(
+    "prints each completed text part in order around a tool continuation",
+    ({ llm, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* llm.push(
+          reply().text("  before tool  ").tool("bash", {
+            command: "printf tool-output",
+            description: "Print deterministic output",
+          }),
+        )
+        yield* llm.text("  after tool  ")
+
+        const result = yield* opencode.run("use a tool", {
+          extraArgs: ["--dangerously-skip-permissions"],
+        })
+
+        opencode.expectExit(result, 0)
+        expect(result.stdout).toBe("before tool\nafter tool\n")
+      }),
+    60_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.concurrent(
+    "prints reasoning before text only with --thinking",
+    ({ llm, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* llm.reason("  considering  ", { text: "  answer  " })
+        const thinking = yield* opencode.run("think", { extraArgs: ["--thinking"] })
+        opencode.expectExit(thinking, 0)
+        expect(thinking.stdout).toBe("Thinking: considering\nanswer\n")
+
+        yield* llm.reason("hidden", { text: "visible" })
+        const plain = yield* opencode.run("think again")
+        opencode.expectExit(plain, 0)
+        expect(plain.stdout).toBe("visible\n")
       }),
     60_000,
   )
@@ -41,19 +81,24 @@ describe("opencode run (non-interactive subprocess)", () => {
     30_000,
   )
 
-  // Locks in the current behavior: when the LLM stream errors mid-response
-  // (the prompt was accepted, then the upstream provider failed), opencode
-  // emits a session.error event and the process exits 0 today.
-  //
-  // This is debatable — a future cleanup might flip it to exit 1. If you're
-  // changing this expectation, do it deliberately and say so in the PR.
+  // The test provider's SSE error item is interpreted by the SDK as an unknown
+  // finish, not a fatal provider/session error. Lock that distinction in so it
+  // is not accidentally used as the failure compatibility oracle.
   cliIt.concurrent(
-    "mid-stream LLM error still exits 0 today (contract lock-in)",
+    "unknown stream finish preserves partial output and exits 0",
     ({ llm, opencode }) =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* llm.push(
+          reply().text("partial response").tool("bash", {
+            command: "printf tool",
+            description: "Print deterministic output",
+          }),
+        )
         yield* llm.fail("upstream provider exploded mid-stream")
         const result = yield* opencode.run("trigger midstream error", { timeoutMs: 30_000 })
         expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+        expect(result.stdout).toBe("partial response\n")
+        expect(result.stderr).not.toContain("upstream provider exploded mid-stream")
       }),
     60_000,
   )
@@ -75,10 +120,212 @@ describe("opencode run (non-interactive subprocess)", () => {
           expect(typeof evt.type).toBe("string")
           expect(typeof evt.sessionID).toBe("string")
         }
-        // At least one `text` event should appear with the LLM's response.
-        const text = events.find((e) => e.type === "text")
-        expect(text).toBeDefined()
+        expect(events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["step_start", "text", "step_finish"])
+        expect(events.map(({ timestamp: _, sessionID: __, ...event }) => event)).toEqual([
+          { type: "step_start", part: expect.objectContaining({ type: "step-start" }) },
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            part: expect.objectContaining({ type: "text", text: "structured output" }),
+          },
+          { type: "step_finish", part: expect.objectContaining({ type: "step-finish" }) },
+        ])
+        expect(result.stdout.endsWith("\n")).toBe(true)
+        expect(
+          result.stdout
+            .split("\n")
+            .slice(0, -1)
+            .every((line) => line.length > 0),
+        ).toBe(true)
       }),
     60_000,
   )
+
+  cliIt.concurrent(
+    "--format json emits a pure error record for a rejected prompt request",
+    ({ opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const result = yield* opencode.run("use an unknown model", {
+          model: "test/nonexistent-model",
+          format: "json",
+        })
+
+        expect(result.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+        const events = opencode.parseJsonEvents(result.stdout)
+        expect(events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual(["error"])
+        expect(events[0]).toEqual({
+          type: "error",
+          timestamp: expect.any(Number),
+          sessionID: expect.any(String),
+          error: expect.any(Object),
+        })
+        expect(result.stdout.split("\n").filter(Boolean)).toHaveLength(1)
+      }),
+    30_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.concurrent(
+    "--format json preserves reasoning, tool, and continuation ordering",
+    ({ llm, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* llm.push(
+          reply().reason("reasoning").text("before").tool("bash", {
+            command: "printf tool",
+            description: "Print deterministic output",
+          }),
+        )
+        yield* llm.text("after")
+
+        const result = yield* opencode.run("exercise json records", {
+          format: "json",
+          extraArgs: ["--thinking", "--dangerously-skip-permissions"],
+        })
+
+        expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+        const events = opencode.parseJsonEvents(result.stdout)
+        expect(events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual([
+          "step_start",
+          "reasoning",
+          "text",
+          "tool_use",
+          "step_finish",
+          "step_start",
+          "text",
+          "step_finish",
+        ])
+        expect(events.find((event) => event.type === "reasoning")?.part).toEqual(
+          expect.objectContaining({ type: "reasoning", text: "reasoning" }),
+        )
+        expect(events.find((event) => event.type === "tool_use")?.part).toEqual(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            type: "tool",
+            tool: "bash",
+            state: expect.objectContaining({ status: "completed" }),
+          }),
+        )
+        expect(
+          result.stdout
+            .split("\n")
+            .slice(0, -1)
+            .every((line) => line.startsWith("{")),
+        ).toBe(true)
+      }),
+    60_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.concurrent(
+    "--format json records partial output for an unknown stream finish",
+    ({ llm, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* llm.push(
+          reply().text("partial json").tool("bash", {
+            command: "printf tool",
+            description: "Print deterministic output",
+          }),
+        )
+        yield* llm.fail("provider failed")
+        const result = yield* opencode.run("fail after output", { format: "json" })
+
+        const events = opencode.parseJsonEvents(result.stdout)
+        expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0)
+        expect(events.map((event) => event.type)).toEqual([
+          "step_start",
+          "text",
+          "tool_use",
+          "step_finish",
+          "step_start",
+          "step_finish",
+        ])
+        expect(events[1]?.part).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ type: "text", text: "partial json" }))
+        expect(events.at(-1)?.part).toEqual(expect.objectContaining({ type: "step-finish", reason: "unknown" }))
+      }),
+    60_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.concurrent(
+    "rejects requested permissions by default and allows them with the dangerous flag",
+    ({ home, llm, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* llm.tool("bash", { command: "rm -f denied-file", description: "Remove a test file" })
+        yield* llm.text("continued after rejection")
+        const denied = yield* opencode.run("request permission", { permission: { bash: "ask" } })
+        opencode.expectExit(denied, 0)
+        expect(denied.stderr).toContain("permission requested: bash")
+        expect(denied.stdout).toBe("")
+
+        yield* llm.reset
+        yield* llm.tool("bash", { command: "rm -f allowed-file", description: "Remove a test file" })
+        yield* llm.text("continued after approval")
+        const allowed = yield* opencode.run("request permission", {
+          permission: { bash: "ask" },
+          extraArgs: ["--dangerously-skip-permissions"],
+        })
+        opencode.expectExit(allowed, 0)
+        expect(allowed.stderr).not.toContain("permission requested: bash")
+        expect(allowed.stdout).toContain("continued after approval")
+
+        yield* llm.reset
+        yield* llm.tool("bash", { command: "touch explicitly-denied", description: "Create a denied marker" })
+        yield* llm.text("continued after explicit denial")
+        const explicitlyDenied = yield* opencode.run("request denied permission", {
+          permission: { bash: "deny" },
+          extraArgs: ["--dangerously-skip-permissions"],
+        })
+        opencode.expectExit(explicitlyDenied, 0)
+        expect(explicitlyDenied.stdout).toContain("continued after explicit denial")
+        expect(yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.file(`${home}/explicitly-denied`).exists())).toBe(false)
+      }),
+    60_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.live(
+    "attach mode sends client-local file contents without a shared path",
+    ({ home, llm, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const source = `${home}/client-only.txt`
+        const sentinel = "client-only attachment sentinel"
+        yield* Effect.promise(() => Bun.write(source, sentinel))
+        yield* llm.text("attachment received")
+        const server = yield* opencode.serve()
+
+        const result = yield* opencode.run("read the attachment", {
+          extraArgs: ["--attach", server.url, `--file=${source}`, "--"],
+        })
+
+        opencode.expectExit(result, 0)
+        const input = JSON.stringify(yield* llm.inputs)
+        expect(input).toContain(sentinel)
+        expect(input).not.toContain(`file://${source}`)
+      }),
+    60_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.concurrent(
+    "attach mode rejects local directories before prompt admission",
+    ({ home, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        const result = yield* opencode.run("read the directory", {
+          extraArgs: ["--attach", "http://127.0.0.1:1", `--file=${home}`, "--"],
+        })
+
+        expect(result.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+        expect(result.stderr).toContain("Cannot attach local directory without a shared filesystem")
+      }),
+    30_000,
+  )
+
+  cliIt.live(
+    "SIGINT interrupts an active non-interactive run without leaking the process",
+    ({ llm, opencode }) =>
+      Effect.gen(function* () {
+        yield* llm.hang
+        const run = yield* opencode.startRun("wait forever")
+        yield* llm.wait(1)
+        run.interrupt()
+        const result = yield* run.result
+
+        expect(result.exitCode).not.toBe(0)
+        expect(result.durationMs).toBeLessThan(30_000)
+      }),
+    30_000,
+  )
 })
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/scrollback.surface.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/scrollback.surface.test.ts
index f1500ec44ae..52ff5a354d5 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/scrollback.surface.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/scrollback.surface.test.ts
@@ -589,6 +589,38 @@ test("coalesces same-line tool progress into one snapshot", async () => {
   }
 })
 
+test("omits the current directory from bash titles", async () => {
+  const out = await setup()
+
+  try {
+    await out.scrollback.append(
+      toolCommit({
+        tool: "bash",
+        phase: "start",
+        toolState: "running",
+        state: {
+          status: "running",
+          input: {
+            command: "pwd",
+            workdir: process.cwd(),
+          },
+          time: { start: 1 },
+        },
+      }),
+    )
+
+    const commits = claim(out.renderer)
+    try {
+      expect(render(commits)).toContain("$ pwd")
+      expect(render(commits)).not.toContain("Running in .")
+    } finally {
+      destroy(commits)
+    }
+  } finally {
+    out.scrollback.destroy()
+  }
+})
+
 test("renders completed bash output with one blank line after the command and before the next group", async () => {
   const out = await setup()
 
@@ -615,7 +647,6 @@ test("renders completed bash output with one blank line after the command and be
           input: {
             command: "git status",
             workdir: "/tmp/demo",
-            description: "Show git status",
           },
           time: { start: 1 },
         },
@@ -633,7 +664,6 @@ test("renders completed bash output with one blank line after the command and be
           input: {
             command: "git status",
             workdir: "/tmp/demo",
-            description: "Show git status",
           },
           time: { start: 1, end: 2 },
         },
@@ -645,6 +675,7 @@ test("renders completed bash output with one blank line after the command and be
     take()
 
     const output = lines.join("\n")
+    expect(output).toContain("# Running in /tmp/demo\n$ git status")
     expect(output).toContain("$ git status\n\nOn branch demo")
     expect(output).toContain("nothing to commit, working tree clean\n\noc-run-dev ahead 1")
     expect(output).not.toContain("nothing to commit, working tree clean\n\n\noc-run-dev ahead 1")
@@ -677,7 +708,6 @@ test("inserts a spacer before the next tool after completed multiline bash outpu
           input: {
             command: "pwd; ls -la",
             workdir: "/tmp/demo",
-            description: "Lists current directory files",
           },
           time: { start: 1 },
         },
@@ -695,7 +725,6 @@ test("inserts a spacer before the next tool after completed multiline bash outpu
           input: {
             command: "pwd; ls -la",
             workdir: "/tmp/demo",
-            description: "Lists current directory files",
           },
           output: ["/tmp/demo", "pwd; ls -la", "/tmp/demo", "total 4", "", ""].join("\n"),
           title: "pwd; ls -la",
@@ -755,7 +784,6 @@ test("does not double-space before completed bash output when inline tool header
           input: {
             command: "ls",
             workdir: "src/cli/cmd/run",
-            description: "Lists files in run directory",
           },
           time: { start: 1 },
         },
@@ -805,7 +833,6 @@ test("does not double-space before completed bash output when inline tool header
           input: {
             command: "ls",
             workdir: "src/cli/cmd/run",
-            description: "Lists files in run directory",
           },
           output: ["src/cli/cmd/run", "ls", "demo.ts", "entry.body.ts", "", ""].join("\n"),
           title: "ls",
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-data.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-data.test.ts
index 705e0250dea..b685fb679f3 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-data.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-data.test.ts
@@ -435,7 +435,6 @@ describe("run session data", () => {
             title: "",
             metadata: {
               output: "/tmp/demo\n",
-              description: "",
             },
             time: { start: 1, end: 2 },
           },
@@ -490,7 +489,6 @@ describe("run session data", () => {
           title: "",
           metadata: {
             output: "/tmp/demo\n",
-            description: "",
           },
           time: { start: 1, end: 2 },
         },
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-replay.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-replay.test.ts
index 18ae82d4da6..e3356d18313 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-replay.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/cli/run/session-replay.test.ts
@@ -238,7 +238,6 @@ function shellAssistantMessage(id: string, parentID: string): SessionMessages[nu
           title: "",
           metadata: {
             output: "account.ts\n",
-            description: "",
           },
           time: {
             start: 200,
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/cli/tui/thread.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/cli/tui/thread.test.ts
index f79fd40da74..73f87d904bf 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/cli/tui/thread.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/cli/tui/thread.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
+import yargs from "yargs"
 import { tmpdir } from "../../fixture/fixture"
-import { resolveThreadDirectory } from "../../../src/cli/cmd/tui"
+import { TuiThreadCommand, resolveThreadDirectory } from "../../../src/cli/cmd/tui"
+import { cliIt } from "../../lib/cli-process"
 
 describe("tui thread", () => {
   test("loads the TUI integration lazily", async () => {
@@ -33,4 +36,60 @@ describe("tui thread", () => {
   test("uses the real cwd after resolving a relative project from PWD", async () => {
     await check(".")
   })
+
+  test("resolves a relative mini project from PWD when cwd differs", async () => {
+    await using pwd = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+    await using cwd = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+
+    expect(resolveThreadDirectory(".", pwd.path, cwd.path)).toBe(pwd.path)
+    expect(resolveThreadDirectory(undefined, pwd.path, cwd.path)).toBe(cwd.path)
+  })
+
+  test("parses supported --no-replay forms", async () => {
+    for (const option of ["--no-replay", "--no-replay=true", "--noReplay"]) {
+      const args = await yargs([])
+        .command({ ...TuiThreadCommand, handler: () => {} })
+        .exitProcess(false)
+        .parse(["--mini", option, "--replay-limit", "10"])
+
+      expect(args.replay === false || args.noReplay === true).toBe(true)
+      expect(args.replayLimit).toBe(10)
+    }
+  })
+
+  test("preserves boolean negation for existing options", async () => {
+    const args = await yargs([])
+      .command({ ...TuiThreadCommand, handler: () => {} })
+      .exitProcess(false)
+      .parse(["--mdns", "--no-mdns"])
+
+    expect(args.mdns).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  cliIt.live("rejects mini-only options without --mini", ({ opencode }) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const result = yield* opencode.spawn(["--replay-limit", "10"])
+
+      opencode.expectExit(result, 1)
+      expect(result.stderr).toContain("--replay-limit requires --mini")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  cliIt.live("routes attached sessions to mini mode", ({ opencode }) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const result = yield* opencode.spawn(["attach", "http://127.0.0.1:1", "--mini"])
+
+      opencode.expectExit(result, 1)
+      expect(result.stderr).toContain("--mini requires a TTY stdout")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  cliIt.live("rejects network options in mini mode", ({ opencode }) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const result = yield* opencode.spawn(["--mini", "--port", "4096"])
+
+      opencode.expectExit(result, 1)
+      expect(result.stderr).toContain("--port cannot be used with --mini")
+    }),
+  )
 })
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/git/git.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/git/git.test.ts
index e80b8fa9065..c786513c636 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/git/git.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/git/git.test.ts
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ import { describe, expect } from "bun:test"
 import fs from "fs/promises"
 import path from "path"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/layer-node"
 import { Git } from "../../src/git"
 import { tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
 const weird = process.platform === "win32" ? "space file.txt" : "tab\tfile.txt"
-const it = testEffect(Git.defaultLayer)
+const it = testEffect(LayerNode.buildLayer(Git.node))
 
 const scopedTmpdir = (options?: Parameters<typeof tmpdir>[0]) =>
   Effect.acquireRelease(
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/lib/cli-process.ts b/packages/opencode/test/lib/cli-process.ts
index d40a4d7f63e..6de9033ffe3 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/lib/cli-process.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/lib/cli-process.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 import { test, type TestOptions } from "bun:test"
 import { FSUtil } from "@opencode-ai/core/fs-util"
 import { AppProcess } from "@opencode-ai/core/process"
-import { Deferred, Duration, Effect, Layer, Queue, Scope, Stream } from "effect"
+import { Deferred, Duration, Effect, Layer, Queue, Schedule, Scope, Stream } from "effect"
 import { FetchHttpClient, HttpClient } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { ChildProcess } from "effect/unstable/process"
 import path from "node:path"
@@ -82,6 +82,11 @@ export type RunResult = {
   readonly durationMs: number
 }
 
+export type RunHandle = {
+  readonly interrupt: () => void
+  readonly result: Effect.Effect<RunResult>
+}
+
 export type SpawnOpts = { readonly timeoutMs?: number; readonly env?: Record<string, string> }
 
 // Typed equivalent of constructing argv for `opencode run`. New flags should
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@ export type RunOpts = SpawnOpts & {
   readonly format?: "default" | "json"
   readonly command?: string
   readonly printLogs?: boolean
+  readonly permission?: Record<string, "ask" | "allow" | "deny">
   readonly extraArgs?: string[]
 }
 
@@ -147,6 +153,7 @@ export type AcpHandle = {
 export type OpencodeCli = {
   // High-level: run a single prompt against the test model. Short-lived.
   readonly run: (message: string, opts?: RunOpts) => Effect.Effect<RunResult>
+  readonly startRun: (message: string, opts?: RunOpts) => Effect.Effect<RunHandle, never, Scope.Scope>
   // Spawn `opencode serve` and wait until it's listening. Long-lived: the
   // returned handle is killed when the caller's Scope closes. Fails if the
   // listening line doesn't appear within `readyTimeoutMs`.
@@ -185,9 +192,12 @@ export function withCliFixture<A, E>(
     const fs = yield* FSUtil.Service
     const appProc = yield* AppProcess.Service
 
-    // FileSystem.makeTempDirectoryScoped handles both creation and scope-tied
-    // cleanup — replaces the old mkdir + addFinalizer pair.
-    const home = yield* fs.makeTempDirectoryScoped({ prefix: "oc-cli-" })
+    const home = yield* fs.makeTempDirectory({ prefix: "oc-cli-" })
+    yield* Effect.addFinalizer(() =>
+      fs
+        .remove(home, { recursive: true })
+        .pipe(Effect.retry(Schedule.spaced("50 millis").pipe(Schedule.both(Schedule.recurs(20)))), Effect.ignore),
+    )
 
     const configJson = JSON.stringify(testProviderConfig(llm.url))
     const env = isolatedEnv(home, configJson)
@@ -230,13 +240,13 @@ export function withCliFixture<A, E>(
       )
       return {
         exitCode: result.exitCode,
-        stdout: result.stdout.toString(),
-        stderr: result.stderr.toString(),
+        stdout: normalizeLines(result.stdout.toString()),
+        stderr: normalizeLines(result.stderr.toString()),
         durationMs: Date.now() - start,
       }
     })
 
-    const run = (message: string, opts?: RunOpts): Effect.Effect<RunResult> => {
+    const runArgs = (message: string, opts?: RunOpts) => {
       const argv: string[] = ["run"]
       if (opts?.printLogs) argv.push("--print-logs")
       argv.push("--model", opts?.model ?? testModelID)
@@ -245,9 +255,60 @@ export function withCliFixture<A, E>(
       if (opts?.command) argv.push("--command", opts.command)
       if (opts?.extraArgs) argv.push(...opts.extraArgs)
       argv.push(message)
-      return spawn(argv, opts)
+      return argv
     }
 
+    const runOpts = (opts?: RunOpts): SpawnOpts | undefined => {
+      if (!opts?.permission) return opts
+      return {
+        ...opts,
+        env: {
+          ...opts.env,
+          OPENCODE_CONFIG_CONTENT: JSON.stringify({
+            ...testProviderConfig(llm.url),
+            permission: opts.permission,
+          }),
+        },
+      }
+    }
+
+    const run = (message: string, opts?: RunOpts): Effect.Effect<RunResult> => {
+      return spawn(runArgs(message, opts), runOpts(opts))
+    }
+
+    const startRun = Effect.fn("opencode.startRun")(function* (message: string, opts?: RunOpts) {
+      const start = Date.now()
+      const options = runOpts(opts)
+      const proc = yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.sync(() =>
+          Bun.spawn(["bun", "run", "--conditions=browser", cliEntry, ...runArgs(message, opts)], {
+            cwd: home,
+            env: { ...process.env, ...env, ...options?.env },
+            stdin: "ignore",
+            stdout: "pipe",
+            stderr: "pipe",
+          }),
+        ),
+        (child) =>
+          Effect.promise(() => {
+            child.kill()
+            return child.exited
+          }).pipe(Effect.ignore),
+      )
+      const stdout = new Response(proc.stdout).text()
+      const stderr = new Response(proc.stderr).text()
+
+      return {
+        interrupt: () => proc.kill("SIGINT"),
+        result: Effect.promise(async () => ({
+          exitCode: await proc.exited,
+          stdout: normalizeLines(await stdout),
+          stderr: normalizeLines(await stderr),
+          durationMs: Date.now() - start,
+        })),
+      } satisfies RunHandle
+    })
+
     const serve = Effect.fn("opencode.serve")(function* (opts?: ServeOpts) {
       const argv = ["serve"]
       // Default port 0 — let the OS pick a free port, parse the actual one
@@ -401,7 +462,7 @@ export function withCliFixture<A, E>(
       } satisfies AcpHandle
     })
 
-    const opencode: OpencodeCli = { run, serve, acp, spawn, expectExit, parseJsonEvents }
+    const opencode: OpencodeCli = { run, startRun, serve, acp, spawn, expectExit, parseJsonEvents }
 
     return yield* fn({ llm, home, opencode })
     // FetchHttpClient is provided so test bodies can `yield* HttpClient.HttpClient`
@@ -421,6 +482,10 @@ function parseJsonEvents(stdout: string): Array<Record<string, unknown>> {
     .map((line) => JSON.parse(line) as Record<string, unknown>)
 }
 
+function normalizeLines(value: string) {
+  return value.replaceAll("\r\n", "\n")
+}
+
 // Convenience for the common assertion pattern. Dumps stderr/stdout when
 // the exit code doesn't match — saves debugging time on CI failures.
 function expectExit(result: RunResult, expected: number, label = "opencode") {
@@ -455,5 +520,10 @@ export const cliIt = {
     name: string,
     body: (input: CliFixture) => Effect.Effect<A, E, Scope.Scope | HttpClient.HttpClient>,
     opts?: number | TestOptions,
-  ) => test.concurrent(name, () => Effect.runPromise(Effect.scoped(withCliFixture(body))), opts),
+  ) =>
+    (process.platform === "win32" ? test : test.concurrent)(
+      name,
+      () => Effect.runPromise(Effect.scoped(withCliFixture(body))),
+      opts,
+    ),
 }
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/plugin/openai-ws.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/plugin/openai-ws.test.ts
index cdcded9da63..7a125824e0b 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/plugin/openai-ws.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/plugin/openai-ws.test.ts
@@ -559,21 +559,28 @@ describe("plugin.openai.ws-pool", () => {
   })
 
   test("retries failed websocket streams before using HTTP fallback", async () => {
+    const attempts: Array<(socket: WebSocket) => void> = []
     await using server = await createWebSocketServer((socket) => {
       socket.once("message", () => {
         socket.send(JSON.stringify({ type: "response.output_text.delta", delta: "started" }))
+        attempts.shift()?.(socket)
       })
     })
     const fetch = OpenAIWebSocketPool.createWebSocketFetch({
       url: server.url,
-      idleTimeout: 20,
       streamRetries: 1,
     })
 
+    const firstAttempt = new Promise<WebSocket>((resolve) => attempts.push(resolve))
     const first = await fetch(server.url, streamRequest())
-    expect((await readTextError(first.text())).message).toContain("idle timeout waiting for websocket")
+    const firstSocket = await firstAttempt
+    firstSocket.terminate()
+    expect((await readTextError(first.text())).message).toContain("WebSocket closed before response.completed")
+    const secondAttempt = new Promise<WebSocket>((resolve) => attempts.push(resolve))
     const second = await fetch(server.url, streamRequest())
-    expect((await readTextError(second.text())).message).toContain("idle timeout waiting for websocket")
+    const secondSocket = await secondAttempt
+    secondSocket.terminate()
+    expect((await readTextError(second.text())).message).toContain("WebSocket closed before response.completed")
     const third = await fetch(server.url, streamRequest())
 
     expect(await third.text()).toBe("http")
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/provider/transform.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/provider/transform.test.ts
index 04d75bfba27..5fa530155d6 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/provider/transform.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/provider/transform.test.ts
@@ -2895,6 +2895,102 @@ describe("ProviderTransform.variants", () => {
     expect(result).toEqual({})
   })
 
+  test("glm-5.2 returns native effort variants for openai-compatible providers", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "zhipuai/glm-5.2",
+      providerID: "zhipuai",
+      api: {
+        id: "glm-5.2",
+        url: "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    })
+    expect(ProviderTransform.variants(model)).toEqual({
+      high: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+      max: { reasoningEffort: "max" },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("recognizes GLM-5.2 provider model IDs", () => {
+    for (const id of ["accounts/fireworks/models/glm-5p2", "zai-org-glm-5-2", "umans-glm-5.2"]) {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: `test/${id}`,
+        api: {
+          id,
+          url: "https://api.test.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        },
+      })
+      expect(ProviderTransform.variants(model)).toEqual({
+        high: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+        max: { reasoningEffort: "max" },
+      })
+    }
+  })
+
+  test("recognizes GLM-5.2 from the API ID when the configured model ID is an alias", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "custom/my-glm",
+      api: {
+        id: "accounts/fireworks/models/glm-5p2",
+        url: "https://api.fireworks.ai/inference/v1",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    })
+    expect(ProviderTransform.variants(model)).toEqual({
+      high: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+      max: { reasoningEffort: "max" },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("glm-5.2 returns openrouter effort variants for openrouter", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "openrouter/z-ai/glm-5.2",
+      providerID: "openrouter",
+      api: {
+        id: "z-ai/glm-5.2",
+        url: "https://openrouter.ai/api/v1",
+        npm: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider",
+      },
+    })
+    expect(ProviderTransform.variants(model)).toEqual({
+      high: { reasoning: { effort: "high" } },
+      xhigh: { reasoning: { effort: "xhigh" } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("glm-5.2 returns effort variants for anthropic-compatible providers", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "zai-coding-plan/glm-5.2",
+      providerID: "zai-coding-plan",
+      api: {
+        id: "glm-5.2",
+        url: "https://api.z.ai/api/anthropic",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+      },
+    })
+    expect(ProviderTransform.variants(model)).toEqual({
+      high: { effort: "high" },
+      max: { effort: "max" },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("glm-5.2 falls back to provider defaults for other packages", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "test/glm-5.2",
+      api: {
+        id: "glm-5.2",
+        url: "https://api.test.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+      },
+    })
+    expect(ProviderTransform.variants(model)).toEqual({
+      low: { reasoningConfig: { type: "enabled", maxReasoningEffort: "low" } },
+      medium: { reasoningConfig: { type: "enabled", maxReasoningEffort: "medium" } },
+      high: { reasoningConfig: { type: "enabled", maxReasoningEffort: "high" } },
+    })
+  })
+
   test("mistral models with reasoning support return variants", () => {
     const model = createMockModel({
       id: "mistral/mistral-small-latest",
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-exercise/index.ts b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-exercise/index.ts
index 3860d742ddc..728810e6efd 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-exercise/index.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-exercise/index.ts
@@ -578,6 +578,10 @@ const scenarios: Scenario[] = [
     .get("/experimental/session", "experimental.session.list")
     .at((ctx) => ({ path: "/experimental/session?roots=false&archived=false", headers: ctx.headers() }))
     .json(200, array),
+  http.protected.get("/experimental/capabilities", "experimental.capabilities.get").json(200, (body) => {
+    check(typeof body === "object" && body !== null, "capabilities should be an object")
+    check("backgroundSubagents" in body, "capabilities should report background subagents")
+  }),
   http.protected
     .post("/experimental/session/{sessionID}/background", "experimental.session.background")
     .mutating()
@@ -730,11 +734,11 @@ const scenarios: Scenario[] = [
     .stream()
     .status(
       200,
-      (ctx, result) =>
+      (_ctx, result) =>
         Effect.sync(() => {
           check(result.contentType.includes("text/event-stream"), "v2 event should be an SSE stream")
           check(result.text.includes("server.connected"), "v2 event should emit initial connection event")
-          check(!!ctx.directory && result.text.includes(ctx.directory), "v2 event should include the resolved location")
+          check(!result.text.includes('"location"'), "v2 connection event should not be scoped to a location")
         }),
       "status",
     ),
@@ -951,6 +955,24 @@ const scenarios: Scenario[] = [
       headers: ctx.headers(),
     }))
     .json(200, data(object)),
+  http.protected
+    .post("/api/session/{sessionID}/agent", "v2.session.switchAgent")
+    .seeded((ctx) => ctx.session({ title: "Switch agent" }))
+    .at((ctx) => ({
+      path: route("/api/session/{sessionID}/agent", { sessionID: ctx.state.id }),
+      headers: { ...ctx.headers(), "content-type": "application/json" },
+      body: { agent: "plan" },
+    }))
+    .status(204, undefined, "none"),
+  http.protected
+    .post("/api/session/{sessionID}/model", "v2.session.switchModel")
+    .seeded((ctx) => ctx.session({ title: "Switch model" }))
+    .at((ctx) => ({
+      path: route("/api/session/{sessionID}/model", { sessionID: ctx.state.id }),
+      headers: { ...ctx.headers(), "content-type": "application/json" },
+      body: { model: { providerID: "opencode", id: "big-pickle" } },
+    }))
+    .status(204, undefined, "none"),
   http.protected
     .get("/api/session/{sessionID}/context", "v2.session.context")
     .at((ctx) => ({
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-file.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-file.test.ts
index 55377f84771..ed882ade465 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-file.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-file.test.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
-import { Context } from "effect"
+import { Context, Effect } from "effect"
 import path from "path"
 import { HttpApiApp } from "../../src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/server"
 import { FilePaths } from "../../src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/groups/file"
 import { resetDatabase } from "../fixture/db"
 import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { pollWithTimeout } from "../lib/effect"
 
 const context = Context.empty() as Context.Context<unknown>
 
@@ -55,17 +56,26 @@ describe("file HttpApi", () => {
     await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
     await Bun.write(path.join(tmp.path, "hello.txt"), "needle")
 
-    const [text, files, symbols] = await Promise.all([
+    const [text, symbols] = await Promise.all([
       request(FilePaths.findText, tmp.path, { pattern: "needle" }),
-      request(FilePaths.findFile, tmp.path, { query: "hello", type: "file" }),
       request(FilePaths.findSymbol, tmp.path, { query: "hello" }),
     ])
+    const files = await Effect.runPromise(
+      pollWithTimeout(
+        Effect.promise(async () => {
+          const response = await request(FilePaths.findFile, tmp.path, { query: "hello", type: "file" })
+          const body = await response.json()
+          return body.includes("hello.txt") ? { response, body } : undefined
+        }),
+        "file search index was not ready",
+      ),
+    )
 
     expect(text.status).toBe(200)
     expect(await text.json()).toContainEqual(expect.objectContaining({ line_number: 1 }))
 
-    expect(files.status).toBe(200)
-    expect(await files.json()).toContain("hello.txt")
+    expect(files.response.status).toBe(200)
+    expect(files.body).toContain("hello.txt")
 
     expect(symbols.status).toBe(200)
     expect(await symbols.json()).toEqual([])
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-reference.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-reference.test.ts
index dcb260588b7..bf615126816 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-reference.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-reference.test.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import { Server } from "../../src/server/server"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/core/global"
 import { resetDatabase } from "../fixture/db"
 import { disposeAllInstances, tmpdir } from "../fixture/fixture"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+import { pollWithTimeout } from "../lib/effect"
 
 afterEach(async () => {
   await disposeAllInstances()
@@ -24,12 +26,19 @@ describe("reference HttpApi", () => {
       },
     })
 
-    const response = await Server.Default().app.request("/api/reference", {
-      headers: { "x-opencode-directory": tmp.path },
-    })
-
-    expect(response.status).toBe(200)
-    const body = await response.json()
+    const body = await Effect.runPromise(
+      pollWithTimeout(
+        Effect.promise(async () => {
+          const response = await Server.Default().app.request("/api/reference", {
+            headers: { "x-opencode-directory": tmp.path },
+          })
+          expect(response.status).toBe(200)
+          const body = await response.json()
+          return body.data.length === 0 ? undefined : body
+        }),
+        "references were not loaded",
+      ),
+    )
     expect(body).toMatchObject({ location: { directory: tmp.path } })
     expect(body.data).toEqual([
       {
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-sdk.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-sdk.test.ts
index 895659a6f7c..63cc3edb2c1 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-sdk.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-sdk.test.ts
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import { TestLLMServer } from "../lib/llm-server"
 import path from "path"
 import { resetDatabase } from "../fixture/db"
 import { disposeAllInstances, TestInstance, tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/fixture"
-import { awaitWithTimeout, testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
+import { awaitWithTimeout, pollWithTimeout, testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 import { testProviderConfig } from "../lib/test-provider"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
@@ -389,7 +389,12 @@ describe("HttpApi SDK", () => {
           workspaceID,
           onRequest: (value) => (request = value),
         })
-        const found = yield* call(() => sdk.v2.fs.find({ query: "hello", type: "file" }))
+        const found = yield* pollWithTimeout(
+          call(() => sdk.v2.fs.find({ query: "hello", type: "file" })).pipe(
+            Effect.map((result) => (result.data?.data.length ? result : undefined)),
+          ),
+          "SDK file search index was not ready",
+        )
         const url = new URL(request!.url)
 
         expect(found.response.status).toBe(200)
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-v2-location.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-v2-location.test.ts
index 9282db32cb3..e178062e7a1 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-v2-location.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/server/httpapi-v2-location.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
+import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { Context, Schema } from "effect"
 import { HttpApiApp } from "../../src/server/routes/instance/httpapi/server"
 import { resetDatabase } from "../fixture/db"
@@ -19,12 +21,9 @@ function request(route: string, directory: string, init: RequestInit = {}) {
 }
 
 const Event = Schema.Struct({
-  id: Schema.String,
+  id: EventV2.ID,
   type: Schema.String,
-  location: Schema.Struct({
-    directory: Schema.String,
-    project: Schema.Struct({ id: Schema.String, directory: Schema.String }),
-  }),
+  location: Schema.optional(Location.Ref),
   data: Schema.Unknown,
 })
 
@@ -48,6 +47,17 @@ afterEach(async () => {
 })
 
 describe("v2 location HttpApi", () => {
+  test("decodes EventV2 location refs without resolved project metadata", () => {
+    expect(
+      Schema.decodeUnknownSync(Event)({
+        id: "evt_test",
+        type: "file.watcher.updated",
+        location: { directory: "/tmp/project" },
+        data: {},
+      }),
+    ).toMatchObject({ location: { directory: "/tmp/project" } })
+  })
+
   test("returns command and skill snapshots with resolved locations", async () => {
     await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
 
@@ -64,17 +74,20 @@ describe("v2 location HttpApi", () => {
     }
   })
 
-  test("streams native EventV2 payloads with resolved locations", async () => {
-    await using tmp = await tmpdir({ git: true })
-    const response = await request("/api/event", tmp.path)
+  test("streams native EventV2 payloads across locations", async () => {
+    await using subscriber = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+    await using publisher = await tmpdir({ git: true })
+    const response = await request("/api/event", subscriber.path)
     const reader = response.body!.getReader()
-    expect((await readEvent(reader)).type).toBe("server.connected")
+    const connected = await readEvent(reader)
+    expect(connected.type).toBe("server.connected")
+    expect(connected.location).toBeUndefined()
 
-    const created = await request("/session", tmp.path, { method: "POST" })
+    const created = await request("/session", publisher.path, { method: "POST" })
     expect(created.status).toBe(200)
     expect(await readEventType(reader, "session.created")).toMatchObject({
       type: "session.created",
-      location: { directory: tmp.path, project: { directory: tmp.path } },
+      location: { directory: publisher.path },
       data: { sessionID: expect.any(String) },
     })
     await reader.cancel()
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/session/compaction.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/session/compaction.test.ts
index 63276bfe197..f2ee0b65d72 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/session/compaction.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/session/compaction.test.ts
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
           })
           .pipe(Effect.forkChild)
 
-        yield* Deferred.await(ready).pipe(Effect.timeout("1 second"))
+        yield* Deferred.await(ready).pipe(Effect.timeout("5 seconds"))
         const start = Date.now()
         yield* Fiber.interrupt(fiber)
         const exit = yield* Fiber.await(fiber).pipe(Effect.timeout("250 millis"))
@@ -1263,6 +1263,7 @@ describe("session.compaction.process", () => {
       }).pipe(withCompaction({ llm: stub.layer }))
     },
     { git: true },
+    { timeout: 10_000 },
   )
 
   itCompaction.instance(
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/session/messages-pagination.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/session/messages-pagination.test.ts
index c0b65b5e57f..4706235f350 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/session/messages-pagination.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/session/messages-pagination.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { SessionV1 } from "@opencode-ai/core/v1/session"
-import { Database } from "@opencode-ai/core/database/database"
-import { Effect, Layer, Option } from "effect"
+import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/layer-node"
+import { SessionProjector } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/projector"
+import { Effect, Option } from "effect"
 import { Session as SessionNs } from "@/session/session"
 import { MessageV2 } from "../../src/session/message-v2"
 import { MessageID, PartID, type SessionID } from "../../src/session/schema"
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { ModelV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/model"
 
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(SessionNs.defaultLayer, Database.defaultLayer))
+const it = testEffect(LayerNode.buildLayer(LayerNode.group([SessionNs.node, MessageV2.node, SessionProjector.node])))
 
 const withSession = <A, E, R>(
   fn: (input: { session: SessionNs.Interface; sessionID: SessionID }) => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>,
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/session/prompt.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/session/prompt.test.ts
index 08828018a4a..a01cc9d1231 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/session/prompt.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/session/prompt.test.ts
@@ -1346,7 +1346,9 @@ it.instance(
 
       const inputs = yield* llm.inputs
       expect(inputs).toHaveLength(2)
-      expect(JSON.stringify(inputs.at(-1)?.messages)).toContain("second")
+      const messages = inputs.at(-1)?.messages
+      if (!Array.isArray(messages)) throw new Error("expected LLM messages")
+      expect(messages.at(-1)).toEqual({ role: "user", content: "second" })
     }),
   3_000,
 )
@@ -1628,7 +1630,7 @@ it.instance(
       expect(yield* llm.calls).toBe(1)
     }),
   { git: true },
-  3_000,
+  10_000,
 )
 
 it.instance(
@@ -1709,11 +1711,17 @@ unixNoLLMServer(
     withSh(() =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const { prompt, run, chat } = yield* boot()
+        const { directory: dir } = yield* TestInstance
+        const afs = yield* FSUtil.Service
+        const ready = path.join(dir, ".shell-ready")
 
         const sh = yield* prompt
-          .shell({ sessionID: chat.id, agent: "build", command: "sleep 30" })
+          .shell({ sessionID: chat.id, agent: "build", command: ": > '.shell-ready'; sleep 30" })
           .pipe(Effect.forkChild)
-        yield* waitForBusy(chat.id)
+        yield* pollWithTimeout(
+          afs.existsSafe(ready).pipe(Effect.map((exists) => (exists ? (true as const) : undefined))),
+          "shell never created readiness marker",
+        )
 
         yield* prompt.cancel(chat.id)
 
@@ -1803,7 +1811,6 @@ unix(
       yield* llm.tool("bash", {
         command:
           'i=0; while [ "$i" -lt 4000 ]; do printf "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx %05d\\n" "$i"; i=$((i + 1)); done; printf truncation-ready; sleep 30',
-        description: "Print many lines",
         timeout: 30_000,
         workdir: path.resolve(dir),
       })
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/session/retry.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/session/retry.test.ts
index f5edf1af24b..e53a6c1f18e 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/session/retry.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/session/retry.test.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ import { SessionV1 } from "@opencode-ai/core/v1/session"
 import type { NamedError } from "@opencode-ai/core/util/error"
 import { APICallError } from "ai"
 import { setTimeout as sleep } from "node:timers/promises"
-import { Effect, Layer, Schedule, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Schedule, Schema } from "effect"
+import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/layer-node"
 import { CrossSpawnSpawner } from "@opencode-ai/core/cross-spawn-spawner"
 import { SessionRetry } from "../../src/session/retry"
 import { MessageV2 } from "../../src/session/message-v2"
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 
 const providerID = ProviderV2.ID.make("test")
 const retryProvider = "test"
-const it = testEffect(Layer.mergeAll(SessionStatus.defaultLayer, CrossSpawnSpawner.defaultLayer))
+const it = testEffect(LayerNode.buildLayer(LayerNode.group([SessionStatus.node, CrossSpawnSpawner.node])))
 
 function apiError(headers?: Record<string, string>): SessionV1.APIError {
   return Schema.decodeUnknownSync(SessionV1.APIError.Schema)(
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/session/snapshot-tool-race.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/session/snapshot-tool-race.test.ts
index 8a3701e1251..98233f3527d 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/session/snapshot-tool-race.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/session/snapshot-tool-race.test.ts
@@ -139,7 +139,6 @@ it.live("tool execution produces non-empty session diff (snapshot race)", () =>
       const command = `echo 'snapshot race test content' > ${path.join(dir, "race-test.txt")}`
       yield* llm.toolMatch((hit) => JSON.stringify(hit.body).includes("create the file"), "bash", {
         command,
-        description: "create test file",
       })
       yield* llm.textMatch((hit) => JSON.stringify(hit.body).includes("bash"), "done")
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/tool/__snapshots__/parameters.test.ts.snap b/packages/opencode/test/tool/__snapshots__/parameters.test.ts.snap
index b187b191c1f..51ff867ea44 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/tool/__snapshots__/parameters.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/tool/__snapshots__/parameters.test.ts.snap
@@ -24,23 +24,6 @@ exports[`tool parameters JSON Schema (wire shape) bash 1`] = `
       "description": "The command to execute",
       "type": "string",
     },
-    "description": {
-      "description": 
-"Clear, concise description of what this command does in 5-10 words. Examples:
-Input: ls
-Output: Lists files in current directory
-
-Input: git status
-Output: Shows working tree status
-
-Input: npm install
-Output: Installs package dependencies
-
-Input: mkdir foo
-Output: Creates directory 'foo'"
-,
-      "type": "string",
-    },
     "timeout": {
       "description": "Optional timeout in milliseconds",
       "exclusiveMinimum": 0,
@@ -55,7 +38,6 @@ Output: Creates directory 'foo'"
   },
   "required": [
     "command",
-    "description",
   ],
   "type": "object",
 }
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts
index 4e56c61d23c..9c540daad08 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/tool/parameters.test.ts
@@ -106,19 +106,16 @@ describe("tool parameters", () => {
   })
 
   describe("shell", () => {
-    test("accepts minimum: command + description", () => {
-      expect(parse(Shell, { command: "ls", description: "list" })).toEqual({ command: "ls", description: "list" })
+    test("accepts command", () => {
+      expect(parse(Shell, { command: "ls" })).toEqual({ command: "ls" })
     })
     test("accepts optional timeout + workdir", () => {
-      const parsed = parse(Shell, { command: "ls", description: "list", timeout: 5000, workdir: "/tmp" })
+      const parsed = parse(Shell, { command: "ls", timeout: 5000, workdir: "/tmp" })
       expect(parsed.timeout).toBe(5000)
       expect(parsed.workdir).toBe("/tmp")
     })
-    test("rejects missing description", () => {
-      expect(accepts(Shell, { command: "ls" })).toBe(false)
-    })
     test("rejects missing command", () => {
-      expect(accepts(Shell, { description: "list" })).toBe(false)
+      expect(accepts(Shell, {})).toBe(false)
     })
   })
 
diff --git a/packages/opencode/test/tool/shell.test.ts b/packages/opencode/test/tool/shell.test.ts
index 2ea1d145896..7b98e721d36 100644
--- a/packages/opencode/test/tool/shell.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opencode/test/tool/shell.test.ts
@@ -182,7 +182,6 @@ describe("tool.shell", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const result = yield* run({
           command: "echo test",
-          description: "Echo test message",
         })
         expect(result.metadata.exit).toBe(0)
         expect(result.metadata.output).toContain("test")
@@ -204,7 +203,6 @@ describe("tool.shell", () => {
           const result = yield* bash.execute(
             {
               command: "echo fallback",
-              description: "Echo fallback text",
             },
             ctx,
           )
@@ -227,7 +225,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
           yield* run(
             {
               command: "echo hello",
-              description: "Echo hello",
             },
             capture(requests),
           )
@@ -249,7 +246,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
           yield* run(
             {
               command: "echo foo && echo bar",
-              description: "Echo twice",
             },
             capture(requests),
           )
@@ -273,7 +269,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
             yield* run(
               {
                 command: "Write-Host foo; if ($?) { Write-Host bar }",
-                description: "Check PowerShell conditional",
               },
               capture(requests),
             )
@@ -303,7 +298,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* fail(
                   {
                     command: "Remove-Item -Recurse tmp",
-                    description: "Remove a temp directory",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -331,7 +325,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
           yield* fail(
             {
               command: `cat ${file}`,
-              description: "Read wildcard path",
             },
             capture(requests, err),
           ),
@@ -359,7 +352,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* run(
                   {
                     command: `echo $(cat "${file}")`,
-                    description: "Read nested bash file",
                   },
                   capture(requests),
                 )
@@ -389,7 +381,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* fail(
                   {
                     command: `Copy-Item -PassThru "${process.env.WINDIR!.replaceAll("\\", "/")}/win.ini" ./out`,
-                    description: "Copy Windows ini",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -415,7 +406,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
               yield* run(
                 {
                   command: `Write-Output $(Get-Content ${file})`,
-                  description: "Read nested PowerShell file",
                 },
                 capture(requests),
               )
@@ -446,7 +436,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                   yield* fail(
                     {
                       command: 'Get-Content "C:../outside.txt"',
-                      description: "Read drive-relative file",
                     },
                     capture(requests, err),
                   ),
@@ -474,7 +463,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* fail(
                   {
                     command: 'Get-Content "$HOME/.ssh/config"',
-                    description: "Read home config",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -503,7 +491,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                   yield* fail(
                     {
                       command: 'Get-Content "$PWD/../outside.txt"',
-                      description: "Read pwd-relative file",
                     },
                     capture(requests, err),
                   ),
@@ -531,7 +518,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* fail(
                   {
                     command: 'Get-Content "$PSHOME/outside.txt"',
-                    description: "Read pshome file",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -567,7 +553,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                     yield* fail(
                       {
                         command: `Get-Content -Path "${root}$env:${key}\\Windows\\win.ini"`,
-                        description: "Read Windows ini with missing env",
                       },
                       capture(requests, err),
                     ),
@@ -598,7 +583,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
               yield* run(
                 {
                   command: "Get-Content $env:WINDIR/win.ini",
-                  description: "Read Windows ini from env",
                 },
                 capture(requests),
               )
@@ -626,7 +610,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* fail(
                   {
                     command: `Get-Content -Path FileSystem::${process.env.WINDIR!.replaceAll("\\", "/")}/win.ini`,
-                    description: "Read Windows ini from FileSystem provider",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -655,7 +638,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* fail(
                   {
                     command: "Get-Content ${env:WINDIR}/win.ini",
-                    description: "Read Windows ini from braced env",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -682,7 +664,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
               yield* run(
                 {
                   command: "Set-Location C:/Windows",
-                  description: "Change location",
                 },
                 capture(requests),
               )
@@ -710,7 +691,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
               yield* run(
                 {
                   command: "Write-Output ('a' * 3)",
-                  description: "Write repeated text",
                 },
                 capture(requests),
               )
@@ -736,7 +716,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
             yield* run(
               {
                 command: `TYPE "${path.join(process.env.WINDIR!, "win.ini")}"`,
-                description: "Read Windows ini with cmd",
               },
               capture(requests),
             )
@@ -761,7 +740,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
             yield* fail(
               {
                 command: "cd ../",
-                description: "Change to parent directory",
               },
               capture(requests, err),
             ),
@@ -786,7 +764,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
               {
                 command: "echo ok",
                 workdir: os.tmpdir(),
-                description: "Echo from temp dir",
               },
               capture(requests, err),
             ),
@@ -817,7 +794,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                   {
                     command: "echo ok",
                     workdir: dir,
-                    description: "Echo from external dir",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -850,7 +826,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                   {
                     command: "echo ok",
                     workdir: "/tmp",
-                    description: "Echo from Git Bash tmp",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -878,7 +853,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
                 yield* fail(
                   {
                     command: "cat /tmp/opencode-does-not-exist",
-                    description: "Read Git Bash tmp file",
                   },
                   capture(requests, err),
                 ),
@@ -910,7 +884,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
             yield* fail(
               {
                 command: `cat ${filepath}`,
-                description: "Read external file",
               },
               capture(requests, err),
             ),
@@ -922,7 +895,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
           expect(extDirReq!.always).toContain(expected)
           expect(extDirReq!.metadata).toMatchObject({
             command: `cat ${filepath}`,
-            description: "Read external file",
             directories: [outerTmp],
             patterns: [expected],
           })
@@ -942,7 +914,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
           yield* run(
             {
               command: `rm -rf ${path.join(tmp, "nested")}`,
-              description: "Remove nested dir",
             },
             capture(requests),
           )
@@ -963,7 +934,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
           yield* run(
             {
               command: "git log --oneline -5",
-              description: "Git log",
             },
             capture(requests),
           )
@@ -985,7 +955,6 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
           yield* run(
             {
               command: "cd .",
-              description: "Stay in current directory",
             },
             capture(requests),
           )
@@ -1004,12 +973,9 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const err = new Error("stop after permission")
           const requests: Array<Omit<PermissionV1.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
-          expect(
-            yield* fail(
-              { command: "echo test > output.txt", description: "Redirect test output" },
-              capture(requests, err),
-            ),
-          ).toMatchObject({ message: err.message })
+          expect(yield* fail({ command: "echo test > output.txt" }, capture(requests, err))).toMatchObject({
+            message: err.message,
+          })
           const bashReq = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "bash")
           expect(bashReq).toBeDefined()
           expect(bashReq!.patterns).toContain("echo test > output.txt")
@@ -1025,7 +991,7 @@ describe("tool.shell permissions", () => {
         tmp,
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const requests: Array<Omit<PermissionV1.Request, "id" | "sessionID" | "tool">> = []
-          yield* run({ command: "ls -la", description: "List" }, capture(requests))
+          yield* run({ command: "ls -la" }, capture(requests))
           const bashReq = requests.find((r) => r.permission === "bash")
           expect(bashReq).toBeDefined()
           expect(bashReq!.always[0]).toBe("ls *")
@@ -1047,7 +1013,6 @@ describe("tool.shell abort", () => {
           const res = yield* run(
             {
               command: `echo before && sleep 30`,
-              description: "Long running command",
             },
             {
               ...ctx,
@@ -1078,7 +1043,6 @@ describe("tool.shell abort", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const result = yield* run({
             command: `sleep 60`,
-            description: "Timeout test",
             timeout: 500,
           })
           expect(result.output).toContain("shell tool terminated command after exceeding timeout")
@@ -1099,7 +1063,6 @@ describe("tool.shell abort", () => {
           const result = yield* tool.execute(
             {
               command: `sleep 60`,
-              description: "Default timeout test",
             },
             ctx,
           )
@@ -1116,7 +1079,6 @@ describe("tool.shell abort", () => {
         Effect.gen(function* () {
           const result = yield* run({
             command: `echo stdout_msg && echo stderr_msg >&2`,
-            description: "Stderr test",
           })
           expect(result.output).toContain("stdout_msg")
           expect(result.output).toContain("stderr_msg")
@@ -1132,7 +1094,6 @@ describe("tool.shell abort", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const result = yield* run({
           command: `exit 42`,
-          description: "Non-zero exit",
         })
         expect(result.metadata.exit).toBe(42)
       }),
@@ -1147,7 +1108,6 @@ describe("tool.shell abort", () => {
         const result = yield* run(
           {
             command: `echo first && sleep 0.1 && echo second`,
-            description: "Streaming test",
           },
           {
             ...ctx,
@@ -1174,7 +1134,6 @@ describe("tool.shell truncation", () => {
         const lineCount = Truncate.MAX_LINES + 500
         const result = yield* run({
           command: fill("lines", lineCount),
-          description: "Generate lines exceeding limit",
         })
         mustTruncate(result)
         expect(result.output).toMatch(/\.\.\.output truncated\.\.\./)
@@ -1190,7 +1149,6 @@ describe("tool.shell truncation", () => {
         const byteCount = Truncate.MAX_BYTES + 10000
         const result = yield* run({
           command: fill("bytes", byteCount),
-          description: "Generate bytes exceeding limit",
         })
         mustTruncate(result)
         expect(result.output).toMatch(/\.\.\.output truncated\.\.\./)
@@ -1205,7 +1163,6 @@ describe("tool.shell truncation", () => {
       Effect.gen(function* () {
         const result = yield* run({
           command: fill("lines", 1),
-          description: "Generate one line",
         })
         expect((result.metadata as { truncated?: boolean }).truncated).toBe(false)
         expect(result.output).toContain("1")
@@ -1220,7 +1177,6 @@ describe("tool.shell truncation", () => {
         const lineCount = Truncate.MAX_LINES + 100
         const result = yield* run({
           command: fill("lines", lineCount),
-          description: "Generate lines for file check",
         })
         mustTruncate(result)
 
diff --git a/packages/plugin/package.json b/packages/plugin/package.json
index b3c4f40137c..ef213475004 100644
--- a/packages/plugin/package.json
+++ b/packages/plugin/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/plugin",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
@@ -11,12 +11,15 @@
   "exports": {
     ".": "./src/index.ts",
     "./tool": "./src/tool.ts",
-    "./tui": "./src/tui.ts"
+    "./tui": "./src/tui.ts",
+    "./v2/effect": "./src/v2/effect/index.ts",
+    "./v2/promise": "./src/v2/promise/index.ts"
   },
   "files": [
     "dist"
   ],
   "dependencies": {
+    "@ai-sdk/provider": "3.0.8",
     "@opencode-ai/sdk": "workspace:*",
     "effect": "catalog:",
     "zod": "catalog:"
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/PLAN.md b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/PLAN.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71fa07bd7b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/PLAN.md
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+# V2 Plugin System Implementation Plan
+
+## Status
+
+This document describes the agreed target design for the V2 plugin system. It is an implementation plan, not documentation for the current API.
+
+## Goals
+
+- Internal and external plugins use the same public plugin API.
+- Effect plugins import `@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect`, not `@opencode-ai/core`.
+- Public domain values use generated `@opencode-ai/sdk` types.
+- Core may retain branded IDs, decoded Effect schemas, and internal service types.
+- Plugins may register replayable domain transforms and runtime hooks imperatively during setup.
+- Registrations are scoped, independently disposable, ordered, and removable.
+- Dynamic sources such as models.dev, config files, and skill directories can rebuild one domain without reloading the entire Location.
+- The initial implementation covers the Effect API. A Promise API will be designed afterward as a wrapper over the same capabilities.
+
+## Authoring Model
+
+A plugin setup effect receives `PluginHost` and imperatively registers transforms and hooks.
+
+```ts
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "example",
+  effect: (ctx) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* ctx.agent.transform(
+        Effect.fn(function* (agent) {
+          agent.update("reviewer", (item) => {
+            item.description = "Reviews code for regressions"
+            item.mode = "subagent"
+          })
+        }),
+      )
+
+      yield* ctx.tool.hook(
+        "execute.before",
+        Effect.fn(function* (event) {
+          event.args.update(sanitizeArgs)
+        }),
+      )
+    }),
+})
+```
+
+Plugin setup does not return hooks.
+
+## Public Naming
+
+Settled names:
+
+- Replayable domain registration: `transform`
+- Explicit domain replay: `rebuild`
+- Runtime callback registration: `hook`
+- Registration cleanup: `dispose`
+- Event domain: singular `event`
+- Other domains are singular: `agent`, `command`, `integration`, `reference`, `session`, `skill`, and `tool`; `catalog` remains `catalog`
+- Hook names use dotted lifecycle names such as `"execute.before"` and `"execute.after"`
+
+## Transform API
+
+Each transformable domain exposes:
+
+```ts
+interface TransformDomain<Editor> {
+  transform(callback: (editor: Editor) => Effect.Effect<void>): Effect.Effect<Registration, never, Scope.Scope>
+
+  rebuild(): Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+```
+
+The actual callback may be represented with the project's normal `Effect.fn` style.
+
+```ts
+const registration =
+  yield *
+  ctx.catalog.transform(
+    Effect.fn(function* (catalog) {
+      const integration = yield* ctx.integration.get("anthropic")
+      if (!integration) return
+
+      catalog.provider.update("anthropic", (provider) => {
+        provider.name = "Anthropic"
+      })
+    }),
+  )
+```
+
+Transforms may perform arbitrary Effects, including reads from other PluginHost services, filesystem I/O, and network I/O. Reads from another domain observe that domain's latest committed state.
+
+Transforms have no typed error channel. Unexpected failures are defects.
+
+## Transform Semantics
+
+- Every call to `transform()` creates an independent registration.
+- Multiple transforms from one plugin and domain are allowed.
+- Transform order is plugin registration order, then transform registration order within the plugin.
+- A transform is automatically removed when its registration scope closes.
+- `Registration.dispose` removes it early and is idempotent.
+- Registering or disposing a transform automatically rebuilds its domain.
+- During bulk plugin boot, automatic rebuilds are deferred and each affected domain is rebuilt once after the batch.
+- `rebuild()` waits until replay and finalization complete.
+- `rebuild()` always replays every active transform for the domain.
+- Rebuilds are serialized and coalesced. Calls arriving during an active rebuild schedule at most one additional rebuild.
+- A rebuild captures its registration list at the start. Concurrent registration changes affect the next rebuild.
+- Transforms may not register or dispose transforms while replaying. Such changes are rejected or deferred by the runtime.
+- Calling `rebuild()` for the currently rebuilding domain from one of its transforms is rejected.
+- Rebuilding another domain from a transform is deferred until the current transform finishes.
+
+## Registration API
+
+Transforms and runtime hooks return the same Effect registration type.
+
+```ts
+interface Registration {
+  readonly dispose: Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+```
+
+Registration behavior:
+
+- Automatically attached to the current `Scope.Scope`
+- Explicitly disposable before scope closure
+- Disposal affects future replays or invocations
+- An in-flight rebuild or hook invocation uses the registration snapshot captured when it started and is allowed to finish
+
+## Runtime Hook API
+
+Domains expose runtime interception through `hook()`.
+
+```ts
+const registration =
+  yield *
+  ctx.tool.hook(
+    "execute.before",
+    Effect.fn(function* (event) {
+      event.args.update(sanitizeArgs)
+    }),
+  )
+```
+
+Runtime hook behavior:
+
+- Multiple registrations for the same hook are allowed.
+- Hooks run sequentially in plugin and registration order.
+- Later hooks observe mutations made by earlier hooks.
+- Hook registration is scope-owned and independently disposable.
+- Disposal affects future invocations; an in-flight invocation finishes using its captured registration snapshot.
+- Runtime hooks are not replayed during domain rebuilds.
+- Runtime hook callbacks have no typed error channel.
+
+## Hook Contexts
+
+Each hook receives one purpose-built context object rather than separate input/output parameters.
+
+```ts
+ctx.tool.hook("execute.before", (event) => {
+  event.args.update((args) => ({
+    ...args,
+    timeout: 30,
+  }))
+})
+```
+
+Hook context objects may contain:
+
+- Readonly SDK-typed operation data
+- Purpose-built methods for allowed mutations
+- Capability methods where the operation requires more than field assignment
+
+They must not expose core drafts or unrestricted internal objects.
+
+## Domain Transforms Versus Runtime Hooks
+
+Both use the same low-level scoped registration registry, but consumers invoke them differently.
+
+```ts
+ctx.tool.transform(...) // replayed to build effective tool registry state
+ctx.tool.hook(...)      // invoked at a live tool operation boundary
+```
+
+The shared low-level machinery owns registration order, scope cleanup, disposal, and snapshots. Each domain owns when its transforms or runtime hooks execute.
+
+## Event API
+
+The Effect API exposes the existing event system as typed streams using generated SDK event discriminants.
+
+```ts
+ctx.event.subscribe("catalog.updated")
+// Stream.Stream<EventCatalogUpdated>
+```
+
+Example:
+
+```ts
+yield *
+  ctx.event.subscribe("catalog.updated").pipe(
+    Stream.runForEach(() => ctx.agent.rebuild()),
+    Effect.forkScoped,
+  )
+```
+
+The plugin package derives event payload types from the generated SDK `Event` union:
+
+```ts
+type EventMap = {
+  [Item in Event as Item["type"]]: Item
+}
+```
+
+Core resolves the public event type string to its internal event definition and delegates to `EventV2.Service.subscribe`.
+
+## Domain State Model
+
+Each transformable core service continues to own:
+
+- Base state
+- Effective committed state
+- Editor creation
+- Ordered transform registrations for that domain
+- Rebuild serialization and coalescing
+- Core finalization
+- Commit and post-commit events
+
+The initial implementation should evolve the existing generic `State` helper rather than create a central cross-domain state manager.
+
+```text
+base state
+→ replay active transforms in order
+→ core domain finalization
+→ commit effective state
+→ publish updated event
+```
+
+No cross-domain transform or transaction API is included.
+
+## Finalization
+
+Each domain has one plugin transform phase followed by core finalization.
+
+Core finalization is for invariants and materialization, not plugin extension behavior.
+
+Examples:
+
+- Catalog policy filtering and validation
+- Reference repository materialization
+- Integration connection projection
+- Index construction
+- Post-commit update events
+
+Finalizers should distinguish pre-commit work from post-commit notification. Update events should publish after the new state is visible.
+
+## Plugin Order
+
+The default distribution uses an opinionated internal order:
+
+```text
+1. Built-in agents, commands, and skills
+2. Base data sources such as models.dev
+3. Configuration projections
+4. Provider-specific normalization and authentication
+5. External user plugins
+6. Core domain finalization
+```
+
+For catalog transforms:
+
+```text
+models.dev
+→ config provider overrides
+→ built-in provider normalization
+→ user catalog transforms
+→ catalog finalization
+```
+
+This replaces the current distinction between setup-installed State transforms and catalog hooks invoked from the catalog finalizer.
+
+Replacing a plugin with the same ID retains its existing order position. The old plugin is disabled before the replacement setup starts.
+
+## Boot Batching
+
+Plugin boot runs in an internal registration batch.
+
+```text
+begin batch
+→ initialize plugins sequentially
+→ register transforms and hooks
+→ collect affected domains
+→ rebuild each affected domain once
+→ end batch
+```
+
+Registration itself is not staged per plugin. If setup fails, closing the plugin's child scope removes every registration made before the failure.
+
+Outside a batch, transform registration and disposal rebuild immediately.
+
+## Models.dev Example
+
+Models.dev performs effectful reads directly from its transforms and rebuilds affected domains after refresh.
+
+```ts
+export const ModelsDevPlugin = define({
+  id: "models-dev",
+  effect: (ctx) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const modelsDev = yield* ModelsDev.Service
+      const event = yield* EventV2.Service
+
+      yield* ctx.integration.transform(
+        Effect.fn(function* (integration) {
+          const data = yield* modelsDev.get()
+          applyIntegrations(data, integration)
+        }),
+      )
+
+      yield* ctx.catalog.transform(
+        Effect.fn(function* (catalog) {
+          const data = yield* modelsDev.get()
+          applyCatalog(data, catalog)
+        }),
+      )
+
+      yield* event.subscribe(ModelsDev.Event.Refreshed).pipe(
+        Stream.runForEach(
+          Effect.fn(function* () {
+            yield* ctx.integration.rebuild()
+            yield* ctx.catalog.rebuild()
+          }),
+        ),
+        Effect.forkScoped({ startImmediately: true }),
+      )
+    }),
+})
+```
+
+The two domains rebuild sequentially. This plan does not add a cross-domain atomic transaction.
+
+## Config Watcher Example
+
+```ts
+export const ConfigPlugin = define({
+  id: "config",
+  effect: (ctx) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const config = yield* ConfigSource.Service
+
+      yield* ctx.agent.transform(
+        Effect.fn(function* (agent) {
+          applyAgentConfig(yield* config.get(), agent)
+        }),
+      )
+
+      yield* ctx.command.transform(
+        Effect.fn(function* (command) {
+          applyCommandConfig(yield* config.get(), command)
+        }),
+      )
+
+      yield* config.changes.pipe(
+        Stream.runForEach(
+          Effect.fn(function* () {
+            yield* ctx.agent.rebuild()
+            yield* ctx.command.rebuild()
+          }),
+        ),
+        Effect.forkScoped,
+      )
+    }),
+})
+```
+
+## Cross-Domain Read Example
+
+A transform may read another committed service. It must still arrange for its own domain to rebuild when that dependency changes.
+
+```ts
+export const AnthropicAgentPlugin = define({
+  id: "anthropic-agent",
+  effect: (ctx) =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      yield* ctx.agent.transform(
+        Effect.fn(function* (agent) {
+          const providers = yield* ctx.catalog.provider.list()
+          if (!providers.some((provider) => provider.id === "anthropic")) return
+
+          agent.update("anthropic-reviewer", (item) => {
+            item.description = "Reviews code using Anthropic"
+            item.mode = "subagent"
+            item.model = {
+              providerID: "anthropic",
+              id: "claude-sonnet",
+            }
+          })
+        }),
+      )
+
+      yield* ctx.event.subscribe("catalog.updated").pipe(
+        Stream.runForEach(() => ctx.agent.rebuild()),
+        Effect.forkScoped,
+      )
+    }),
+})
+```
+
+The runtime does not infer cross-domain dependencies.
+
+## Embedding API Compatibility
+
+The imperative registration model maps naturally to a future application embedding API:
+
+```ts
+const registration = oc.agent.transform((agent) => {
+  agent.update("reviewer", configureReviewer)
+})
+
+registration.dispose()
+```
+
+An application registration is stored as an application-level plugin registration. It attaches to every current Location and is installed during future Location boot. Disposal removes all current attachments and prevents future attachment.
+
+The Effect implementation remains the canonical runtime. Promise and embedding wrappers are deferred until after the Effect API is stable.
+
+## Migration Plan
+
+### 1. Define Public Contracts
+
+- Define `PluginHost` domain capabilities in `@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect`.
+- Define SDK-typed editors for agent, catalog, command, integration, reference, skill, and tool.
+- Define typed runtime hook maps per domain.
+- Define `Registration`.
+- Define typed `event.subscribe(type)`.
+
+### 2. Generalize Registration Machinery
+
+- Add one low-level scoped registration registry used by transforms and runtime hooks.
+- Preserve plugin order and registration order.
+- Support idempotent disposal and registration snapshots.
+- Retain plugin position during same-ID replacement.
+
+### 3. Evolve State
+
+- Replace the current returned transform-slot updater with direct `transform(callback)` registration.
+- Support Effectful callbacks.
+- Add public `rebuild()`.
+- Add rebuild serialization and coalescing.
+- Add boot batching that defers automatic rebuilds.
+- Move update event publication after commit.
+
+### 4. Expand Domain Transform Hooks
+
+- Agent
+- Catalog
+- Command
+- Integration
+- Reference
+- Skill
+- Tool
+
+### 5. Migrate Existing Plugins
+
+- Built-in agent transform
+- Built-in command transform
+- Built-in skill transform
+- Models.dev catalog and integration transforms
+- Config transforms
+- OpenAI integration transform
+- Provider catalog transforms
+
+### 6. Migrate Runtime Hooks
+
+- AI SDK resolution
+- Language model resolution
+- Tool execution hooks
+- Session prompt/context hooks as required
+
+### 7. Remove Returned Hooks
+
+- Remove `HookFunctions` as the plugin setup return value.
+- Remove catalog's special finalizer-triggered plugin hook path.
+- Remove `plugin.added` catalog mutation handling.
+- Make add/remove/replacement rely on scoped registration and domain rebuilds.
+
+### 8. Add Event Adapter
+
+- Build the SDK event discriminant map.
+- Resolve public type strings to internal EventV2 definitions.
+- Return typed Effect streams.
+
+### 9. Verification
+
+- Transform order is deterministic.
+- Multiple transforms per plugin/domain compose.
+- Registration and disposal rebuild automatically outside boot batches.
+- Boot performs one rebuild per affected domain.
+- Plugin setup failure removes prior registrations.
+- Same-ID replacement retains order and disables the old plugin first.
+- Rebuilds serialize and coalesce.
+- Registration changes during replay affect the next rebuild.
+- Same-domain recursive rebuild is rejected.
+- Cross-domain rebuild requests from transforms are deferred.
+- Hook execution is sequential and snapshot-based.
+- Models.dev refresh replays config and provider transforms.
+- Config and skill watcher refreshes remove stale entries.
+- Plugin removal restores prior effective state.
+- Events observe newly committed state.
+
+## Deferred Decisions
+
+- Promise API shape
+- Typed error model
+- Transform timeouts
+- Cross-domain atomic rebuilds
+- Automatic dependency tracking
+- Whole-Location generation reload
+- Exact editors and runtime hooks not required by current plugins
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/README.md b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3da1d7b566d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# OpenCode V2 Effect Plugin API
+
+The Effect plugin API grants plugins two in-process capabilities:
+
+- `hook` installs behavior at an OpenCode extension point.
+- `reload` reruns every transform hook for a stateful domain.
+
+The public server client will be exposed separately. It is intentionally not part of `PluginContext` yet.
+
+## Defining A Plugin
+
+```ts
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect"
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "example",
+  effect: Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+    yield* ctx.catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+      catalog.provider.update("example", (provider) => {
+        provider.name = "Example"
+      })
+    })
+  }),
+})
+```
+
+Plugin setup registers hooks imperatively. It does not return a hook object.
+
+Configuration supplied for the plugin is available as `ctx.options`.
+
+Registrations are owned by the plugin scope. Closing the scope removes them automatically; a registration may also be removed early through `dispose`.
+
+## Transform Hooks
+
+Transform hooks contribute to stateful domains:
+
+```ts
+yield *
+  ctx.agent.transform((agent) => {
+    agent.update("reviewer", (item) => {
+      item.description = "Reviews code for regressions"
+      item.mode = "subagent"
+    })
+  })
+```
+
+OpenCode rebuilds the domain when a transform is registered or disposed. A rebuild starts from fresh domain state and runs every active transform in registration order.
+
+Available transform hooks are namespaced by domain:
+
+```ts
+ctx.agent.transform
+ctx.catalog.transform
+ctx.command.transform
+ctx.integration.transform
+ctx.reference.transform
+ctx.skill.transform
+```
+
+## Runtime Hooks
+
+Runtime hooks intercept live operations rather than rebuilding domain state:
+
+```ts
+yield *
+  ctx.aisdk.sdk(
+    Effect.fn(function* (event) {
+      if (event.package !== "@ai-sdk/xai") return
+      const mod = yield* Effect.promise(() => import("@ai-sdk/xai"))
+      event.sdk = mod.createXai(event.options)
+    }),
+  )
+
+yield *
+  ctx.aisdk.language((event) => {
+    if (event.model.providerID !== "xai") return
+    event.language = event.sdk.responses(event.model.api.id)
+  })
+```
+
+Hooks run sequentially in registration order. Later hooks observe mutations made by earlier hooks.
+
+## Reloading A Domain
+
+When data captured by a transform changes, reload the affected domain:
+
+```ts
+let data = yield * loadCatalog()
+
+yield *
+  ctx.catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+    applyCatalog(data, catalog)
+  })
+
+data = yield * loadCatalog()
+yield * ctx.catalog.reload()
+```
+
+Reload belongs to the domain, not an individual registration. `ctx.catalog.reload()` reruns every active catalog transform and publishes the rebuilt catalog.
+
+Available reload operations are:
+
+```ts
+ctx.agent.reload()
+ctx.catalog.reload()
+ctx.command.reload()
+ctx.integration.reload()
+ctx.reference.reload()
+ctx.skill.reload()
+```
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/agent.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/agent.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ded7b831dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/agent.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import type { AgentV2Info } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export interface AgentDraft {
+  list(): readonly AgentV2Info[]
+  get(id: string): AgentV2Info | undefined
+  default(id: string | undefined): void
+  update(id: string, update: (agent: AgentV2Info) => void): void
+  remove(id: string): void
+}
+
+export type AgentHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: AgentDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/aisdk.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/aisdk.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ddc292e3842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/aisdk.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
+import type { ModelV2Info } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type AISDKHooks = Hooks<{
+  sdk: {
+    readonly model: ModelV2Info
+    readonly package: string
+    readonly options: Record<string, any>
+    sdk?: any
+  }
+  language: {
+    readonly model: ModelV2Info
+    readonly sdk: any
+    readonly options: Record<string, any>
+    language?: LanguageModelV3
+  }
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/catalog.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/catalog.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..704ef16bf63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/catalog.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import type { ModelV2Info, ProviderV2Info } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export interface CatalogProviderRecord {
+  readonly provider: ProviderV2Info
+  readonly models: ReadonlyMap<string, ModelV2Info>
+}
+
+export interface CatalogDraft {
+  readonly provider: {
+    list(): readonly CatalogProviderRecord[]
+    get(providerID: string): CatalogProviderRecord | undefined
+    update(providerID: string, update: (provider: ProviderV2Info) => void): void
+    remove(providerID: string): void
+  }
+  readonly model: {
+    get(providerID: string, modelID: string): ModelV2Info | undefined
+    update(providerID: string, modelID: string, update: (model: ModelV2Info) => void): void
+    remove(providerID: string, modelID: string): void
+    readonly default: {
+      get(): { providerID: string; modelID: string } | undefined
+      set(providerID: string, modelID: string): void
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type CatalogHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: CatalogDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/command.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/command.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0afd4bafe04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/command.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import type { CommandV2Info } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export interface CommandDraft {
+  list(): readonly CommandV2Info[]
+  get(name: string): CommandV2Info | undefined
+  update(name: string, update: (command: CommandV2Info) => void): void
+  remove(name: string): void
+}
+
+export type CommandHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: CommandDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/context.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/context.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9089334ee3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/context.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type { PluginOptions } from "../options.js"
+import type { AgentHooks } from "./agent.js"
+import type { AISDKHooks } from "./aisdk.js"
+import type { CatalogHooks } from "./catalog.js"
+import type { CommandHooks } from "./command.js"
+import type { IntegrationHooks } from "./integration.js"
+import type { PluginDomain } from "./plugin.js"
+import type { ReferenceHooks } from "./reference.js"
+import type { SkillHooks } from "./skill.js"
+import type { Reload } from "./registration.js"
+
+export interface PluginContext {
+  readonly options: PluginOptions
+  readonly agent: AgentHooks & Reload
+  readonly aisdk: AISDKHooks
+  readonly catalog: CatalogHooks & Reload
+  readonly command: CommandHooks & Reload
+  readonly integration: IntegrationHooks & Reload
+  readonly plugin: PluginDomain
+  readonly reference: ReferenceHooks & Reload
+  readonly skill: SkillHooks & Reload
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/event.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/event.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6ea7cf0ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/event.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import type { Event as SDKEvent } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Stream } from "effect"
+
+export type EventMap = {
+  [Item in SDKEvent as Item["type"]]: Item
+}
+
+export interface Event {
+  subscribe<Type extends keyof EventMap>(type: Type): Stream.Stream<EventMap[Type]>
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/filesystem.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/filesystem.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d242b2a692f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/filesystem.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import type { FileSystemEntry } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Effect } from "effect"
+
+export interface FileSystem {
+  read(input: { readonly path: string }): Effect.Effect<{ readonly content: Uint8Array; readonly mime: string }>
+  list(input?: { readonly path?: string }): Effect.Effect<FileSystemEntry[]>
+  find(input: {
+    readonly query: string
+    readonly type?: "file" | "directory"
+    readonly limit?: number
+  }): Effect.Effect<FileSystemEntry[]>
+  glob(input: {
+    readonly pattern: string
+    readonly path?: string
+    readonly limit?: number
+  }): Effect.Effect<readonly FileSystemEntry[]>
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/index.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f13614a54da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export type { PluginContext } from "./context.js"
+export { define } from "./plugin.js"
+export type { Plugin } from "./plugin.js"
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/integration.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/integration.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5caec6888e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/integration.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import type {
+  IntegrationEnvMethod,
+  IntegrationInfo,
+  IntegrationKeyMethod,
+  IntegrationOAuthMethod,
+} from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type IntegrationMethod = IntegrationOAuthMethod | IntegrationKeyMethod | IntegrationEnvMethod
+export type IntegrationMethodRegistration =
+  | {
+      readonly integrationID: string
+      readonly method: IntegrationKeyMethod
+    }
+  | {
+      readonly integrationID: string
+      readonly method: IntegrationEnvMethod
+    }
+
+export interface IntegrationDraft {
+  list(): readonly Pick<IntegrationInfo, "id" | "name">[]
+  get(id: string): Pick<IntegrationInfo, "id" | "name"> | undefined
+  update(id: string, update: (integration: Pick<IntegrationInfo, "id" | "name">) => void): void
+  remove(id: string): void
+  readonly method: {
+    list(integrationID: string): readonly IntegrationMethod[]
+    update(input: IntegrationMethodRegistration): void
+    remove(integrationID: string, method: IntegrationMethod): void
+  }
+}
+
+export type IntegrationHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: IntegrationDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/location.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/location.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc546a3b175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/location.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export interface Location {
+  readonly directory: string
+  readonly project: {
+    readonly directory: string
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/npm.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/npm.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4cb96c32d17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/npm.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Effect } from "effect"
+
+export interface Npm {
+  add(pkg: string): Effect.Effect<
+    {
+      readonly directory: string
+      readonly entrypoint?: string
+    },
+    unknown
+  >
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/path.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/path.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f9045cc32d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/path.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+export interface Path {
+  readonly home: string
+  readonly data: string
+  readonly cache: string
+  readonly config: string
+  readonly state: string
+  readonly temp: string
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/plugin.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7352797b824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import type { Effect, Scope } from "effect"
+import type { PluginContext } from "./context.js"
+
+export interface Plugin {
+  readonly id: string
+  readonly effect: (context: PluginContext) => Effect.Effect<void, never, Scope.Scope>
+}
+
+export function define(plugin: Plugin) {
+  return plugin
+}
+
+export interface PluginDomain {
+  readonly add: (plugin: Plugin) => Effect.Effect<void>
+  readonly remove: (id: string) => Effect.Effect<void>
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/reference.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/reference.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c1e2630476e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/reference.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import type { ReferenceGitSource, ReferenceLocalSource } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export interface ReferenceDraft {
+  add(name: string, source: ReferenceLocalSource | ReferenceGitSource): void
+  remove(name: string): void
+  list(): readonly (readonly [string, ReferenceLocalSource | ReferenceGitSource])[]
+}
+
+export type ReferenceHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: ReferenceDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/registration.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/registration.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dfe56263976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/registration.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import type { Effect, Scope } from "effect"
+
+export interface Registration {
+  readonly dispose: Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+
+export interface Reload {
+  readonly reload: () => Effect.Effect<void>
+}
+
+export type Hooks<Spec> = {
+  readonly [Name in keyof Spec]: (
+    callback: (input: Spec[Name]) => Effect.Effect<void> | void,
+  ) => Effect.Effect<Registration, never, Scope.Scope>
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/skill.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/skill.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..88dd3867d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/effect/skill.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import type { SkillV2Info } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type SkillSource =
+  | { readonly type: "directory"; readonly path: string }
+  | { readonly type: "url"; readonly url: string }
+  | { readonly type: "embedded"; readonly skill: SkillV2Info }
+
+export interface SkillDraft {
+  source(source: SkillSource): void
+  list(): readonly SkillSource[]
+}
+
+export type SkillHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: SkillDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/options.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/options.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2b210f943b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/options.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export type PluginOptions = Readonly<Record<string, any>>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/README.md b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e91b93fbdfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# OpenCode V2 Promise Plugin API
+
+The Promise plugin API is the async/await equivalent of `@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/effect`. It grants plugins the same two in-process capabilities:
+
+- `hook` installs behavior at an OpenCode extension point.
+- `reload` reruns every transform hook for a stateful domain.
+
+The only difference from the Effect API is the async boundary: hook callbacks, hook registration, `reload`, and `Registration.dispose` use Promises instead of Effects.
+
+## Defining A Plugin
+
+```ts
+import { define } from "@opencode-ai/plugin/v2/promise"
+
+export const Plugin = define({
+  id: "example",
+  setup: async (ctx) => {
+    await ctx.catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+      catalog.provider.update("example", (provider) => {
+        provider.name = "Example"
+      })
+    })
+  },
+})
+```
+
+Plugin setup registers hooks imperatively. It does not return a hook object.
+
+Configuration supplied for the plugin is available as `ctx.options`.
+
+A registration may be removed early through `dispose`:
+
+```ts
+const registration = await ctx.catalog.transform(applyCatalog)
+await registration.dispose()
+```
+
+## Transform Hooks
+
+Transform hooks contribute to stateful domains. The draft editor is synchronous; the callback may be `async` when it needs to await other work:
+
+```ts
+await ctx.agent.transform((agent) => {
+  agent.update("reviewer", (item) => {
+    item.description = "Reviews code for regressions"
+    item.mode = "subagent"
+  })
+})
+```
+
+Available transform hooks are namespaced by domain:
+
+```ts
+ctx.agent.transform
+ctx.catalog.transform
+ctx.command.transform
+ctx.integration.transform
+ctx.reference.transform
+ctx.skill.transform
+```
+
+## Runtime Hooks
+
+Runtime hooks intercept live operations:
+
+```ts
+await ctx.aisdk.sdk(async (event) => {
+  if (event.package !== "@ai-sdk/xai") return
+  const mod = await import("@ai-sdk/xai")
+  event.sdk = mod.createXai(event.options)
+})
+
+await ctx.aisdk.language((event) => {
+  if (event.model.providerID !== "xai") return
+  event.language = event.sdk.responses(event.model.api.id)
+})
+```
+
+## Reloading A Domain
+
+When data captured by a transform changes, reload the affected domain:
+
+```ts
+let data = await loadCatalog()
+
+await ctx.catalog.transform((catalog) => {
+  applyCatalog(data, catalog)
+})
+
+data = await loadCatalog()
+await ctx.catalog.reload()
+```
+
+Available reload operations are:
+
+```ts
+ctx.agent.reload()
+ctx.catalog.reload()
+ctx.command.reload()
+ctx.integration.reload()
+ctx.reference.reload()
+ctx.skill.reload()
+```
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/agent.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/agent.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bec589146ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/agent.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { AgentDraft } from "../effect/agent.js"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type { AgentDraft }
+
+export type AgentHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: AgentDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/aisdk.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/aisdk.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ddc292e3842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/aisdk.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import type { LanguageModelV3 } from "@ai-sdk/provider"
+import type { ModelV2Info } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2/types"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type AISDKHooks = Hooks<{
+  sdk: {
+    readonly model: ModelV2Info
+    readonly package: string
+    readonly options: Record<string, any>
+    sdk?: any
+  }
+  language: {
+    readonly model: ModelV2Info
+    readonly sdk: any
+    readonly options: Record<string, any>
+    language?: LanguageModelV3
+  }
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/catalog.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/catalog.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70842e94b71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/catalog.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { CatalogDraft, CatalogProviderRecord } from "../effect/catalog.js"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type { CatalogDraft, CatalogProviderRecord }
+
+export type CatalogHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: CatalogDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/command.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/command.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cdc5f8268a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/command.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { CommandDraft } from "../effect/command.js"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type { CommandDraft }
+
+export type CommandHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: CommandDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/context.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/context.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9089334ee3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/context.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type { PluginOptions } from "../options.js"
+import type { AgentHooks } from "./agent.js"
+import type { AISDKHooks } from "./aisdk.js"
+import type { CatalogHooks } from "./catalog.js"
+import type { CommandHooks } from "./command.js"
+import type { IntegrationHooks } from "./integration.js"
+import type { PluginDomain } from "./plugin.js"
+import type { ReferenceHooks } from "./reference.js"
+import type { SkillHooks } from "./skill.js"
+import type { Reload } from "./registration.js"
+
+export interface PluginContext {
+  readonly options: PluginOptions
+  readonly agent: AgentHooks & Reload
+  readonly aisdk: AISDKHooks
+  readonly catalog: CatalogHooks & Reload
+  readonly command: CommandHooks & Reload
+  readonly integration: IntegrationHooks & Reload
+  readonly plugin: PluginDomain
+  readonly reference: ReferenceHooks & Reload
+  readonly skill: SkillHooks & Reload
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/index.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23394fa012a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+export type { PluginContext } from "./context.js"
+export type { PluginOptions } from "../options.js"
+export { define } from "./plugin.js"
+export type { Plugin, PluginDomain } from "./plugin.js"
+export type { Registration, Reload } from "./registration.js"
+export type { AgentDraft, AgentHooks } from "./agent.js"
+export type { AISDKHooks } from "./aisdk.js"
+export type { CatalogDraft, CatalogHooks, CatalogProviderRecord } from "./catalog.js"
+export type { CommandDraft, CommandHooks } from "./command.js"
+export type {
+  IntegrationDraft,
+  IntegrationHooks,
+  IntegrationMethod,
+  IntegrationMethodRegistration,
+} from "./integration.js"
+export type { ReferenceDraft, ReferenceHooks } from "./reference.js"
+export type { SkillDraft, SkillHooks, SkillSource } from "./skill.js"
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/integration.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/integration.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06afa09d238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/integration.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { IntegrationDraft, IntegrationMethod, IntegrationMethodRegistration } from "../effect/integration.js"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type { IntegrationDraft, IntegrationMethod, IntegrationMethodRegistration }
+
+export type IntegrationHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: IntegrationDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/plugin.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/plugin.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab59fb95fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/plugin.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import type { PluginContext } from "./context.js"
+
+export interface Plugin {
+  readonly id: string
+  readonly setup: (context: PluginContext) => Promise<void> | void
+}
+
+export function define(plugin: Plugin) {
+  return plugin
+}
+
+export interface PluginDomain {
+  readonly add: (plugin: Plugin) => Promise<void>
+  readonly remove: (id: string) => Promise<void>
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/reference.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/reference.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4b7f8b8393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/reference.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { ReferenceDraft } from "../effect/reference.js"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type { ReferenceDraft }
+
+export type ReferenceHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: ReferenceDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/registration.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/registration.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e0ae7f480a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/registration.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export interface Registration {
+  readonly dispose: () => Promise<void>
+}
+
+export interface Reload {
+  readonly reload: () => Promise<void>
+}
+
+export type Hooks<Spec> = {
+  readonly [Name in keyof Spec]: (callback: (input: Spec[Name]) => Promise<void> | void) => Promise<Registration>
+}
diff --git a/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/skill.ts b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/skill.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fbfa1a4a637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/plugin/src/v2/promise/skill.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import type { SkillDraft, SkillSource } from "../effect/skill.js"
+import type { Hooks } from "./registration.js"
+
+export type { SkillDraft, SkillSource }
+
+export type SkillHooks = Hooks<{
+  transform: SkillDraft
+}>
diff --git a/packages/sdk/js/package.json b/packages/sdk/js/package.json
index a0dc88f4a3b..78643b6a1ef 100644
--- a/packages/sdk/js/package.json
+++ b/packages/sdk/js/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/sdk",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
     "./v2": "./src/v2/index.ts",
     "./v2/client": "./src/v2/client.ts",
     "./v2/gen/client": "./src/v2/gen/client/index.ts",
-    "./v2/server": "./src/v2/server.ts"
+    "./v2/server": "./src/v2/server.ts",
+    "./v2/types": "./src/v2/gen/types.gen.ts"
   },
   "files": [
     "dist"
diff --git a/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/sdk.gen.ts b/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/sdk.gen.ts
index 0b72e620ae5..d501e28132c 100644
--- a/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/sdk.gen.ts
+++ b/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/sdk.gen.ts
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ import type {
   EventTuiPromptAppend,
   EventTuiSessionSelect,
   EventTuiToastShow,
+  ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetErrors,
+  ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetResponses,
   ExperimentalConsoleGetErrors,
   ExperimentalConsoleGetResponses,
   ExperimentalConsoleListOrgsErrors,
@@ -351,6 +353,10 @@ import type {
   V2SessionQuestionRejectResponses,
   V2SessionQuestionReplyErrors,
   V2SessionQuestionReplyResponses,
+  V2SessionSwitchAgentErrors,
+  V2SessionSwitchAgentResponses,
+  V2SessionSwitchModelErrors,
+  V2SessionSwitchModelResponses,
   V2SessionWaitErrors,
   V2SessionWaitResponses,
   V2SkillListErrors,
@@ -627,6 +633,42 @@ export class ControlPlane extends HeyApiClient {
   }
 }
 
+export class Capabilities extends HeyApiClient {
+  /**
+   * Get experimental capabilities
+   *
+   * Get experimental features enabled on the OpenCode server.
+   */
+  public get<ThrowOnError extends boolean = false>(
+    parameters?: {
+      directory?: string
+      workspace?: string
+    },
+    options?: Options<never, ThrowOnError>,
+  ) {
+    const params = buildClientParams(
+      [parameters],
+      [
+        {
+          args: [
+            { in: "query", key: "directory" },
+            { in: "query", key: "workspace" },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    )
+    return (options?.client ?? this.client).get<
+      ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetResponses,
+      ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetErrors,
+      ThrowOnError
+    >({
+      url: "/experimental/capabilities",
+      ...options,
+      ...params,
+    })
+  }
+}
+
 export class Console extends HeyApiClient {
   /**
    * Get active Console provider metadata
@@ -1180,6 +1222,11 @@ export class Experimental extends HeyApiClient {
     return (this._controlPlane ??= new ControlPlane({ client: this.client }))
   }
 
+  private _capabilities?: Capabilities
+  get capabilities(): Capabilities {
+    return (this._capabilities ??= new Capabilities({ client: this.client }))
+  }
+
   private _console?: Console
   get console(): Console {
     return (this._console ??= new Console({ client: this.client }))
@@ -5294,6 +5341,88 @@ export class Session3 extends HeyApiClient {
     })
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Switch session agent
+   *
+   * Switch the agent used by subsequent provider turns.
+   */
+  public switchAgent<ThrowOnError extends boolean = false>(
+    parameters: {
+      sessionID: string
+      agent?: string
+    },
+    options?: Options<never, ThrowOnError>,
+  ) {
+    const params = buildClientParams(
+      [parameters],
+      [
+        {
+          args: [
+            { in: "path", key: "sessionID" },
+            { in: "body", key: "agent" },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    )
+    return (options?.client ?? this.client).post<
+      V2SessionSwitchAgentResponses,
+      V2SessionSwitchAgentErrors,
+      ThrowOnError
+    >({
+      url: "/api/session/{sessionID}/agent",
+      ...options,
+      ...params,
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        ...options?.headers,
+        ...params.headers,
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Switch session model
+   *
+   * Switch the model used by subsequent provider turns.
+   */
+  public switchModel<ThrowOnError extends boolean = false>(
+    parameters: {
+      sessionID: string
+      model?: {
+        id: string
+        providerID: string
+        variant?: string
+      }
+    },
+    options?: Options<never, ThrowOnError>,
+  ) {
+    const params = buildClientParams(
+      [parameters],
+      [
+        {
+          args: [
+            { in: "path", key: "sessionID" },
+            { in: "body", key: "model" },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    )
+    return (options?.client ?? this.client).post<
+      V2SessionSwitchModelResponses,
+      V2SessionSwitchModelErrors,
+      ThrowOnError
+    >({
+      url: "/api/session/{sessionID}/model",
+      ...options,
+      ...params,
+      headers: {
+        "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        ...options?.headers,
+        ...params.headers,
+      },
+    })
+  }
+
   /**
    * Send message
    *
@@ -6114,22 +6243,12 @@ export class Event2 extends HeyApiClient {
   /**
    * Subscribe to events
    *
-   * Subscribe to native event payloads for a location.
+   * Subscribe to native event payloads for the server.
    */
-  public subscribe<ThrowOnError extends boolean = false>(
-    parameters?: {
-      location?: {
-        directory?: string
-        workspace?: string
-      }
-    },
-    options?: Options<never, ThrowOnError>,
-  ) {
-    const params = buildClientParams([parameters], [{ args: [{ in: "query", key: "location" }] }])
+  public subscribe<ThrowOnError extends boolean = false>(options?: Options<never, ThrowOnError>) {
     return (options?.client ?? this.client).sse.get<V2EventSubscribeResponses, V2EventSubscribeErrors, ThrowOnError>({
       url: "/api/event",
       ...options,
-      ...params,
     })
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/types.gen.ts b/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/types.gen.ts
index 093c1894a8a..ef1c0142fb3 100644
--- a/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/types.gen.ts
+++ b/packages/sdk/js/src/v2/gen/types.gen.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ export type ClientOptions = {
 
 export type Event =
   | EventModelsDevRefreshed
-  | EventPluginAdded
   | EventIntegrationUpdated
   | EventCatalogUpdated
   | EventSessionCreated
@@ -21,8 +20,6 @@ export type Event =
   | EventSessionNextMoved
   | EventSessionNextPrompted
   | EventSessionNextPromptAdmitted
-  | EventSessionNextPromptPromoted
-  | EventSessionNextInterruptRequested
   | EventSessionNextContextUpdated
   | EventSessionNextSynthetic
   | EventSessionNextShellStarted
@@ -53,9 +50,10 @@ export type Event =
   | EventInstallationUpdated
   | EventInstallationUpdateAvailable
   | EventFileEdited
+  | EventReferenceUpdated
   | EventPermissionV2Asked
   | EventPermissionV2Replied
-  | EventReferenceUpdated
+  | EventPluginAdded
   | EventProjectDirectoriesUpdated
   | EventFileWatcherUpdated
   | EventPtyCreated
@@ -737,13 +735,6 @@ export type GlobalEvent = {
           [key: string]: unknown
         }
       }
-    | {
-        id: string
-        type: "plugin.added"
-        properties: {
-          id: string
-        }
-      }
     | {
         id: string
         type: "integration.updated"
@@ -872,25 +863,6 @@ export type GlobalEvent = {
           delivery: "steer" | "queue"
         }
       }
-    | {
-        id: string
-        type: "session.next.prompt.promoted"
-        properties: {
-          timestamp: number
-          sessionID: string
-          messageID: string
-          prompt: Prompt
-          timeCreated: number
-        }
-      }
-    | {
-        id: string
-        type: "session.next.interrupt.requested"
-        properties: {
-          timestamp: number
-          sessionID: string
-        }
-      }
     | {
         id: string
         type: "session.next.context.updated"
@@ -1264,6 +1236,13 @@ export type GlobalEvent = {
           file: string
         }
       }
+    | {
+        id: string
+        type: "reference.updated"
+        properties: {
+          [key: string]: unknown
+        }
+      }
     | {
         id: string
         type: "permission.v2.asked"
@@ -1290,9 +1269,9 @@ export type GlobalEvent = {
       }
     | {
         id: string
-        type: "reference.updated"
+        type: "plugin.added"
         properties: {
-          [key: string]: unknown
+          id: string
         }
       }
     | {
@@ -1637,8 +1616,6 @@ export type GlobalEvent = {
     | SyncEventSessionNextMoved
     | SyncEventSessionNextPrompted
     | SyncEventSessionNextPromptAdmitted
-    | SyncEventSessionNextPromptPromoted
-    | SyncEventSessionNextInterruptRequested
     | SyncEventSessionNextContextUpdated
     | SyncEventSessionNextSynthetic
     | SyncEventSessionNextShellStarted
@@ -2144,6 +2121,10 @@ export type Provider = {
   }
 }
 
+export type ExperimentalCapabilities = {
+  backgroundSubagents: boolean
+}
+
 export type ConsoleState = {
   consoleManagedProviders: Array<string>
   activeOrgName?: string
@@ -2760,6 +2741,92 @@ export type ProviderNotFoundError = {
   message: string
 }
 
+export type V2Event =
+  | V2EventModelsDevRefreshed
+  | V2EventIntegrationUpdated
+  | V2EventCatalogUpdated
+  | V2EventSessionCreated
+  | V2EventSessionUpdated
+  | V2EventSessionDeleted
+  | V2EventMessageUpdated
+  | V2EventMessageRemoved
+  | V2EventMessagePartUpdated
+  | V2EventMessagePartRemoved
+  | V2EventSessionNextAgentSwitched
+  | V2EventSessionNextModelSwitched
+  | V2EventSessionNextMoved
+  | V2EventSessionNextPrompted
+  | V2EventSessionNextPromptAdmitted
+  | V2EventSessionNextContextUpdated
+  | V2EventSessionNextSynthetic
+  | V2EventSessionNextShellStarted
+  | V2EventSessionNextShellEnded
+  | V2EventSessionNextStepStarted
+  | V2EventSessionNextStepEnded
+  | V2EventSessionNextStepFailed
+  | V2EventSessionNextTextStarted
+  | V2EventSessionNextTextDelta
+  | V2EventSessionNextTextEnded
+  | V2EventSessionNextReasoningStarted
+  | V2EventSessionNextReasoningDelta
+  | V2EventSessionNextReasoningEnded
+  | V2EventSessionNextToolInputStarted
+  | V2EventSessionNextToolInputDelta
+  | V2EventSessionNextToolInputEnded
+  | V2EventSessionNextToolCalled
+  | V2EventSessionNextToolProgress
+  | V2EventSessionNextToolSuccess
+  | V2EventSessionNextToolFailed
+  | V2EventSessionNextRetried
+  | V2EventSessionNextCompactionStarted
+  | V2EventSessionNextCompactionDelta
+  | V2EventSessionNextCompactionEnded
+  | V2EventMessagePartDelta
+  | V2EventSessionDiff
+  | V2EventSessionError
+  | V2EventInstallationUpdated
+  | V2EventInstallationUpdateAvailable
+  | V2EventFileEdited
+  | V2EventReferenceUpdated
+  | V2EventPermissionV2Asked
+  | V2EventPermissionV2Replied
+  | V2EventPluginAdded
+  | V2EventProjectDirectoriesUpdated
+  | V2EventFileWatcherUpdated
+  | V2EventPtyCreated
+  | V2EventPtyUpdated
+  | V2EventPtyExited
+  | V2EventPtyDeleted
+  | V2EventQuestionV2Asked
+  | V2EventQuestionV2Replied
+  | V2EventQuestionV2Rejected
+  | V2EventTodoUpdated
+  | V2EventLspUpdated
+  | V2EventPermissionAsked
+  | V2EventPermissionReplied
+  | V2EventTuiPromptAppend
+  | V2EventTuiCommandExecute
+  | V2EventTuiToastShow
+  | V2EventTuiSessionSelect
+  | V2EventMcpToolsChanged
+  | V2EventMcpBrowserOpenFailed
+  | V2EventCommandExecuted
+  | V2EventProjectUpdated
+  | V2EventSessionStatus
+  | V2EventSessionIdle
+  | V2EventQuestionAsked
+  | V2EventQuestionReplied
+  | V2EventQuestionRejected
+  | V2EventSessionCompacted
+  | V2EventVcsBranchUpdated
+  | V2EventWorkspaceReady
+  | V2EventWorkspaceFailed
+  | V2EventWorkspaceStatus
+  | V2EventWorktreeReady
+  | V2EventWorktreeFailed
+  | V2EventServerConnected
+  | V2EventGlobalDisposed
+
 export type ForbiddenError = {
   _tag: "ForbiddenError"
   message: string
@@ -3139,39 +3206,6 @@ export type SyncEventSessionNextPromptAdmitted = {
   }
 }
 
-export type SyncEventSessionNextPromptPromoted = {
-  type: "sync"
-  id: string
-  syncEvent: {
-    type: "session.next.prompt.promoted.1"
-    id: string
-    seq: number
-    aggregateID: string
-    data: {
-      timestamp: number
-      sessionID: string
-      messageID: string
-      prompt: Prompt
-      timeCreated: number
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-export type SyncEventSessionNextInterruptRequested = {
-  type: "sync"
-  id: string
-  syncEvent: {
-    type: "session.next.interrupt.requested.1"
-    id: string
-    seq: number
-    aggregateID: string
-    data: {
-      timestamp: number
-      sessionID: string
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 export type SyncEventSessionNextContextUpdated = {
   type: "sync"
   id: string
@@ -3571,7 +3605,7 @@ export type SyncEventSessionNextCompactionEnded = {
   type: "sync"
   id: string
   syncEvent: {
-    type: "session.next.compaction.ended.2"
+    type: "session.next.compaction.ended.1"
     id: string
     seq: number
     aggregateID: string
@@ -3999,7 +4033,7 @@ export type ModelV2Info = {
     }
   }>
   time: {
-    released: number | "NaN" | "Infinity" | "-Infinity" | "Infinity" | "-Infinity" | "NaN"
+    released: number
   }
   cost: Array<{
     tier?: {
@@ -4172,6 +4206,1721 @@ export type SkillV2Info = {
   content: string
 }
 
+export type V2EventModelsDevRefreshed = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "models-dev.refreshed"
+  data: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventIntegrationUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "integration.updated"
+  data: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventCatalogUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "catalog.updated"
+  data: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionCreated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.created"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    info: Session
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.updated"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    info: Session
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionDeleted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.deleted"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    info: Session
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventMessageUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "message.updated"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    info: Message
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventMessageRemoved = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "message.removed"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventMessagePartUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "message.part.updated"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    part: Part
+    time: number
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventMessagePartRemoved = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "message.part.removed"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    partID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextAgentSwitched = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.agent.switched"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    agent: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextModelSwitched = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.model.switched"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    model: {
+      id: string
+      providerID: string
+      variant?: string
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextMoved = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.moved"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    location: LocationRef
+    subdirectory?: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextPrompted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.prompted"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    prompt: Prompt
+    delivery: "steer" | "queue"
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextPromptAdmitted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.prompt.admitted"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    prompt: Prompt
+    delivery: "steer" | "queue"
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextContextUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.context.updated"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    text: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextSynthetic = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.synthetic"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    text: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextShellStarted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.shell.started"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    callID: string
+    command: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextShellEnded = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.shell.ended"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    callID: string
+    output: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextStepStarted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.step.started"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    agent: string
+    model: {
+      id: string
+      providerID: string
+      variant?: string
+    }
+    snapshot?: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextStepEnded = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.step.ended"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    finish: string
+    cost: number
+    tokens: {
+      input: number
+      output: number
+      reasoning: number
+      cache: {
+        read: number
+        write: number
+      }
+    }
+    snapshot?: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextStepFailed = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.step.failed"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    error: SessionErrorUnknown
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextTextStarted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.text.started"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    textID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextTextDelta = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.text.delta"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    textID: string
+    delta: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextTextEnded = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.text.ended"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    textID: string
+    text: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextReasoningStarted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.reasoning.started"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    reasoningID: string
+    providerMetadata?: {
+      [key: string]: {
+        [key: string]: unknown
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextReasoningDelta = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.reasoning.delta"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    reasoningID: string
+    delta: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextReasoningEnded = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.reasoning.ended"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    reasoningID: string
+    text: string
+    providerMetadata?: {
+      [key: string]: {
+        [key: string]: unknown
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextToolInputStarted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.tool.input.started"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    callID: string
+    name: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextToolInputDelta = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.tool.input.delta"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    callID: string
+    delta: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextToolInputEnded = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.tool.input.ended"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    callID: string
+    text: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextToolCalled = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.tool.called"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    callID: string
+    tool: string
+    input: {
+      [key: string]: unknown
+    }
+    provider: {
+      executed: boolean
+      metadata?: {
+        [key: string]: {
+          [key: string]: unknown
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextToolProgress = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.tool.progress"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    callID: string
+    structured: {
+      [key: string]: unknown
+    }
+    content: Array<ToolTextContent | ToolFileContent>
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextToolSuccess = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.tool.success"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    callID: string
+    structured: {
+      [key: string]: unknown
+    }
+    content: Array<ToolTextContent | ToolFileContent>
+    outputPaths?: Array<string>
+    result?: unknown
+    provider: {
+      executed: boolean
+      metadata?: {
+        [key: string]: {
+          [key: string]: unknown
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextToolFailed = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.tool.failed"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    assistantMessageID: string
+    callID: string
+    error: SessionErrorUnknown
+    result?: unknown
+    provider: {
+      executed: boolean
+      metadata?: {
+        [key: string]: {
+          [key: string]: unknown
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextRetried = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.retried"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    attempt: number
+    error: SessionNextRetryError
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextCompactionStarted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.compaction.started"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    reason: "auto" | "manual"
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextCompactionDelta = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.compaction.delta"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    text: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionNextCompactionEnded = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.next.compaction.ended"
+  data: {
+    timestamp: number
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    reason: "auto" | "manual"
+    text: string
+    recent: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventMessagePartDelta = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "message.part.delta"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    messageID: string
+    partID: string
+    field: string
+    delta: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionDiff = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.diff"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    diff: Array<SnapshotFileDiff>
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionError = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.error"
+  data: {
+    sessionID?: string
+    error?:
+      | ProviderAuthError
+      | UnknownError
+      | MessageOutputLengthError
+      | MessageAbortedError
+      | StructuredOutputError
+      | ContextOverflowError
+      | ContentFilterError
+      | ApiError
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventInstallationUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "installation.updated"
+  data: {
+    version: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventInstallationUpdateAvailable = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "installation.update-available"
+  data: {
+    version: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventFileEdited = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "file.edited"
+  data: {
+    file: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventReferenceUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "reference.updated"
+  data: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPermissionV2Asked = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "permission.v2.asked"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+    sessionID: string
+    action: string
+    resources: Array<string>
+    save?: Array<string>
+    metadata?: {
+      [key: string]: unknown
+    }
+    source?: PermissionV2Source
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPermissionV2Replied = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "permission.v2.replied"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    requestID: string
+    reply: PermissionV2Reply
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPluginAdded = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "plugin.added"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventProjectDirectoriesUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "project.directories.updated"
+  data: {
+    projectID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventFileWatcherUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "file.watcher.updated"
+  data: {
+    file: string
+    event: "add" | "change" | "unlink"
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPtyCreated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "pty.created"
+  data: {
+    info: Pty
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPtyUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "pty.updated"
+  data: {
+    info: Pty
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPtyExited = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "pty.exited"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+    exitCode: number
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPtyDeleted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "pty.deleted"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventQuestionV2Asked = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "question.v2.asked"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+    sessionID: string
+    /**
+     * Questions to ask
+     */
+    questions: Array<QuestionV2Info>
+    tool?: QuestionV2Tool
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventQuestionV2Replied = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "question.v2.replied"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    requestID: string
+    answers: Array<QuestionV2Answer>
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventQuestionV2Rejected = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "question.v2.rejected"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    requestID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventTodoUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "todo.updated"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    todos: Array<Todo>
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventLspUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "lsp.updated"
+  data: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPermissionAsked = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "permission.asked"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+    sessionID: string
+    permission: string
+    patterns: Array<string>
+    metadata: {
+      [key: string]: unknown
+    }
+    always: Array<string>
+    tool?: {
+      messageID: string
+      callID: string
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventPermissionReplied = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "permission.replied"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    requestID: string
+    reply: "once" | "always" | "reject"
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventTuiPromptAppend = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "tui.prompt.append"
+  data: {
+    text: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventTuiCommandExecute = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "tui.command.execute"
+  data: {
+    command:
+      | "session.list"
+      | "session.new"
+      | "session.share"
+      | "session.interrupt"
+      | "session.compact"
+      | "session.page.up"
+      | "session.page.down"
+      | "session.line.up"
+      | "session.line.down"
+      | "session.half.page.up"
+      | "session.half.page.down"
+      | "session.first"
+      | "session.last"
+      | "prompt.clear"
+      | "prompt.submit"
+      | "agent.cycle"
+      | string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventTuiToastShow = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "tui.toast.show"
+  data: {
+    title?: string
+    message: string
+    variant: "info" | "success" | "warning" | "error"
+    duration?: number
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventTuiSessionSelect = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "tui.session.select"
+  data: {
+    /**
+     * Session ID to navigate to
+     */
+    sessionID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventMcpToolsChanged = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "mcp.tools.changed"
+  data: {
+    server: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventMcpBrowserOpenFailed = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "mcp.browser.open.failed"
+  data: {
+    mcpName: string
+    url: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventCommandExecuted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "command.executed"
+  data: {
+    name: string
+    sessionID: string
+    arguments: string
+    messageID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventProjectUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "project.updated"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+    worktree: string
+    vcs?: "git"
+    name?: string
+    icon?: {
+      url?: string
+      override?: string
+      color?: string
+    }
+    commands?: {
+      /**
+       * Startup script to run when creating a new workspace (worktree)
+       */
+      start?: string
+    }
+    time: {
+      created: number
+      updated: number
+      initialized?: number
+    }
+    sandboxes: Array<string>
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionStatus = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.status"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    status: SessionStatus
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionIdle = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.idle"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventQuestionAsked = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "question.asked"
+  data: {
+    id: string
+    sessionID: string
+    /**
+     * Questions to ask
+     */
+    questions: Array<QuestionInfo>
+    tool?: QuestionTool
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventQuestionReplied = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "question.replied"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    requestID: string
+    answers: Array<QuestionAnswer>
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventQuestionRejected = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "question.rejected"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+    requestID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventSessionCompacted = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "session.compacted"
+  data: {
+    sessionID: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventVcsBranchUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "vcs.branch.updated"
+  data: {
+    branch?: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventWorkspaceReady = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "workspace.ready"
+  data: {
+    name: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventWorkspaceFailed = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "workspace.failed"
+  data: {
+    message: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventWorkspaceStatus = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "workspace.status"
+  data: {
+    workspaceID: string
+    status: "connected" | "connecting" | "disconnected" | "error"
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventWorktreeReady = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "worktree.ready"
+  data: {
+    name: string
+    branch?: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventWorktreeFailed = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "worktree.failed"
+  data: {
+    message: string
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventServerConnected = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "server.connected"
+  data: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
+export type V2EventGlobalDisposed = {
+  id: string
+  metadata?: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+  durable?: {
+    aggregateID: string
+    seq: number
+    version: number
+  }
+  location?: LocationRef
+  type: "global.disposed"
+  data: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
 export type QuestionV2Request = {
   id: string
   sessionID: string
@@ -4224,14 +5973,6 @@ export type EventModelsDevRefreshed = {
   }
 }
 
-export type EventPluginAdded = {
-  id: string
-  type: "plugin.added"
-  properties: {
-    id: string
-  }
-}
-
 export type EventIntegrationUpdated = {
   id: string
   type: "integration.updated"
@@ -4374,27 +6115,6 @@ export type EventSessionNextPromptAdmitted = {
   }
 }
 
-export type EventSessionNextPromptPromoted = {
-  id: string
-  type: "session.next.prompt.promoted"
-  properties: {
-    timestamp: number
-    sessionID: string
-    messageID: string
-    prompt: Prompt
-    timeCreated: number
-  }
-}
-
-export type EventSessionNextInterruptRequested = {
-  id: string
-  type: "session.next.interrupt.requested"
-  properties: {
-    timestamp: number
-    sessionID: string
-  }
-}
-
 export type EventSessionNextContextUpdated = {
   id: string
   type: "session.next.context.updated"
@@ -4798,6 +6518,14 @@ export type EventFileEdited = {
   }
 }
 
+export type EventReferenceUpdated = {
+  id: string
+  type: "reference.updated"
+  properties: {
+    [key: string]: unknown
+  }
+}
+
 export type EventPermissionV2Asked = {
   id: string
   type: "permission.v2.asked"
@@ -4824,11 +6552,11 @@ export type EventPermissionV2Replied = {
   }
 }
 
-export type EventReferenceUpdated = {
+export type EventPluginAdded = {
   id: string
-  type: "reference.updated"
+  type: "plugin.added"
   properties: {
-    [key: string]: unknown
+    id: string
   }
 }
 
@@ -5549,6 +7277,36 @@ export type ConfigProvidersResponses = {
 
 export type ConfigProvidersResponse = ConfigProvidersResponses[keyof ConfigProvidersResponses]
 
+export type ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetData = {
+  body?: never
+  path?: never
+  query?: {
+    directory?: string
+    workspace?: string
+  }
+  url: "/experimental/capabilities"
+}
+
+export type ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetErrors = {
+  /**
+   * Bad request
+   */
+  400: BadRequestError
+}
+
+export type ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetError =
+  ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetErrors[keyof ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetErrors]
+
+export type ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetResponses = {
+  /**
+   * Experimental capabilities
+   */
+  200: ExperimentalCapabilities
+}
+
+export type ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetResponse =
+  ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetResponses[keyof ExperimentalCapabilitiesGetResponses]
+
 export type ExperimentalConsoleGetData = {
   body?: never
   path?: never
@@ -9487,6 +11245,84 @@ export type V2SessionGetResponses = {
 
 export type V2SessionGetResponse = V2SessionGetResponses[keyof V2SessionGetResponses]
 
+export type V2SessionSwitchAgentData = {
+  body: {
+    agent: string
+  }
+  path: {
+    sessionID: string
+  }
+  query?: never
+  url: "/api/session/{sessionID}/agent"
+}
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchAgentErrors = {
+  /**
+   * InvalidRequestError
+   */
+  400: InvalidRequestError
+  /**
+   * UnauthorizedError
+   */
+  401: UnauthorizedError
+  /**
+   * SessionNotFoundError
+   */
+  404: SessionNotFoundError
+}
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchAgentError = V2SessionSwitchAgentErrors[keyof V2SessionSwitchAgentErrors]
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchAgentResponses = {
+  /**
+   * <No Content>
+   */
+  204: void
+}
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchAgentResponse = V2SessionSwitchAgentResponses[keyof V2SessionSwitchAgentResponses]
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchModelData = {
+  body: {
+    model: {
+      id: string
+      providerID: string
+      variant?: string
+    }
+  }
+  path: {
+    sessionID: string
+  }
+  query?: never
+  url: "/api/session/{sessionID}/model"
+}
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchModelErrors = {
+  /**
+   * InvalidRequestError
+   */
+  400: InvalidRequestError
+  /**
+   * UnauthorizedError
+   */
+  401: UnauthorizedError
+  /**
+   * SessionNotFoundError
+   */
+  404: SessionNotFoundError
+}
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchModelError = V2SessionSwitchModelErrors[keyof V2SessionSwitchModelErrors]
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchModelResponses = {
+  /**
+   * <No Content>
+   */
+  204: void
+}
+
+export type V2SessionSwitchModelResponse = V2SessionSwitchModelResponses[keyof V2SessionSwitchModelResponses]
+
 export type V2SessionPromptData = {
   body: {
     id?: string
@@ -10575,12 +12411,7 @@ export type V2SkillListResponse = V2SkillListResponses[keyof V2SkillListResponse
 export type V2EventSubscribeData = {
   body?: never
   path?: never
-  query?: {
-    location?: {
-      directory?: string
-      workspace?: string
-    }
-  }
+  query?: never
   url: "/api/event"
 }
 
@@ -10599,9 +12430,9 @@ export type V2EventSubscribeError = V2EventSubscribeErrors[keyof V2EventSubscrib
 
 export type V2EventSubscribeResponses = {
   /**
-   * Success
+   * Event stream
    */
-  200: string
+  200: V2Event
 }
 
 export type V2EventSubscribeResponse = V2EventSubscribeResponses[keyof V2EventSubscribeResponses]
diff --git a/packages/sdk/openapi.json b/packages/sdk/openapi.json
index 48350fe13df..932cb8a4954 100644
--- a/packages/sdk/openapi.json
+++ b/packages/sdk/openapi.json
@@ -810,6 +810,60 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    "/experimental/capabilities": {
+      "get": {
+        "tags": ["experimental"],
+        "operationId": "experimental.capabilities.get",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "name": "directory",
+            "in": "query",
+            "schema": {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "required": false
+          },
+          {
+            "name": "workspace",
+            "in": "query",
+            "schema": {
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "required": false
+          }
+        ],
+        "responses": {
+          "200": {
+            "description": "Experimental capabilities",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ExperimentalCapabilities"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "description": "Bad request",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/BadRequestError"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Get experimental features enabled on the OpenCode server.",
+        "summary": "Get experimental capabilities",
+        "x-codeSamples": [
+          {
+            "lang": "js",
+            "source": "import { createOpencodeClient } from \"@opencode-ai/sdk\n\nconst client = createOpencodeClient()\nawait client.experimental.capabilities.get({\n  ...\n})"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     "/experimental/console": {
       "get": {
         "tags": ["experimental"],
@@ -10271,6 +10325,189 @@
         ]
       }
     },
+    "/api/session/{sessionID}/agent": {
+      "post": {
+        "tags": ["sessions"],
+        "operationId": "v2.session.switchAgent",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "name": "sessionID",
+            "in": "path",
+            "schema": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^ses"
+            },
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "security": [],
+        "responses": {
+          "204": {
+            "description": "<No Content>"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "description": "InvalidRequestError",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/InvalidRequestError"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "401": {
+            "description": "UnauthorizedError",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/UnauthorizedError"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "description": "SessionNotFoundError",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "anyOf": [
+                    {
+                      "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SessionNotFoundError"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SessionNotFoundError"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Switch the agent used by subsequent provider turns.",
+        "summary": "Switch session agent",
+        "requestBody": {
+          "content": {
+            "application/json": {
+              "schema": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "agent": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": ["agent"],
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "required": true
+        },
+        "x-codeSamples": [
+          {
+            "lang": "js",
+            "source": "import { createOpencodeClient } from \"@opencode-ai/sdk\n\nconst client = createOpencodeClient()\nawait client.v2.session.switchAgent({\n  ...\n})"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    "/api/session/{sessionID}/model": {
+      "post": {
+        "tags": ["sessions"],
+        "operationId": "v2.session.switchModel",
+        "parameters": [
+          {
+            "name": "sessionID",
+            "in": "path",
+            "schema": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^ses"
+            },
+            "required": true
+          }
+        ],
+        "security": [],
+        "responses": {
+          "204": {
+            "description": "<No Content>"
+          },
+          "400": {
+            "description": "InvalidRequestError",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/InvalidRequestError"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "401": {
+            "description": "UnauthorizedError",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/UnauthorizedError"
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "404": {
+            "description": "SessionNotFoundError",
+            "content": {
+              "application/json": {
+                "schema": {
+                  "anyOf": [
+                    {
+                      "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SessionNotFoundError"
+                    },
+                    {
+                      "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SessionNotFoundError"
+                    }
+                  ]
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        "description": "Switch the model used by subsequent provider turns.",
+        "summary": "Switch session model",
+        "requestBody": {
+          "content": {
+            "application/json": {
+              "schema": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "model": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {
+                      "id": {
+                        "type": "string"
+                      },
+                      "providerID": {
+                        "type": "string"
+                      },
+                      "variant": {
+                        "type": "string"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "required": ["id", "providerID"],
+                    "additionalProperties": false
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": ["model"],
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "required": true
+        },
+        "x-codeSamples": [
+          {
+            "lang": "js",
+            "source": "import { createOpencodeClient } from \"@opencode-ai/sdk\n\nconst client = createOpencodeClient()\nawait client.v2.session.switchModel({\n  ...\n})"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
     "/api/session/{sessionID}/prompt": {
       "post": {
         "tags": ["sessions"],
@@ -12901,35 +13138,15 @@
       "get": {
         "tags": ["events"],
         "operationId": "v2.event.subscribe",
-        "parameters": [
-          {
-            "name": "location",
-            "in": "query",
-            "schema": {
-              "type": "object",
-              "properties": {
-                "directory": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                },
-                "workspace": {
-                  "type": "string"
-                }
-              },
-              "additionalProperties": false
-            },
-            "required": false,
-            "style": "deepObject",
-            "explode": true
-          }
-        ],
+        "parameters": [],
         "security": [],
         "responses": {
           "200": {
-            "description": "Success",
+            "description": "Event stream",
             "content": {
               "text/event-stream": {
                 "schema": {
-                  "type": "string"
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2Event"
                 }
               }
             }
@@ -12955,7 +13172,7 @@
             }
           }
         },
-        "description": "Subscribe to native event payloads for a location.",
+        "description": "Subscribe to native event payloads for the server.",
         "summary": "Subscribe to events",
         "x-codeSamples": [
           {
@@ -14427,9 +14644,6 @@
           {
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventModels-devRefreshed"
           },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventPluginAdded"
-          },
           {
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventIntegrationUpdated"
           },
@@ -14472,12 +14686,6 @@
           {
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventSessionNextPromptAdmitted"
           },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventSessionNextPromptPromoted"
-          },
-          {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventSessionNextInterruptRequested"
-          },
           {
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventSessionNextContextUpdated"
           },
@@ -14568,6 +14776,9 @@
           {
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventFileEdited"
           },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventReferenceUpdated"
+          },
           {
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventPermissionV2Asked"
           },
@@ -14575,7 +14786,7 @@
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventPermissionV2Replied"
           },
           {
-            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventReferenceUpdated"
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventPluginAdded"
           },
           {
             "$ref": "#/components/schemas/EventProjectDirectoriesUpdated"
@@ -16591,31 +16802,6 @@
                 "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
                 "additionalProperties": false
               },
-              {
-                "type": "object",
-                "properties": {
-                  "id": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "pattern": "^evt_"
-                  },
-                  "type": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["plugin.added"]
-                  },
-                  "properties": {
-                    "type": "object",
-                    "properties": {
-                      "id": {
-                        "type": "string"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "required": ["id"],
-                    "additionalProperties": false
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
-                "additionalProperties": false
-              },
               {
                 "type": "object",
                 "properties": {
@@ -17066,74 +17252,6 @@
                 "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
                 "additionalProperties": false
               },
-              {
-                "type": "object",
-                "properties": {
-                  "id": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "pattern": "^evt_"
-                  },
-                  "type": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["session.next.prompt.promoted"]
-                  },
-                  "properties": {
-                    "type": "object",
-                    "properties": {
-                      "timestamp": {
-                        "type": "number"
-                      },
-                      "sessionID": {
-                        "type": "string",
-                        "pattern": "^ses"
-                      },
-                      "messageID": {
-                        "type": "string",
-                        "pattern": "^msg_"
-                      },
-                      "prompt": {
-                        "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Prompt"
-                      },
-                      "timeCreated": {
-                        "type": "number"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "prompt", "timeCreated"],
-                    "additionalProperties": false
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
-                "additionalProperties": false
-              },
-              {
-                "type": "object",
-                "properties": {
-                  "id": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "pattern": "^evt_"
-                  },
-                  "type": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["session.next.interrupt.requested"]
-                  },
-                  "properties": {
-                    "type": "object",
-                    "properties": {
-                      "timestamp": {
-                        "type": "number"
-                      },
-                      "sessionID": {
-                        "type": "string",
-                        "pattern": "^ses"
-                      }
-                    },
-                    "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID"],
-                    "additionalProperties": false
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
-                "additionalProperties": false
-              },
               {
                 "type": "object",
                 "properties": {
@@ -18399,6 +18517,25 @@
                 "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
                 "additionalProperties": false
               },
+              {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "pattern": "^evt_"
+                  },
+                  "type": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "enum": ["reference.updated"]
+                  },
+                  "properties": {
+                    "type": "object",
+                    "properties": {}
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              },
               {
                 "type": "object",
                 "properties": {
@@ -18492,11 +18629,17 @@
                   },
                   "type": {
                     "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["reference.updated"]
+                    "enum": ["plugin.added"]
                   },
                   "properties": {
                     "type": "object",
-                    "properties": {}
+                    "properties": {
+                      "id": {
+                        "type": "string"
+                      }
+                    },
+                    "required": ["id"],
+                    "additionalProperties": false
                   }
                 },
                 "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
@@ -19647,12 +19790,6 @@
               {
                 "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SyncEventSessionNextPromptAdmitted"
               },
-              {
-                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SyncEventSessionNextPromptPromoted"
-              },
-              {
-                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SyncEventSessionNextInterruptRequested"
-              },
               {
                 "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SyncEventSessionNextContextUpdated"
               },
@@ -21024,6 +21161,16 @@
         "required": ["id", "name", "source", "env", "options", "models"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
+      "ExperimentalCapabilities": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "backgroundSubagents": {
+            "type": "boolean"
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["backgroundSubagents"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
       "ConsoleState": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -22834,6 +22981,265 @@
         "required": ["_tag", "providerID", "message"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
+      "V2Event": {
+        "anyOf": [
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventModels-devRefreshed"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventIntegrationUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventCatalogUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionCreated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionDeleted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventMessageUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventMessageRemoved"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventMessagePartUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventMessagePartRemoved"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextAgentSwitched"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextModelSwitched"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextMoved"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextPrompted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextPromptAdmitted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextContextUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextSynthetic"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextShellStarted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextShellEnded"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextStepStarted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextStepEnded"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextStepFailed"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextTextStarted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextTextDelta"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextTextEnded"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextReasoningStarted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextReasoningDelta"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextReasoningEnded"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextToolInputStarted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextToolInputDelta"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextToolInputEnded"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextToolCalled"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextToolProgress"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextToolSuccess"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextToolFailed"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextRetried"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextCompactionStarted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextCompactionDelta"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionNextCompactionEnded"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventMessagePartDelta"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionDiff"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionError"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventInstallationUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventInstallationUpdate-available"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventFileEdited"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventReferenceUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPermissionV2Asked"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPermissionV2Replied"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPluginAdded"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventProjectDirectoriesUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventFileWatcherUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPtyCreated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPtyUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPtyExited"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPtyDeleted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventQuestionV2Asked"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventQuestionV2Replied"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventQuestionV2Rejected"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventTodoUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventLspUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPermissionAsked"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventPermissionReplied"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventTuiPromptAppend"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventTuiCommandExecute"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventTuiToastShow"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventTuiSessionSelect"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventMcpToolsChanged"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventMcpBrowserOpenFailed"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventCommandExecuted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventProjectUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionStatus"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionIdle"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventQuestionAsked"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventQuestionReplied"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventQuestionRejected"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventSessionCompacted"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventVcsBranchUpdated"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventWorkspaceReady"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventWorkspaceFailed"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventWorkspaceStatus"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventWorktreeReady"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventWorktreeFailed"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventServerConnected"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventGlobalDisposed"
+          },
+          {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/V2EventServerConnected"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
       "ForbiddenError": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -23946,116 +24352,6 @@
         "required": ["type", "id", "syncEvent"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
-      "SyncEventSessionNextPromptPromoted": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["sync"]
-          },
-          "id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "pattern": "^evt_"
-          },
-          "syncEvent": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "type": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "enum": ["session.next.prompt.promoted.1"]
-              },
-              "id": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^evt_"
-              },
-              "seq": {
-                "type": "number"
-              },
-              "aggregateID": {
-                "type": "string"
-              },
-              "data": {
-                "type": "object",
-                "properties": {
-                  "timestamp": {
-                    "type": "number"
-                  },
-                  "sessionID": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "pattern": "^ses"
-                  },
-                  "messageID": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "pattern": "^msg_"
-                  },
-                  "prompt": {
-                    "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Prompt"
-                  },
-                  "timeCreated": {
-                    "type": "number"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "prompt", "timeCreated"],
-                "additionalProperties": false
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["type", "id", "seq", "aggregateID", "data"],
-            "additionalProperties": false
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["type", "id", "syncEvent"],
-        "additionalProperties": false
-      },
-      "SyncEventSessionNextInterruptRequested": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["sync"]
-          },
-          "id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "pattern": "^evt_"
-          },
-          "syncEvent": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "type": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "enum": ["session.next.interrupt.requested.1"]
-              },
-              "id": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^evt_"
-              },
-              "seq": {
-                "type": "number"
-              },
-              "aggregateID": {
-                "type": "string"
-              },
-              "data": {
-                "type": "object",
-                "properties": {
-                  "timestamp": {
-                    "type": "number"
-                  },
-                  "sessionID": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "pattern": "^ses"
-                  }
-                },
-                "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID"],
-                "additionalProperties": false
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["type", "id", "seq", "aggregateID", "data"],
-            "additionalProperties": false
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["type", "id", "syncEvent"],
-        "additionalProperties": false
-      },
       "SyncEventSessionNextContextUpdated": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -25340,7 +25636,7 @@
             "properties": {
               "type": {
                 "type": "string",
-                "enum": ["session.next.compaction.ended.2"]
+                "enum": ["session.next.compaction.ended.1"]
               },
               "id": {
                 "type": "string",
@@ -26836,27 +27132,7 @@
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {
               "released": {
-                "anyOf": [
-                  {
-                    "type": "number"
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["NaN"]
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["Infinity"]
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["-Infinity"]
-                  },
-                  {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": ["Infinity", "-Infinity", "NaN"]
-                  }
-                ]
+                "type": "number"
               }
             },
             "required": ["released"],
@@ -27439,6 +27715,4814 @@
         "required": ["name", "location", "content"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
+      "V2EventModels-devRefreshed": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["models-dev.refreshed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventIntegrationUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["integration.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventCatalogUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["catalog.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionCreated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.created"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "info": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Session"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "info"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "info": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Session"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "info"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionDeleted": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.deleted"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "info": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Session"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "info"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventMessageUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["message.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "info": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Message"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "info"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventMessageRemoved": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["message.removed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "messageID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventMessagePartUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["message.part.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "part": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Part"
+              },
+              "time": {
+                "type": "number"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "part", "time"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventMessagePartRemoved": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["message.part.removed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg"
+              },
+              "partID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^prt"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "messageID", "partID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionNextAgentSwitched": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.next.agent.switched"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "timestamp": {
+                "type": "number"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg_"
+              },
+              "agent": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "agent"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionNextModelSwitched": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.next.model.switched"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "timestamp": {
+                "type": "number"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg_"
+              },
+              "model": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "id": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "providerID": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "variant": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": ["id", "providerID"],
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "model"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionNextMoved": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.next.moved"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "timestamp": {
+                "type": "number"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "location": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+              },
+              "subdirectory": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "location"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionNextPrompted": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.next.prompted"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "timestamp": {
+                "type": "number"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg_"
+              },
+              "prompt": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Prompt"
+              },
+              "delivery": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["steer", "queue"]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "prompt", "delivery"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionNextPromptAdmitted": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.next.prompt.admitted"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "timestamp": {
+                "type": "number"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg_"
+              },
+              "prompt": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Prompt"
+              },
+              "delivery": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["steer", "queue"]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "prompt", "delivery"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionNextContextUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.next.context.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "timestamp": {
+                "type": "number"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg_"
+              },
+              "text": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "text"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
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+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
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+      "V2EventSessionNextToolCalled": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
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+          "metadata": {
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+            "enum": ["file.edited"]
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+      },
+      "V2EventReferenceUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["reference.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPermissionV2Asked": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["permission.v2.asked"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^per"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "action": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "resources": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "save": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "metadata": {
+                "type": "object"
+              },
+              "source": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/PermissionV2Source"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id", "sessionID", "action", "resources"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPermissionV2Replied": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["permission.v2.replied"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "requestID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^per"
+              },
+              "reply": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/PermissionV2Reply"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID", "reply"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPluginAdded": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["plugin.added"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventProjectDirectoriesUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["project.directories.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "projectID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["projectID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventFileWatcherUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["file.watcher.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "file": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "event": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["add", "change", "unlink"]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["file", "event"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPtyCreated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["pty.created"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "info": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Pty"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["info"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPtyUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["pty.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "info": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Pty"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["info"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPtyExited": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["pty.exited"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^pty"
+              },
+              "exitCode": {
+                "type": "integer",
+                "minimum": 0
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id", "exitCode"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPtyDeleted": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["pty.deleted"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^pty"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventQuestionV2Asked": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["question.v2.asked"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^que"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "questions": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/QuestionV2Info"
+                },
+                "description": "Questions to ask"
+              },
+              "tool": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/QuestionV2Tool"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id", "sessionID", "questions"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventQuestionV2Replied": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["question.v2.replied"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "requestID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^que"
+              },
+              "answers": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/QuestionV2Answer"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID", "answers"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventQuestionV2Rejected": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["question.v2.rejected"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "requestID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^que"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventTodoUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["todo.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "todos": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Todo"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "todos"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventLspUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["lsp.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPermissionAsked": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["permission.asked"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^per"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "permission": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "patterns": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "metadata": {
+                "type": "object"
+              },
+              "always": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "tool": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "messageID": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "callID": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": ["messageID", "callID"],
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id", "sessionID", "permission", "patterns", "metadata", "always"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventPermissionReplied": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["permission.replied"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "requestID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^per"
+              },
+              "reply": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["once", "always", "reject"]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID", "reply"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventTuiPromptAppend": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["tui.prompt.append"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "text": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["text"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventTuiCommandExecute": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["tui.command.execute"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "command": {
+                "anyOf": [
+                  {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "enum": [
+                      "session.list",
+                      "session.new",
+                      "session.share",
+                      "session.interrupt",
+                      "session.compact",
+                      "session.page.up",
+                      "session.page.down",
+                      "session.line.up",
+                      "session.line.down",
+                      "session.half.page.up",
+                      "session.half.page.down",
+                      "session.first",
+                      "session.last",
+                      "prompt.clear",
+                      "prompt.submit",
+                      "agent.cycle"
+                    ]
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                ]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["command"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventTuiToastShow": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["tui.toast.show"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "title": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "message": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "variant": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["info", "success", "warning", "error"]
+              },
+              "duration": {
+                "type": "integer",
+                "exclusiveMinimum": 0
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["message", "variant"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventTuiSessionSelect": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["tui.session.select"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses",
+                "description": "Session ID to navigate to"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventMcpToolsChanged": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["mcp.tools.changed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "server": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["server"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventMcpBrowserOpenFailed": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["mcp.browser.open.failed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "mcpName": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "url": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["mcpName", "url"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventCommandExecuted": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["command.executed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "name": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "arguments": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "messageID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^msg"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["name", "sessionID", "arguments", "messageID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventProjectUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["project.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "worktree": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "vcs": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["git"]
+              },
+              "name": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "icon": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "url": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "override": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  "color": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              },
+              "commands": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "start": {
+                    "type": "string",
+                    "description": "Startup script to run when creating a new workspace (worktree)"
+                  }
+                },
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              },
+              "time": {
+                "type": "object",
+                "properties": {
+                  "created": {
+                    "type": "integer",
+                    "minimum": 0
+                  },
+                  "updated": {
+                    "type": "integer",
+                    "minimum": 0
+                  },
+                  "initialized": {
+                    "type": "integer",
+                    "minimum": 0
+                  }
+                },
+                "required": ["created", "updated"],
+                "additionalProperties": false
+              },
+              "sandboxes": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id", "worktree", "time", "sandboxes"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionStatus": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.status"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "status": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/SessionStatus"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "status"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionIdle": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.idle"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventQuestionAsked": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["question.asked"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^que"
+              },
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "questions": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/QuestionInfo"
+                },
+                "description": "Questions to ask"
+              },
+              "tool": {
+                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/QuestionTool"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id", "sessionID", "questions"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventQuestionReplied": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["question.replied"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "requestID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^que"
+              },
+              "answers": {
+                "type": "array",
+                "items": {
+                  "$ref": "#/components/schemas/QuestionAnswer"
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID", "answers"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventQuestionRejected": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["question.rejected"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              },
+              "requestID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^que"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID", "requestID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventSessionCompacted": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["session.compacted"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "sessionID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^ses"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["sessionID"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventVcsBranchUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["vcs.branch.updated"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "branch": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventWorkspaceReady": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["workspace.ready"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "name": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["name"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventWorkspaceFailed": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["workspace.failed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "message": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["message"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventWorkspaceStatus": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["workspace.status"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "workspaceID": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "pattern": "^wrk"
+              },
+              "status": {
+                "type": "string",
+                "enum": ["connected", "connecting", "disconnected", "error"]
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["workspaceID", "status"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventWorktreeReady": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["worktree.ready"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "name": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "branch": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["name"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventWorktreeFailed": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["worktree.failed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "message": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["message"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventServerConnected": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["server.connected"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
+      "V2EventGlobalDisposed": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "metadata": {
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "durable": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {
+              "aggregateID": {
+                "type": "string"
+              },
+              "seq": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              },
+              "version": {
+                "type": "integer"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["aggregateID", "seq", "version"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
+          },
+          "location": {
+            "$ref": "#/components/schemas/LocationRef"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["global.disposed"]
+          },
+          "data": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "data"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
       "QuestionV2Request": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -27579,31 +32663,6 @@
         "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
-      "EventPluginAdded": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "pattern": "^evt_"
-          },
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["plugin.added"]
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "id": {
-                "type": "string"
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["id"],
-            "additionalProperties": false
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
-        "additionalProperties": false
-      },
       "EventIntegrationUpdated": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -28054,74 +33113,6 @@
         "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
-      "EventSessionNextPromptPromoted": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "pattern": "^evt_"
-          },
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["session.next.prompt.promoted"]
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "timestamp": {
-                "type": "number"
-              },
-              "sessionID": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^ses"
-              },
-              "messageID": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^msg_"
-              },
-              "prompt": {
-                "$ref": "#/components/schemas/Prompt"
-              },
-              "timeCreated": {
-                "type": "number"
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID", "messageID", "prompt", "timeCreated"],
-            "additionalProperties": false
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
-        "additionalProperties": false
-      },
-      "EventSessionNextInterruptRequested": {
-        "type": "object",
-        "properties": {
-          "id": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "pattern": "^evt_"
-          },
-          "type": {
-            "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["session.next.interrupt.requested"]
-          },
-          "properties": {
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-              "timestamp": {
-                "type": "number"
-              },
-              "sessionID": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "pattern": "^ses"
-              }
-            },
-            "required": ["timestamp", "sessionID"],
-            "additionalProperties": false
-          }
-        },
-        "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
-        "additionalProperties": false
-      },
       "EventSessionNextContextUpdated": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -29379,6 +34370,25 @@
         "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
+      "EventReferenceUpdated": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "pattern": "^evt_"
+          },
+          "type": {
+            "type": "string",
+            "enum": ["reference.updated"]
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "type": "object",
+            "properties": {}
+          }
+        },
+        "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
+        "additionalProperties": false
+      },
       "EventPermissionV2Asked": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
@@ -29463,7 +34473,7 @@
         "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
         "additionalProperties": false
       },
-      "EventReferenceUpdated": {
+      "EventPluginAdded": {
         "type": "object",
         "properties": {
           "id": {
@@ -29472,11 +34482,17 @@
           },
           "type": {
             "type": "string",
-            "enum": ["reference.updated"]
+            "enum": ["plugin.added"]
           },
           "properties": {
             "type": "object",
-            "properties": {}
+            "properties": {
+              "id": {
+                "type": "string"
+              }
+            },
+            "required": ["id"],
+            "additionalProperties": false
           }
         },
         "required": ["id", "type", "properties"],
diff --git a/packages/server/package.json b/packages/server/package.json
index 9bc7f446777..18cd2ab1f2a 100644
--- a/packages/server/package.json
+++ b/packages/server/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/server",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/server/src/groups/event.ts b/packages/server/src/groups/event.ts
index 83ccdf98f73..fffa0250d2e 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/groups/event.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/groups/event.ts
@@ -1,34 +1,42 @@
 import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
 import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { Schema } from "effect"
-import { HttpApiEndpoint, HttpApiGroup, HttpApiSchema, OpenApi } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
-import { LocationQuery, locationQueryOpenApi, LocationMiddleware } from "./location"
+import { HttpApiEndpoint, HttpApiGroup, OpenApi } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
 
-const Event = Schema.Struct({
+const fields = {
   id: EventV2.ID,
-  type: Schema.String,
-  location: Location.Info.pipe(Schema.optional),
-  metadata: Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown).pipe(Schema.optional),
-  version: Schema.Number.pipe(Schema.optional),
-  data: Schema.Unknown,
-})
+  metadata: Schema.optional(Schema.Record(Schema.String, Schema.Unknown)),
+  durable: Schema.optional(Schema.Struct({ aggregateID: Schema.String, seq: Schema.Int, version: Schema.Int })),
+  location: Schema.optional(Location.Ref),
+}
+
+const Event = Schema.Union([
+  ...EventV2.definitions().map((definition) =>
+    Schema.Struct({
+      ...fields,
+      type: Schema.Literal(definition.type),
+      data: definition.data as Schema.Struct<{}>,
+    }).annotate({ identifier: `V2Event.${definition.type}` }),
+  ),
+  Schema.Struct({
+    ...fields,
+    type: Schema.Literal("server.connected"),
+    data: Schema.Struct({}),
+  }).annotate({ identifier: "V2Event.server.connected" }),
+]).annotate({ identifier: "V2Event" })
 
 export const EventGroup = HttpApiGroup.make("server.event")
   .add(
     HttpApiEndpoint.get("event.subscribe", "/api/event", {
-      query: LocationQuery,
-      success: Schema.String.pipe(HttpApiSchema.asText({ contentType: "text/event-stream" })),
-    })
-      .annotateMerge(locationQueryOpenApi)
-      .annotateMerge(
-        OpenApi.annotations({
-          identifier: "v2.event.subscribe",
-          summary: "Subscribe to events",
-          description: "Subscribe to native event payloads for a location.",
-        }),
-      ),
+      success: Event,
+    }).annotateMerge(
+      OpenApi.annotations({
+        identifier: "v2.event.subscribe",
+        summary: "Subscribe to events",
+        description: "Subscribe to native event payloads for the server.",
+      }),
+    ),
   )
   .annotateMerge(OpenApi.annotations({ title: "events", description: "Experimental event stream route." }))
-  .middleware(LocationMiddleware)
 
 export type Event = typeof Event.Type
diff --git a/packages/server/src/groups/session.ts b/packages/server/src/groups/session.ts
index a208de82f03..6a4f4aff609 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/groups/session.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/groups/session.ts
@@ -140,6 +140,38 @@ export const SessionGroup = HttpApiGroup.make("server.session")
         }),
       ),
   )
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.post("session.switchAgent", "/api/session/:sessionID/agent", {
+      params: { sessionID: SessionV2.ID },
+      payload: Schema.Struct({ agent: AgentV2.ID }),
+      success: HttpApiSchema.NoContent,
+      error: SessionNotFoundError,
+    })
+      .middleware(SessionLocationMiddleware)
+      .annotateMerge(
+        OpenApi.annotations({
+          identifier: "v2.session.switchAgent",
+          summary: "Switch session agent",
+          description: "Switch the agent used by subsequent provider turns.",
+        }),
+      ),
+  )
+  .add(
+    HttpApiEndpoint.post("session.switchModel", "/api/session/:sessionID/model", {
+      params: { sessionID: SessionV2.ID },
+      payload: Schema.Struct({ model: ModelV2.Ref }),
+      success: HttpApiSchema.NoContent,
+      error: SessionNotFoundError,
+    })
+      .middleware(SessionLocationMiddleware)
+      .annotateMerge(
+        OpenApi.annotations({
+          identifier: "v2.session.switchModel",
+          summary: "Switch session model",
+          description: "Switch the model used by subsequent provider turns.",
+        }),
+      ),
+  )
   .add(
     HttpApiEndpoint.post("session.prompt", "/api/session/:sessionID/prompt", {
       params: { sessionID: SessionV2.ID },
diff --git a/packages/server/src/handlers/agent.ts b/packages/server/src/handlers/agent.ts
index cbde76dbce3..3be2c9d5ea9 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/handlers/agent.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/handlers/agent.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { AgentV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/agent"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { HttpApiBuilder } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
 import { Api } from "../api"
@@ -8,7 +7,6 @@ import { response } from "../groups/location"
 export const AgentHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.agent", (handlers) =>
   handlers.handle("agent.list", () =>
     Effect.gen(function* () {
-      yield* PluginBoot.Service.use((plugin) => plugin.wait())
       return yield* response(AgentV2.Service.use((agent) => agent.all()))
     }),
   ),
diff --git a/packages/server/src/handlers/event.ts b/packages/server/src/handlers/event.ts
index 65ec78a7cb3..8001fb87481 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/handlers/event.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/handlers/event.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { EventV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/event"
-import { Location } from "@opencode-ai/core/location"
 import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
 import { HttpServerResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { HttpApiBuilder } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
@@ -20,30 +19,14 @@ export const EventHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.event", (handlers)
     const events = yield* EventV2.Service
     return handlers.handleRaw("event.subscribe", () =>
       Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const location = yield* Location.Service
         const connected = {
           id: EventV2.ID.create(),
           type: "server.connected",
-          location: new Location.Info({
-            directory: location.directory,
-            workspaceID: location.workspaceID,
-            project: location.project,
-          }),
           data: {},
         }
         return HttpServerResponse.stream(
           Stream.make(connected).pipe(
-            Stream.concat(
-              events
-                .all()
-                .pipe(
-                  Stream.filter(
-                    (event) =>
-                      event.location?.directory === location.directory &&
-                      event.location.workspaceID === location.workspaceID,
-                  ),
-                ),
-            ),
+            Stream.concat(events.all()),
             Stream.map(eventData),
             Stream.pipeThroughChannel(Sse.encode()),
             Stream.encodeText,
diff --git a/packages/server/src/handlers/model.ts b/packages/server/src/handlers/model.ts
index 71a3f9d8500..542717351b9 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/handlers/model.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/handlers/model.ts
@@ -1,24 +1,15 @@
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { HttpApiBuilder } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
 import { Api } from "../api"
-import { ServiceUnavailableError } from "../errors"
 import { response } from "../groups/location"
 
-const catalogUnavailable = new ServiceUnavailableError({
-  message: "Model catalog is unavailable",
-  service: "catalog",
-})
-
 export const ModelHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.model", (handlers) =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     return handlers.handle(
       "model.list",
       Effect.fn(function* () {
         const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-        const pluginBoot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
-        yield* pluginBoot.wait().pipe(Effect.catchDefect(() => Effect.fail(catalogUnavailable)))
         return yield* response(catalog.model.available())
       }),
     )
diff --git a/packages/server/src/handlers/provider.ts b/packages/server/src/handlers/provider.ts
index 81e5e93ac79..4d84179ed36 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/handlers/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/handlers/provider.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
-import { PluginBoot } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin/boot"
 import { ProviderV2 } from "@opencode-ai/core/provider"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
 import { HttpApiBuilder } from "effect/unstable/httpapi"
 import { Api } from "../api"
-import { ProviderNotFoundError, ServiceUnavailableError } from "../errors"
+import { ProviderNotFoundError } from "../errors"
 import { response } from "../groups/location"
 
-const catalogUnavailable = new ServiceUnavailableError({
-  message: "Provider catalog is unavailable",
-  service: "catalog",
-})
-
 export const ProviderHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.provider", (handlers) =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     return handlers
@@ -19,8 +13,6 @@ export const ProviderHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.provider", (han
         "provider.list",
         Effect.fn(function* () {
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          const pluginBoot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
-          yield* pluginBoot.wait().pipe(Effect.catchDefect(() => Effect.fail(catalogUnavailable)))
           return yield* response(catalog.provider.available())
         }),
       )
@@ -28,18 +20,13 @@ export const ProviderHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.provider", (han
         "provider.get",
         Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
           const catalog = yield* Catalog.Service
-          const pluginBoot = yield* PluginBoot.Service
-          yield* pluginBoot.wait().pipe(Effect.catchDefect(() => Effect.fail(catalogUnavailable)))
-          return yield* response(catalog.provider.get(ctx.params.providerID)).pipe(
-            Effect.catchTag("CatalogV2.ProviderNotFound", (error) =>
-              Effect.fail(
-                new ProviderNotFoundError({
-                  providerID: error.providerID,
-                  message: `Provider not found: ${error.providerID}`,
-                }),
-              ),
-            ),
-          )
+          const provider = yield* catalog.provider.get(ctx.params.providerID)
+          if (!provider)
+            return yield* new ProviderNotFoundError({
+              providerID: ctx.params.providerID,
+              message: `Provider not found: ${ctx.params.providerID}`,
+            })
+          return yield* response(Effect.succeed(provider))
         }),
       )
   }),
diff --git a/packages/server/src/handlers/session.ts b/packages/server/src/handlers/session.ts
index 66383cfbfff..1fe860e5284 100644
--- a/packages/server/src/handlers/session.ts
+++ b/packages/server/src/handlers/session.ts
@@ -92,6 +92,38 @@ export const SessionHandler = HttpApiBuilder.group(Api, "server.session", (handl
           }
         }),
       )
+      .handle(
+        "session.switchAgent",
+        Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+          yield* session.switchAgent({ sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID, agent: ctx.payload.agent }).pipe(
+            Effect.catchTag("Session.NotFoundError", (error) =>
+              Effect.fail(
+                new SessionNotFoundError({
+                  sessionID: error.sessionID,
+                  message: `Session not found: ${error.sessionID}`,
+                }),
+              ),
+            ),
+          )
+          return HttpApiSchema.NoContent.make()
+        }),
+      )
+      .handle(
+        "session.switchModel",
+        Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
+          yield* session.switchModel({ sessionID: ctx.params.sessionID, model: ctx.payload.model }).pipe(
+            Effect.catchTag("Session.NotFoundError", (error) =>
+              Effect.fail(
+                new SessionNotFoundError({
+                  sessionID: error.sessionID,
+                  message: `Session not found: ${error.sessionID}`,
+                }),
+              ),
+            ),
+          )
+          return HttpApiSchema.NoContent.make()
+        }),
+      )
       .handle(
         "session.prompt",
         Effect.fn(function* (ctx) {
diff --git a/packages/slack/package.json b/packages/slack/package.json
index d04cac52434..c4ba07b2391 100644
--- a/packages/slack/package.json
+++ b/packages/slack/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/slack",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/package.json b/packages/stats/app/package.json
index 8317c5bc5e9..d7c6660d702 100644
--- a/packages/stats/app/package.json
+++ b/packages/stats/app/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/stats-app",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/src/app.tsx b/packages/stats/app/src/app.tsx
index b969043abd1..c3e66c0488f 100644
--- a/packages/stats/app/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/stats/app/src/app.tsx
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@ import "./app.css"
 function AppMeta() {
   return (
     <>
-      <Title>OpenCode Data</Title>
-      <Meta name="description" content="OpenCode usage data, market share, token cost, and session cost." />
+      <Title>AI Model Usage Rankings | OpenCode Data</Title>
+      <Meta
+        name="description"
+        content="Explore OpenCode Go usage across AI models, including token volume, rankings, market share, token pricing, session cost, cache ratio, and geo breakdowns."
+      />
     </>
   )
 }
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/[model].tsx b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/[model].tsx
index cd7e43dfc9a..223218fcbbb 100644
--- a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/[model].tsx
+++ b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/[model].tsx
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import {
   type StatsModelData,
   type UsageRange,
 } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/domain/home"
-import { runtime } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/runtime"
 import { createAsync, query, useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { createMemo, createSignal, For, onMount, Show, type JSX } from "solid-js"
 import { getRequestEvent } from "solid-js/web"
@@ -27,6 +26,7 @@ import {
   type ModelCatalogCost,
   type ModelCatalogEntry,
 } from "../model-catalog"
+import { runStatsEffect } from "../../stats-runtime"
 import {
   applyThemePreference,
   Footer,
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ const statsUnfurlUrl = new URL(statsUnfurlPath, statsCanonicalBaseUrl).toString(
 const modelHeaderLinks: readonly HeaderLink[] = [
   { href: "#overview", label: "Overview" },
   { href: "#usage", label: "Usage" },
+  { href: "#users", label: "Users" },
   { href: "#efficiency", label: "Efficiency" },
   { href: "#geo-breakdown", label: "Geo Breakdown" },
   { href: "#peers", label: "Peers" },
@@ -95,7 +96,7 @@ const worldBorderPath = worldPath(mesh(worldTopology, worldCountryGeometries, (a
 
 const getModelData = query(async (lab: string, model: string) => {
   "use server"
-  return runtime.runPromise(getStatsModelData(model, lab))
+  return runStatsEffect(getStatsModelData(model, lab))
 }, "getStatsModelData")
 
 export default function StatsModel() {
@@ -120,11 +121,10 @@ export default function StatsModel() {
   const [themePreference, setThemePreference] = createSignal<ThemePreference>("system")
   const modelName = createMemo(() => catalogEntry()?.name ?? stats()?.model ?? modelParam() ?? "Model")
   const labName = createMemo(() => formatCatalogLabName(catalogEntry()?.lab ?? stats()?.provider ?? labParam()))
-  const modelTitle = createMemo(() => `${modelName()} Data`)
-  const modelDescription = createMemo(() =>
-    stats()
-      ? `${modelName()} usage, rank, token mix, cost, geo breakdown, and peer data across OpenCode Go.`
-      : `${modelName()} model facts, limits, and OpenCode Go usage availability.`,
+  const modelTitle = createMemo(() => `${modelName()} Usage, Cost & Rank | OpenCode Data`)
+  const modelDescription = createMemo(
+    () =>
+      `View ${modelName()} OpenCode Go usage data, including token volume, weekly rank, token mix, costs, cache ratio, sessions, geo breakdowns, and peer models.`,
   )
   const modelUrl = createMemo(() =>
     new URL(
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@ export default function StatsModel() {
                 <ModelHero data={stats() ?? null} catalog={catalogEntry() ?? null} labName={labName()} />
                 <ModelOverview data={stats() ?? null} />
                 <ModelUsageSection data={stats()?.usage ?? []} />
+                <ModelUsersSection data={stats()?.usage ?? []} />
                 <ModelEfficiencySection data={stats() ?? null} catalog={catalogEntry() ?? null} />
                 <ModelGeoBreakdownSection data={stats()?.country ?? emptyCountryRecord()} />
                 <ModelPeersSection data={stats() ?? null} />
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ function CatalogDatum(props: { label: string; value: string }) {
 function ModelOverview(props: { data: StatsModelData | null }) {
   return (
     <section data-section="model-panel">
-      <SectionTitle title="Overview" description="Recent OpenCode Go tokens, sessions, and market position." />
+      <SectionTitle title="Overview" description="Recent OpenCode Go tokens, unique users, and market position." />
       <Show
         when={props.data}
         fallback={
@@ -339,6 +340,7 @@ function ModelOverview(props: { data: StatsModelData | null }) {
         {(data) => (
           <div data-component="model-metric-grid">
             <MetricCard label="Tokens" value={formatTokens(data().totals.tokens)} detail="last two months" />
+            <MetricCard label="Unique Users" value={formatUsers(data().totals.uniqueUsers)} detail="last two months" />
             <MetricCard label="Sessions" value={formatInteger(data().totals.sessions)} detail="completed sessions" />
             <MetricCard
               label="Token Share"
@@ -359,14 +361,6 @@ function ModelOverview(props: { data: StatsModelData | null }) {
 }
 
 function ModelUsageSection(props: { data: ModelUsagePoint[] }) {
-  const [activeIndex, setActiveIndex] = createSignal<number>()
-  const max = createMemo(() => Math.max(0, ...props.data.map((item) => item.tokens)) || 1)
-  const activePoint = createMemo(() => {
-    const index = activeIndex()
-    if (index === undefined) return undefined
-    return props.data[index]
-  })
-
   return (
     <section id="usage" data-section="model-panel">
       <SectionTitle title="Usage" description="Daily OpenCode Go token volume over the recent two-month window." />
@@ -374,92 +368,147 @@ function ModelUsageSection(props: { data: ModelUsagePoint[] }) {
         when={props.data.some((item) => item.tokens > 0)}
         fallback={<ModelEmptyState title="No usage" description="No usage landed in the current window." />}
       >
-        <div
-          data-component="model-usage-chart"
-          data-dense-labels={isModelUsageDense(props.data.length) ? "true" : undefined}
-          role="img"
-          aria-label="Daily token usage chart"
-          style={{ "--model-usage-count": props.data.length } as JSX.CSSProperties}
-          onPointerLeave={(event) => {
-            if (event.pointerType === "touch") return
-            setActiveIndex(undefined)
-          }}
-        >
-          <div data-slot="model-usage-axis" aria-hidden="true">
-            <For each={props.data}>
-              {(point, index) => (
-                <div
-                  data-active={activeIndex() === index() ? "true" : undefined}
-                  data-label-hidden={isModelUsageLabelHidden(index(), props.data.length) ? "true" : undefined}
-                >
-                  <span data-slot="model-usage-label">
-                    <span data-slot="model-usage-total">{formatTokens(point.tokens)}</span>
-                    <span data-slot="model-usage-date">{point.date}</span>
-                  </span>
-                </div>
-              )}
-            </For>
-          </div>
-          <div data-slot="model-usage-bars">
-            <For each={props.data}>
-              {(point, index) => (
-                <div
-                  data-slot="model-usage-column"
-                  role="button"
-                  tabIndex={0}
-                  aria-label={`${point.date} ${formatTokens(point.tokens)} tokens`}
-                  data-active={activeIndex() === index() ? "true" : undefined}
-                  data-muted={activeIndex() !== undefined && activeIndex() !== index() ? "true" : undefined}
-                  onPointerDown={(event) => {
-                    if (event.pointerType !== "touch") return
-                    setActiveIndex(index())
-                  }}
-                  onPointerEnter={() => setActiveIndex(index())}
-                  onPointerMove={(event) => {
-                    if (event.pointerType === "touch") return
-                    setActiveIndex(index())
-                  }}
-                  onClick={() => setActiveIndex(index())}
-                  onFocus={() => setActiveIndex(index())}
-                  onBlur={() => setActiveIndex(undefined)}
-                  onKeyDown={(event) => {
-                    if (event.key !== "Enter" && event.key !== " ") return
-                    event.preventDefault()
-                    setActiveIndex(index())
-                  }}
-                >
-                  <div
-                    data-slot="model-usage-bar"
-                    style={{ "--model-usage-fill": `${modelUsageHeight(point.tokens, max())}%` } as JSX.CSSProperties}
-                  />
-                  <Show when={activeIndex() === index() && activePoint()}>
-                    {(active) => (
-                      <div
-                        data-component="chart-tooltip"
-                        data-placement={index() > props.data.length * 0.62 ? "left" : "right"}
-                      >
-                        <strong>{active().date}</strong>
-                        <span>{formatTokens(active().tokens)} tokens</span>
-                        <div data-slot="tooltip-divider" />
-                        <p>
-                          <span data-slot="tooltip-label">
-                            <i /> Daily tokens
-                          </span>
-                          <b>{formatTokens(active().tokens)}</b>
-                        </p>
-                      </div>
-                    )}
-                  </Show>
-                </div>
-              )}
-            </For>
-          </div>
-        </div>
+        <ModelColumnChart data={props.data} metric="tokens" ariaLabel="Daily token usage chart" />
       </Show>
     </section>
   )
 }
 
+function ModelUsersSection(props: { data: ModelUsagePoint[] }) {
+  return (
+    <section id="users" data-section="model-panel">
+      <SectionTitle
+        title="Unique Users"
+        description="Daily unique OpenCode Go users over the recent two-month window."
+      />
+      <Show
+        when={props.data.some((item) => item.users > 0)}
+        fallback={
+          <ModelEmptyState title="No user data" description="No user-bearing rows landed in the current window." />
+        }
+      >
+        <ModelColumnChart data={props.data} metric="users" ariaLabel="Daily unique user chart" />
+      </Show>
+    </section>
+  )
+}
+
+function ModelColumnChart(props: { data: ModelUsagePoint[]; metric: "tokens" | "users"; ariaLabel: string }) {
+  const [activeIndex, setActiveIndex] = createSignal<number>()
+  const max = createMemo(() => Math.max(0, ...props.data.map((item) => modelUsageMetricValue(item, props.metric))) || 1)
+  const activePoint = createMemo(() => {
+    const index = activeIndex()
+    if (index === undefined) return undefined
+    return props.data[index]
+  })
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-component="model-usage-chart"
+      data-metric={props.metric}
+      data-dense-labels={isModelUsageDense(props.data.length) ? "true" : undefined}
+      role="img"
+      aria-label={props.ariaLabel}
+      style={{ "--model-usage-count": props.data.length } as JSX.CSSProperties}
+      onPointerLeave={(event) => {
+        if (event.pointerType === "touch") return
+        setActiveIndex(undefined)
+      }}
+    >
+      <div data-slot="model-usage-axis" aria-hidden="true">
+        <For each={props.data}>
+          {(point, index) => (
+            <div
+              data-active={activeIndex() === index() ? "true" : undefined}
+              data-label-hidden={isModelUsageLabelHidden(index(), props.data.length) ? "true" : undefined}
+            >
+              <span data-slot="model-usage-label">
+                <span data-slot="model-usage-total">{formatModelUsageValue(point, props.metric)}</span>
+                <span data-slot="model-usage-date">{point.date}</span>
+              </span>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </For>
+      </div>
+      <div data-slot="model-usage-bars">
+        <For each={props.data}>
+          {(point, index) => (
+            <div
+              data-slot="model-usage-column"
+              role="button"
+              tabIndex={0}
+              aria-label={`${point.date} ${formatModelUsageValue(point, props.metric)} ${modelUsageLabel(props.metric)}`}
+              data-active={activeIndex() === index() ? "true" : undefined}
+              data-muted={activeIndex() !== undefined && activeIndex() !== index() ? "true" : undefined}
+              onPointerDown={(event) => {
+                if (event.pointerType !== "touch") return
+                setActiveIndex(index())
+              }}
+              onPointerEnter={() => setActiveIndex(index())}
+              onPointerMove={(event) => {
+                if (event.pointerType === "touch") return
+                setActiveIndex(index())
+              }}
+              onClick={() => setActiveIndex(index())}
+              onFocus={() => setActiveIndex(index())}
+              onBlur={() => setActiveIndex(undefined)}
+              onKeyDown={(event) => {
+                if (event.key !== "Enter" && event.key !== " ") return
+                event.preventDefault()
+                setActiveIndex(index())
+              }}
+            >
+              <div
+                data-slot="model-usage-bar"
+                style={
+                  {
+                    "--model-usage-fill": `${modelUsageHeight(modelUsageMetricValue(point, props.metric), max())}%`,
+                  } as JSX.CSSProperties
+                }
+              />
+              <Show when={activeIndex() === index() && activePoint()}>
+                {(active) => (
+                  <div
+                    data-component="chart-tooltip"
+                    data-placement={index() > props.data.length * 0.62 ? "left" : "right"}
+                  >
+                    <strong>{active().date}</strong>
+                    <span>
+                      {formatModelUsageValue(active(), props.metric)} {modelUsageLabel(props.metric)}
+                    </span>
+                    <div data-slot="tooltip-divider" />
+                    <p>
+                      <span data-slot="tooltip-label">
+                        <i /> Daily {modelUsageLabel(props.metric)}
+                      </span>
+                      <b>{formatModelUsageValue(active(), props.metric)}</b>
+                    </p>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+              </Show>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </For>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+
+function modelUsageMetricValue(point: ModelUsagePoint, metric: "tokens" | "users") {
+  if (metric === "users") return point.users
+  return point.tokens
+}
+
+function formatModelUsageValue(point: ModelUsagePoint, metric: "tokens" | "users") {
+  if (metric === "users") return formatUsers(point.users)
+  return formatTokens(point.tokens)
+}
+
+function modelUsageLabel(metric: "tokens" | "users") {
+  if (metric === "users") return "users"
+  return "tokens"
+}
+
 function ModelEfficiencySection(props: { data: StatsModelData | null; catalog: ModelCatalogEntry | null }) {
   return (
     <section id="efficiency" data-section="model-panel">
@@ -835,6 +884,12 @@ function formatInteger(value: number) {
   return new Intl.NumberFormat("en").format(value)
 }
 
+function formatUsers(value: number) {
+  if (value >= 1_000_000) return `${trimNumber(value / 1_000_000, value >= 10_000_000 ? 0 : 1)}M`
+  if (value >= 1_000) return `${trimNumber(value / 1_000, value >= 10_000 ? 0 : 1)}K`
+  return formatInteger(Math.round(value))
+}
+
 function formatPercent(value: number) {
   return `${value.toFixed(value > 0 && value < 10 ? 1 : 0)}%`
 }
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/index.tsx b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/index.tsx
index 18f9545d08a..9d71f7b6442 100644
--- a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/[lab]/index.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import {
   type ModelUsagePoint,
   type StatsLabData,
 } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/domain/home"
-import { runtime } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/runtime"
 import { createAsync, query, useParams } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { createMemo, createSignal, For, onMount, Show, type JSX } from "solid-js"
 import { getRequestEvent } from "solid-js/web"
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   type ModelCatalogEntry,
   type ModelCatalogLab,
 } from "../model-catalog"
+import { runStatsEffect } from "../../stats-runtime"
 import {
   applyThemePreference,
   Footer,
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ const labFooterLinks: readonly HeaderLink[] = [
 
 const getLabData = query(async (lab: string) => {
   "use server"
-  return runtime.runPromise(getStatsLabData(lab))
+  return runStatsEffect(getStatsLabData(lab))
 }, "getStatsLabData")
 
 export default function StatsLab() {
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ export default function StatsLab() {
   const githubStars = createAsync(() => getGitHubStars())
   const [themePreference, setThemePreference] = createSignal<ThemePreference>("system")
   const labName = createMemo(() => lab()?.name ?? formatCatalogLabName(labParam()))
-  const labTitle = createMemo(() => `${labName()} Models`)
+  const labTitle = createMemo(() => `${labName()} AI Model Usage & Rankings | OpenCode Data`)
   const labDescription = createMemo(
     () =>
-      `Explore ${labName()} models used in OpenCode, with recent token usage, context windows, release dates, and model-specific data.`,
+      `Compare ${labName()} models used in OpenCode Go, including token usage, model rankings, context windows, release dates, costs, and model-specific data.`,
   )
   const labUrl = createMemo(() => new URL(lab()?.id ?? labParam(), statsCanonicalBaseUrl).toString())
   const updateThemePreference = (preference: ThemePreference) => {
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/api/health.ts b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/api/health.ts
index fe7abc9a7f0..eac4abb8981 100644
--- a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/api/health.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/api/health.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,3 @@
-import { AppConfig } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/config"
-import { runtime } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/runtime"
-import { Effect } from "effect"
-
 export async function GET() {
-  return Response.json(
-    await runtime.runPromise(
-      Effect.gen(function* () {
-        const config = yield* AppConfig
-        return {
-          ok: true,
-          app: "stats",
-          stage: config.stage,
-          publicUrl: config.publicUrl,
-        }
-      }),
-    ),
-  )
+  return Response.json({ ok: true, app: "stats" })
 }
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.css b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.css
index f6c7f7bef45..01b561c526d 100644
--- a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.css
+++ b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.css
@@ -1546,7 +1546,7 @@
   color: var(--stats-text);
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] {
+[data-page="stats"] :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"]) [data-component="chart-tooltip"] {
   top: 110px;
   box-sizing: border-box;
   display: flex;
@@ -1564,40 +1564,59 @@
   color: var(--stats-text);
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"][data-placement="right"] {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"][data-placement="right"] {
   right: auto;
   left: calc(100% + 8px);
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"][data-placement="left"] {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"][data-placement="left"] {
   right: calc(100% + 8px);
   left: auto;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] strong,
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] > span {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  strong,
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  > span {
   display: block;
   font-size: 11px;
   line-height: 12px;
   white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] strong {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  strong {
   padding: 8px 8px 0;
   font-weight: 500;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] > span {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  > span {
   padding: 4px 8px 8px;
   color: var(--stats-muted);
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] [data-slot="tooltip-divider"] {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  [data-slot="tooltip-divider"] {
   height: 0.5px;
   margin: 0;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] p {
+[data-page="stats"] :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"]) [data-component="chart-tooltip"] p {
   grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
   gap: 4px;
   height: 16px;
@@ -1608,36 +1627,50 @@
   line-height: 12px;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] p[data-muted="true"] {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  p[data-muted="true"] {
   opacity: 0.46;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] [data-slot="tooltip-divider"] + p {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  [data-slot="tooltip-divider"]
+  + p {
   margin-top: 8px;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] p:last-child {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  p:last-child {
   margin-bottom: 8px;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] [data-slot="tooltip-label"] {
+[data-page="stats"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  [data-slot="tooltip-label"] {
   grid-template-columns: 16px minmax(0, 1fr);
   gap: 4px;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] i {
+[data-page="stats"] :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"]) [data-component="chart-tooltip"] i {
   width: 6px;
   height: 6px;
   justify-self: center;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] b {
+[data-page="stats"] :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"]) [data-component="chart-tooltip"] b {
   font-weight: 500;
 }
 
 [data-page="stats"]
   :is(
     [data-section="leaderboard"],
+    [data-section="unique-users"],
     [data-section="market-share"],
     [data-section="geo-breakdown"],
     [data-section="token-cost"],
@@ -3264,10 +3297,12 @@
   background: #242424f2;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"][data-theme="dark"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"],
+[data-page="stats"][data-theme="dark"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"],
 :root[data-stats-theme="dark"]
   [data-page="stats"]:not([data-theme="light"])
-  [data-section="top-models"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
   [data-component="chart-tooltip"] {
   background: #242424f2;
   box-shadow:
@@ -3276,10 +3311,13 @@
     0 4px 8px #00000052;
 }
 
-[data-page="stats"][data-theme="dark"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] > span,
+[data-page="stats"][data-theme="dark"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+  [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
+  > span,
 :root[data-stats-theme="dark"]
   [data-page="stats"]:not([data-theme="light"])
-  [data-section="top-models"]
+  :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
   [data-component="chart-tooltip"]
   > span {
   color: var(--stats-faint);
@@ -3544,6 +3582,7 @@
 @media (max-width: 74rem) {
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="leaderboard"],
+  [data-page="stats"] [data-section="unique-users"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="market-share"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="geo-breakdown"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="token-cost"],
@@ -3703,6 +3742,7 @@
 @media (max-width: 47.999rem) {
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="leaderboard"],
+  [data-page="stats"] [data-section="unique-users"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="market-share"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="geo-breakdown"],
   [data-page="stats"] [data-section="token-cost"],
@@ -4011,7 +4051,7 @@
     display: block;
   }
 
-  [data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"] {
+  [data-page="stats"] :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"]) [data-component="chart-tooltip"] {
     position: fixed;
     top: auto;
     right: 12px;
@@ -4025,7 +4065,9 @@
     transform: none;
   }
 
-  [data-page="stats"] [data-section="top-models"] [data-component="chart-tooltip"][data-placement] {
+  [data-page="stats"]
+    :is([data-section="top-models"], [data-section="unique-users"])
+    [data-component="chart-tooltip"][data-placement] {
     right: 12px;
     left: 12px;
   }
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.tsx b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.tsx
index 6ee3b46e2ae..51ca059f8e8 100644
--- a/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/stats/app/src/routes/index.tsx
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@ import {
   type TokenCostEntry,
   type UsagePoint,
 } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/domain/home"
-import { runtime } from "@opencode-ai/stats-core/runtime"
 import { createAsync, query } from "@solidjs/router"
 import { createEffect, createMemo, createSignal, For, onCleanup, onMount, Show, type JSX } from "solid-js"
 import { getRequestEvent } from "solid-js/web"
 import type { FeatureCollection, GeometryObject, GeoJsonProperties } from "geojson"
 import type { GeometryCollection, Topology } from "topojson-specification"
+import { runStatsEffect } from "../stats-runtime"
 import { findModelCatalogEntry, getModelCatalog, type ModelCatalog } from "./model-catalog"
 import {
   applyThemePreference,
@@ -49,8 +49,9 @@ const rangeLabels: Record<UsageRange, string> = {
   "1M": "1 Month",
   "2M": "2 Months",
 }
-const statsHomeTitle = "OpenCode Data"
-const statsHomeDescription = "OpenCode usage data, market share, token cost, and session cost."
+const statsHomeTitle = "AI Model Usage Rankings | OpenCode Data"
+const statsHomeDescription =
+  "Explore OpenCode Go usage across AI models, including token volume, rankings, market share, token pricing, session cost, cache ratio, and geo breakdowns."
 const statsHomeFallbackUrl = "https://opencode.ai/data/"
 const statsUnfurlPath = "banner.jpg"
 const statsUnfurlAlt = "OpenCode Data wordmark on a dark patterned background"
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ const worldBorderPath = worldPath(mesh(worldTopology, worldCountryGeometries, (a
 
 const getData = query(async () => {
   "use server"
-  return runtime.runPromise(getStatsHomeData())
+  return runStatsEffect(getStatsHomeData())
 }, "getStatsHomeData")
 
 export default function StatsHome() {
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ export default function StatsHome() {
               <>
                 <Hero updatedAt={stats().updatedAt} />
                 <TopModelsSection data={stats().usage} leaderboard={stats().leaderboard} />
+                <UniqueUsersSection data={stats().users} />
                 <SessionCostSection data={stats().sessionCost} />
                 <TokenCostSection data={stats().tokenCost} catalog={catalog() ?? null} />
                 <CacheRatioSection data={stats().cacheRatio} />
@@ -597,6 +599,8 @@ function FilterPills<T extends string>(props: {
 function TopModelsChart(props: {
   data: UsagePoint[]
   range: UsageRange
+  metric?: "tokens" | "users"
+  ariaLabel?: string
   activeModel: string | undefined
   onActiveModelChange: (model: string | undefined) => void
 }) {
@@ -605,6 +609,7 @@ function TopModelsChart(props: {
   const maxTotal = createMemo(() => getTopModelsMaxTotal(props.data))
   const segmentOrder = createMemo(() => getTopModelsSegmentOrder(props.data))
   const activePoint = createMemo(() => props.data[activeIndex() ?? -1])
+  const metric = createMemo(() => props.metric ?? "tokens")
 
   createEffect(() => scrollDenseChartToEnd(chartRef, props.range, props.data.length))
 
@@ -613,9 +618,10 @@ function TopModelsChart(props: {
       ref={chartRef}
       data-component="top-models-chart"
       data-range={props.range}
+      data-metric={metric()}
       data-dense-labels={isDenseColumnRange(props.range) ? "true" : undefined}
       role="img"
-      aria-label="Stacked top model usage chart"
+      aria-label={props.ariaLabel ?? "Stacked top model usage chart"}
       style={{ "--top-models-count": props.data.length } as JSX.CSSProperties}
       onPointerLeave={(event) => {
         if (event.pointerType === "touch") return
@@ -632,7 +638,7 @@ function TopModelsChart(props: {
               data-mobile-hidden={isTopModelsMobileAxisHidden(index(), props.data.length) ? "true" : undefined}
             >
               <span data-slot="axis-label">
-                <span data-slot="axis-total">{formatTokens(usageTotal(day))}</span>
+                <span data-slot="axis-total">{formatUsageChartValue(usageTotal(day), metric())}</span>
                 <span data-slot="axis-date">
                   <span data-slot="axis-date-full">{day.date}</span>
                   <span data-slot="axis-date-mobile">{formatTopModelsMobileDate(day.date, props.range)}</span>
@@ -656,7 +662,7 @@ function TopModelsChart(props: {
               data-slot="top-models-bar"
               role="button"
               tabIndex={0}
-              aria-label={`${day.date} ${formatTokens(usageTotal(day))}`}
+              aria-label={`${day.date} ${formatUsageChartValue(usageTotal(day), metric())} ${usageChartTotalLabel(metric())}`}
               data-active={activeIndex() === dayIndex() ? "true" : undefined}
               data-muted={activeIndex() !== undefined && activeIndex() !== dayIndex() ? "true" : undefined}
               style={{ "--top-models-bar-height": `${getTopModelsBarHeight(usageTotal(day), maxTotal())}%` }}
@@ -738,8 +744,14 @@ function TopModelsChart(props: {
                     data-placement={dayIndex() > props.data.length * 0.62 ? "left" : "right"}
                   >
                     <strong>{point().date}</strong>
-                    <span>{formatTokens(usageTotal(point()))} total</span>
-                    <div data-slot="tooltip-divider" />
+                    <Show when={metric() === "tokens"}>
+                      <span>
+                        {formatUsageChartValue(usageTotal(point()), metric())} {usageChartTotalLabel(metric())}
+                      </span>
+                    </Show>
+                    <Show when={metric() === "tokens"}>
+                      <div data-slot="tooltip-divider" />
+                    </Show>
                     <For each={visibleTopModelsSegments(point())}>
                       {(item) => (
                         <p
@@ -758,7 +770,7 @@ function TopModelsChart(props: {
                             />{" "}
                             {item.segment.model}
                           </span>
-                          <b>{formatTokens(item.segment.value)}</b>
+                          <b>{formatUsageChartValue(item.segment.value, metric())}</b>
                         </p>
                       )}
                     </For>
@@ -773,6 +785,33 @@ function TopModelsChart(props: {
   )
 }
 
+function UniqueUsersSection(props: { data: StatsHomeData["users"] }) {
+  const [activeModel, setActiveModel] = createSignal<string>()
+  const data = createMemo(() => props.data.Go["2M"])
+
+  return (
+    <section id="unique-users" data-section="unique-users">
+      <SectionBridge label="TOP MODELS" href="#top-models" />
+      <SectionTitle title="Unique Users" description="Daily unique OpenCode Go users by model." />
+      <Show
+        when={data().some((item) => usageTotal(item) > 0)}
+        fallback={
+          <EmptyState title="No user data" description="No user-bearing model_stat rows matched this window." />
+        }
+      >
+        <TopModelsChart
+          data={data()}
+          range="2M"
+          metric="users"
+          ariaLabel="Stacked unique user chart by model"
+          activeModel={activeModel()}
+          onActiveModelChange={setActiveModel}
+        />
+      </Show>
+    </section>
+  )
+}
+
 function isTopModelsBlankHover(bar: HTMLElement, clientY: number) {
   const stack = bar.querySelector<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="top-models-stack"]')
   if (!stack) return true
@@ -863,6 +902,22 @@ function formatTokens(value: number) {
   return `${Math.round(value * 1000)}B`
 }
 
+function formatUsageChartValue(value: number, metric: "tokens" | "users") {
+  if (metric === "users") return formatUsers(value)
+  return formatTokens(value)
+}
+
+function usageChartTotalLabel(metric: "tokens" | "users") {
+  if (metric === "users") return "model users"
+  return "total"
+}
+
+function formatUsers(value: number) {
+  if (value >= 1_000_000) return `${(value / 1_000_000).toFixed(value >= 10_000_000 ? 0 : 1)}M`
+  if (value >= 1_000) return `${(value / 1_000).toFixed(value >= 10_000 ? 0 : 1)}K`
+  return new Intl.NumberFormat("en").format(Math.round(value))
+}
+
 function Leaderboard(props: {
   data: LeaderboardEntry[]
   activeModel: string | undefined
@@ -1399,9 +1454,7 @@ function formatCountryName(country: string) {
 }
 
 function formatGeoTokens(value: number) {
-  if (value >= 1) return formatTrillions(value)
-  if (value >= 0.001) return `${Number((value * 1000).toFixed(value >= 0.01 ? 0 : 1))}B`
-  return `${Math.round(value * 1_000_000)}M`
+  return formatTrillions(value)
 }
 
 function formatGeoShare(value: number) {
@@ -1457,6 +1510,9 @@ function formatMarketMobileDate(label: string) {
 }
 
 function formatTrillions(value: number) {
+  if (value === 0) return "0"
+  if (value < 0.001) return `${Number((value * 1_000_000).toFixed(value >= 0.00001 ? 0 : 1))}M`
+  if (value < 1) return `${Number((value * 1_000).toFixed(value >= 0.01 ? 0 : 1))}B`
   return `${value.toFixed(value >= 10 ? 0 : 1)}T`
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/stats/app/src/stats-runtime.ts b/packages/stats/app/src/stats-runtime.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0fd2da5fdfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/stats/app/src/stats-runtime.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+
+export function runStatsEffect<A, E>(effect: Effect.Effect<A, E>) {
+  return Effect.runPromise(effect)
+}
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/migrations/20260620000000_unique_users/migration.sql b/packages/stats/core/migrations/20260620000000_unique_users/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3b9784b0dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/stats/core/migrations/20260620000000_unique_users/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ALTER TABLE `geo_stat` ADD `unique_users` bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `model_stat` ADD `unique_users` bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE `provider_stat` ADD `unique_users` bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/package.json b/packages/stats/core/package.json
index 2dcfd54655b..76c022a4946 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/package.json
+++ b/packages/stats/core/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/stats-core",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
   },
   "scripts": {
     "db:generate": "drizzle-kit generate --config=drizzle.config.ts",
+    "db:check-unique-users": "bun src/ensure-unique-users.ts --check",
+    "db:ensure-unique-users": "bun src/ensure-unique-users.ts",
     "db:migrate": "bun src/migrate.ts",
     "db:push": "drizzle-kit push --config=drizzle.config.ts",
     "db:studio": "drizzle-kit studio --config=drizzle.config.ts",
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/athena.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/athena.ts
index a2be44ebb76..50c356afa56 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/athena.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/athena.ts
@@ -5,28 +5,36 @@ import {
   StartQueryExecutionCommand,
   type Row,
 } from "@aws-sdk/client-athena"
-import { Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import * as Context from "effect/Context"
 import { Resource } from "sst/resource"
 
-const ATHENA_MAX_POLL_ATTEMPTS = 60
+const ATHENA_MAX_POLL_ATTEMPTS = 300
 const ATHENA_PAGE_SIZE = 1000
 
 export type AthenaData = Record<string, string>
 
-export class AthenaQueryError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AthenaQueryError>()("AthenaQueryError", {
-  message: Schema.String,
-  queryExecutionId: Schema.optional(Schema.String),
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
-}) {}
+export class AthenaQueryError extends Error {
+  readonly _tag = "AthenaQueryError"
+  readonly queryExecutionId?: string
 
-export class AthenaQueryTimeoutError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<AthenaQueryTimeoutError>()(
-  "AthenaQueryTimeoutError",
-  {
-    message: Schema.String,
-    queryExecutionId: Schema.String,
-  },
-) {}
+  constructor(input: { message: string; queryExecutionId?: string; cause?: unknown }) {
+    super(input.message, { cause: input.cause })
+    this.name = "AthenaQueryError"
+    this.queryExecutionId = input.queryExecutionId
+  }
+}
+
+export class AthenaQueryTimeoutError extends Error {
+  readonly _tag = "AthenaQueryTimeoutError"
+  readonly queryExecutionId: string
+
+  constructor(input: { message: string; queryExecutionId: string }) {
+    super(input.message)
+    this.name = "AthenaQueryTimeoutError"
+    this.queryExecutionId = input.queryExecutionId
+  }
+}
 
 export declare namespace Athena {
   export interface Service {
@@ -57,7 +65,7 @@ export class Athena extends Context.Service<Athena, Athena.Service>()("@opencode
         })
         const queryExecutionId = started.QueryExecutionId
         if (!queryExecutionId)
-          return yield* new AthenaQueryError({ message: "Athena did not return a query execution id" })
+          return yield* Effect.fail(new AthenaQueryError({ message: "Athena did not return a query execution id" }))
 
         yield* poll(client, queryExecutionId)
         return yield* results(client, queryExecutionId)
@@ -87,16 +95,20 @@ const poll: (
 
   if (status?.State === "SUCCEEDED") return
   if (status?.State === "FAILED" || status?.State === "CANCELLED")
-    return yield* new AthenaQueryError({
-      message: `Athena stats query ${status.State.toLowerCase()}: ${status.StateChangeReason ?? "unknown reason"}`,
-      queryExecutionId,
-    })
+    return yield* Effect.fail(
+      new AthenaQueryError({
+        message: `Athena stats query ${status.State.toLowerCase()}: ${status.StateChangeReason ?? "unknown reason"}`,
+        queryExecutionId,
+      }),
+    )
 
   if (attempt >= ATHENA_MAX_POLL_ATTEMPTS - 1)
-    return yield* new AthenaQueryTimeoutError({
-      message: `Athena stats query ${queryExecutionId} did not complete`,
-      queryExecutionId,
-    })
+    return yield* Effect.fail(
+      new AthenaQueryTimeoutError({
+        message: `Athena stats query ${queryExecutionId} did not complete`,
+        queryExecutionId,
+      }),
+    )
 
   return yield* poll(client, queryExecutionId, attempt + 1)
 })
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/database.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/database.ts
index d265f82bf1e..2d55ee7f8eb 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/database.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/database.ts
@@ -44,16 +44,29 @@ export class DrizzleClient extends Context.Service<DrizzleClient, Drizzle>()("@o
   )
 }
 
-export class DatabaseError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<DatabaseError>()("DatabaseError", {
-  cause: Schema.Defect,
-}) {}
+export class DatabaseError extends Error {
+  readonly _tag = "DatabaseError"
+
+  constructor(input: { cause: unknown }) {
+    super("Database operation failed", { cause: input.cause })
+    this.name = "DatabaseError"
+  }
+
+  static make(input: { cause: unknown }) {
+    return new DatabaseError(input)
+  }
+}
 
 export const catchDbError = Effect.mapError((cause) => DatabaseError.make({ cause }))
 
-export class MigrationError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<MigrationError>()("MigrationError", {
-  message: Schema.String,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
-}) {}
+export class MigrationError extends Error {
+  readonly _tag = "MigrationError"
+
+  constructor(input: { message: string; cause?: unknown }) {
+    super(input.message, { cause: input.cause })
+    this.name = "MigrationError"
+  }
+}
 
 export const migrate = Effect.fn("Database.migrate")(function* () {
   const settings = yield* DatabaseConfig
@@ -68,9 +81,11 @@ export const migrate = Effect.fn("Database.migrate")(function* () {
     catch: (cause) => new MigrationError({ message: "Failed to apply database migrations", cause }),
   })
   if (result)
-    return yield* new MigrationError({
-      message: `Failed to initialize database migrations: ${result.exitCode}`,
-    })
+    return yield* Effect.fail(
+      new MigrationError({
+        message: `Failed to initialize database migrations: ${result.exitCode}`,
+      }),
+    )
   yield* Effect.logInfo("database migrations complete").pipe(
     Effect.annotateLogs({ migrationsDir: settings.migrationsDir }),
   )
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/database/schema.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/database/schema.ts
index a658a4d511c..d5bfa314bfd 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/database/schema.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/database/schema.ts
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ function metricColumns() {
   return {
     sessions: bigint({ mode: "number" }).notNull().default(0),
     requests: bigint({ mode: "number" }).notNull().default(0),
+    unique_users: bigint({ mode: "number" }).notNull().default(0),
     input_tokens: bigint({ mode: "number" }).notNull().default(0),
     output_tokens: bigint({ mode: "number" }).notNull().default(0),
     reasoning_tokens: bigint({ mode: "number" }).notNull().default(0),
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/geo.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/geo.ts
index c58195c7795..b75e08a34b2 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/geo.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/geo.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import {
   chunks,
   collapseRows,
   inserted,
+  isMissingUniqueUsersColumn,
+  omitUniqueUsers,
   rankRowsWithMarketShare,
   statPeriodKey,
   statRowScope,
@@ -136,48 +138,59 @@ export class GeoStatRepo extends Context.Service<GeoStatRepo, GeoStatRepo.Servic
           chunks(rows, UPSERT_CHUNK_SIZE),
           (chunk) =>
             Effect.tryPromise({
-              try: () =>
-                db
-                  .insert(geoStat)
-                  .values(chunk)
-                  .onDuplicateKeyUpdate({
-                    set: {
-                      continent: inserted("continent"),
-                      sessions: inserted("sessions"),
-                      requests: inserted("requests"),
-                      input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
-                      output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
-                      reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
-                      cache_read_tokens: inserted("cache_read_tokens"),
-                      total_tokens: inserted("total_tokens"),
-                      input_cost_microcents: inserted("input_cost_microcents"),
-                      output_cost_microcents: inserted("output_cost_microcents"),
-                      total_cost_microcents: inserted("total_cost_microcents"),
-                      avg_duration_ms: inserted("avg_duration_ms"),
-                      p50_duration_ms: inserted("p50_duration_ms"),
-                      p95_duration_ms: inserted("p95_duration_ms"),
-                      avg_ttfb_ms: inserted("avg_ttfb_ms"),
-                      p50_ttfb_ms: inserted("p50_ttfb_ms"),
-                      p95_ttfb_ms: inserted("p95_ttfb_ms"),
-                      avg_output_tps: inserted("avg_output_tps"),
-                      success_count: inserted("success_count"),
-                      error_count: inserted("error_count"),
-                      sample_count: inserted("sample_count"),
-                      market_share_tokens: inserted("market_share_tokens"),
-                      market_share_requests: inserted("market_share_requests"),
-                      market_share_sessions: inserted("market_share_sessions"),
-                      rank_by_tokens: inserted("rank_by_tokens"),
-                      rank_by_requests: inserted("rank_by_requests"),
-                      rank_by_sessions: inserted("rank_by_sessions"),
-                      rank_by_cost: inserted("rank_by_cost"),
-                    },
-                  }),
+              try: async () => {
+                try {
+                  return await upsertGeoChunk(chunk, true)
+                } catch (cause) {
+                  if (!isMissingUniqueUsersColumn(cause)) throw cause
+                  return upsertGeoChunk(chunk, false)
+                }
+              },
               catch: (cause) => DatabaseError.make({ cause }),
             }),
           { discard: true },
         )
       })
 
+      function upsertGeoChunk(chunk: GeoStatRow[], includeUniqueUsers: boolean) {
+        return db
+          .insert(geoStat)
+          .values(includeUniqueUsers ? chunk : omitUniqueUsers(chunk))
+          .onDuplicateKeyUpdate({
+            set: {
+              continent: inserted("continent"),
+              sessions: inserted("sessions"),
+              requests: inserted("requests"),
+              ...(includeUniqueUsers ? { unique_users: inserted("unique_users") } : {}),
+              input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
+              output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
+              reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
+              cache_read_tokens: inserted("cache_read_tokens"),
+              total_tokens: inserted("total_tokens"),
+              input_cost_microcents: inserted("input_cost_microcents"),
+              output_cost_microcents: inserted("output_cost_microcents"),
+              total_cost_microcents: inserted("total_cost_microcents"),
+              avg_duration_ms: inserted("avg_duration_ms"),
+              p50_duration_ms: inserted("p50_duration_ms"),
+              p95_duration_ms: inserted("p95_duration_ms"),
+              avg_ttfb_ms: inserted("avg_ttfb_ms"),
+              p50_ttfb_ms: inserted("p50_ttfb_ms"),
+              p95_ttfb_ms: inserted("p95_ttfb_ms"),
+              avg_output_tps: inserted("avg_output_tps"),
+              success_count: inserted("success_count"),
+              error_count: inserted("error_count"),
+              sample_count: inserted("sample_count"),
+              market_share_tokens: inserted("market_share_tokens"),
+              market_share_requests: inserted("market_share_requests"),
+              market_share_sessions: inserted("market_share_sessions"),
+              rank_by_tokens: inserted("rank_by_tokens"),
+              rank_by_requests: inserted("rank_by_requests"),
+              rank_by_sessions: inserted("rank_by_sessions"),
+              rank_by_cost: inserted("rank_by_cost"),
+            },
+          })
+      }
+
       const deleteRetiredDimensions = Effect.fn("GeoStatRepo.deleteRetiredDimensions")(function* (rows: GeoStatRow[]) {
         const scope = statRowScope(rows)
         if (!scope) return
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/home.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/home.ts
index 3023ae32365..346d4da4f93 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/home.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/home.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+import { Client } from "@planetscale/database"
 import { Effect } from "effect"
-import { DatabaseError } from "../database"
-import { GeoStatRepo, type GeoStatMetric } from "./geo"
-import { ModelStatRepo, type ModelStatMetric } from "./model"
-import { ProviderStatRepo, type ProviderStatMetric } from "./provider"
+import { Resource } from "sst/resource"
+import type { GeoStatMetric } from "./geo"
+import type { ModelStatMetric } from "./model"
+import type { ProviderStatMetric } from "./provider"
 
 export type UsageProduct = "All Users" | "Zen" | "Go" | "Enterprise"
 export type TokenProduct = "Zen" | "Go" | "Enterprise"
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ export type TokenCostEntry = { model: string; total: number; input: number; outp
 export type CacheRatioEntry = { model: string; ratio: number; cached: number; uncached: number; total: number }
 export type SessionCostEntry = { model: string; cost: number; tokens: number }
 export type CountryEntry = { country: string; continent: string; tokens: number; share: number; rank: number }
-export type ModelUsagePoint = { date: string; tokens: number; sessions: number; cost: number }
+export type ModelUsagePoint = { date: string; tokens: number; users: number; sessions: number; cost: number }
 export type ModelMixEntry = { label: string; tokens: number; share: number }
 export type ModelPeerEntry = {
   model: string
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ export type StatsModelData = {
   tokenChange: number
   totals: {
     sessions: number
+    uniqueUsers: number
     tokens: number
     cost: number
     tokensPerSession: number
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ export type StatsLabData = {
 export type StatsHomeData = {
   updatedAt: string | null
   usage: Record<UsageProduct, Record<UsageRange, UsagePoint[]>>
+  users: Record<UsageProduct, Record<UsageRange, UsagePoint[]>>
   leaderboard: Record<UsageProduct, Record<UsageRange, LeaderboardEntry[]>>
   market: Record<UsageRange, MarketDay[]>
   tokenCost: Record<TokenProduct, TokenCostEntry[]>
@@ -90,6 +93,14 @@ export type StatsHomeData = {
   country: Record<UsageRange, CountryEntry[]>
 }
 
+export class StatsDataError extends Error {
+  override name = "StatsDataError"
+
+  constructor(readonly cause: unknown) {
+    super("Failed to load stats data")
+  }
+}
+
 const DAY_MS = 86_400_000
 const TOKEN_SCALE = 1_000_000
 const DOLLARS_PER_MICROCENT = 1 / 100_000_000
@@ -118,6 +129,7 @@ type ModelAggregate = {
   model: string
   provider: string
   sessions: number
+  uniqueUsers: number
   inputTokens: number
   outputTokens: number
   reasoningTokens: number
@@ -128,49 +140,136 @@ type ModelAggregate = {
   totalCostMicrocents: number
 }
 
-export const getStatsHomeData: () => Effect.Effect<
-  StatsHomeData,
-  DatabaseError,
-  ModelStatRepo | ProviderStatRepo | GeoStatRepo
-> = Effect.fn("StatsHome.getData")(function* () {
-  const modelStats = yield* ModelStatRepo
-  const providerStats = yield* ProviderStatRepo
-  const geoStats = yield* GeoStatRepo
-  const [modelRows, providerRows, geoRows] = yield* Effect.all(
-    [modelStats.listDaily(), providerStats.listDaily(), geoStats.listDaily()],
-    { concurrency: "unbounded" },
-  )
-  return buildStatsHomeData(modelRows, providerRows, geoRows)
-})
+type RawRow = Record<string, unknown>
 
-export const getStatsModelData: (
+export function getStatsHomeData(): Effect.Effect<StatsHomeData, StatsDataError> {
+  return Effect.tryPromise({
+    try: async () => {
+      const [modelRows, providerRows, geoRows] = await Promise.all([
+        listModelDaily(),
+        listProviderDaily(),
+        listGeoDaily(),
+      ])
+      return buildStatsHomeData(modelRows, providerRows, geoRows)
+    },
+    catch: (cause) => new StatsDataError(cause),
+  })
+}
+
+export function getStatsModelData(
   model: string,
   provider?: string,
-) => Effect.Effect<StatsModelData | null, DatabaseError, ModelStatRepo | GeoStatRepo> = Effect.fn("StatsModel.getData")(
-  function* (model, provider) {
-    const modelStats = yield* ModelStatRepo
-    const geoStats = yield* GeoStatRepo
-    const modelRows = yield* modelStats.listDaily()
-    const normalized = modelRows.flatMap(normalizeStatRow)
-    const resolvedModel = resolveModelName(model, normalized, provider)
-    if (!resolvedModel) return null
-    return buildStatsModelData(
-      resolvedModel,
-      modelRows,
-      yield* geoStats.listDaily({
-        model: resolvedModel,
-        provider: resolveModelProvider(resolvedModel, normalized, provider),
-      }),
-      provider,
-    )
-  },
-)
-
-export const getStatsLabData: (provider: string) => Effect.Effect<StatsLabData | null, DatabaseError, ModelStatRepo> =
-  Effect.fn("StatsLab.getData")(function* (provider) {
-    const modelStats = yield* ModelStatRepo
-    return buildStatsLabData(provider, yield* modelStats.listDaily())
+): Effect.Effect<StatsModelData | null, StatsDataError> {
+  return Effect.tryPromise({
+    try: async () => {
+      const modelRows = await listModelDaily()
+      const normalized = modelRows.flatMap(normalizeStatRow)
+      const resolvedModel = resolveModelName(model, normalized, provider)
+      if (!resolvedModel) return null
+      return buildStatsModelData(
+        resolvedModel,
+        modelRows,
+        await listGeoDaily({
+          model: resolvedModel,
+          provider: resolveModelProvider(resolvedModel, normalized, provider),
+        }),
+        provider,
+      )
+    },
+    catch: (cause) => new StatsDataError(cause),
   })
+}
+
+export function getStatsLabData(provider: string): Effect.Effect<StatsLabData | null, StatsDataError> {
+  return Effect.tryPromise({
+    try: async () => buildStatsLabData(provider, await listModelDaily()),
+    catch: (cause) => new StatsDataError(cause),
+  })
+}
+
+async function listModelDaily(): Promise<ModelStatMetric[]> {
+  return (
+    await queryRows(`select period_key, updated_at, tier, provider, model, sessions, unique_users, input_tokens,
+    output_tokens, reasoning_tokens, cache_read_tokens, total_tokens, input_cost_microcents, output_cost_microcents,
+    total_cost_microcents from model_stat where grain = 'day' and client = 'all' and source = 'all'
+    and tier in ('Go', 'go') order by period_key`)
+  ).map((row) => ({
+    periodKey: stringValue(row.period_key),
+    updatedAt: dateValue(row.updated_at),
+    tier: stringValue(row.tier),
+    provider: stringValue(row.provider),
+    model: stringValue(row.model),
+    sessions: numberValue(row.sessions),
+    uniqueUsers: numberValue(row.unique_users),
+    inputTokens: numberValue(row.input_tokens),
+    outputTokens: numberValue(row.output_tokens),
+    reasoningTokens: numberValue(row.reasoning_tokens),
+    cacheReadTokens: numberValue(row.cache_read_tokens),
+    totalTokens: numberValue(row.total_tokens),
+    inputCostMicrocents: numberValue(row.input_cost_microcents),
+    outputCostMicrocents: numberValue(row.output_cost_microcents),
+    totalCostMicrocents: numberValue(row.total_cost_microcents),
+  }))
+}
+
+async function listProviderDaily(): Promise<ProviderStatMetric[]> {
+  return (
+    await queryRows(`select period_key, updated_at, tier, provider, total_tokens from provider_stat
+    where grain = 'day' and client = 'all' and source = 'all' and tier in ('Go', 'go') order by period_key`)
+  ).map((row) => ({
+    periodKey: stringValue(row.period_key),
+    updatedAt: dateValue(row.updated_at),
+    tier: stringValue(row.tier),
+    provider: stringValue(row.provider),
+    totalTokens: numberValue(row.total_tokens),
+  }))
+}
+
+async function listGeoDaily(opts?: { provider?: string; model?: string }): Promise<GeoStatMetric[]> {
+  const scope =
+    opts?.model && opts.provider
+      ? "and provider = ? and model = ?"
+      : opts?.model
+        ? "and model = ?"
+        : "and provider = 'all' and model = 'all'"
+  const params = opts?.model && opts.provider ? [opts.provider, opts.model] : opts?.model ? [opts.model] : []
+  return (
+    await queryRows(
+      `select period_key, updated_at, tier, provider, model, country, continent, total_tokens from geo_stat
+    where grain = 'day' and client = 'all' and source = 'all' and tier in ('Go', 'go') ${scope} order by period_key`,
+      params,
+    )
+  ).map((row) => ({
+    periodKey: stringValue(row.period_key),
+    updatedAt: dateValue(row.updated_at),
+    tier: stringValue(row.tier),
+    provider: stringValue(row.provider),
+    model: stringValue(row.model),
+    country: stringValue(row.country),
+    continent: stringValue(row.continent),
+    totalTokens: numberValue(row.total_tokens),
+  }))
+}
+
+async function queryRows(query: string, params: string[] = []) {
+  return (await new Client({ url: databaseUrl() }).execute(query, params)).rows as RawRow[]
+}
+
+function databaseUrl() {
+  return process.env.DATABASE_URL ?? Resource.StatsDatabase.url
+}
+
+function stringValue(value: unknown) {
+  return value == null ? "" : String(value)
+}
+
+function numberValue(value: unknown) {
+  return Number(value ?? 0)
+}
+
+function dateValue(value: unknown) {
+  return value instanceof Date ? value : new Date(stringValue(value))
+}
 
 function buildStatsHomeData(
   modelRows: ModelStatMetric[],
@@ -200,6 +299,18 @@ function buildStatsHomeData(
         ),
       ),
     ),
+    users: createUsageProductRecord((product) =>
+      createRangeRecord((range) =>
+        buildUsagePoints(
+          normalized,
+          product,
+          range,
+          getWindow(range, earliest, latest),
+          getWindow("1W", earliest, latest),
+          "users",
+        ),
+      ),
+    ),
     leaderboard: createUsageProductRecord((product) =>
       createRangeRecord((range) => buildLeaderboard(normalized, product, getWindow("1W", earliest, latest))),
     ),
@@ -248,15 +359,15 @@ function buildStatsModelData(
   )
     .filter((item) => item.totalTokens > 0)
     .toSorted((a, b) => b.totalTokens - a.totalTokens || a.model.localeCompare(b.model))
-  const peers = aggregateByModelName(rowsForProduct(normalized, SITE_PRODUCT, window.start, window.end))
+  const windowPeers = aggregateByModelName(rowsForProduct(normalized, SITE_PRODUCT, window.start, window.end))
     .filter((item) => item.totalTokens > 0)
     .toSorted((a, b) => b.totalTokens - a.totalTokens || a.model.localeCompare(b.model))
   const rankIndex = rankPeers.findIndex((item) => item.model === model)
   const rank = rankIndex >= 0 ? rankIndex + 1 : null
   const previousRankIndex = previousRankPeers.findIndex((item) => item.model === model)
-  const peerRankIndex = peers.findIndex((item) => item.model === model)
-  const peerRank = peerRankIndex >= 0 ? peerRankIndex + 1 : 1
-  const totalTokens = peers.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.totalTokens, 0)
+  const peerRank = rankIndex >= 0 ? rankIndex + 1 : 1
+  const totalTokens = windowPeers.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.totalTokens, 0)
+  const peerTokens = rankPeers.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.totalTokens, 0)
 
   return {
     updatedAt: Number.isFinite(latestUpdate) ? new Date(latestUpdate).toISOString() : null,
@@ -266,11 +377,12 @@ function buildStatsModelData(
     author: formatProvider(current.provider),
     rank,
     previousRank: previousRankIndex >= 0 ? previousRankIndex + 1 : null,
-    totalModels: peers.length,
+    totalModels: windowPeers.length,
     tokenShare: totalTokens > 0 ? round((current.totalTokens / totalTokens) * 100, 2) : 0,
     tokenChange: percentChange(current.totalTokens, previous.totalTokens),
     totals: {
       sessions: current.sessions,
+      uniqueUsers: current.uniqueUsers,
       tokens: current.totalTokens,
       cost: round(microcentsToDollars(current.totalCostMicrocents), 2),
       tokensPerSession: current.sessions > 0 ? Math.round(current.totalTokens / current.sessions) : 0,
@@ -285,7 +397,7 @@ function buildStatsModelData(
     usage: buildModelUsage(currentRows, window, "2M"),
     tokenMix: buildModelTokenMix(current),
     country: createRangeRecord((range) => buildCountryStats(geo, getWindow(range, earliest, latest))),
-    peers: buildModelPeers(peers, peerRank, totalTokens),
+    peers: buildModelPeers(rankPeers, peerRank, peerTokens),
   }
 }
 
@@ -340,6 +452,7 @@ function emptyStatsHomeData(): StatsHomeData {
   return {
     updatedAt: null,
     usage: createUsageProductRecord(() => createRangeRecord(() => [])),
+    users: createUsageProductRecord(() => createRangeRecord(() => [])),
     leaderboard: createUsageProductRecord(() => createRangeRecord(() => [])),
     market: createRangeRecord(() => []),
     tokenCost: createTokenProductRecord(() => []),
@@ -355,28 +468,39 @@ function buildUsagePoints(
   range: UsageRange,
   window: DateWindow,
   rankWindow: DateWindow,
+  metric: "tokens" | "users" = "tokens",
 ) {
   const modelOrder = aggregateByModelName(rowsForProduct(rows, product, rankWindow.start, rankWindow.end))
-    .toSorted((a, b) => b.totalTokens - a.totalTokens)
+    .toSorted((a, b) => modelUsageValue(b, metric) - modelUsageValue(a, metric))
     .slice(0, TOP_MODEL_SEGMENT_LIMIT)
     .map((item) => item.model)
 
   return createBuckets(window, range).map((bucket) => {
     const bucketRows = aggregateByModelName(rowsForProduct(rows, product, bucket.start, bucket.end))
-    const byModel = new Map(bucketRows.map((item) => [item.model, item.totalTokens]))
-    const segmentTokens = modelOrder.map((model) => ({ model, tokens: byModel.get(model) ?? 0 }))
-    const knownTokens = segmentTokens.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.tokens, 0)
-    const totalTokens = bucketRows.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.totalTokens, 0)
+    const byModel = new Map(bucketRows.map((item) => [item.model, modelUsageValue(item, metric)]))
+    const segments = modelOrder.map((model) => ({ model, value: byModel.get(model) ?? 0 }))
+    const knownValue = segments.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.value, 0)
+    const totalValue = bucketRows.reduce((sum, item) => sum + modelUsageValue(item, metric), 0)
     return {
       date: bucket.label,
       segments: [
-        ...segmentTokens.map((item) => ({ model: item.model, value: round(item.tokens / 1_000_000_000_000, 4) })),
-        { model: "Other", value: round(Math.max(totalTokens - knownTokens, 0) / 1_000_000_000_000, 4) },
+        ...segments.map((item) => ({ model: item.model, value: usagePointValue(item.value, metric) })),
+        { model: "Other", value: usagePointValue(Math.max(totalValue - knownValue, 0), metric) },
       ],
     }
   })
 }
 
+function modelUsageValue(item: ModelAggregate, metric: "tokens" | "users") {
+  if (metric === "users") return item.uniqueUsers
+  return item.totalTokens
+}
+
+function usagePointValue(value: number, metric: "tokens" | "users") {
+  if (metric === "users") return value
+  return round(value / 1_000_000_000_000, 4)
+}
+
 function buildLeaderboard(rows: StatMetricRow[], product: UsageProduct, rankWindow: DateWindow) {
   const previous = new Map(
     aggregateByModelName(rowsForProduct(rows, product, rankWindow.previousStart, rankWindow.previousEnd)).map(
@@ -414,11 +538,11 @@ function buildMarketShare(rows: ProviderMetricRow[], product: UsageProduct, rang
     return [
       {
         date: bucket.label,
-        total: round(totalTokens / 1_000_000_000_000, 2),
+        total: round(totalTokens / 1_000_000_000_000, 6),
         authors: withOther.map((item) => ({
           author: item.provider === "Other" ? "Other" : formatProvider(item.provider),
           share: round((item.tokens / totalTokens) * 100, 1),
-          tokens: round(item.tokens / 1_000_000_000_000, 2),
+          tokens: round(item.tokens / 1_000_000_000_000, 6),
         })),
       },
     ]
@@ -502,6 +626,7 @@ function buildModelUsage(rows: StatMetricRow[], window: DateWindow, range: Usage
     return {
       date: bucket.label,
       tokens: aggregate.totalTokens,
+      users: aggregate.uniqueUsers,
       sessions: aggregate.sessions,
       cost: round(microcentsToDollars(aggregate.totalCostMicrocents), 2),
     }
@@ -601,6 +726,7 @@ function combineRowsForModel(model: string, rows: StatMetricRow[]): ModelAggrega
     model,
     provider: "unknown",
     sessions: 0,
+    uniqueUsers: 0,
     inputTokens: 0,
     outputTokens: 0,
     reasoningTokens: 0,
@@ -617,6 +743,7 @@ function combineModelAggregate(current: ModelAggregate | undefined, row: StatMet
     model: row.model,
     provider: row.provider,
     sessions: (current?.sessions ?? 0) + row.sessions,
+    uniqueUsers: (current?.uniqueUsers ?? 0) + row.uniqueUsers,
     inputTokens: (current?.inputTokens ?? 0) + row.inputTokens,
     outputTokens: (current?.outputTokens ?? 0) + row.outputTokens,
     reasoningTokens: (current?.reasoningTokens ?? 0) + row.reasoningTokens,
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/inference.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/inference.ts
index 9a74daf958e..3fc97aba339 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/inference.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/inference.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ export type StatDimension = "model" | "provider" | "geo" | "geo_model"
 export function buildStatsQuery(periodStart: Date, periodEnd: Date, dimension: StatDimension) {
   const periodStartValue = sqlString(periodStart.toISOString())
   const periodEndValue = sqlString(periodEnd.toISOString())
+  const periodStartDateValue = sqlString(periodStart.toISOString().slice(0, 10))
+  const periodEndDateValue = sqlString(periodEnd.toISOString().slice(0, 10))
   const sourceTable = [Resource.InferenceEvent.catalog, Resource.InferenceEvent.database, Resource.InferenceEvent.table]
     .map(sqlIdentifier)
     .join(".")
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ export function buildStatsQuery(periodStart: Date, periodEnd: Date, dimension: S
   const aggregateColumns = `
     COUNT(DISTINCT session) AS sessions,
     COUNT(*) AS requests,
+    COUNT(DISTINCT user_key) AS unique_users,
     COALESCE(SUM(tokens_input), 0) AS input_tokens,
     COALESCE(SUM(tokens_output), 0) AS output_tokens,
     COALESCE(SUM(tokens_reasoning), 0) AS reasoning_tokens,
@@ -70,6 +73,8 @@ WITH normalized AS (
     UPPER(COALESCE(NULLIF(cf_country, ''), 'ZZ')) AS country,
     COALESCE(NULLIF(cf_continent, ''), '') AS continent,
     session,
+    COALESCE(NULLIF(workspace, ''), '') AS workspace,
+    COALESCE(NULLIF(api_key, ''), '') AS api_key,
     status,
     duration AS duration_ms,
     time_to_first_byte AS ttfb_ms,
@@ -92,6 +97,9 @@ WITH normalized AS (
   WHERE event_type = 'completions'
     AND model IS NOT NULL
     AND model <> ''
+    AND source = 'lite'
+    AND event_date >= ${periodStartDateValue}
+    AND event_date <= ${periodEndDateValue}
     AND event_timestamp >= ${periodStartValue}
     AND event_timestamp < ${periodEndValue}
 ), filtered AS (
@@ -108,6 +116,7 @@ WITH normalized AS (
     country,
     continent,
     session,
+    COALESCE(NULLIF(workspace, ''), NULLIF(api_key, '')) AS user_key,
     status,
     duration_ms,
     ttfb_ms,
@@ -197,6 +206,7 @@ function toStatBaseAggregate(data: AthenaData): StatBaseAggregate[] {
       tier: normalizeTier(data.tier || "unknown"),
       sessions: integer(data, "sessions"),
       requests: integer(data, "requests"),
+      unique_users: integer(data, "unique_users"),
       input_tokens: integer(data, "input_tokens"),
       output_tokens: integer(data, "output_tokens"),
       reasoning_tokens: integer(data, "reasoning_tokens"),
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/model.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/model.ts
index 0d40a51c501..5cdee912b76 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/model.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/model.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import {
   chunks,
   collapseRows,
   inserted,
+  isMissingUniqueUsersColumn,
+  omitUniqueUsers,
   rankBy,
   statPeriodKey,
   statRowScope,
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ export type ModelStatMetric = {
   provider: string
   model: string
   sessions: number
+  uniqueUsers: number
   inputTokens: number
   outputTokens: number
   reasoningTokens: number
@@ -55,34 +58,55 @@ export class ModelStatRepo extends Context.Service<ModelStatRepo, ModelStatRepo.
 
       const listDaily = Effect.fn("ModelStatRepo.listDaily")(function* () {
         return yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-          try: () =>
-            db
-              .select({
-                periodKey: modelStat.period_key,
-                updatedAt: modelStat.updated_at,
-                tier: modelStat.tier,
-                provider: modelStat.provider,
-                model: modelStat.model,
-                sessions: modelStat.sessions,
-                inputTokens: modelStat.input_tokens,
-                outputTokens: modelStat.output_tokens,
-                reasoningTokens: modelStat.reasoning_tokens,
-                cacheReadTokens: modelStat.cache_read_tokens,
-                totalTokens: modelStat.total_tokens,
-                inputCostMicrocents: modelStat.input_cost_microcents,
-                outputCostMicrocents: modelStat.output_cost_microcents,
-                totalCostMicrocents: modelStat.total_cost_microcents,
-              })
-              .from(modelStat)
-              .where(
-                and(
-                  eq(modelStat.grain, "day"),
-                  eq(modelStat.client, "all"),
-                  eq(modelStat.source, "all"),
-                  inArray(modelStat.tier, ["Go", "go"]),
-                ),
-              )
-              .orderBy(asc(modelStat.period_key)),
+          try: async () => {
+            try {
+              return await db
+                .select({
+                  periodKey: modelStat.period_key,
+                  updatedAt: modelStat.updated_at,
+                  tier: modelStat.tier,
+                  provider: modelStat.provider,
+                  model: modelStat.model,
+                  sessions: modelStat.sessions,
+                  uniqueUsers: modelStat.unique_users,
+                  inputTokens: modelStat.input_tokens,
+                  outputTokens: modelStat.output_tokens,
+                  reasoningTokens: modelStat.reasoning_tokens,
+                  cacheReadTokens: modelStat.cache_read_tokens,
+                  totalTokens: modelStat.total_tokens,
+                  inputCostMicrocents: modelStat.input_cost_microcents,
+                  outputCostMicrocents: modelStat.output_cost_microcents,
+                  totalCostMicrocents: modelStat.total_cost_microcents,
+                })
+                .from(modelStat)
+                .where(modelDailyScope())
+                .orderBy(asc(modelStat.period_key))
+            } catch (cause) {
+              if (!isMissingUniqueUsersColumn(cause)) throw cause
+              return (
+                await db
+                  .select({
+                    periodKey: modelStat.period_key,
+                    updatedAt: modelStat.updated_at,
+                    tier: modelStat.tier,
+                    provider: modelStat.provider,
+                    model: modelStat.model,
+                    sessions: modelStat.sessions,
+                    inputTokens: modelStat.input_tokens,
+                    outputTokens: modelStat.output_tokens,
+                    reasoningTokens: modelStat.reasoning_tokens,
+                    cacheReadTokens: modelStat.cache_read_tokens,
+                    totalTokens: modelStat.total_tokens,
+                    inputCostMicrocents: modelStat.input_cost_microcents,
+                    outputCostMicrocents: modelStat.output_cost_microcents,
+                    totalCostMicrocents: modelStat.total_cost_microcents,
+                  })
+                  .from(modelStat)
+                  .where(modelDailyScope())
+                  .orderBy(asc(modelStat.period_key))
+              ).map((row) => ({ ...row, uniqueUsers: 0 }))
+            }
+          },
           catch: (cause) => DatabaseError.make({ cause }),
         })
       })
@@ -92,44 +116,55 @@ export class ModelStatRepo extends Context.Service<ModelStatRepo, ModelStatRepo.
           chunks(rows, UPSERT_CHUNK_SIZE),
           (chunk) =>
             Effect.tryPromise({
-              try: () =>
-                db
-                  .insert(modelStat)
-                  .values(chunk)
-                  .onDuplicateKeyUpdate({
-                    set: {
-                      provider_model: inserted("provider_model"),
-                      sessions: inserted("sessions"),
-                      requests: inserted("requests"),
-                      input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
-                      output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
-                      reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
-                      cache_read_tokens: inserted("cache_read_tokens"),
-                      total_tokens: inserted("total_tokens"),
-                      input_cost_microcents: inserted("input_cost_microcents"),
-                      output_cost_microcents: inserted("output_cost_microcents"),
-                      total_cost_microcents: inserted("total_cost_microcents"),
-                      avg_duration_ms: inserted("avg_duration_ms"),
-                      p50_duration_ms: inserted("p50_duration_ms"),
-                      p95_duration_ms: inserted("p95_duration_ms"),
-                      avg_ttfb_ms: inserted("avg_ttfb_ms"),
-                      p50_ttfb_ms: inserted("p50_ttfb_ms"),
-                      p95_ttfb_ms: inserted("p95_ttfb_ms"),
-                      avg_output_tps: inserted("avg_output_tps"),
-                      success_count: inserted("success_count"),
-                      error_count: inserted("error_count"),
-                      sample_count: inserted("sample_count"),
-                      rank_by_tokens: inserted("rank_by_tokens"),
-                      rank_by_requests: inserted("rank_by_requests"),
-                      rank_by_cost: inserted("rank_by_cost"),
-                    },
-                  }),
+              try: async () => {
+                try {
+                  return await upsertModelChunk(chunk, true)
+                } catch (cause) {
+                  if (!isMissingUniqueUsersColumn(cause)) throw cause
+                  return upsertModelChunk(chunk, false)
+                }
+              },
               catch: (cause) => DatabaseError.make({ cause }),
             }),
           { discard: true },
         )
       })
 
+      function upsertModelChunk(chunk: ModelStatRow[], includeUniqueUsers: boolean) {
+        return db
+          .insert(modelStat)
+          .values(includeUniqueUsers ? chunk : omitUniqueUsers(chunk))
+          .onDuplicateKeyUpdate({
+            set: {
+              provider_model: inserted("provider_model"),
+              sessions: inserted("sessions"),
+              requests: inserted("requests"),
+              ...(includeUniqueUsers ? { unique_users: inserted("unique_users") } : {}),
+              input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
+              output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
+              reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
+              cache_read_tokens: inserted("cache_read_tokens"),
+              total_tokens: inserted("total_tokens"),
+              input_cost_microcents: inserted("input_cost_microcents"),
+              output_cost_microcents: inserted("output_cost_microcents"),
+              total_cost_microcents: inserted("total_cost_microcents"),
+              avg_duration_ms: inserted("avg_duration_ms"),
+              p50_duration_ms: inserted("p50_duration_ms"),
+              p95_duration_ms: inserted("p95_duration_ms"),
+              avg_ttfb_ms: inserted("avg_ttfb_ms"),
+              p50_ttfb_ms: inserted("p50_ttfb_ms"),
+              p95_ttfb_ms: inserted("p95_ttfb_ms"),
+              avg_output_tps: inserted("avg_output_tps"),
+              success_count: inserted("success_count"),
+              error_count: inserted("error_count"),
+              sample_count: inserted("sample_count"),
+              rank_by_tokens: inserted("rank_by_tokens"),
+              rank_by_requests: inserted("rank_by_requests"),
+              rank_by_cost: inserted("rank_by_cost"),
+            },
+          })
+      }
+
       const deleteRetiredDimensions = Effect.fn("ModelStatRepo.deleteRetiredDimensions")(function* (
         rows: ModelStatRow[],
       ) {
@@ -162,6 +197,15 @@ export class ModelStatRepo extends Context.Service<ModelStatRepo, ModelStatRepo.
   )
 }
 
+function modelDailyScope() {
+  return and(
+    eq(modelStat.grain, "day"),
+    eq(modelStat.client, "all"),
+    eq(modelStat.source, "all"),
+    inArray(modelStat.tier, ["Go", "go"]),
+  )
+}
+
 export function rowsFromAggregates(aggregates: ModelStatAggregate[]) {
   return rankRows([
     ...synthesizeAllTierRows(
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/provider.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/provider.ts
index 4875d11c1f9..1b177e8e830 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/provider.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/provider.ts
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import {
   chunks,
   collapseRows,
   inserted,
+  isMissingUniqueUsersColumn,
+  omitUniqueUsers,
   rankRowsWithMarketShare,
   statRowScope,
   synthesizeAllTierRows,
@@ -107,47 +109,58 @@ export class ProviderStatRepo extends Context.Service<ProviderStatRepo, Provider
           chunks(rows, UPSERT_CHUNK_SIZE),
           (chunk) =>
             Effect.tryPromise({
-              try: () =>
-                db
-                  .insert(providerStat)
-                  .values(chunk)
-                  .onDuplicateKeyUpdate({
-                    set: {
-                      sessions: inserted("sessions"),
-                      requests: inserted("requests"),
-                      input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
-                      output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
-                      reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
-                      cache_read_tokens: inserted("cache_read_tokens"),
-                      total_tokens: inserted("total_tokens"),
-                      input_cost_microcents: inserted("input_cost_microcents"),
-                      output_cost_microcents: inserted("output_cost_microcents"),
-                      total_cost_microcents: inserted("total_cost_microcents"),
-                      avg_duration_ms: inserted("avg_duration_ms"),
-                      p50_duration_ms: inserted("p50_duration_ms"),
-                      p95_duration_ms: inserted("p95_duration_ms"),
-                      avg_ttfb_ms: inserted("avg_ttfb_ms"),
-                      p50_ttfb_ms: inserted("p50_ttfb_ms"),
-                      p95_ttfb_ms: inserted("p95_ttfb_ms"),
-                      avg_output_tps: inserted("avg_output_tps"),
-                      success_count: inserted("success_count"),
-                      error_count: inserted("error_count"),
-                      sample_count: inserted("sample_count"),
-                      market_share_tokens: inserted("market_share_tokens"),
-                      market_share_requests: inserted("market_share_requests"),
-                      market_share_sessions: inserted("market_share_sessions"),
-                      rank_by_tokens: inserted("rank_by_tokens"),
-                      rank_by_requests: inserted("rank_by_requests"),
-                      rank_by_sessions: inserted("rank_by_sessions"),
-                      rank_by_cost: inserted("rank_by_cost"),
-                    },
-                  }),
+              try: async () => {
+                try {
+                  return await upsertProviderChunk(chunk, true)
+                } catch (cause) {
+                  if (!isMissingUniqueUsersColumn(cause)) throw cause
+                  return upsertProviderChunk(chunk, false)
+                }
+              },
               catch: (cause) => DatabaseError.make({ cause }),
             }),
           { discard: true },
         )
       })
 
+      function upsertProviderChunk(chunk: ProviderStatRow[], includeUniqueUsers: boolean) {
+        return db
+          .insert(providerStat)
+          .values(includeUniqueUsers ? chunk : omitUniqueUsers(chunk))
+          .onDuplicateKeyUpdate({
+            set: {
+              sessions: inserted("sessions"),
+              requests: inserted("requests"),
+              ...(includeUniqueUsers ? { unique_users: inserted("unique_users") } : {}),
+              input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
+              output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
+              reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
+              cache_read_tokens: inserted("cache_read_tokens"),
+              total_tokens: inserted("total_tokens"),
+              input_cost_microcents: inserted("input_cost_microcents"),
+              output_cost_microcents: inserted("output_cost_microcents"),
+              total_cost_microcents: inserted("total_cost_microcents"),
+              avg_duration_ms: inserted("avg_duration_ms"),
+              p50_duration_ms: inserted("p50_duration_ms"),
+              p95_duration_ms: inserted("p95_duration_ms"),
+              avg_ttfb_ms: inserted("avg_ttfb_ms"),
+              p50_ttfb_ms: inserted("p50_ttfb_ms"),
+              p95_ttfb_ms: inserted("p95_ttfb_ms"),
+              avg_output_tps: inserted("avg_output_tps"),
+              success_count: inserted("success_count"),
+              error_count: inserted("error_count"),
+              sample_count: inserted("sample_count"),
+              market_share_tokens: inserted("market_share_tokens"),
+              market_share_requests: inserted("market_share_requests"),
+              market_share_sessions: inserted("market_share_sessions"),
+              rank_by_tokens: inserted("rank_by_tokens"),
+              rank_by_requests: inserted("rank_by_requests"),
+              rank_by_sessions: inserted("rank_by_sessions"),
+              rank_by_cost: inserted("rank_by_cost"),
+            },
+          })
+      }
+
       const deleteRetiredDimensions = Effect.fn("ProviderStatRepo.deleteRetiredDimensions")(function* (
         rows: ProviderStatRow[],
       ) {
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/stat.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/stat.ts
index de16fc2b1ce..553c91b9a50 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/domain/stat.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/domain/stat.ts
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export type StatBaseAggregate = {
   tier: string
   sessions: number
   requests: number
+  unique_users: number
   input_tokens: number
   output_tokens: number
   reasoning_tokens: number
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ export type StatBaseRow = {
   source?: string
   sessions?: number
   requests?: number
+  unique_users?: number
   input_tokens?: number
   output_tokens?: number
   reasoning_tokens?: number
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ export function toStatBaseRow(data: StatBaseAggregate) {
     source: "all",
     sessions: data.sessions,
     requests: data.requests,
+    unique_users: data.unique_users,
     input_tokens: data.input_tokens,
     output_tokens: data.output_tokens,
     reasoning_tokens: data.reasoning_tokens,
@@ -122,6 +125,7 @@ export function combineRows<T extends StatBaseRow>(left: T, right: T): T {
     ...left,
     sessions: (left.sessions ?? 0) + (right.sessions ?? 0),
     requests: (left.requests ?? 0) + (right.requests ?? 0),
+    unique_users: (left.unique_users ?? 0) + (right.unique_users ?? 0),
     input_tokens: (left.input_tokens ?? 0) + (right.input_tokens ?? 0),
     output_tokens: (left.output_tokens ?? 0) + (right.output_tokens ?? 0),
     reasoning_tokens: (left.reasoning_tokens ?? 0) + (right.reasoning_tokens ?? 0),
@@ -143,6 +147,18 @@ export function combineRows<T extends StatBaseRow>(left: T, right: T): T {
   }
 }
 
+export function isMissingUniqueUsersColumn(cause: unknown): boolean {
+  return errorText(cause).includes("Unknown column 'unique_users'")
+}
+
+export function omitUniqueUsers<T extends { unique_users?: number }>(rows: T[]) {
+  return rows.map((row) => {
+    const result = { ...row }
+    delete result.unique_users
+    return result
+  })
+}
+
 export function statPeriodKey(row: StatBaseRow) {
   return [row.grain, row.period_key, row.dataset, row.tier, row.client, row.source].join("\u0000")
 }
@@ -238,6 +254,15 @@ export function inserted(column: string) {
   return sql.raw(`values(\`${column}\`)`)
 }
 
+function errorText(cause: unknown): string {
+  if (cause instanceof Error) return `${cause.message} ${errorText((cause as { cause?: unknown }).cause)}`
+  if (typeof cause === "object" && cause)
+    return Object.values(cause as Record<string, unknown>)
+      .map(errorText)
+      .join(" ")
+  return String(cause)
+}
+
 export function weightedAverage(
   left: number | null | undefined,
   leftWeight = 0,
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/ensure-unique-users.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/ensure-unique-users.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0786476281e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/ensure-unique-users.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import { Client } from "@planetscale/database"
+import { Resource } from "sst/resource"
+
+const tables = ["geo_stat", "model_stat", "provider_stat"] as const
+const checkOnly = process.argv.includes("--check")
+
+const client = new Client({ url: databaseUrl() })
+
+const missing = await tables.reduce<Promise<(typeof tables)[number][]>>(async (promise, table) => {
+  const result = await promise
+  if (await hasUniqueUsersColumn(table)) {
+    console.log(`unique_users column already exists on ${table}`)
+    return result
+  }
+  return [...result, table]
+}, Promise.resolve([]))
+
+if (missing.length === 0) {
+  console.log("unique_users columns complete")
+  process.exit(0)
+}
+
+if (checkOnly) {
+  console.log(`unique_users columns missing on ${missing.join(", ")}`)
+  process.exit(1)
+}
+
+await missing.reduce((promise, table) => promise.then(() => addUniqueUsersColumn(table)), Promise.resolve())
+
+function databaseUrl() {
+  if (
+    process.env.PLANETSCALE_HOST &&
+    process.env.PLANETSCALE_USERNAME &&
+    process.env.PLANETSCALE_PASSWORD &&
+    process.env.PLANETSCALE_DATABASE
+  )
+    return `mysql://${encodeURIComponent(process.env.PLANETSCALE_USERNAME)}:${encodeURIComponent(
+      process.env.PLANETSCALE_PASSWORD,
+    )}@${process.env.PLANETSCALE_HOST}/${process.env.PLANETSCALE_DATABASE}?ssl=${encodeURIComponent(
+      JSON.stringify({ rejectUnauthorized: true }),
+    )}`
+
+  return process.env.DATABASE_URL ?? Resource.StatsDatabase.url
+}
+
+async function hasUniqueUsersColumn(table: (typeof tables)[number]) {
+  const result = await client.execute<{ column_name: string }>(
+    "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_schema = database() AND table_name = ? AND column_name = 'unique_users'",
+    [table],
+  )
+
+  return result.rows.length > 0
+}
+
+async function addUniqueUsersColumn(table: (typeof tables)[number]) {
+  await client.execute(`ALTER TABLE \`${table}\` ADD \`unique_users\` bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT 0`)
+  console.log(`added unique_users column to ${table}`)
+}
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/honeycomb-backfill.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/honeycomb-backfill.ts
index 72f9c874eb9..5a2b25fa4c7 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/honeycomb-backfill.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/honeycomb-backfill.ts
@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@ function metricQuery(breakdowns: string[], limit: number, filters: ReturnType<ty
     calculations: [
       { op: "COUNT_DISTINCT", column: "session" },
       { op: "COUNT" },
+      { op: "COUNT_DISTINCT", column: "workspace" },
       { op: "SUM", column: "tokens.input" },
       { op: "SUM", column: "tokens.output" },
       { op: "SUM", column: "tokens.reasoning" },
@@ -374,9 +375,15 @@ function classifyRows(file: string, rows: RawRow[]): ImportKey {
 }
 
 function hasMetricHeaders(headers: Set<string>) {
-  return ["sumtokens", "sumtokensinput", "inputtokens", "totaltokens", "avgduration", "countdistinctsession"].some(
-    (header) => headers.has(header),
-  )
+  return [
+    "sumtokens",
+    "sumtokensinput",
+    "inputtokens",
+    "totaltokens",
+    "avgduration",
+    "countdistinctsession",
+    "countdistinctworkspace",
+  ].some((header) => headers.has(header))
 }
 
 function hasHeader(headers: Set<string>, names: string[]) {
@@ -447,6 +454,7 @@ function baseAggregate(row: RawRow, grain: Grain, opts: ImportOptions): StatBase
     tier: tier(row),
     sessions: integer(row, "sessions", ["COUNT_DISTINCT(session)"]),
     requests: integer(row, "requests", ["COUNT", "COUNT()"]),
+    unique_users: integer(row, "unique_users", ["COUNT_DISTINCT(workspace)", "COUNT_DISTINCT(api_key)"]),
     input_tokens: integer(row, "input_tokens", ["SUM(tokens.input)", "SUM(tokens_input)"]),
     output_tokens: integer(row, "output_tokens", ["SUM(tokens.output)", "SUM(tokens_output)"]),
     reasoning_tokens: integer(row, "reasoning_tokens", ["SUM(tokens.reasoning)", "SUM(tokens_reasoning)"]),
@@ -808,6 +816,7 @@ async function upsertModelRows(db: ReturnType<typeof drizzle>, rows: ModelStatRo
           provider_model: inserted("provider_model"),
           sessions: inserted("sessions"),
           requests: inserted("requests"),
+          unique_users: inserted("unique_users"),
           input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
           output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
           reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
@@ -845,6 +854,7 @@ async function upsertProviderRows(db: ReturnType<typeof drizzle>, rows: Provider
         set: {
           sessions: inserted("sessions"),
           requests: inserted("requests"),
+          unique_users: inserted("unique_users"),
           input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
           output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
           reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
@@ -887,6 +897,7 @@ async function upsertGeoRows(db: ReturnType<typeof drizzle>, rows: GeoStatRow[],
           continent: inserted("continent"),
           sessions: inserted("sessions"),
           requests: inserted("requests"),
+          unique_users: inserted("unique_users"),
           input_tokens: inserted("input_tokens"),
           output_tokens: inserted("output_tokens"),
           reasoning_tokens: inserted("reasoning_tokens"),
diff --git a/packages/stats/core/src/stat-sync.ts b/packages/stats/core/src/stat-sync.ts
index df0a317d6cf..86e5ded7deb 100644
--- a/packages/stats/core/src/stat-sync.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/core/src/stat-sync.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { startOfIsoWeek } from "./domain/stat"
 const DATALAKE_INGESTION_LAG_MS = 5 * 60_000
 const STATS_DATA_START_MS = new Date("2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z").getTime()
 const WEEK_MS = 7 * 86_400_000
+const DISPLAY_WINDOW_MS = 56 * 86_400_000
 
 export type SyncStatsResult = { ok: true; rows: number; startedAt: string; periodStart: string; periodEnd: string }
 export type SyncStatsError = AthenaQueryError | AthenaQueryTimeoutError | DatabaseError
@@ -23,7 +24,12 @@ export const syncStats: () => Effect.Effect<
   const startedAt = yield* DateTime.nowAsDate
   const periodEnd = new Date(Math.floor((startedAt.getTime() - DATALAKE_INGESTION_LAG_MS) / 60_000) * 60_000)
   // May 27 was partial, so keep Athena stats anchored at the first complete day.
-  const periodStart = new Date(Math.max(startOfIsoWeek(periodEnd).getTime() - WEEK_MS, STATS_DATA_START_MS))
+  const periodStart = new Date(
+    Math.max(
+      Math.min(startOfIsoWeek(periodEnd).getTime() - WEEK_MS, periodEnd.getTime() - DISPLAY_WINDOW_MS),
+      STATS_DATA_START_MS,
+    ),
+  )
   const athena = yield* Athena
   const modelStats = yield* ModelStatRepo
   const providerStats = yield* ProviderStatRepo
diff --git a/packages/stats/server/package.json b/packages/stats/server/package.json
index a53b24236b4..c10273a3a0d 100644
--- a/packages/stats/server/package.json
+++ b/packages/stats/server/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/stats-server",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/stats/server/src/ingest.ts b/packages/stats/server/src/ingest.ts
index 62972e30fab..eda662d9896 100644
--- a/packages/stats/server/src/ingest.ts
+++ b/packages/stats/server/src/ingest.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Buffer } from "node:buffer"
 import { FirehoseClient, PutRecordBatchCommand } from "@aws-sdk/client-firehose"
-import { Effect, Layer, Schema } from "effect"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
 import * as Context from "effect/Context"
 import { Resource } from "sst/resource"
 
@@ -12,11 +12,16 @@ type IngestEvent = Record<string, unknown>
 type LakeRoute = { database: string; table: string }
 type FirehoseRecord = { Data: Uint8Array }
 
-export class IngestError extends Schema.TaggedErrorClass<IngestError>()("IngestError", {
-  message: Schema.String,
-  failed: Schema.Number,
-  cause: Schema.optional(Schema.Defect),
-}) {}
+export class IngestError extends Error {
+  readonly _tag = "IngestError"
+  readonly failed: number
+
+  constructor(input: { message: string; failed: number; cause?: unknown }) {
+    super(input.message, { cause: input.cause })
+    this.name = "IngestError"
+    this.failed = input.failed
+  }
+}
 
 export declare namespace Ingest {
   export interface Service {
@@ -37,10 +42,12 @@ export class Ingest extends Context.Service<Ingest, Ingest.Service>()("@opencode
           yield* Effect.logWarning(
             `lake ingest rejected ${JSON.stringify({ records: counts.records, unsupported: counts.unsupported })}`,
           )
-          return yield* new IngestError({
-            message: "Unsupported lake event type",
-            failed: counts.unsupported,
-          })
+          return yield* Effect.fail(
+            new IngestError({
+              message: "Unsupported lake event type",
+              failed: counts.unsupported,
+            }),
+          )
         }
         if (counts.records === 0) return { records: 0 }
 
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@ export class Ingest extends Context.Service<Ingest, Ingest.Service>()("@opencode
 
         if (failed > 0) {
           yield* Effect.logWarning(`lake ingest incomplete ${JSON.stringify({ records: counts.records, failed })}`)
-          return yield* new IngestError({ message: "Failed to ingest all lake records", failed })
+          return yield* Effect.fail(new IngestError({ message: "Failed to ingest all lake records", failed }))
         }
 
         yield* Effect.logInfo(`lake ingest complete ${JSON.stringify({ records: counts.records, batches })}`)
diff --git a/packages/tui/package.json b/packages/tui/package.json
index be0ddbfe416..aa6b6c70f04 100644
--- a/packages/tui/package.json
+++ b/packages/tui/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/package.json",
   "name": "@opencode-ai/tui",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/app.tsx b/packages/tui/src/app.tsx
index 17a9a554c2e..39aa35993f7 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/app.tsx
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import { SDKProvider, useSDK } from "./context/sdk"
 import { StartupLoading } from "./component/startup-loading"
 import { SyncProvider, useSync } from "./context/sync"
 import { DataProvider } from "./context/data"
+import { LocationProvider } from "./context/location"
 import { LocalProvider, useLocal } from "./context/local"
 import { DialogModel } from "./component/dialog-model"
 import { useConnected } from "./component/use-connected"
@@ -303,10 +304,12 @@ export const run = Effect.fn("Tui.run")(function* (input: TuiInput) {
                                                           <PromptHistoryProvider>
                                                             <PromptRefProvider>
                                                               <EditorContextProvider>
-                                                                <App
-                                                                  onSnapshot={input.onSnapshot}
-                                                                  pluginHost={input.pluginHost}
-                                                                />
+                                                                <LocationProvider>
+                                                                  <App
+                                                                    onSnapshot={input.onSnapshot}
+                                                                    pluginHost={input.pluginHost}
+                                                                  />
+                                                                </LocationProvider>
                                                               </EditorContextProvider>
                                                             </PromptRefProvider>
                                                           </PromptHistoryProvider>
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-console-org.tsx b/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-console-org.tsx
index ec3f8bea54d..1305a965cbf 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-console-org.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-console-org.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-import { createResource, createMemo } from "solid-js"
+import { createResource, createMemo, createSignal } from "solid-js"
+import { TextAttributes } from "@opentui/core"
 import { DialogSelect } from "../ui/dialog-select"
 import { useSDK } from "../context/sdk"
 import { useDialog } from "../ui/dialog"
 import { useToast } from "../ui/toast"
 import { useTheme } from "../context/theme"
+import { errorMessage } from "../util/error"
 import type { ExperimentalConsoleListOrgsResponse } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 
 type OrgOption = ExperimentalConsoleListOrgsResponse["orgs"][number]
@@ -25,14 +27,26 @@ export function DialogConsoleOrg() {
   const toast = useToast()
   const { theme } = useTheme()
 
-  const [orgs] = createResource(async () => {
-    const result = await sdk.client.experimental.console.listOrgs({}, { throwOnError: true })
-    return result.data?.orgs ?? []
-  })
+  const [loadError, setLoadError] = createSignal<unknown>()
+
+  const [orgs] = createResource(() =>
+    sdk.client.experimental.console
+      .listOrgs({}, { throwOnError: true })
+      .then((result) => result.data?.orgs ?? [])
+      // Catch so the rejected resource never reaches the memos below: reading
+      // orgs() in an errored state re-throws and tears down the dialog.
+      .catch((error) => {
+        setLoadError(error)
+        return undefined
+      }),
+  )
+
+  const showError = createMemo(() => Boolean(loadError()))
 
   const current = createMemo(() => orgs()?.find((item) => item.active))
 
   const options = createMemo(() => {
+    if (showError()) return []
     const listed = orgs()
     if (listed === undefined) {
       return [
@@ -99,5 +113,23 @@ export function DialogConsoleOrg() {
       }))
   })
 
-  return <DialogSelect<string | OrgOption> title="Switch org" options={options()} current={current()} />
+  return (
+    <DialogSelect<string | OrgOption>
+      title="Switch org"
+      options={options()}
+      current={current()}
+      renderFilter={!showError()}
+      locked={showError()}
+      emptyView={
+        showError() ? (
+          <box paddingLeft={4} paddingRight={4}>
+            <text fg={theme.error} attributes={TextAttributes.BOLD}>
+              Could not load orgs
+            </text>
+            <text fg={theme.textMuted}>{errorMessage(loadError())}</text>
+          </box>
+        ) : undefined
+      }
+    />
+  )
 }
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-skill.tsx b/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-skill.tsx
index fa675f7a74d..e962a6e7c3e 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-skill.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/component/dialog-skill.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import { TextAttributes } from "@opentui/core"
 import { DialogSelect, type DialogSelectOption } from "../ui/dialog-select"
-import { createResource, createMemo } from "solid-js"
+import { createResource, createMemo, createSignal } from "solid-js"
 import { useDialog } from "../ui/dialog"
 import { useSDK } from "../context/sdk"
+import { useTheme } from "../context/theme"
+import { errorMessage } from "../util/error"
 
 export type DialogSkillProps = {
   onSelect: (skill: string) => void
@@ -10,14 +13,27 @@ export type DialogSkillProps = {
 export function DialogSkill(props: DialogSkillProps) {
   const dialog = useDialog()
   const sdk = useSDK()
+  const { theme } = useTheme()
   dialog.setSize("large")
 
-  const [skills] = createResource(async () => {
-    const result = await sdk.client.app.skills()
-    return result.data ?? []
-  })
+  const [loadError, setLoadError] = createSignal<unknown>()
+
+  const [skills] = createResource(() =>
+    sdk.client.app
+      .skills({}, { throwOnError: true })
+      .then((result) => result.data ?? [])
+      // Catch so the rejected resource never reaches the memo below: reading
+      // skills() in an errored state re-throws and tears down the dialog.
+      .catch((error) => {
+        setLoadError(error)
+        return undefined
+      }),
+  )
+
+  const showError = createMemo(() => Boolean(loadError()))
 
   const options = createMemo<DialogSelectOption<string>[]>(() => {
+    if (showError()) return []
     const list = skills() ?? []
     const maxWidth = Math.max(0, ...list.map((s) => s.name.length))
     return list.map((skill) => ({
@@ -32,5 +48,23 @@ export function DialogSkill(props: DialogSkillProps) {
     }))
   })
 
-  return <DialogSelect title="Skills" placeholder="Search skills..." options={options()} />
+  return (
+    <DialogSelect
+      title="Skills"
+      placeholder="Search skills..."
+      options={options()}
+      renderFilter={!showError()}
+      locked={showError()}
+      emptyView={
+        showError() ? (
+          <box paddingLeft={4} paddingRight={4}>
+            <text fg={theme.error} attributes={TextAttributes.BOLD}>
+              Could not load skills
+            </text>
+            <text fg={theme.textMuted}>{errorMessage(loadError())}</text>
+          </box>
+        ) : undefined
+      }
+    />
+  )
 }
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/component/prompt/autocomplete.tsx b/packages/tui/src/component/prompt/autocomplete.tsx
index 6fae556fc1f..2a16017a208 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/component/prompt/autocomplete.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/component/prompt/autocomplete.tsx
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { useData } from "../../context/data"
 import { getScrollAcceleration } from "../../util/scroll"
 import { useTuiPaths } from "../../context/runtime"
 import { useTuiConfig } from "../../config"
+import { useLocation } from "../../context/location"
 import { useTheme, selectedForeground } from "../../context/theme"
 import { SplitBorder } from "../../ui/border"
 import { useTerminalDimensions } from "@opentui/solid"
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ import type { PromptInfo } from "../../prompt/history"
 import { useFrecency } from "../../prompt/frecency"
 import { useBindings, useCommandSlashes, useOpencodeModeStack } from "../../keymap"
 import { displayCharAt, mentionTriggerIndex } from "../../prompt/display"
+import type { FileSystemEntry } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 
 function removeLineRange(input: string) {
   const hashIndex = input.lastIndexOf("#")
@@ -94,6 +96,7 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
   const frecency = useFrecency()
   const tuiConfig = useTuiConfig()
   const paths = useTuiPaths()
+  const location = useLocation()
   const [store, setStore] = createStore({
     index: 0,
     selected: 0,
@@ -236,16 +239,18 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
     }
   }
 
-  function createFilePart(item: string, lineRange?: { startLine: number; endLine?: number }) {
-    const baseDir = (sync.path.directory || paths.cwd).replace(/\/+$/, "")
-    const fullPath = path.isAbsolute(item) ? item : path.join(baseDir, item)
-    const urlObj = pathToFileURL(fullPath)
+  function createFilePart(
+    item: FileSystemEntry,
+    filePath: string,
+    lineRange?: { startLine: number; endLine?: number },
+  ) {
+    const urlObj = pathToFileURL(filePath)
     const filename =
-      lineRange && !item.endsWith("/")
-        ? `${item}#${lineRange.startLine}${lineRange.endLine ? `-${lineRange.endLine}` : ""}`
-        : item
+      lineRange && item.type !== "directory"
+        ? `${item.path}#${lineRange.startLine}${lineRange.endLine ? `-${lineRange.endLine}` : ""}`
+        : item.path
 
-    if (lineRange && !item.endsWith("/")) {
+    if (lineRange && item.type !== "directory") {
       urlObj.searchParams.set("start", String(lineRange.startLine))
       if (lineRange.endLine !== undefined) {
         urlObj.searchParams.set("end", String(lineRange.endLine))
@@ -254,10 +259,9 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
 
     return {
       filename,
-      url: urlObj.href,
       part: {
         type: "file" as const,
-        mime: "text/plain",
+        mime: item.mime,
         filename,
         url: urlObj.href,
         source: {
@@ -267,7 +271,7 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
             end: 0,
             value: "",
           },
-          path: item,
+          path: item.path,
         },
       },
     }
@@ -284,7 +288,7 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
   })
 
   function normalizeMentionPath(filePath: string) {
-    const baseDir = sync.path.directory || paths.cwd
+    const baseDir = location()?.directory || sync.path.directory || paths.cwd
     const absolute = path.resolve(filePath)
     const relative = path.relative(baseDir, absolute)
 
@@ -301,7 +305,11 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
       startLine: input.lineStart,
       endLine: input.lineEnd > input.lineStart ? input.lineEnd : undefined,
     }
-    const { filename, part } = createFilePart(item, lineRange)
+    const { filename, part } = createFilePart(
+      { path: item, type: "file", mime: "text/plain" },
+      input.filePath,
+      lineRange,
+    )
     const index = store.visible === "@" ? store.index : props.input().cursorOffset
 
     setStore("visible", false)
@@ -310,17 +318,20 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
   }
 
   const [files] = createResource(
-    () => search(),
-    async (query) => {
+    () => ({ query: search(), location: location() }),
+    async (input) => {
       if (!store.visible || store.visible === "/") return []
       if (referenceMatch()) return []
-      const { lineRange, baseQuery } = extractLineRange(query ?? "")
+      const { lineRange, baseQuery } = extractLineRange(input.query ?? "")
 
       // Get files from SDK
       const result = await sdk.client.v2.fs.find({
         query: baseQuery,
         limit: "20",
-        location: { workspace: project.workspace.current() },
+        location: {
+          directory: input.location?.directory,
+          workspace: input.location?.workspaceID ?? project.workspace.current(),
+        },
       })
 
       const options: AutocompleteOption[] = []
@@ -331,7 +342,11 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
         const width = props.anchor().width - 4
         options.push(
           ...result.data.data.map((item): AutocompleteOption => {
-            const { filename, url, part } = createFilePart(item.path, lineRange)
+            const { filename, part } = createFilePart(
+              item,
+              path.join(result.data.location.directory, item.path),
+              lineRange,
+            )
             return {
               display: Locale.truncateMiddle(filename, width),
               value: filename,
@@ -359,9 +374,8 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
     const width = props.anchor().width - 4
 
     for (const res of Object.values(sync.data.mcp_resource)) {
-      const text = `${res.name} (${res.uri})`
       options.push({
-        display: Locale.truncateMiddle(text, width),
+        display: Locale.truncateMiddle(res.name, width),
         // Match the name only; matching the URI caused unrelated fuzzy hits.
         value: res.name,
         description: res.description,
@@ -497,6 +511,7 @@ export function Autocomplete(props: {
           ...(store.visible === "/" ? ["description" as const] : []),
           (obj) => obj.aliases?.join(" ") ?? "",
         ],
+        threshold: store.visible === "@" ? 0.5 : 0,
         limit: 10,
         scoreFn: (objResults) => {
           const displayResult = objResults[0]
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/context/data.tsx b/packages/tui/src/context/data.tsx
index bea6e001a43..9b2e58907ad 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/context/data.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/context/data.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-import { useEvent } from "./event"
 import type {
   AgentV2Info,
   CommandV2Info,
   IntegrationInfo,
-  Event,
   LocationRef,
   ModelV2Info,
   PermissionSavedInfo,
@@ -18,11 +16,13 @@ import type {
   SessionMessageAssistantTool,
   SessionV2Info,
   SkillV2Info,
+  V2Event,
 } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
 import { createStore, produce } from "solid-js/store"
 import { createSimpleContext } from "./helper"
 import { useSDK } from "./sdk"
-import { createSignal, onMount } from "solid-js"
+import { useEvent } from "./event"
+import { createSignal, onCleanup, onMount } from "solid-js"
 
 type LocationData = {
   agent?: AgentV2Info[]
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ export const { use: useData, provider: DataProvider } = createSimpleContext({
       location: {},
     })
 
-    const event = useEvent()
     const sdk = useSDK()
+    const events = useEvent()
     const [defaultLocation, setDefaultLocation] = createSignal<LocationRef>({
       directory: sdk.directory ?? process.cwd(),
     })
@@ -121,292 +121,255 @@ export const { use: useData, provider: DataProvider } = createSimpleContext({
       },
     }
 
-    event.subscribe((event, metadata) => {
+    function handleEvent(event: V2Event) {
       switch (event.type) {
         case "catalog.updated":
           void Promise.all([
-            result.location.model.refresh({ directory: metadata.directory, workspaceID: metadata.workspace }),
-            result.location.provider.refresh({ directory: metadata.directory, workspaceID: metadata.workspace }),
+            result.location.model.refresh(event.location),
+            result.location.provider.refresh(event.location),
           ])
           break
         case "session.next.agent.switched":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
+              id: event.data.messageID,
               type: "agent-switched",
-              agent: event.properties.agent,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              agent: event.data.agent,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.model.switched":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
+              id: event.data.messageID,
               type: "model-switched",
-              model: event.properties.model,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              model: event.data.model,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.prompted": {
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
+              id: event.data.messageID,
               type: "user",
-              text: event.properties.prompt.text,
-              files: event.properties.prompt.files,
-              agents: event.properties.prompt.agents,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              text: event.data.prompt.text,
+              files: event.data.prompt.files,
+              agents: event.data.prompt.agents,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
         }
         case "session.next.prompt.admitted":
           break
-        case "session.next.prompt.promoted":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
-              type: "user",
-              text: event.properties.prompt.text,
-              files: event.properties.prompt.files,
-              agents: event.properties.prompt.agents,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timeCreated },
-            })
-          })
-          break
         case "session.next.context.updated":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
+              id: event.data.messageID,
               type: "system",
-              text: event.properties.text,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              text: event.data.text,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.synthetic":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
+              id: event.data.messageID,
               type: "synthetic",
-              sessionID: event.properties.sessionID,
-              text: event.properties.text,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              sessionID: event.data.sessionID,
+              text: event.data.text,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.shell.started":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
+              id: event.data.messageID,
               type: "shell",
-              callID: event.properties.callID,
-              command: event.properties.command,
+              callID: event.data.callID,
+              command: event.data.command,
               output: "",
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.shell.ended":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.activeShell(draft, event.properties.callID)
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.activeShell(draft, event.data.callID)
             if (!match) return
-            match.output = event.properties.output
-            match.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+            match.output = event.data.output
+            match.time.completed = event.data.timestamp
           })
           break
         case "session.next.step.started":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            if (draft.some((message) => message.id === event.properties.assistantMessageID)) return
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            if (draft.some((message) => message.id === event.data.assistantMessageID)) return
             const currentAssistant = message.activeAssistant(draft)
-            if (currentAssistant) currentAssistant.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+            if (currentAssistant) currentAssistant.time.completed = event.data.timestamp
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.assistantMessageID,
+              id: event.data.assistantMessageID,
               type: "assistant",
-              agent: event.properties.agent,
-              model: event.properties.model,
+              agent: event.data.agent,
+              model: event.data.model,
               content: [],
-              snapshot: event.properties.snapshot ? { start: event.properties.snapshot } : undefined,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              snapshot: event.data.snapshot ? { start: event.data.snapshot } : undefined,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.step.ended":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const currentAssistant = message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID)
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const currentAssistant = message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID)
             if (!currentAssistant) return
-            currentAssistant.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
-            currentAssistant.finish = event.properties.finish
-            currentAssistant.cost = event.properties.cost
-            currentAssistant.tokens = event.properties.tokens
-            if (event.properties.snapshot)
-              currentAssistant.snapshot = { ...currentAssistant.snapshot, end: event.properties.snapshot }
+            currentAssistant.time.completed = event.data.timestamp
+            currentAssistant.finish = event.data.finish
+            currentAssistant.cost = event.data.cost
+            currentAssistant.tokens = event.data.tokens
+            if (event.data.snapshot)
+              currentAssistant.snapshot = { ...currentAssistant.snapshot, end: event.data.snapshot }
           })
           break
         case "session.next.step.failed":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const currentAssistant = message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID)
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const currentAssistant = message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID)
             if (!currentAssistant) return
-            currentAssistant.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+            currentAssistant.time.completed = event.data.timestamp
             currentAssistant.finish = "error"
-            currentAssistant.error = event.properties.error
+            currentAssistant.error = event.data.error
           })
           break
         case "session.next.text.started":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID)?.content.push({
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID)?.content.push({
               type: "text",
-              id: event.properties.textID,
+              id: event.data.textID,
               text: "",
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.text.delta":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestText(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.textID,
-            )
-            if (match) match.text += event.properties.delta
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestText(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.textID)
+            if (match) match.text += event.data.delta
           })
           break
         case "session.next.text.ended":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestText(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.textID,
-            )
-            if (match) match.text = event.properties.text
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestText(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.textID)
+            if (match) match.text = event.data.text
           })
           break
         case "session.next.tool.input.started":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID)?.content.push({
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID)?.content.push({
               type: "tool",
-              id: event.properties.callID,
-              name: event.properties.name,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              id: event.data.callID,
+              name: event.data.name,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
               state: { status: "pending", input: "" },
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.tool.input.delta":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestTool(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.callID,
-            )
-            if (match?.state.status === "pending") match.state.input += event.properties.delta
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestTool(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.callID)
+            if (match?.state.status === "pending") match.state.input += event.data.delta
           })
           break
         case "session.next.tool.input.ended":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestTool(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.callID,
-            )
-            if (match?.state.status === "pending") match.state.input = event.properties.text
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestTool(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.callID)
+            if (match?.state.status === "pending") match.state.input = event.data.text
           })
           break
         case "session.next.tool.called":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestTool(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.callID,
-            )
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestTool(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.callID)
             if (!match) return
-            match.time.ran = event.properties.timestamp
-            match.provider = event.properties.provider
-            match.state = { status: "running", input: event.properties.input, structured: {}, content: [] }
+            match.time.ran = event.data.timestamp
+            match.provider = event.data.provider
+            match.state = { status: "running", input: event.data.input, structured: {}, content: [] }
           })
           break
         case "session.next.tool.progress":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestTool(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.callID,
-            )
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestTool(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.callID)
             if (match?.state.status !== "running") return
-            match.state.structured = event.properties.structured
-            match.state.content = [...event.properties.content]
+            match.state.structured = event.data.structured
+            match.state.content = [...event.data.content]
           })
           break
         case "session.next.tool.success":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestTool(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.callID,
-            )
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestTool(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.callID)
             if (match?.state.status !== "running") return
             match.state = {
               status: "completed",
               input: match.state.input,
-              structured: event.properties.structured,
-              content: [...event.properties.content],
-              result: event.properties.result,
+              structured: event.data.structured,
+              content: [...event.data.content],
+              result: event.data.result,
             }
             match.provider = {
-              executed: event.properties.provider.executed || match.provider?.executed === true,
+              executed: event.data.provider.executed || match.provider?.executed === true,
               metadata: match.provider?.metadata,
-              resultMetadata: event.properties.provider.metadata,
+              resultMetadata: event.data.provider.metadata,
             }
-            match.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+            match.time.completed = event.data.timestamp
           })
           break
         case "session.next.tool.failed":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            const match = message.latestTool(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.callID,
-            )
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            const match = message.latestTool(message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID), event.data.callID)
             if (!match || (match.state.status !== "pending" && match.state.status !== "running")) return
             match.state = {
               status: "error",
-              error: event.properties.error,
+              error: event.data.error,
               input: typeof match.state.input === "string" ? {} : match.state.input,
               structured: match.state.status === "running" ? match.state.structured : {},
               content: match.state.status === "running" ? match.state.content : [],
-              result: event.properties.result,
+              result: event.data.result,
             }
             match.provider = {
-              executed: event.properties.provider.executed || match.provider?.executed === true,
+              executed: event.data.provider.executed || match.provider?.executed === true,
               metadata: match.provider?.metadata,
-              resultMetadata: event.properties.provider.metadata,
+              resultMetadata: event.data.provider.metadata,
             }
-            match.time.completed = event.properties.timestamp
+            match.time.completed = event.data.timestamp
           })
           break
         case "session.next.reasoning.started":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
-            message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID)?.content.push({
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
+            message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID)?.content.push({
               type: "reasoning",
-              id: event.properties.reasoningID,
+              id: event.data.reasoningID,
               text: "",
-              providerMetadata: event.properties.providerMetadata,
+              providerMetadata: event.data.providerMetadata,
             })
           })
           break
         case "session.next.reasoning.delta":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             const match = message.latestReasoning(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.reasoningID,
+              message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID),
+              event.data.reasoningID,
             )
-            if (match) match.text += event.properties.delta
+            if (match) match.text += event.data.delta
           })
           break
         case "session.next.reasoning.ended":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             const match = message.latestReasoning(
-              message.assistant(draft, event.properties.assistantMessageID),
-              event.properties.reasoningID,
+              message.assistant(draft, event.data.assistantMessageID),
+              event.data.reasoningID,
             )
             if (match) {
-              match.text = event.properties.text
-              if (event.properties.providerMetadata !== undefined)
-                match.providerMetadata = event.properties.providerMetadata
+              match.text = event.data.text
+              if (event.data.providerMetadata !== undefined) match.providerMetadata = event.data.providerMetadata
             }
           })
           break
@@ -415,14 +378,14 @@ export const { use: useData, provider: DataProvider } = createSimpleContext({
         case "session.next.compaction.delta":
           break
         case "session.next.compaction.ended":
-          message.update(event.properties.sessionID, (draft) => {
+          message.update(event.data.sessionID, (draft) => {
             message.prepend(draft, {
-              id: event.properties.messageID,
+              id: event.data.messageID,
               type: "compaction",
-              reason: event.properties.reason,
-              summary: event.properties.text,
-              recent: event.properties.recent,
-              time: { created: event.properties.timestamp },
+              reason: event.data.reason,
+              summary: event.data.text,
+              recent: event.data.recent,
+              time: { created: event.data.timestamp },
             })
           })
           break
@@ -431,12 +394,23 @@ export const { use: useData, provider: DataProvider } = createSimpleContext({
           break
         case "integration.updated":
           void Promise.all([
-            result.location.integration.refresh({ directory: metadata.directory, workspaceID: metadata.workspace }),
-            result.location.model.refresh({ directory: metadata.directory, workspaceID: metadata.workspace }),
-            result.location.provider.refresh({ directory: metadata.directory, workspaceID: metadata.workspace }),
+            result.location.integration.refresh(event.location),
+            result.location.model.refresh(event.location),
+            result.location.provider.refresh(event.location),
           ])
           break
       }
+    }
+
+    onMount(() => {
+      const unsub = events.subscribe((event, metadata) => {
+        handleEvent({
+          ...event,
+          data: event.properties,
+          location: { directory: metadata.directory, workspaceID: metadata.workspace },
+        } as V2Event)
+      })
+      onCleanup(unsub)
     })
 
     const result = {
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/context/location.tsx b/packages/tui/src/context/location.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0f3fca13594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/tui/src/context/location.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import type { LocationRef } from "@opencode-ai/sdk/v2"
+import { createContext, useContext, type Accessor, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
+
+const context = createContext<Accessor<LocationRef | undefined>>()
+
+export function LocationProvider(props: ParentProps<{ location?: LocationRef }>) {
+  return <context.Provider value={() => props.location}>{props.children}</context.Provider>
+}
+
+export function useLocation() {
+  const value = useContext(context)
+  if (!value) throw new Error("Location context must be used within a LocationProvider")
+  return value
+}
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/context/path-format.tsx b/packages/tui/src/context/path-format.tsx
index 8cf77aab946..52b1bee8970 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/context/path-format.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/context/path-format.tsx
@@ -1,31 +1,15 @@
 import path from "path"
-import { createContext, useContext, type ParentProps } from "solid-js"
 import { abbreviateHome } from "../runtime"
+import { useLocation } from "./location"
 import { useTuiPaths } from "./runtime"
 
-const context = createContext<{
-  path: () => string
-  format: (input?: string) => string
-}>()
-
-export function PathFormatterProvider(props: ParentProps<{ path: string | undefined }>) {
-  const paths = useTuiPaths()
-  return (
-    <context.Provider
-      value={{
-        path: () => props.path || paths.cwd,
-        format: (input) => formatPath(input, props.path || paths.cwd, paths.home),
-      }}
-    >
-      {props.children}
-    </context.Provider>
-  )
-}
-
 export function usePathFormatter() {
-  const value = useContext(context)
-  if (!value) throw new Error("PathFormatter context must be used within a PathFormatterProvider")
-  return value
+  const paths = useTuiPaths()
+  const location = useLocation()
+  return {
+    path: () => location()?.directory || paths.cwd,
+    format: (input?: string) => formatPath(input, location()?.directory || paths.cwd, paths.home),
+  }
 }
 
 function formatPath(input: string | undefined, base: string, home: string) {
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/context/sync.tsx b/packages/tui/src/context/sync.tsx
index 4882c13920f..03db8784de4 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/context/sync.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/context/sync.tsx
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ export const {
       provider_default: Record<string, string>
       provider_next: ProviderListResponse
       console_state: ConsoleState
+      capabilities: {
+        experimentalBackgroundSubagents: boolean
+      }
       provider_auth: Record<string, ProviderAuthMethod[]>
       agent: Agent[]
       command: Command[]
@@ -107,6 +110,9 @@ export const {
         connected: [],
       },
       console_state: emptyConsoleState,
+      capabilities: {
+        experimentalBackgroundSubagents: false,
+      },
       provider_auth: {},
       config: {},
       status: "loading",
@@ -434,6 +440,10 @@ export const {
       // blocking - include session.list when continuing a session
       const providersPromise = sdk.client.config.providers({ workspace }, { throwOnError: true })
       const providerListPromise = sdk.client.provider.list({ workspace }, { throwOnError: true })
+      const capabilitiesPromise = sdk.client.experimental.capabilities
+        .get({ workspace }, { throwOnError: true })
+        .then((x) => x.data)
+        .catch(() => undefined)
       const consoleStatePromise = sdk.client.experimental.console
         .get({ workspace }, { throwOnError: true })
         .then((x) => x.data)
@@ -443,6 +453,7 @@ export const {
       await Promise.all([
         providersPromise,
         providerListPromise,
+        capabilitiesPromise,
         agentsPromise,
         configPromise,
         projectPromise,
@@ -451,6 +462,7 @@ export const {
         .then(async () => {
           const providersResponse = providersPromise.then((x) => x.data!)
           const providerListResponse = providerListPromise.then((x) => x.data!)
+          const capabilitiesResponse = capabilitiesPromise
           const consoleStateResponse = consoleStatePromise
           const agentsResponse = agentsPromise.then((x) => x.data ?? [])
           const configResponse = configPromise.then((x) => x.data!)
@@ -459,6 +471,7 @@ export const {
           return Promise.all([
             providersResponse,
             providerListResponse,
+            capabilitiesResponse,
             consoleStateResponse,
             agentsResponse,
             configResponse,
@@ -466,15 +479,17 @@ export const {
           ]).then((responses) => {
             const providers = responses[0]
             const providerList = responses[1]
-            const consoleState = responses[2]
-            const agents = responses[3]
-            const config = responses[4]
-            const sessions = responses[5]
+            const capabilities = responses[2]
+            const consoleState = responses[3]
+            const agents = responses[4]
+            const config = responses[5]
+            const sessions = responses[6]
 
             batch(() => {
               setStore("provider", reconcile(providers.providers))
               setStore("provider_default", reconcile(providers.default))
               setStore("provider_next", reconcile(providerList))
+              setStore("capabilities", "experimentalBackgroundSubagents", capabilities?.backgroundSubagents === true)
               setStore("console_state", reconcile(consoleState))
               setStore("agent", reconcile(agents))
               setStore("config", reconcile(config))
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/routes/session/index.tsx b/packages/tui/src/routes/session/index.tsx
index 1a1eb0fcc15..b57a1e5ddae 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/routes/session/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/routes/session/index.tsx
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ import { usePluginRuntime } from "../../plugin/runtime"
 import { DialogRetryAction } from "../../component/dialog-retry-action"
 import { getRevertDiffFiles } from "../../util/revert-diff"
 import { OPENCODE_BASE_MODE, useBindings, useCommandShortcut, useOpencodeKeymap } from "../../keymap"
-import { PathFormatterProvider, usePathFormatter } from "../../context/path-format"
+import { usePathFormatter } from "../../context/path-format"
+import { LocationProvider } from "../../context/location"
 
 addDefaultParsers(parsers.parsers)
 
@@ -91,6 +92,8 @@ const GO_UPSELL_ACCOUNT_RATE_LIMIT_DONT_SHOW = "go_upsell_account_rate_limit_don
 const GO_UPSELL_WINDOW = 86_400_000 // 24 hrs
 const GO_UPSELL_PROVIDERS = new Set(["opencode", "opencode-go"])
 
+export const alwaysSeparate = new WeakSet<BoxRenderable>()
+
 type RetryAction = Extract<SessionStatus, { type: "retry" }>["action"]
 
 function goUpsellKeys(action: RetryAction) {
@@ -160,7 +163,6 @@ const context = createContext<{
   showTimestamps: () => boolean
   showDetails: () => boolean
   showGenericToolOutput: () => boolean
-  userMessageIDs: () => ReadonlySet<string>
   diffWrapMode: () => "word" | "none"
   providers: () => ReadonlyMap<string, Provider>
   sync: ReturnType<typeof useSync>
@@ -192,6 +194,10 @@ export function Session() {
   const { theme } = useTheme()
   const promptRef = usePromptRef()
   const session = createMemo(() => sync.session.get(route.sessionID))
+  const location = createMemo(() => {
+    const current = session()
+    return current ? { directory: current.directory, workspaceID: current.workspaceID } : undefined
+  })
 
   createEffect(() => {
     const title = Locale.truncate(session()?.title ?? "", 50)
@@ -206,23 +212,17 @@ export function Session() {
   })
   const messages = createMemo(() => sync.data.message[route.sessionID] ?? [])
   const foregroundTasks = createMemo(() =>
-    messages().flatMap((message) =>
-      (sync.data.part[message.id] ?? []).filter(
-        (part): part is ToolPart =>
-          part.type === "tool" &&
-          part.tool === "task" &&
-          part.state.status === "running" &&
-          part.state.metadata?.background !== true,
-      ),
-    ),
-  )
-  const userMessageIDs = createMemo(
-    () =>
-      new Set(
-        messages()
-          .filter((message) => message.role === "user")
-          .map((message) => message.id),
-      ),
+    sync.data.capabilities.experimentalBackgroundSubagents
+      ? messages().flatMap((message) =>
+          (sync.data.part[message.id] ?? []).filter(
+            (part): part is ToolPart =>
+              part.type === "tool" &&
+              part.tool === "task" &&
+              part.state.status === "running" &&
+              part.state.metadata?.background !== true,
+          ),
+        )
+      : [],
   )
   const permissions = createMemo(() => {
     if (session()?.parentID) return []
@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ export function Session() {
   createEffect(on(() => route.sessionID, toBottom))
 
   return (
-    <PathFormatterProvider path={session()?.directory}>
+    <LocationProvider location={location()}>
       <context.Provider
         value={{
           get width() {
@@ -1156,7 +1156,6 @@ export function Session() {
           showTimestamps,
           showDetails,
           showGenericToolOutput,
-          userMessageIDs,
           diffWrapMode,
           providers,
           sync,
@@ -1344,7 +1343,7 @@ export function Session() {
           </Show>
         </box>
       </context.Provider>
-    </PathFormatterProvider>
+    </LocationProvider>
   )
 }
 
@@ -1393,6 +1392,7 @@ function UserMessage(props: {
       <Show when={text()}>
         <box
           id={props.message.id}
+          ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}
           border={["left"]}
           borderColor={color()}
           customBorderChars={SplitBorder.customBorderChars}
@@ -1510,13 +1510,16 @@ function AssistantMessage(props: { message: AssistantMessage; parts: Part[]; las
             {childShortcut()}
             <span style={{ fg: theme.textMuted }}> view subagents</span>
             <Show
-              when={props.parts.some(
-                (x) =>
-                  x.type === "tool" &&
-                  x.tool === "task" &&
-                  x.state.status === "running" &&
-                  x.state.metadata?.background !== true,
-              )}
+              when={
+                sync.data.capabilities.experimentalBackgroundSubagents &&
+                props.parts.some(
+                  (x) =>
+                    x.type === "tool" &&
+                    x.tool === "task" &&
+                    x.state.status === "running" &&
+                    x.state.metadata?.background !== true,
+                )
+              }
             >
               <span style={{ fg: theme.textMuted }}> · </span>
               {backgroundShortcut()}
@@ -1527,7 +1530,7 @@ function AssistantMessage(props: { message: AssistantMessage; parts: Part[]; las
       </Show>
       <Show when={props.message.error && props.message.error.name !== "MessageAbortedError"}>
         <box
-          id={`assistant-error-${props.message.id}`}
+          ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}
           border={["left"]}
           paddingTop={1}
           paddingBottom={1}
@@ -1542,7 +1545,7 @@ function AssistantMessage(props: { message: AssistantMessage; parts: Part[]; las
       </Show>
       <Switch>
         <Match when={props.last || final() || props.message.error?.name === "MessageAbortedError"}>
-          <box id={`assistant-summary-${props.message.id}`} paddingLeft={3}>
+          <box ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)} paddingLeft={3}>
             <text marginTop={1}>
               <span
                 style={{
@@ -1608,7 +1611,7 @@ function ReasoningPart(props: { last: boolean; part: ReasoningPart; message: Ass
   return (
     <Show when={content()}>
       <box
-        id={`text-${props.part.messageID}-${props.part.id}`}
+        ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}
         paddingLeft={3}
         marginTop={1}
         flexDirection="column"
@@ -1690,7 +1693,7 @@ function TextPart(props: { last: boolean; part: TextPart; message: AssistantMess
   const { theme, syntax } = useTheme()
   return (
     <Show when={props.part.text.trim()}>
-      <box id={`text-${props.part.messageID}-${props.part.id}`} paddingLeft={3} marginTop={1} flexShrink={0}>
+      <box ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)} paddingLeft={3} marginTop={1} flexShrink={0}>
         <markdown
           syntaxStyle={syntax()}
           streaming={true}
@@ -1840,7 +1843,7 @@ function InlineTool(props: {
   pending: string
   failure?: string
   spinner?: boolean
-  subagent?: boolean
+  separate?: boolean
   children: JSX.Element
   part: ToolPart
   onClick?: () => void
@@ -1881,7 +1884,6 @@ function InlineTool(props: {
 
   return (
     <InlineToolRow
-      id={`tool-inline-${props.subagent ? "subagent-" : ""}${props.part.messageID}-${props.part.id}`}
       icon={props.icon}
       iconColor={props.iconColor}
       color={fg()}
@@ -1894,8 +1896,7 @@ function InlineTool(props: {
       pending={props.pending}
       failure={props.failure}
       spinner={props.spinner}
-      subagent={props.subagent}
-      separateAfter={(id) => id !== undefined && ctx.userMessageIDs().has(id)}
+      separate={props.separate}
       onMouseOver={() => clickable() && setHover(true)}
       onMouseOut={() => setHover(false)}
       onMouseUp={() => {
@@ -1913,7 +1914,6 @@ function InlineTool(props: {
 }
 
 export function InlineToolRow(props: {
-  id?: string
   icon: string
   iconColor?: RGBA
   color?: RGBA
@@ -1926,30 +1926,23 @@ export function InlineToolRow(props: {
   pending: string
   failure?: string
   spinner?: boolean
-  subagent?: boolean
+  separate?: boolean
   children: JSX.Element
-  separateAfter?: (id: string | undefined) => boolean
   onMouseOver?: () => void
   onMouseOut?: () => void
   onMouseUp?: () => void
 }) {
   return (
     <box
-      id={props.id}
       paddingLeft={3}
       onMouseOver={props.onMouseOver}
       onMouseOut={props.onMouseOut}
       onMouseUp={props.onMouseUp}
       ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => {
+        if (props.separate) alwaysSeparate.add(el)
         setPreLayoutSiblingMargin(el, (previous) => {
-          const previousInline = previous?.id.startsWith("tool-inline-") ?? false
-          const previousSubagent = previous?.id.startsWith("tool-inline-subagent-") ?? false
-          return previous?.id.startsWith("text-") ||
-            previous?.id.startsWith("tool-block-") ||
-            previous?.id.startsWith("assistant-error-") ||
-            previous?.id.startsWith("assistant-summary-") ||
-            (previousInline && previousSubagent !== Boolean(props.subagent)) ||
-            props.separateAfter?.(previous?.id)
+          return props.separate ||
+            (previous instanceof BoxRenderable && (previous.height > 1 || alwaysSeparate.has(previous)))
             ? 1
             : 0
         })
@@ -2001,7 +1994,7 @@ export function InlineToolRow(props: {
 }
 
 function BlockTool(props: {
-  title: string
+  title?: string
   children: JSX.Element
   onClick?: () => void
   part?: ToolPart
@@ -2013,7 +2006,7 @@ function BlockTool(props: {
   const error = createMemo(() => (props.part?.state.status === "error" ? props.part.state.error : undefined))
   return (
     <box
-      id={props.part ? `tool-block-${props.part.messageID}-${props.part.id}` : undefined}
+      ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}
       border={["left"]}
       paddingTop={1}
       paddingBottom={1}
@@ -2030,15 +2023,19 @@ function BlockTool(props: {
         props.onClick?.()
       }}
     >
-      <Show
-        when={props.spinner}
-        fallback={
-          <text paddingLeft={3} fg={theme.textMuted}>
-            {props.title}
-          </text>
-        }
-      >
-        <Spinner color={theme.textMuted}>{props.title.replace(/^# /, "")}</Spinner>
+      <Show when={props.title}>
+        {(title) => (
+          <Show
+            when={props.spinner}
+            fallback={
+              <text paddingLeft={3} fg={theme.textMuted}>
+                {title()}
+              </text>
+            }
+          >
+            <Spinner color={theme.textMuted}>{title().replace(/^# /, "")}</Spinner>
+          </Show>
+        )}
       </Show>
       {props.children}
       <Show when={error()}>
@@ -2066,15 +2063,15 @@ function Shell(props: ToolProps) {
   const workdirDisplay = createMemo(() => {
     const workdir = stringValue(props.input.workdir)
     if (!workdir || workdir === ".") return undefined
-    return pathFormatter.format(workdir)
+    const formatted = pathFormatter.format(workdir)
+    if (formatted === ".") return undefined
+    return formatted
   })
 
   const title = createMemo(() => {
-    const desc = stringValue(props.input.description) ?? "Shell"
     const wd = workdirDisplay()
-    if (!wd) return `# ${desc}`
-    if (desc.includes(wd)) return `# ${desc}`
-    return `# ${desc} in ${wd}`
+    if (!wd) return
+    return `# Running in ${wd}`
   })
 
   return (
@@ -2083,11 +2080,12 @@ function Shell(props: ToolProps) {
         <BlockTool
           title={title()}
           part={props.part}
-          spinner={isRunning()}
           onClick={collapsed().overflow ? () => setExpanded((prev) => !prev) : undefined}
         >
           <box gap={1}>
-            <text fg={theme.text}>$ {stringValue(props.input.command)}</text>
+            <Show when={isRunning()} fallback={<text fg={theme.text}>$ {stringValue(props.input.command)}</text>}>
+              <Spinner color={theme.text}>{stringValue(props.input.command)}</Spinner>
+            </Show>
             <Show when={output()}>
               <text fg={theme.text}>{limited()}</text>
             </Show>
@@ -2179,8 +2177,8 @@ function Read(props: ToolProps) {
         Read {pathFormatter.format(stringValue(props.input.filePath))} {input(props.input, ["filePath"])}
       </InlineTool>
       <For each={loaded()}>
-        {(filepath, index) => (
-          <box id={`tool-inline-loaded-${props.part.messageID}-${props.part.id}-${index()}`} paddingLeft={3}>
+        {(filepath) => (
+          <box paddingLeft={3}>
             <text paddingLeft={3} fg={theme.textMuted}>
               ↳ Loaded {pathFormatter.format(filepath)}
             </text>
@@ -2300,7 +2298,7 @@ function Task(props: ToolProps) {
   return (
     <InlineTool
       icon={props.part.state.status === "completed" ? "✓" : "│"}
-      subagent={true}
+      separate={true}
       color={retry() ? theme.error : undefined}
       spinner={isRunning()}
       complete={stringValue(props.input.description)}
diff --git a/packages/tui/src/routes/session/permission.tsx b/packages/tui/src/routes/session/permission.tsx
index c787a84a859..766ed3c116c 100644
--- a/packages/tui/src/routes/session/permission.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/src/routes/session/permission.tsx
@@ -269,12 +269,10 @@ export function PermissionPrompt(props: { request: PermissionRequest; directory?
             }
 
             if (permission === "bash") {
-              const title =
-                typeof data.description === "string" && data.description ? data.description : "Shell command"
               const command = typeof data.command === "string" ? data.command : ""
               return {
                 icon: "#",
-                title,
+                title: "Shell command",
                 body: (
                   <Show when={command}>
                     <box paddingLeft={1}>
diff --git a/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/__snapshots__/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx.snap b/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/__snapshots__/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx.snap
index 36b6b5c5634..46c48ef325f 100644
--- a/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/__snapshots__/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/__snapshots__/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx.snap
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping snapshots consecutive grep, glob, and read rows at a narrow width 1`] = `
 "   ✱ Grep "OPENCODE.*DB|database|sqlite|drizzle|dev.*db|data.
      *dir|xdg|APPDATA" in packages/opencode/src (151 matches)
+
    ✱ Glob "**/*db*" in packages/opencode (6 matches)
    → Read packages/opencode/src/storage/db.ts [offset=1, limit=130]
    → Read packages/opencode/src/index.ts [offset=1, limit=100]
@@ -13,10 +14,12 @@ exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping snapshots consecutive grep, glob, and read row
 exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping snapshots expanded tool errors under the tool text 1`] = `
 "   ✱ Grep "OPENCODE.*DB|database|sqlite|drizzle|dev.*db|data.
      *dir|xdg|APPDATA" in packages/opencode/src (151 matches)
+
    ✱ Glob "**/*db*" in packages/opencode (6 matches)
    → Read packages/opencode/src/storage/db.ts [offset=1, limit=130]
    → Read packages/opencode/src/index.ts [offset=1, limit=100]
      No LSP server available for this file type.
+
    ✱ Grep "export const OPENCODE_DB|OPENCODE_DB|OPENCODE_DEV|Global\\.
      Path\\.data|data =" in packages/opencode/src (115 matches)"
 `;
@@ -24,14 +27,13 @@ exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping snapshots expanded tool errors under the tool
 exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping keeps separation after a shell output block 1`] = `
 "
 
-  # List files
-
   $ ls
 
   file.ts
 
    ✱ Grep "OPENCODE.*DB|database|sqlite|drizzle|dev.*db|data.
      *dir|xdg|APPDATA" in packages/opencode/src (151 matches)
+
    ✱ Glob "**/*db*" in packages/opencode (6 matches)
    → Read packages/opencode/src/storage/db.ts [offset=1, limit=130]
    → Read packages/opencode/src/index.ts [offset=1, limit=100]
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping keeps separation after a padded user message 1
 
    ✱ Grep "OPENCODE.*DB|database|sqlite|drizzle|dev.*db|data.
      *dir|xdg|APPDATA" in packages/opencode/src (151 matches)
+
    ✱ Glob "**/*db*" in packages/opencode (6 matches)
    → Read packages/opencode/src/storage/db.ts [offset=1, limit=130]
    → Read packages/opencode/src/index.ts [offset=1, limit=100]
@@ -53,17 +56,18 @@ exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping keeps separation after a padded user message 1
      Path\\.data|data =" in packages/opencode/src (115 matches)"
 `;
 
-exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates a contiguous subagent group from inline tools 1`] = `
+exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates after a multi-line task row 1`] = `
 "   ✱ Grep "Task" (2 matches)
 
    ⠙ Explore Task — Inspect active task spacing
+
    ✓ General Task — Confirm completed task spacing
      ↳ 1 toolcall · 501ms
 
    → Read src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx"
 `;
 
-exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates a subagent group after an expanded read 1`] = `
+exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates a task row from a preceding inline detail 1`] = `
 "   → Read src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
    ↳ Loaded src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/tools.tsx
 
@@ -71,14 +75,14 @@ exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates a subagent group after an expanded r
      ↳ 1 toolcall · 501ms"
 `;
 
-exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates a subagent from the previous assistant summary 1`] = `
+exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates an inline row from the previous assistant summary 1`] = `
 "   ▣ Build · Little Frank · 53.1s
 
    ✓ Build Task — Review changes
      ↳ 48 toolcalls · 1m 40s"
 `;
 
-exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates a subagent from the previous assistant error 1`] = `
+exports[`TUI inline tool wrapping separates an inline row from the previous assistant error 1`] = `
 "│
 │  Managed inference requires an active Member plan
 │
diff --git a/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/data.test.tsx b/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/data.test.tsx
index 92894620acc..279ba4d065c 100644
--- a/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/data.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/data.test.tsx
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ function emitEvent(events: ReturnType<typeof createEventSource>, payload: Event)
 }
 
 test("refreshes resources into reactive getters", async () => {
+  const events = createEventSource()
   const location = {
     directory,
     project: { id: "proj_test", directory },
@@ -49,8 +50,7 @@ test("refreshes resources into reactive getters", async () => {
         data: [{ id: "build", request: { headers: {}, body: {} }, mode: "primary", hidden: false, permissions: [] }],
       })
     return undefined
-  })
-  const events = createEventSource()
+  }, events)
   let data!: ReturnType<typeof useData>
   let ready!: () => void
   const mounted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ test("refreshes integrations after integration updates", async () => {
               },
             ],
     })
-  })
+  }, events)
   let data!: ReturnType<typeof useData>
   let ready!: () => void
   const mounted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ test("refreshes effective catalog data after catalog updates", async () => {
       requests.provider++
       return json({ location: { directory, project: { id: "proj_test", directory } }, data: [] })
     }
-  })
+  }, events)
 
   const app = await testRender(() => (
     <TestTuiContexts>
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ test("refreshes references after updates", async () => {
       location: { directory, project: { id: "proj_test", directory } },
       data: requests === 1 ? [] : [{ name: "docs", path: "/docs", source: { type: "local", path: "/docs" } }],
     })
-  })
+  }, events)
   let data!: ReturnType<typeof useData>
   let ready!: () => void
   const mounted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ test("refreshes references after updates", async () => {
 
 test("settles pending tools when a live failure arrives", async () => {
   const events = createEventSource()
-  const calls = createFetch()
+  const calls = createFetch(undefined, events)
   let sync!: ReturnType<typeof useData>
   let ready!: () => void
   const mounted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
@@ -370,9 +370,9 @@ test("settles pending tools when a live failure arrives", async () => {
   }
 })
 
-test("renders admitted prompts only after promotion", async () => {
+test("renders admitted prompts only after they become model-visible", async () => {
   const events = createEventSource()
-  const calls = createFetch()
+  const calls = createFetch(undefined, events)
   let sync!: ReturnType<typeof useData>
   let ready!: () => void
   const mounted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
@@ -413,14 +413,14 @@ test("renders admitted prompts only after promotion", async () => {
     expect(sync.session.message.list("session-1") ?? []).toEqual([])
 
     emitEvent(events, {
-      id: "evt_promoted_1",
-      type: "session.next.prompt.promoted",
+      id: "evt_prompted_1",
+      type: "session.next.prompted",
       properties: {
         sessionID: "session-1",
         messageID: "msg_user_1",
-        timestamp: 1,
+        timestamp: 0,
         prompt: { text: "hello" },
-        timeCreated: 0,
+        delivery: "steer",
       },
     })
 
@@ -434,57 +434,9 @@ test("renders admitted prompts only after promotion", async () => {
   }
 })
 
-test("renders a promoted prompt when admission was missed", async () => {
-  const events = createEventSource()
-  const calls = createFetch()
-  let sync!: ReturnType<typeof useData>
-  let ready!: () => void
-  const mounted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
-    ready = resolve
-  })
-
-  function Probe() {
-    sync = useData()
-    onMount(ready)
-    return <box />
-  }
-
-  const app = await testRender(() => (
-    <TestTuiContexts>
-      <SDKProvider url="http://test" directory={directory} events={events.source} fetch={calls.fetch}>
-        <ProjectProvider>
-          <DataProvider>
-            <Probe />
-          </DataProvider>
-        </ProjectProvider>
-      </SDKProvider>
-    </TestTuiContexts>
-  ))
-
-  try {
-    await mounted
-    emitEvent(events, {
-      id: "evt_promoted_1",
-      type: "session.next.prompt.promoted",
-      properties: {
-        sessionID: "session-1",
-        messageID: "msg_user_1",
-        timestamp: 1,
-        prompt: { text: "hello" },
-        timeCreated: 0,
-      },
-    })
-
-    await wait(() => sync.session.message.list("session-1")?.length === 1)
-    expect(sync.session.message.list("session-1")?.[0]?.id).toBe("msg_user_1")
-  } finally {
-    app.renderer.destroy()
-  }
-})
-
 test("projects live context updates with their message ID", async () => {
   const events = createEventSource()
-  const calls = createFetch()
+  const calls = createFetch(undefined, events)
   let sync!: ReturnType<typeof useData>
   let ready!: () => void
   const mounted = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
diff --git a/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx b/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx
index 93ae89d61d4..8ba730906ae 100644
--- a/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/tui/test/cli/tui/inline-tool-wrap-snapshot.test.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
 import { createSignal, For, Show } from "solid-js"
-import type { ScrollBoxRenderable } from "@opentui/core"
+import type { BoxRenderable, ScrollBoxRenderable } from "@opentui/core"
 import { testRender, type JSX } from "@opentui/solid"
 import {
   formatCompletedSubagentDetail,
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   parseQuestionAnswers,
   parseQuestions,
   parseTodos,
+  alwaysSeparate,
   toolDisplay,
 } from "../../../src/routes/session"
 
@@ -53,8 +54,14 @@ const tools: readonly ToolFixture[] = [
 
 function ShellOutput() {
   return (
-    <box id="tool-block-shell" marginTop={1} paddingTop={1} paddingBottom={1} paddingLeft={2} gap={1}>
-      <text paddingLeft={3}># List files</text>
+    <box
+      ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}
+      marginTop={1}
+      paddingTop={1}
+      paddingBottom={1}
+      paddingLeft={2}
+      gap={1}
+    >
       <box gap={1}>
         <text>$ ls</text>
         <text>file.ts</text>
@@ -65,7 +72,7 @@ function ShellOutput() {
 
 function UserMessage() {
   return (
-    <box id="message-user">
+    <box ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}>
       <box paddingTop={1} paddingBottom={1} paddingLeft={2}>
         <text>Check whether the next tool remains separated.</text>
       </box>
@@ -88,7 +95,6 @@ function Fixture(props: { errorExpanded?: boolean; before?: "shell" | "user" })
               failed={Boolean(item.error)}
               error={item.error}
               errorExpanded={props.errorExpanded}
-              separateAfter={(id) => id === "message-user"}
             >
               {item.label}
             </InlineToolRow>
@@ -99,61 +105,67 @@ function Fixture(props: { errorExpanded?: boolean; before?: "shell" | "user" })
   )
 }
 
-function SubagentGroupFixture() {
+function TaskRowsFixture() {
   return (
     <box flexDirection="column" width={72}>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-before" icon="✱" complete={true} pending="">
+      <InlineToolRow icon="✱" complete={true} pending="">
         Grep "Task" (2 matches)
       </InlineToolRow>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-subagent-one" icon="⠙" complete={true} pending="" subagent={true}>
+      <InlineToolRow icon="⠙" complete={true} pending="" separate={true}>
         Explore Task — Inspect active task spacing
       </InlineToolRow>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-subagent-two" icon="✓" complete={true} pending="" subagent={true}>
+      <InlineToolRow icon="✓" complete={true} pending="" separate={true}>
         {"General Task — Confirm completed task spacing\n↳ 1 toolcall · 501ms"}
       </InlineToolRow>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-after" icon="→" complete={true} pending="">
+      <InlineToolRow icon="→" complete={true} pending="">
         Read src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
       </InlineToolRow>
     </box>
   )
 }
 
-function LoadedReadBeforeSubagentFixture() {
+function LoadedReadBeforeTaskFixture() {
   return (
     <box flexDirection="column" width={72}>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-read" icon="→" complete={true} pending="">
+      <InlineToolRow icon="→" complete={true} pending="">
         Read src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/index.tsx
       </InlineToolRow>
-      <box id="tool-inline-loaded-read-child" paddingLeft={3}>
+      <box paddingLeft={3}>
         <text paddingLeft={3}>↳ Loaded src/cli/cmd/tui/routes/session/tools.tsx</text>
       </box>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-subagent-after-read" icon="✓" complete={true} pending="" subagent={true}>
+      <InlineToolRow icon="✓" complete={true} pending="" separate={true}>
         {"Explore Task — Inspect active task spacing\n↳ 1 toolcall · 501ms"}
       </InlineToolRow>
     </box>
   )
 }
 
-function AssistantSummaryBeforeSubagentFixture() {
+function AssistantSummaryBeforeInlineFixture() {
   return (
     <box flexDirection="column" width={72}>
-      <box id="assistant-summary-message-one" paddingLeft={3}>
+      <box ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)} paddingLeft={3}>
         <text>▣ Build · Little Frank · 53.1s</text>
       </box>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-subagent-one" icon="✓" complete={true} pending="" subagent={true}>
+      <InlineToolRow icon="✓" complete={true} pending="">
         {"Build Task — Review changes\n↳ 48 toolcalls · 1m 40s"}
       </InlineToolRow>
     </box>
   )
 }
 
-function AssistantErrorBeforeSubagentFixture() {
+function AssistantErrorBeforeInlineFixture() {
   return (
     <box flexDirection="column" width={72}>
-      <box id="assistant-error-message-one" border={["left"]} paddingTop={1} paddingBottom={1} paddingLeft={2}>
+      <box
+        ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}
+        border={["left"]}
+        paddingTop={1}
+        paddingBottom={1}
+        paddingLeft={2}
+      >
         <text>Managed inference requires an active Member plan</text>
       </box>
-      <InlineToolRow id="tool-inline-subagent-one" icon="✓" complete={true} pending="" subagent={true}>
+      <InlineToolRow icon="✓" complete={true} pending="">
         {"Build Task — Review changes\n↳ 48 toolcalls · 1m 40s"}
       </InlineToolRow>
     </box>
@@ -170,7 +182,7 @@ function StickyScrollFixture(props: { separated: boolean; scroll: (scroll: Scrol
         <text>Second row</text>
       </box>
       <Show when={props.separated}>
-        <box id="text-before-tool">
+        <box ref={(el: BoxRenderable) => alwaysSeparate.add(el)}>
           <text>Assistant text</text>
         </box>
       </Show>
@@ -200,6 +212,7 @@ function FailedCompleteToolFixture() {
 async function renderFrame(component: () => JSX.Element, options: { width: number; height: number }) {
   testSetup = await testRender(component, options)
   await testSetup.renderOnce()
+  await testSetup.renderOnce()
 
   return testSetup
     .captureCharFrame()
@@ -294,22 +307,20 @@ describe("TUI inline tool wrapping", () => {
     expect(await renderFrame(() => <Fixture before="user" />, { width: 72, height: 14 })).toMatchSnapshot()
   })
 
-  test("separates a contiguous subagent group from inline tools", async () => {
-    expect(await renderFrame(() => <SubagentGroupFixture />, { width: 72, height: 10 })).toMatchSnapshot()
+  test("separates after a multi-line task row", async () => {
+    expect(await renderFrame(() => <TaskRowsFixture />, { width: 72, height: 10 })).toMatchSnapshot()
   })
 
-  test("separates a subagent group after an expanded read", async () => {
-    expect(await renderFrame(() => <LoadedReadBeforeSubagentFixture />, { width: 72, height: 8 })).toMatchSnapshot()
+  test("separates a task row from a preceding inline detail", async () => {
+    expect(await renderFrame(() => <LoadedReadBeforeTaskFixture />, { width: 72, height: 8 })).toMatchSnapshot()
   })
 
-  test("separates a subagent from the previous assistant summary", async () => {
-    expect(
-      await renderFrame(() => <AssistantSummaryBeforeSubagentFixture />, { width: 72, height: 5 }),
-    ).toMatchSnapshot()
+  test("separates an inline row from the previous assistant summary", async () => {
+    expect(await renderFrame(() => <AssistantSummaryBeforeInlineFixture />, { width: 72, height: 5 })).toMatchSnapshot()
   })
 
-  test("separates a subagent from the previous assistant error", async () => {
-    expect(await renderFrame(() => <AssistantErrorBeforeSubagentFixture />, { width: 72, height: 7 })).toMatchSnapshot()
+  test("separates an inline row from the previous assistant error", async () => {
+    expect(await renderFrame(() => <AssistantErrorBeforeInlineFixture />, { width: 72, height: 7 })).toMatchSnapshot()
   })
 
   test("updates sticky-bottom geometry when a text separator mounts and unmounts", async () => {
diff --git a/packages/tui/test/fixture/tui-sdk.ts b/packages/tui/test/fixture/tui-sdk.ts
index 1d3bdd57579..d1cf3c7dfc2 100644
--- a/packages/tui/test/fixture/tui-sdk.ts
+++ b/packages/tui/test/fixture/tui-sdk.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ export function eventSource(): EventSource {
 
 export function createEventSource() {
   let fn: ((event: GlobalEvent) => void) | undefined
+  let stream: ReadableStreamDefaultController<Uint8Array> | undefined
+  const pending: Uint8Array[] = []
   return {
     source: {
       subscribe: async (handler: (event: GlobalEvent) => void) => {
@@ -29,19 +31,44 @@ export function createEventSource() {
     emit(event: GlobalEvent) {
       if (!fn) throw new Error("event source not ready")
       fn(event)
+      if (!("properties" in event.payload)) return
+      const chunk = new TextEncoder().encode(
+        `data: ${JSON.stringify({
+          ...event.payload,
+          location: { directory: event.directory, workspaceID: event.workspace },
+          data: event.payload.properties,
+        })}\n\n`,
+      )
+      if (stream) return stream.enqueue(chunk)
+      pending.push(chunk)
+    },
+    response() {
+      return new Response(
+        new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
+          start(controller) {
+            stream = controller
+            for (const chunk of pending.splice(0)) controller.enqueue(chunk)
+          },
+          cancel() {
+            stream = undefined
+          },
+        }),
+        { headers: { "content-type": "text/event-stream" } },
+      )
     },
   }
 }
 
 export type FetchHandler = (url: URL) => Response | Promise<Response> | undefined
 
-export function createFetch(override?: FetchHandler) {
+export function createFetch(override?: FetchHandler, events?: ReturnType<typeof createEventSource>) {
   const session = [] as URL[]
   const fetch = (async (input: RequestInfo | URL) => {
     const url = new URL(input instanceof Request ? input.url : String(input))
     if (url.pathname === "/session") session.push(url)
     const overridden = await override?.(url)
     if (overridden) return overridden
+    if (url.pathname === "/api/event" && events) return events.response()
 
     if (
       [
@@ -58,6 +85,7 @@ export function createFetch(override?: FetchHandler) {
       return json({})
     if (url.pathname === "/config/providers") return json({ providers: {}, default: {} })
     if (url.pathname === "/experimental/console") return json({ consoleManagedProviders: [], switchableOrgCount: 0 })
+    if (url.pathname === "/experimental/capabilities") return json({ backgroundSubagents: false })
     if (url.pathname === "/path") return json({ home: "", state: "", config: "", worktree, directory })
     if (url.pathname === "/api/location") return json({ directory, project: { id: "proj_test", directory: worktree } })
     if (
diff --git a/packages/ui/package.json b/packages/ui/package.json
index a2485f475a6..489396ad499 100644
--- a/packages/ui/package.json
+++ b/packages/ui/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@opencode-ai/ui",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
   "exports": {
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/components/basic-tool.tsx b/packages/ui/src/components/basic-tool.tsx
index 213a48e11f3..2477ff99b52 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/components/basic-tool.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui/src/components/basic-tool.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { createEffect, For, Match, on, onCleanup, onMount, Show, Switch, type JSX } from "solid-js"
+import { createEffect, For, Match, on, onCleanup, onMount, Show, Switch, type Accessor, type JSX } from "solid-js"
 import { animate, type AnimationPlaybackControls } from "motion"
 import { useI18n } from "../context/i18n"
 import { createStore } from "solid-js/store"
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const isTriggerTitle = (val: any): val is TriggerTitle => {
 
 export interface BasicToolProps {
   icon: IconProps["name"]
-  trigger: TriggerTitle | JSX.Element
+  trigger: TriggerTitle | JSX.Element | ((open: Accessor<boolean>) => JSX.Element)
   children?: JSX.Element
   status?: string
   hideDetails?: boolean
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ export function BasicTool(props: BasicToolProps) {
   const ready = () => state.ready
   const pending = () => props.status === "pending" || props.status === "running"
   const hasChildren = () => (props.defer ? "children" in props : props.children)
+  const dynamicTrigger = typeof props.trigger === "function" ? props.trigger(open) : undefined
 
   let cancelReady: (() => void) | undefined
 
@@ -187,6 +188,7 @@ export function BasicTool(props: BasicToolProps) {
       <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-trigger-content">
         <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info">
           <Switch>
+            <Match when={dynamicTrigger !== undefined}>{dynamicTrigger}</Match>
             <Match when={isTriggerTitle(props.trigger) && props.trigger}>
               {(title) => (
                 <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info-structured">
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/components/message-part.tsx b/packages/ui/src/components/message-part.tsx
index bbc3d2956cb..47ae745e4c6 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/components/message-part.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui/src/components/message-part.tsx
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ export function getToolInfo(
       return {
         icon: "console",
         title: i18n.t("ui.tool.shell"),
-        subtitle: input.description,
+        subtitle: input.command,
       }
     case "edit":
       return {
@@ -1905,18 +1905,18 @@ ToolRegistry.register({
       <BasicTool
         {...props}
         icon="console"
-        trigger={
+        trigger={(open) => (
           <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info-structured">
             <div data-slot="basic-tool-tool-info-main">
               <span data-slot="basic-tool-tool-title">
                 <TextShimmer text={i18n.t("ui.tool.shell")} active={pending()} />
               </span>
-              <Show when={!pending() && props.input.description}>
-                <ShellSubmessage text={props.input.description} animate={sawPending} />
+              <Show when={!pending() && !open() && props.input.command}>
+                <ShellSubmessage text={props.input.command} animate={sawPending} />
               </Show>
             </div>
           </div>
-        }
+        )}
       >
         <div data-component="bash-output">
           <div data-slot="bash-copy">
diff --git a/packages/ui/src/components/timeline-playground.stories.tsx b/packages/ui/src/components/timeline-playground.stories.tsx
index 3a59c839a75..a189e3d0f3d 100644
--- a/packages/ui/src/components/timeline-playground.stories.tsx
+++ b/packages/ui/src/components/timeline-playground.stories.tsx
@@ -316,10 +316,10 @@ const TOOL_SAMPLES = {
   },
   bash: {
     tool: "bash",
-    input: { command: "bun test --filter session", description: "Run session tests" },
+    input: { command: "bun test --filter session" },
     output:
       "bun test v1.3.14\n\n✓ session-turn.test.tsx (3 tests) 45ms\n✓ message-part.test.tsx (7 tests) 120ms\n\nTest Suites: 2 passed, 2 total\nTests:       10 passed, 10 total\nTime:        0.89s",
-    title: "Run session tests",
+    title: "bun test --filter session",
     metadata: { command: "bun test --filter session" },
   },
   edit: {
diff --git a/packages/web/package.json b/packages/web/package.json
index 756726d1500..3d77162aa1e 100644
--- a/packages/web/package.json
+++ b/packages/web/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "name": "@opencode-ai/web",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "MIT",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "astro dev",
     "dev:remote": "VITE_API_URL=https://api.opencode.ai astro dev",
diff --git a/packages/web/src/components/share/content-bash.tsx b/packages/web/src/components/share/content-bash.tsx
index f8130ecc641..14fd6df6c2c 100644
--- a/packages/web/src/components/share/content-bash.tsx
+++ b/packages/web/src/components/share/content-bash.tsx
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { codeToHtml } from "shiki"
 interface Props {
   command: string
   output: string
-  description?: string
   expand?: boolean
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ export function ContentBash(props: Props) {
     <div class={style.root} data-expanded={expanded() || props.expand === true ? true : undefined}>
       <div data-slot="body">
         <div data-slot="header">
-          <span>{props.description}</span>
+          <span>Shell</span>
         </div>
         <div data-slot="content">
           <div innerHTML={commandHtml()} />
diff --git a/packages/web/src/components/share/part.tsx b/packages/web/src/components/share/part.tsx
index 34cfe3f42f4..67099196a07 100644
--- a/packages/web/src/components/share/part.tsx
+++ b/packages/web/src/components/share/part.tsx
@@ -616,7 +616,6 @@ export function BashTool(props: ToolProps) {
     <ContentBash
       command={props.state.input.command}
       output={props.state.metadata.output ?? props.state.metadata?.stdout}
-      description={props.state.metadata.description}
     />
   )
 }
diff --git a/sdks/vscode/package.json b/sdks/vscode/package.json
index 37c940a312c..ead6f458879 100644
--- a/sdks/vscode/package.json
+++ b/sdks/vscode/package.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "name": "opencode",
   "displayName": "opencode",
   "description": "opencode for VS Code",
-  "version": "1.17.8",
+  "version": "1.17.9",
   "publisher": "sst-dev",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
diff --git a/specs/v2/schema-changelog.md b/specs/v2/schema-changelog.md
index 4356c234a4e..bfe7efd89c6 100644
--- a/specs/v2/schema-changelog.md
+++ b/specs/v2/schema-changelog.md
@@ -1,12 +1,30 @@
 # V2 Schema Changelog
 
+## 2026-06-22: Simplify Session Input Promotion
+
+- Keep `session.next.prompt.admitted.1` as the durable, client-visible record of pending Session input.
+- Replace `session.next.prompt.promoted.1` with the existing `session.next.prompted.1` event when input becomes model-visible.
+- Preserve the prompt endpoint, admission receipt, idempotency, steer/queue ordering, and atomic user-message projection.
+- Reset experimental V2 events, projections, inputs, Context Epochs, and synchronized workspace state while preserving canonical V1 `session`, `message`, and `part` rows.
+
+## 2026-06-22: Reset Unpublished Compaction Event
+
+- Replace the unpublished `session.next.compaction.ended.1` payload with the current checkpoint payload and remove its legacy decoder.
+- Reset experimental events, sequences, Session inputs, projected Session messages, Context Epochs, synchronized workspace rows, and Session workspace links.
+- Preserve canonical V1 `session`, `message`, and `part` rows.
+
+## 2026-06-22: Make Session Interruption Process-Local
+
+- Remove the unprojected `session.next.interrupt.requested.1` event from the experimental durable Session event union and generated SDK.
+- No canonical V1 data requires migration; experimental V2 event history containing the retired event is disposable.
+
 ## 2026-06-05: Execute Automatic Session Compaction
 
 - Trigger automatic compaction before provider turns using the complete estimated request and absolute model-aware headroom.
 - Preserve the existing structured summary contract and update prior summaries with newly compacted history.
 - Store token-bounded recent history as plain serialized text inside the checkpoint instead of replaying provider-native messages.
 - Keep compaction starts durable and progress deltas live-only; activate history cutover only from a durable completed summary.
-- Version the completed event as `session.next.compaction.ended.2` rather than changing the existing synchronized v1 payload in place.
+- Store the completed event with the current checkpoint payload containing stable message identity, reason, summary, and recent context.
 - Reload the replacement Context Epoch and continue the original pending turn after compaction.
 - Preserve full durable history; compaction changes only the active model representation.
 - Defer provider-overflow recovery, explicit manual compaction, and deterministic old tool-result pruning.
@@ -120,7 +138,7 @@ Change:
 Reason:
 
 - Prompt admission and model-visible promotion must be separate durable operations.
-- Steering must promote at safe provider-turn boundaries while queued prompts remain separate FIFO activities.
+- Steering must promote at safe provider-turn boundaries while queued prompts remain pending in FIFO order until continuation would otherwise end.
 
 Compatibility:
 
@@ -696,6 +714,22 @@ Compatibility:
 - Foreground V2 bash execution is unchanged.
 - Reintroduce background bash only with durable status observation, completion delivery, and explicit cancellation semantics.
 
+## 2026-06-18: Remove Bash Description Input
+
+Affected schema:
+
+- V1 and Core V2 model-facing `bash` tool parameters.
+
+Change:
+
+- Remove the V1 required and V2 optional `description` parameter.
+- Derive shell presentation from the command or a generic shell label instead of model-authored description metadata.
+
+Compatibility:
+
+- Existing persisted tool calls may still contain `description`, but new tool definitions no longer expose or require it.
+- Shell command execution behavior is unchanged.
+
 ## 2026-06-04: Add Durable Session Context Snapshots
 
 Affected schema:
@@ -800,3 +834,23 @@ Change:
 Compatibility:
 
 - Existing Context Epoch rows backfill the default `build` agent and reconcile to another selected agent at the next safe provider-turn boundary.
+
+## 2026-06-22: Simplify Session Context Rebaselining
+
+Affected schema:
+
+- Remove `session_context_epoch.agent`, `session_context_epoch.replacement_seq`, and `session_context_epoch.revision`.
+- No synchronized event, public HTTP API, or generated SDK schema changes.
+
+Change:
+
+- Sample the effective agent and model once for each provider turn; selection changes apply to the next turn.
+- Preserve the immutable baseline and admit ordinary System Context changes as chronological `ContextUpdated` messages.
+- Rebuild the baseline directly after completed compaction instead of maintaining pending replacement state.
+- Preserve the old baseline and its effective chronological updates while a post-compaction baseline cannot be rendered completely.
+- Rely on the process-local Session execution lane instead of optimistic concurrency state between Context Epoch writers.
+
+Compatibility:
+
+- Existing Context Epoch rows migrate in place by dropping the obsolete selection and pending-replacement columns.
+- Model and agent switches no longer discard earlier chronological System Context updates by forcing a new baseline.
diff --git a/specs/v2/session.md b/specs/v2/session.md
index ed30890fa64..6529ff22326 100644
--- a/specs/v2/session.md
+++ b/specs/v2/session.md
@@ -12,22 +12,24 @@ sessions.create({ id?, location, ... })
 
 sessions.prompt({ id?, sessionID, prompt, delivery?, resume? })
   -> omitted ID generates one internal message ID
-  -> supplied ID admits one durable Session input when absent
-  -> exact reuse returns the same admitted lifecycle receipt
+  -> supplied ID inserts one durable Session inbox row when absent
+  -> exact reuse returns the same admission receipt
   -> reusing one message ID for another Session, prompt, or delivery mode fails
   -> exact retry schedules another wake unless resume is false
   -> resume omitted or true schedules execution after admission
   -> resume false admits only
 
 sessions.interrupt(sessionID)
-  -> interrupts the active ownership chain on this process
-  -> waits for active drain cleanup and settlement
-  -> suppresses reruns already queued before interruption
-  -> preserves durable inbox rows for a later fresh wake or resume
+  -> interrupts active execution on this process
+  -> waits for runner cleanup and settlement
+  -> clears a coalesced follow-up wake already registered with this coordinator
+  -> preserves durable inbox rows for a later wake or resume
   -> idle or missing Session is a no-op
 ```
 
-`session_input` is the durable admission inbox. Admitted inputs remain outside model-visible Session history until the serialized runner publishes `PromptLifecycle.Promoted`. The projector atomically writes the visible user message and marks its inbox row promoted in the same event transaction. The legacy V1-to-V2 shadow bridge continues publishing ordinary `Prompted` events for already-visible V1 prompts.
+`session_input` is the durable admission inbox. `PromptAdmitted` records and projects accepted input so pending queue state can be replayed, replicated, and observed by clients. Admitted inputs remain outside model-visible Session history until the serialized runner publishes `Prompted`. Its projector atomically writes the visible user message and marks the inbox row promoted in the same event transaction. The V1-to-V2 shadow bridge publishes the same `Prompted` event for already-visible V1 prompts.
+
+`admittedSeq` is the durable Session event sequence of `PromptAdmitted`. Clients may use the admission event to represent queued input before `Prompted` makes it part of visible conversation history.
 
 Execution routing starts from only the Session ID:
 
@@ -40,13 +42,13 @@ SessionExecution.resume(sessionID)
 
 `SessionExecution` and the read-side `SessionStore` are process-global. `SessionRunner`, catalog, model resolver, tool registry, permission state, and filesystem are cached per Location. No layer takes a Session ID. An omitted `Location.workspaceID` means implicit-local placement; explicit workspace identity remains reserved for future placement semantics.
 
-The local runner issues one explicit `llm.stream(request)` per provider turn, projects each complete local tool call durably before eagerly starting its structured child execution, awaits every started tool fiber after provider-stream closure, reloads projected history once before continuation, and fails after 25 provider turns within one local drain activity only when work remains. Tool settlement events carry the owning assistant message ID because provider-local call IDs may repeat across turns. Before assembling a provider request, the runner durably fails any local tool still projected as `running` from a previous process with `Tool execution interrupted`; abandoned side effects are never silently replayed.
+The local runner issues one explicit `llm.stream(request)` per provider turn, projects each complete local tool call durably before eagerly starting its structured child execution, awaits every started tool fiber after provider-stream closure, and reloads projected history once before continuation. Promoting any new user input resets the selected agent's configured provider-turn allowance; multiple steers promoted at one boundary reset it once. Tool settlement events carry the owning assistant message ID because provider-local call IDs may repeat across turns. Before assembling a provider request, the runner durably fails any local tool still projected as `running` from a previous process with `Tool execution interrupted`; abandoned side effects are never silently replayed.
 
 Projected hosted tools preserve call-side and settlement-side provider metadata separately so settlement and interruption recovery cannot erase continuation identifiers. Provider-native reasoning and provider metadata replay only while the historical assistant model matches the selected continuation model; after a model switch, visible reasoning text remains ordinary assistant text and provider-native metadata is omitted.
 
 ## Context Epochs
 
-V2 Sessions persist the exact privileged System Context shown to the model. A Context Epoch owns one effective agent, one immutable baseline, and a model-hidden structured snapshot used to compare independently observed Context Sources. Environment facts, the host-local date, ambient global/upward-project `AGENTS.md` files, and selected-agent available-skill guidance are the initial sources. Location-wide sources come from the System Context Registry; selected-agent guidance composes with them immediately before Context Epoch admission.
+V2 Sessions persist the exact privileged System Context shown to the model. A Context Epoch stores one immutable provider-cache baseline and a model-hidden structured snapshot used to compare independently observed Context Sources. Environment facts, the host-local date, ambient global/upward-project `AGENTS.md` files, and selected-agent available-skill guidance are the initial sources. Location-wide sources come from the System Context Registry; selected-agent guidance composes with them immediately before Context Epoch admission.
 
 The first complete observation initializes the epoch before any pending prompt becomes model-visible. If initial context is temporarily unavailable, execution stops while the prompt remains pending and retryable. On later provider turns, the runner promotes eligible input first, then reconciles current sources at the safe boundary. Changed context becomes one durable chronological System message, and its event commit advances the epoch snapshot atomically.
 
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ Client            Runner                         System Context Registry       C
    │                 ├─ Baseline + chronological history ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────▶
 ```
 
-Agent switches, model switches, and completed compactions request lazy baseline replacement. A switch admitted after the current safe provider-turn boundary applies to the next provider turn while leaving the already-prepared baseline durable. Before another cross-agent provider turn, the replacement must complete; unavailable admitted context blocks instead of exposing the prior agent's privileged baseline. A Session move clears the epoch so the destination Location must initialize a complete baseline before another provider turn. Epoch creation and replacement are fenced against the authoritative Session Location/effective agent and the epoch revision, preventing stale or ABA-observed context from becoming durable.
+Agent and model selection are provider-turn scoped. A switch admitted after the current safe provider-turn boundary applies to the next provider turn without restarting the current turn or replacing the baseline. Agent-specific skill guidance remains a Context Source, so changed guidance is admitted as a chronological System message. A completed compaction causes the next provider attempt to render a fresh baseline directly from current complete context. A Session move clears the epoch so the destination Location initializes a complete baseline on its next run.
 
 ```text
 Session                            Epoch
@@ -83,11 +85,8 @@ Session                            Epoch
    │                                 │ reconcile chronological update  │
    │                                 ◀─────────────────────────────────╯
    │                                 │
-   ├─ request replacement ───────────▶
-   │                                 │
-   │                                 ├─────────────────────────────────────╮
-   │                                 │ replace after complete observation  │
-   │                                 ◀─────────────────────────────────────╯
+   ├─ completed compaction ──────────▶
+   │                                 ├─ render fresh baseline
    │                                 │
    ├─ clear after Location move ─────▶
 ```
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ Ambient project discovery canonicalizes and contains traversal within the projec
 Current Context Epoch follow-ups:
 
 - Add configured, remote, and nested instruction sources with explicit precedence and removal semantics.
-- Add durable post-crash activity recovery for promoted or provider-dispatched work.
+- Add durable post-crash continuation recovery for promoted or provider-dispatched work.
 - Add explicit manual compaction on top of automatic request-budget compaction.
 - Add operational metrics for observation latency, unavailable sources, contention, baseline size, and chronological-update growth.
 - Consider watcher-backed per-file caching only if measurements show direct safe-boundary observation is too expensive.
@@ -110,11 +109,11 @@ Before each provider turn, the runner estimates the complete model-visible reque
 
 Compaction keeps the full transcript durable while replacing its active model representation with one hidden checkpoint containing a structured rolling summary and token-bounded serialized recent context. Provider-native assistant, reasoning, and tool messages never survive across the boundary, avoiding signature and encrypted-reasoning failures when the earlier prefix changes.
 
-`session.next.compaction.started.1` durably identifies the attempt. Compaction deltas are live-only progress. `session.next.compaction.ended.2` durably stores the final summary and serialized recent context; only this completed event projects a model-visible compaction message and requests Context Epoch replacement. A failed or interrupted attempt therefore leaves the previous history boundary active.
+`session.next.compaction.started.1` durably identifies the attempt. Compaction deltas are live-only progress. `session.next.compaction.ended.1` durably stores the final summary and serialized recent context; only this completed event projects a model-visible compaction message. On the next provider attempt, the runner observes that completed compaction and directly renders a fresh Context Epoch baseline. A failed or interrupted attempt therefore leaves the previous history boundary active.
 
 Repeated compactions update the previous structured summary with newly compacted messages. The runner then reloads projected history and executes the original pending turn.
 
-When a provider rejects a request as context overflow before durable assistant output or tool activity, the runner attempts one overflow-triggered compaction even when the local estimate did not predict pressure. A completed checkpoint rebuilds the same logical provider turn with one remaining physical attempt. A second overflow, unavailable compaction, or overflow after durable output becomes the ordinary terminal failure; recovery never loops or replays partial side effects. Deterministic old tool-result pruning remains a separate follow-up.
+When a provider rejects a request as context overflow before durable assistant output or tool execution, the runner attempts one overflow-triggered compaction even when the local estimate did not predict pressure. A completed checkpoint rebuilds the same logical provider turn with one remaining physical attempt. A second overflow, unavailable compaction, or overflow after durable output becomes the ordinary terminal failure; recovery never loops or replays partial side effects. Deterministic old tool-result pruning remains a separate follow-up.
 
 ## V1 Runtime Context Parity
 
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ Status: `complete` is usable in the native V2 path, `partial` covers only part o
 | Per-turn request assembly  | Plugin message, system, parameter, and header transforms                 | missing  | Design V2 plugin hooks and lifecycle semantics.                                                                                        |
 | Per-turn request assembly  | Model variants and request settings                                      | partial  | Apply effective agent options and future plugin-mutated request settings.                                                              |
 | Per-turn request assembly  | Structured-output policy                                                 | missing  | Add prompt format, generated tool, tool choice, and model-visible policy together.                                                     |
-| Per-turn request assembly  | Automatic/context-pressure compaction                                    | partial  | V2 replays completed compactions and replaces epochs but cannot initiate compaction.                                                   |
+| Per-turn request assembly  | Automatic/context-pressure compaction                                    | complete | V2 initiates automatic and overflow-triggered compaction, then rebuilds the baseline from the completed checkpoint.                    |
 | Prompt/reference expansion | Durable typed prompt attachments                                         | complete | None.                                                                                                                                  |
 | Prompt/reference expansion | Native template and `@` mention expansion                                | missing  | Parse and resolve native V2 prompt input before durable admission.                                                                     |
 | Prompt/reference expansion | File, directory, media, and MCP-resource materialization                 | partial  | Materialize and normalize sources instead of lowering unresolved attachment metadata.                                                  |
@@ -151,18 +150,18 @@ Provider timeout, retry, and watchdog policy is intentionally deferred. The runn
 Inbox delivery is explicit:
 
 - `steer` inputs promote at the next safe provider-turn boundary, including continuation inside the current drain.
-- `queue` inputs form a FIFO of future activities. When the current activity settles, the runner promotes exactly one queued input to open the next activity. Multiple queued inputs remain separate activities.
+- `queue` inputs remain in a FIFO while the current drain requires continuation. When the Session would otherwise become idle, the runner promotes exactly one queued input, then reevaluates continuation before promoting another.
 
 Execution has two entry points:
 
-- `run` is an explicit resume. It joins an active drain chain or starts one, and performs at least one provider attempt even when no input is eligible.
+- `run` is an explicit resume. It joins any active execution or starts a forced drain while idle. A forced drain bypasses the no-eligible-input guard, but preparation may still fail before a provider attempt.
 - `wake` reports newly recorded durable inbox work. Repeated wakes coalesce. A wake calls the provider only when it can promote eligible input.
 
-Post-crash activity recovery is intentionally deferred. A wake does not infer that ambiguous provider work is safe to retry after an input has already been promoted. Explicit `run` may deliberately continue from durable projected history. A future recovery slice should model durable activity identity, provider-dispatch ambiguity, required continuation, queue-opener reservation, retry policy, and visible recovery status together.
+Post-crash continuation recovery is intentionally deferred. A wake does not infer that ambiguous provider work is safe to retry after an input has already been promoted. Explicit `run` may deliberately continue from durable projected history. A future recovery slice should model provider-dispatch ambiguity, required continuation, queued-input promotion, retry policy, and visible recovery status together. It must not assume an enclosing durable execution identity that the Session model does not otherwise need.
 
-A process-global `SessionRunCoordinator` serializes each local Session drain chain while allowing different Sessions to drain concurrently. It enters the Session's current Location only when a drain starts, so interruption targets process execution ownership rather than Location cache identity. Interruption establishes a local ownership-chain boundary by stopping the current chain while preserving pending/unpromoted durable inbox rows for a later fresh wake and projected history for explicit resume. A Location runner also fences every new provider turn against its captured Location so a moved Session cannot begin another turn through source-Location tools or context. An already-dispatched provider turn may still settle source-Location calls until a future move-control slice interrupts active ownership. Automatic startup discovery, durable multi-node ownership, stale-owner fencing, and retry policy remain future work.
+A process-global `SessionRunCoordinator` serializes execution for each local Session while allowing different Sessions to run concurrently. Resumes join active execution, overlapping wakes coalesce into one follow-up, and interruption stops current process-local execution without deleting durable inbox work. The runner enters the Session's current Location when execution starts and fences each new provider turn against that Location.
 
-Inbox promotion coalesces pending steers in durable admission order and opens one queued activity at a time in FIFO order. Add explicit inbox backlog and steering-batch limits before exposing broad multi-caller admission or untrusted queue growth.
+Inbox promotion coalesces pending steers in durable admission order. Once continuation would otherwise end, it promotes one queued input at a time in FIFO order. Add explicit inbox backlog and steering-batch limits before exposing broad multi-caller admission or untrusted queue growth.
 
 Eager local-tool execution is intentionally unbounded in the current local slice. This minimizes tool latency but does not increase SQLite settlement throughput: Session-event publication remains serialized per provider turn. Before broadening exposure, revisit per-turn call limits, output truncation, and operational backpressure using observed workloads. The `session.next.*` event schemas remain experimental and unshipped; databases created by earlier experimental builds are disposable rather than compatibility targets.
 
diff --git a/specs/v2/todo.md b/specs/v2/todo.md
index 002139cdd5e..b774c51c6bc 100644
--- a/specs/v2/todo.md
+++ b/specs/v2/todo.md
@@ -26,19 +26,14 @@ through legacy `SessionPrompt.loop(...)`:
   tool results, and assistant output
 - a scoped `ToolRegistry` advertises definitions and the first permission-checked
   `read` built-in
-- local continuation reloads projected history and stops after 25 provider turns within one local drain activity
+- local continuation reloads projected history, and promoting new user input resets the selected agent's configured provider-turn allowance
 - concurrent resumes for one Session join one process-local run while different
   Sessions remain concurrent
 
 Prompt admission now uses a durable `session_input` inbox rather than immediate
-transcript projection. `steer` inputs coalesce into the active activity at the
-next safe provider-turn boundary. `queue` inputs form a FIFO of future activities
-that open one at a time. A process-global `SessionRunCoordinator` coalesces process-local wakeups
-around settlement races. Explicit `run` resumes perform at least one provider
-attempt; advisory `wake` notifications call the provider only for eligible inbox
-work. Steers coalesce into the active activity at
-safe provider boundaries; queued inputs open later activities one at a time in
-FIFO order.
+transcript projection. `steer` inputs promote at the next safe provider-turn
+boundary while the current drain requires continuation. `queue` inputs remain in
+a FIFO until the Session would otherwise become idle and then promote one at a time.
 
 Next reviewed slices:
 
@@ -55,19 +50,19 @@ Next reviewed slices:
 - integrate the new BackgroundJob service with V2 tool execution: support background
   bash jobs and background agent dispatch with durable status observation,
   completion delivery, and explicit cancellation / continuation semantics
-- add compaction, durable/clustered interruption, retries, and stale-owner fencing
-  only as their slices become concrete
+- add durable/clustered interruption, retries, and stale-owner fencing only as
+  their slices become concrete
 
-### Deferred durable activity recovery
+### Deferred durable continuation recovery
 
 Do not infer that ambiguous provider work is safe to retry from an advisory wake.
 The first inbox-driven runner intentionally omits outer provider-attempt markers
 until they have a concrete consumer and a complete recovery policy.
 
-Design post-crash activity recovery as one explicit slice. It should model:
+Design post-crash continuation recovery as one explicit slice. It should model:
 
-- durable activity identity and settlement
-- queue-opener reservation and steer assignment
+- promoted input and projected-history state
+- queued-input promotion and steering assignment
 - provider-attempt preparation versus provider-dispatch ambiguity
 - required post-tool continuation across process loss
 - explicit `retry` and `abandon` decisions for unknown outcomes
@@ -75,9 +70,8 @@ Design post-crash activity recovery as one explicit slice. It should model:
 - retry budget, backoff, visible recovery status, startup discovery, and future
   clustered ownership fencing
 
-## Rework compaction - Aiden?
-
-The new agent loop needs to trigger compaction properly
+Do not introduce an enclosing durable execution identity solely to group these
+facts; a process-local Session drain has no durable transcript boundary.
 
 ## Plugin API design - James?
 
diff --git a/turbo.json b/turbo.json
index 220cd96e584..c9255902c50 100644
--- a/turbo.json
+++ b/turbo.json
@@ -13,6 +13,10 @@
       "outputs": [],
       "passThroughEnv": ["*"]
     },
+    "@opencode-ai/core#test": {
+      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
+      "outputs": []
+    },
     "@opencode-ai/app#test": {
       "dependsOn": ["^build"],
       "outputs": []