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Sukchan Lee 2019-04-28 00:01:51 +09:00
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---
title: Build on Ubuntu/Debian
---
### TUN device permissions
---
To run nextepc with least privilege, the TUN device privilege should be a `crw-rw-rw-`(666). Otherwise, you need to run nextepc daemon as root. If the permission is not `crw-rw-rw-`(666), you may need to install [udev](https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev/udev.html) package.
```bash
$ ls -al /dev/net/tun
crw-rw---- 1 root 28 10, 200 Feb 11 05:13 /dev/net/tun
$ sudo apt install udev
$ sudo systemctl start systemd-udevd (if '/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd' is not running)
$ ls -al /dev/net/tun
crw-rw-rw- 1 root 28 10, 200 Feb 11 05:13 /dev/net/tun
```
Nevertheless, if the permission do not change, you can run nextepc with root privileges or change the permission using [chmod](https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/chmod-invocation.html) as follows:
```bash
$ sudo chmod 666 /dev/net/tun
```
### Making TUN Permanent
---
Write a configuration file for the TUN deivce.
```bash
$ sudo sh -c "cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/network/99-nextepc.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=pgwtun
Kind=tun
EOF"
```
Create a TUN device. The interface name will be `pgwtun`.
```bash
$ sudo systemctl enable systemd-networkd
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd
$ sudo apt install net-tools
$ ifconfig pgwtun
pgwtun: flags=4241<UP,POINTOPOINT,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::e86e:86d8:ea24:f8ee prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 500 (UNSPEC)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 2 bytes 255 (255.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
```
Then, to support IPv6-enabled UEs, you must configure your TUN device to support IPv6.
```bash
$ sysctl -n net.ipv6.conf.pgwtun.disable_ipv6
1
$ sudo sh -c "echo 'net.ipv6.conf.pgwtun.disable_ipv6=0' > /etc/sysctl.d/30-nextepc.conf"
$ sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/30-nextepc.conf
$ sysctl -n net.ipv6.conf.pgwtun.disable_ipv6
0
```
**Note:** If your TUN device already supports IPv6, you can skip this steps above.
{: .notice--warning}
You are now ready to set the IP address on TUN device.
```bash
$ sudo sh -c "cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/network/99-nextepc.network
[Match]
Name=pgwtun
[Network]
Address=45.45.0.1/16
Address=cafe::1/64
EOF"
```
Restart the TUN device
```bash
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd
```
Make sure it is set up properly.
```bash
$ ifconfig pgwtun
pgwtun: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 45.45.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 destination 45.45.0.1
inet6 cafe::1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
inet6 fe80::e86e:86d8:ea24:f8ee prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 txqueuelen 500 (UNSPEC)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 20 bytes 2019 (2.0 KB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
```
**Note:** On *Linux*, you should run `nextepc-pgwd` first to correctly verify the IP address of TUN device. Otherwise, the TUN device's IP address is not displayed by the [ifconfig](http://net-tools.sourceforge.net/man/ifconfig.8.html) command.
{: .notice--warning}