diff --git a/scripts/lua/modules/alert_store/alert_store.lua b/scripts/lua/modules/alert_store/alert_store.lua
index ece68ab350..8b3f4aaa17 100644
--- a/scripts/lua/modules/alert_store/alert_store.lua
+++ b/scripts/lua/modules/alert_store/alert_store.lua
@@ -415,6 +415,13 @@ function alert_store:build_sql_cond(cond, is_write)
             sql_val = snmp_info[2]
         end
 
+        -- Reject non-numeric interface IDs to prevent SQL injection
+        local num_val = tonumber(sql_val)
+        if not num_val then
+            return "(1 = 0)"
+        end
+        sql_val = tostring(math.floor(num_val))
+
         if self._alert_entity == alert_entities.snmp_device then -- snmp entity
 
             sql_cond = self:get_column_name('port', is_write) .. sql_op .. sql_val
@@ -514,17 +521,18 @@ function alert_store:build_sql_cond(cond, is_write)
 
         -- String
     else
+        local escaped_val = self:_escape(cond.value)
         if cond.op == 'in' then
-            sql_cond = real_field .. ' LIKE ' .. string.format("'%%%s%%'", cond.value)
+            sql_cond = real_field .. ' LIKE ' .. string.format("'%%%s%%'", escaped_val)
         elseif cond.op == 'nin' then
-            sql_cond = real_field .. ' NOT LIKE ' .. string.format("'%%%s%%'", cond.value)
+            sql_cond = real_field .. ' NOT LIKE ' .. string.format("'%%%s%%'", escaped_val)
         elseif cond.op == 'empty' then
             sql_cond = real_field .. ' = ' .. "''"
         elseif cond.op == 'nempty' then
             sql_cond = real_field .. ' <> ' .. "''"
         else
             -- Any other operator
-            sql_cond = string.format("%s %s ('%s')", real_field, sql_op, cond.value)
+            sql_cond = string.format("%s %s ('%s')", real_field, sql_op, escaped_val)
         end
     end
 
diff --git a/scripts/lua/modules/vulnerability_scan/vs_utils.lua b/scripts/lua/modules/vulnerability_scan/vs_utils.lua
index 4d9cf9f5c0..d671734a4d 100644
--- a/scripts/lua/modules/vulnerability_scan/vs_utils.lua
+++ b/scripts/lua/modules/vulnerability_scan/vs_utils.lua
@@ -2687,6 +2687,15 @@ function vs_utils.runCommand(scan_command, use_coroutines)
    return result
 end
 
+-- **********************************************************
+-- Validates that a nmap target is a plain IP address or CIDR (IPv4 or IPv6).
+-- Rejects anything containing shell metacharacters to prevent command injection.
+local function is_valid_nmap_target(target)
+   if isEmptyString(target) then return false end
+   local ip = target:match("^([^/]+)") or target
+   return isIPv4(ip) or isIPv6(ip)
+end
+
 -- **********************************************************
 -- Function to scan host
 function vs_utils.nmap_scan_host(command, host_ip, ports, use_coroutines, module_name)
@@ -2696,6 +2705,11 @@ function vs_utils.nmap_scan_host(command, host_ip, ports, use_coroutines, module
       return nil
    end
 
+   if not is_valid_nmap_target(host_ip) then
+      traceError(TRACE_WARNING, TRACE_CONSOLE, "nmap_scan_host: invalid target rejected: " .. tostring(host_ip))
+      return nil
+   end
+
    -- IPv6 check
    if(string.contains(host_ip, ':')) then command = command .. " -6 " end
 
@@ -2722,6 +2736,11 @@ end
 -- **********************************************************
 -- Function to check if a host is available
 function vs_utils.nmap_check_host(host_ip, use_coroutines)
+   if not is_valid_nmap_target(host_ip) then
+      traceError(TRACE_WARNING, TRACE_CONSOLE, "nmap_check_host: invalid target rejected: " .. tostring(host_ip))
+      return nil, 0
+   end
+
    local nmap =  vs_utils.get_nmap_path()
    local scan_command = nmap.." -sn"
 
diff --git a/scripts/lua/rest/v2/add/host/to_scan.lua b/scripts/lua/rest/v2/add/host/to_scan.lua
index 9b533d1491..fc5454dd5f 100644
--- a/scripts/lua/rest/v2/add/host/to_scan.lua
+++ b/scripts/lua/rest/v2/add/host/to_scan.lua
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ if isEmptyString(host) or isEmptyString(scan_type) then
     rest_utils.answer(rest_utils.consts.err.bad_content)
     return
 end
+
+-- Validate that host is a plain IP address or CIDR before passing to nmap,
+-- preventing OS command injection via shell metacharacters in the host parameter.
+local ip_part = host:match("^([^/]+)") or host
+if not isIPv4(ip_part) and not isIPv6(ip_part) then
+    rest_utils.answer(rest_utils.consts.err.bad_content)
+    return
+end
 local result = nil
 local id = nil
 
diff --git a/src/Ntop.cpp b/src/Ntop.cpp
index db313d691a..e625b201cb 100644
--- a/src/Ntop.cpp
+++ b/src/Ntop.cpp
@@ -1757,23 +1757,38 @@ bool Ntop::checkHTTPAuth(const char* user, const char* password,
 
   if (!password || !password[0]) return false;
 
-  postLen = 100 + strlen(user) + strlen(password);
-  if (!(httpUrl = (char*)calloc(sizeof(char), MAX_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_LEN)) ||
-      !(postData = (char*)calloc(sizeof(char), postLen + 1)) ||
-      !(returnData = (char*)calloc(
-            sizeof(char), MAX_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_RETURN_DATA_LEN + 1))) {
-    ntop->getTrace()->traceEvent(TRACE_ERROR,
-                                 "HTTP: unable to allocate memory");
-    goto http_auth_out;
+  /* JSON-escape user and password to prevent injection via '"' or '\' in credentials.
+     user is bounded to 32 chars and password to 129, so 2x sizes cover worst case. */
+  {
+    char escaped_user[65] = {}, escaped_password[259] = {};
+    auto json_escape = [](const char* src, char* dst, size_t dst_size) {
+      size_t oi = 0;
+      for (size_t i = 0; src[i] && oi < dst_size - 2; i++) {
+        if (src[i] == '"' || src[i] == '\\') dst[oi++] = '\\';
+        dst[oi++] = src[i];
+      }
+      dst[oi] = '\0';
+    };
+    json_escape(user, escaped_user, sizeof(escaped_user));
+    json_escape(password, escaped_password, sizeof(escaped_password));
+    postLen = 100 + (int)strlen(escaped_user) + (int)strlen(escaped_password);
+    if (!(httpUrl = (char*)calloc(sizeof(char), MAX_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_LEN)) ||
+        !(postData = (char*)calloc(sizeof(char), postLen + 1)) ||
+        !(returnData = (char*)calloc(
+              sizeof(char), MAX_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_RETURN_DATA_LEN + 1))) {
+      ntop->getTrace()->traceEvent(TRACE_ERROR,
+                                   "HTTP: unable to allocate memory");
+      goto http_auth_out;
+    }
+    ntop->getRedis()->get((char*)PREF_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_URL, httpUrl,
+                          MAX_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_LEN);
+    if (!httpUrl[0]) {
+      ntop->getTrace()->traceEvent(TRACE_ERROR, "HTTP: no http url set !");
+      goto http_auth_out;
+    }
+    snprintf(postData, postLen, "{\"user\": \"%s\", \"password\": \"%s\"}",
+             escaped_user, escaped_password);
   }
-  ntop->getRedis()->get((char*)PREF_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_URL, httpUrl,
-                        MAX_HTTP_AUTHENTICATOR_LEN);
-  if (!httpUrl[0]) {
-    ntop->getTrace()->traceEvent(TRACE_ERROR, "HTTP: no http url set !");
-    goto http_auth_out;
-  }
-  snprintf(postData, postLen, "{\"user\": \"%s\", \"password\": \"%s\"}", user,
-           password);
 
   if (Utils::postHTTPJsonData(NULL,  // no token
                               NULL,  // no digest user
diff --git a/src/ZMQCollectorInterface.cpp b/src/ZMQCollectorInterface.cpp
index 49b42204d9..33e2e2daf5 100644
--- a/src/ZMQCollectorInterface.cpp
+++ b/src/ZMQCollectorInterface.cpp
@@ -507,10 +507,22 @@ void ZMQCollectorInterface::collect_flows() {
               uLen = uncompressed_len =
                   ndpi_min(ndpi_max(10 * size, MAX_ZMQ_FLOW_BUF),
                            MAX_ZMQ_FLOW_BUF / 3); /* Compatibility mode */
-            else
+            else {
+              /* Guard against integer overflow: a malicious sender could set
+                 uncompressed_size to UINT32_MAX causing +16 to wrap to ~15,
+                 then malloc(16) would be followed by a multi-GB uncompress write. */
+              if (received_uncompressed_size > MAX_ZMQ_FLOW_BUF) {
+                ntop->getTrace()->traceEvent(
+                    TRACE_WARNING,
+                    "ZMQ: dropping message with oversized uncompressed_size claim "
+                    "[%u > %u]",
+                    received_uncompressed_size, MAX_ZMQ_FLOW_BUF);
+                continue;
+              }
               uLen = uncompressed_len =
                   received_uncompressed_size +
                   16; /* We know already the uncompressed size */
+            }
 
             uncompressed = (char*)malloc(uncompressed_len + 1);
 
diff --git a/third-party/clickhouse-cpp b/third-party/clickhouse-cpp
index 506248dd04..620ec41bff 160000
--- a/third-party/clickhouse-cpp
+++ b/third-party/clickhouse-cpp
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 506248dd049318226805b99ddaf873008762bef4
+Subproject commit 620ec41bff2fcaf01c4e72eb64fe47302a41b781