learn-claude-code/s03_permission

s03: Permission — Check Permissions Before Execution

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s01 → s02 → s03 → s04 → s05 → ... → s16 → s17

"Check permissions before executing" — The permission pipeline decides which operations need approval.

Harness Layer: Permission — a gate before tool execution.

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The Problem

s02's Agent has 5 tools. File tools are protected by safe_path, but bash is unrestricted. Ask it to "clean up the project," and it might run rm -rf /.

Safety can't rely on trusting the model — it needs code: a check before every tool execution.

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The Solution

s02's loop is fully preserved. The only change is inserting check_permission() before tool execution — each tool call passes through three gates in a fixed order: hard deny first, then soft ask, and if neither matches, allow.

The three gates correspond to three decisions:

Gate	Purpose	On Match
1. Deny List	Permanently forbidden operations (rm -rf /, sudo)	Denied immediately, not executed
2. Rule Matching	Context-dependent operations (reading/writing outside workspace, rm files)	Passed to Gate 3
3. User Approval	After Gate 2 matches, pauses for user confirmation	User decides allow or deny

None of the three gates match → execute directly. Most routine operations take this path.

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How It Works

Gate 1: A hard deny list. Check first; if matched, return a block message. This list uses simple string matching to show where the permission gate sits; it is not a complete security boundary.

DENY_LIST = [
    "rm -rf /", "sudo", "shutdown", "reboot",
    "mkfs", "dd if=", "> /dev/sda",
]

def check_deny_list(command: str) -> str | None:
    for pattern in DENY_LIST:
        if pattern in command:
            return f"Blocked: '{pattern}' is on the deny list"
    return None

Gate 2: Rule matching — describes "when to ask the user." Each rule specifies a tool and a check condition.

PERMISSION_RULES = [
    {
        "tools": ["read_file", "write_file", "edit_file"],
        "check": lambda args: not (WORKDIR / args.get("path", "")).resolve().is_relative_to(WORKDIR),
        "message": "Access outside workspace",
    },
    {
        "tools": ["bash"],
        "check": lambda args: any(kw in args.get("command", "") for kw in ["rm ", "> /etc/", "chmod 777"]),
        "message": "Potentially destructive command",
    },
]

def check_rules(tool_name: str, args: dict) -> str | None:
    for rule in PERMISSION_RULES:
        if tool_name in rule["tools"] and rule["check"](args):
            return rule["message"]
    return None

Gate 3: After a rule matches, pause for user input.

def ask_user(tool_name: str, args: dict, reason: str) -> str:
    print(f"\n⚠  {reason}")
    print(f"   Tool: {tool_name}({args})")
    choice = input("   Allow? [y/N] ").strip().lower()
    return "allow" if choice in ("y", "yes") else "deny"

All three gates chained together, inserted before tool execution:

def check_permission(block) -> bool:
    # Gate 1: Hard deny
    if block.name == "bash":
        reason = check_deny_list(block.input.get("command", ""))
        if reason:
            print(f"\n⛔ {reason}")
            return False

    # Gate 2 + 3: Rule matching → User approval
    reason = check_rules(block.name, block.input)
    if reason:
        decision = ask_user(block.name, block.input, reason)
        if decision == "deny":
            return False

    return True

# In agent_loop — s02's loop with just one line added:
for block in tool_calls:
    if not check_permission(block):           # ← NEW
        results.append({... "content": "Permission denied."})
        continue
    output = TOOL_HANDLERS[block.name](**block.input)  # s02 original
    results.append(...)

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Changes from s02

Component	Before (s02)	After (s03)
Security model	None (trust the model)	Three-gate permission pipeline
New functions	—	check_deny_list, check_rules, ask_user, check_permission
Loop	Executes all tools directly	Inserts check_permission() before execution

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Try It

cd learn-claude-code
python s03_permission/code.py

Try these prompts:

1. Create a file called test.txt in the current directory (should pass through)
2. Delete the file test.txt (bash + rm triggers Gate 2)
3. What files are in the current directory? (read-only, all pass)
4. Try to write a file to /etc/something (writing outside workspace triggers Gate 2)

What to watch for: Which operations pass through? Which need your confirmation? Which are denied outright?

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What's Next

Permission checks are in place — but every check is hardcoded as check_permission() inside the loop. What if you want to add logging before and after each tool execution? What if you want to auto-trigger a git commit after certain operations? Scattering this extension logic throughout the loop makes it bloat.

→ s04 Hooks: Add hooks to the loop. Extension logic hangs on hooks; the loop stays clean.