The current integration treats SME as a single capability (CPU_FEATURE_SME)
with no distinction between SME(v1) and SME2. The kernels dispatched under
CPU_FEATURE_SME use SME2-specific instructions, making dispatch incorrect
on SME(v1)-only hardware.
We introduce build-time and runtime distinction between SME and SME2, and
wire SME(v1) and SME2 kernels based on actual hardware support.
* Sycl tp stage1 (#1)
* SYCL: tensor parallelism (--split-mode tensor) for dual-GPU
Adds the comm_init/comm_free/comm_allreduce_tensor trio that the
meta-backend queries via get_proc_address to enable backend-specific
all-reduce, mirroring the pattern used by ggml-cuda.cu.
For N=2 (the common dual-GPU case) implements a degenerate ring
all-reduce with two size-branched paths:
* Small (nelem < 32768): FP32 direct memcpy + per-device ADD kernel
chained via depends_on(memcpy_event). 4 SYCL submissions/call.
* Large (nelem >= 32768): BF16-compressed. Each device compresses
FP32 -> BF16 in a local outbox, cross-device memcpys to the peer's
inbox (HALF the PCIe bytes), then decompresses + adds into the
local FP32 partial. 6 SYCL submissions/call but PCIe bytes halved
-- wins for any tensor where PCIe dominates kernel time.
Threshold and BF16 path pattern mirror the CUDA NCCL allreduce.
Storage: ONE persistent uint8_t buffer per device, 4 * nelem bytes
(matches both path layouts: FP32 nelem floats; BF16 outbox+inbox =
2 * nelem uint16_t each). Single alloc+free per device keeps the
SYCL pool's strict-LIFO invariant trivial.
Initial impl handles N=2 FP32 contiguous tensors. Other cases return
false, causing the meta-backend to use its generic butterfly fallback.
Per-call sync is intentionally omitted. SYCL in-order queue semantics
ensure that the meta-backend's next compute on the same per-device
queue waits for our final ADD, and the next allreduce's first op on
the same persistent buffer waits via the same queue. Only comm_free
does an explicit final wait.
OneCCL is NOT used: OneCCL 2021.17 hardcodes single-device-per-process
in communicator_impl.hpp:47 (condition devices.size() == 1), which is
incompatible with llama.cpp's single-process multi-GPU model.
Measured on dual Intel Arc Pro B70 (NEO 26.05.x, oneAPI 2025.3 +
DPC++ nightly):
Llama-3.3-70B Q4_K_M, -sm tensor -fa 1 -ctk f16 -ctv f16:
pp512 = 377.08 t/s (vs 313.65 layer mode = +20.2%)
tg128 = 17.40 t/s (vs 9.74 layer mode = +78.6%)
Qwen3-Coder-Next-80B-A3B Q3_K_M (MoE):
pp512 = 216.56 t/s (vs 156.58 meta-backend butterfly = +38.3%)
tg128 = 17.60 t/s (vs 14.31 meta-backend butterfly = +23.0%)
Qwen3-4B Q4_K_M:
pp64 = 984.51 t/s, tg16 = 49.29 t/s
Llama-3.3-70B in SYCL TP now comfortably beats production layer mode
on both prefill and decode. Coder-Next-80B-A3B (MoE) also wins on
both — the BF16 path is what unlocks the many-medium-allreduces
prefill pattern.
Build/CMake: no changes. No new dependencies. ~210 lines added across
ggml-sycl.h and ggml-sycl.cpp.
* Fix comments
* documentation update to address PR feedback
* Bring over my device-to-device memcpy chagnes
* move the dev2dev_memcpy calls to the upstream 7-parameter variety
* Fix a typo and remove a trailing whitespace
* Make ggml_gated_delta_net take only the initial recurrent state (D, 1, n_seqs) and passes the snapshot count K as an op parameter instead of inferring it from state->ne[1].
Remove the padding hack and copy all emitted snapshots into the recurrent cache with a single strided ggml_cpy
* Make GDN changes in all backends. Address review comments.
* Fix CI build errors
* cpu: add GGML_OP_COL2IM_1D
Add the overlap-add (scatter-add) step of a 1D transposed convolution.
A ConvTranspose1d factorizes as a GEMM followed by col2im: a weight
pre-permuted to [IC, K*OC] is contracted against the [IC, T_in] input
with mul_mat to produce a column matrix [K*OC, T_in], and col2im_1d
scatters those columns back into the [T_out, OC] signal, with
T_out = (T_in - 1)*s0 + K - 2*p0.
Keeping the contraction as a plain mul_mat leaves the heavy work on the
optimized (and quantizable) matmul kernels, so col2im_1d only does the
cheap overlap-add.
CPU uses a gather formulation parallelized over output channels,
supporting F32, F16 and BF16 with an F32 accumulator.
* tests: add backend coverage for GGML_OP_COL2IM_1D
Add test_col2im_1d next to the conv_transpose_1d cases, covering F32,
F16 and BF16 across eight geometries: the canonical kernel = 2*stride
DAC upsampling shape, overlap, no overlap, cropping (p0 = 1 and
p0 = stride/2), kernel < stride with zeroed gaps, kernel not a
multiple of stride, and a single column unfold.
Perf mode gets three real vocoder stage shapes reporting memory
bandwidth. max_nmse_err relaxes to 5e-4 for F16 and BF16.
* cpu: harden GGML_OP_COL2IM_1D
ggml_col2im_1d validates s0, oc, p0 and input contiguity at graph
build time, before the oc division, protecting every backend at once.
The kernel asserts the contiguity its flat indexing assumes and its
doc states the full output length including the crop term.
The kernel parallelizes over the time axis: the split stays balanced
down to OC = 1, where the previous channel split was single threaded.
Values are bit identical on the three real vocoder chains, two out of
three improve.
* tests: extend the GGML_OP_COL2IM_1D grid
The eval grid grows to eleven geometries: OC = 1 (mono output stage),
K = 1 with stride > 1 (sparse scatter, every gap position zeroed) and
a crop down to T_out = 2 where all the gather bounds act at once.
* tests: add col2im_1d equivalence test
tests/test-col2im-1d.cpp proves mul_mat + col2im_1d matches the
native ggml_conv_transpose_1d on the CPU backend, F32 bit exact, F16
and BF16 through casts of the column matrix. test-backend-ops cannot
cover this for a CPU only op since the CPU backend is its own
reference there.
* rpc: bump protocol patch version for GGML_OP_COL2IM_1D
GGML_OP_COUNT goes from 96 to 97 with the new op, which trips the
static_assert in ggml-rpc.h. Bump RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION since the
op is appended and no existing op code shifts.
* ggml: implement `gguf_init_from_buffer`
* test: `gguf_init_from_buffer`
* fix: memory breakdown for a model loaded with `no_alloc` from a file is consistent with being loaded from a buffer
* fix: use `GGML_UNUSED`
Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
* fix: remove `total_size` from `gguf_reader`
* fix: file offset calculation, rename `offset` to `data_offset`
Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
* refactor: extract model loader bug fixes to another PR
* feat: add `gguf_init_from_callback`
* fix: always require a max expected size
* fix: change `gguf_reader_callback_t`'s `output` type to `void *`, change `max_expected_size` and offsets to `uint64_t`
* fix: harden against offset overflow in buffer read
* fix: remove seek behavior from the callback
* feat: `max_chunk_read == 0` means `SIZE_MAX`
* fix: seeking in a gguf file with no tensors
---------
Co-authored-by: Copilot <copilot@github.com>
* spec: support MTP
* fix batch size
* rename files
* cont : simplify (#7)
* MTP: clean-up (#9)
* MTP: clean-up
* review: use llama_context_type instead of llama_graph_type
* review: remove llama_model_has_mtp
* review: fix convert issues
* convert: fix pycheck
* review: formatting
* use `mtp-` for identifying mtp models
* convert: fix mtp conversion
* mtp -> draft-mtp
* remove unused llama_arch
* add need_embd in speculative
* llama: allow partial seq_rm for GDN models for speculative decoding
Currently speculative checkpoint needs to restart from a checkpoint
after some draft tokens are not accepted, this leads to some wastage in
running the target again. This PR adds the ability to rollback upto
`draft_max` by storing the GDN intermediates.
* fix pending state
* vulkan: add GDN partial rollback
* meta: extend check to axis 1
* metal: add GDN partial rollback
Extend the gated delta net kernel to store intermediate states for
partial rollback support on the Metal backend.
- Add K (snapshot slot count) as a function constant
- Read input state from slot 0 of the 3D state tensor
- Write intermediate states to different slots during token loop
- For K=1, maintain backward-compatible single-slot behavior
Ref: 8c05923630
Assisted-by: llama.cpp:local pi
* delta_net_base: use ggml_pad instead of new_tensor
* review: add need_rs_seq
* review: rename part_bounded to n_rs
* review: deslop comments
* review: rename, add asserts
* server : adjust checkpoint logic (#11)
* server : adjust checkpoint logic
* cont : rm asserts
* server-context: fix early exit
* spec : fix compatibility with n-gram and add TODOs (#13)
* metal : cleanup
* llama : fix faulty bitwise check in recurrent memory
* server : disable RS-based MTP in combination with other spec types
* spec : add TODOs
* cont : fix comment
* cont : update comment
* common : fix logic for ngram + mtp compat
* llama-memory: enable checkpointing with partial rollback
* cont: add test-case for loading into a dirty ctx
* llama-memory-recurrent: clear rs_idx in clear
* download: fix mtp path
* llama-arch: fix enorm op
* docs: update docs
* conversion: fix type annotations
---------
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
* CUDA: manage NCCL communicators in context
* add check that all backends are CUDA
* remove unused vector, limit init to > 1 GPUs
* fix warnings
* fix cuda device, cache allreduce
* ggml: backend-agnostic tensor parallelism
* support for GPT-OSS, Qwen 3 MoE
* partial Vulkan fix
* add support for 4/8 GPUs
* unconditional peer access
* re-use buffers + ggml contexts
* fix output pattern
* NCCL support
* GGML: HIP: add RCCL support
* Remove shfl and AllReduce from backend interface
* move allocation workaround out of ggml-alloc.c
* 2d tensor set/get support
* Fix the seg fault without NCCL
* Apply suggestion from JohannesGaessler
* support for tensor dims % n_devs != 0
* fix view_offs scaling
* arbitrary num. of GPUs/tensor split
* fix compilation
* better granularity estimate
* Support device-specific host buffer types if all underlying backends expose the same type. This allows using pinned memory instead of pageable memory for CUDA.
Fix compilation errors.
* partial Qwen 3 Next support
* Fix qwen3 30b (#8)
* Fix crash with Qwen-30B-A3B Q4_0
Qwen-30B-A3B Q4_0 has an intermediate dimension of 768. Using a granularity of 256 forces an uneven split between GPUs, which is not supported by the current implementation.
* Decide block size based on tensor quantization type
* Fix crashes due to KV cache serialization (#9)
KV cache serialization requires non-zero offsets on the tensor. Add support in the meta backend to set/get a tensor with a non-zero offset.
* metal : fix build (#7)
* static memory allocations, fix usage count
* fix tensor granularity
* more even memory distribution
* use BF16 for allreduce
* rebase fixup
* better error message for unsupported architectures
* Fix device mismatch during scatter of allReduce. (#11)
There is a mismatch between the dst buffer device and the backend device, causing the use of sync copies
* Enable the previous allreduce implementation. It is better in both perf and stability (#12)
* delay AllReduce for Moe for less I/O
* build : clean-up compile warnings
* backend : move most of the meta backend API to ggml-backend-impl.h
* cont : hide unused public API in the implementation
* llama : use llama_device + remove ggml_backend_dev_is_meta()
* ggml-backend : remove unused alloc include
* minor : remove regex include
* ggml : introduce ggml-ext.h for staging new APIs
* rebase fixup
* fix tests
* llama : more robust logic for determining Meta devices (#16)
* llama : more robust logic for determining Meta devices
* cont : fix devs size check
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* cont : fix log type
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
---------
Co-authored-by: Johannes Gäßler <johannesg@5d6.de>
* disable roundtrip for meta backend
* fix arch selection
* Qwen 3.5 support
* fix Gemma 4 MoE
* fix OpenVino, SYCL
* fix test-llama-archs for CPU-only builds
* Fix Qwen 3.5 MoE
* disable meta backend tests for WebGPU
* tests : filter CPU-based devices from the Meta backend tests (#17)
* meta : formatting, naming, indentation (#18)
* formatting : llama-model.cpp
* formatting : ggml-ext.h
* formatting : ggml-backend-meta.cpp
* meta : add TODO
* add documentation
* better error messages
* fix GPT-OSS
---------
Co-authored-by: Carl Philipp Klemm <carl@uvos.xyz>
Co-authored-by: Gaurav Garg <gaugarg@nvidia.com>
Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>