diff --git a/backend/app/hands/capabilities.py b/backend/app/hands/capabilities.py
index 82b4a276..12f49304 100644
--- a/backend/app/hands/capabilities.py
+++ b/backend/app/hands/capabilities.py
@@ -91,6 +91,24 @@ def _can_launch_local_cdp_browser() -> bool:
         return False
 
 
+def _has_terminal_shell() -> bool:
+    """Return whether the runtime has a shell suitable for terminal tools."""
+    if os.name == "nt":
+        candidates = (
+            "bash",
+            "pwsh",
+            "pwsh.exe",
+            "powershell",
+            "powershell.exe",
+            "cmd",
+            "cmd.exe",
+        )
+    else:
+        candidates = ("bash", "sh")
+
+    return any(shutil.which(candidate) is not None for candidate in candidates)
+
+
 @dataclass
 class BrainCapabilities:
     """
@@ -151,7 +169,7 @@ def detect_capabilities(config: dict | None = None) -> BrainCapabilities:
             logger.info("Brain running in Docker, using limited capabilities")
             deployment = "docker"
             caps = BrainCapabilities(
-                has_terminal=shutil.which("bash") is not None,
+                has_terminal=_has_terminal_shell(),
                 has_browser=False,
                 filesystem_scope="workspace_only",
                 mcp_mode="all",  # MCP available in all deployment modes
@@ -174,7 +192,7 @@ def detect_capabilities(config: dict | None = None) -> BrainCapabilities:
                     "not running under Electron host, and no launchable browser found."
                 )
             caps = BrainCapabilities(
-                has_terminal=shutil.which("bash") is not None,
+                has_terminal=_has_terminal_shell(),
                 has_browser=has_browser,
                 filesystem_scope="full",
                 mcp_mode="all",
@@ -188,7 +206,7 @@ def detect_capabilities(config: dict | None = None) -> BrainCapabilities:
     else:
         # sandbox / docker / container -> limited capabilities
         caps = BrainCapabilities(
-            has_terminal=shutil.which("bash") is not None,
+            has_terminal=_has_terminal_shell(),
             has_browser=False,
             filesystem_scope="workspace_only",
             mcp_mode="all",  # MCP available in all deployment modes
diff --git a/backend/tests/app/hands/test_capabilities.py b/backend/tests/app/hands/test_capabilities.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1926c468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/app/hands/test_capabilities.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# ========= Copyright 2025-2026 @ Eigent.ai All Rights Reserved. =========
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+# ========= Copyright 2025-2026 @ Eigent.ai All Rights Reserved. =========
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.hands import capabilities
+from app.hands.environment_hands import EnvironmentHands
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_has_terminal_shell_accepts_windows_powershell(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities.os, "name", "nt")
+
+    def fake_which(command: str) -> str | None:
+        if command == "powershell.exe":
+            return (
+                "C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\"
+                "powershell.exe"
+            )
+        return None
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities.shutil, "which", fake_which)
+
+    assert capabilities._has_terminal_shell() is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_has_terminal_shell_accepts_posix_sh(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities.os, "name", "posix")
+
+    def fake_which(command: str) -> str | None:
+        if command == "sh":
+            return "/bin/sh"
+        return None
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities.shutil, "which", fake_which)
+
+    assert capabilities._has_terminal_shell() is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.unit
+def test_detect_capabilities_uses_terminal_shell_probe(monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities, "_is_running_in_docker", lambda: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities, "_probe_cdp_browser", lambda: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities, "_is_electron_runtime", lambda: False)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        capabilities, "_can_launch_local_cdp_browser", lambda: False
+    )
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities, "env", lambda _, default=None: default)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities.shutil, "which", lambda _: None)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(capabilities, "_has_terminal_shell", lambda: True)
+
+    caps = capabilities.detect_capabilities()
+    hands = EnvironmentHands(caps)
+
+    assert caps.has_terminal is True
+    assert hands.can_execute_terminal() is True