diff --git a/src/providers/crush.ts b/src/providers/crush.ts
index 5661d82..b56f488 100644
--- a/src/providers/crush.ts
+++ b/src/providers/crush.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { readFile } from 'fs/promises'
 import { join, resolve } from 'path'
 import { homedir, platform } from 'os'
 
-import { calculateCost } from '../models.js'
 import { isSqliteAvailable, getSqliteLoadError, openDatabase, type SqliteDatabase } from '../sqlite.js'
 import type { Provider, SessionSource, SessionParser, ParsedProviderCall } from './types.js'
 
@@ -165,10 +164,7 @@ function createParser(source: SessionSource, seenKeys: Set<string>): SessionPars
 
         const model = dominantModel(db, sessionId)
         // Crush already records cost in dollars; trust it. Fall back to
-        // pricing-table calculation only when the row is missing a cost.
-        const costUSD = cost > 0
-          ? cost
-          : calculateCost(model, inputTokens, outputTokens, 0, 0, 0)
+        // host-side pricing-table calculation only when the row is missing a cost.
 
         yield {
           provider: 'crush',
@@ -180,7 +176,9 @@ function createParser(source: SessionSource, seenKeys: Set<string>): SessionPars
           cachedInputTokens: 0,
           reasoningTokens: 0,
           webSearchRequests: 0,
-          costUSD,
+          ...(cost > 0
+            ? { costUSD: cost, costBasis: 'measured' as const }
+            : { costBasis: 'estimated' as const }),
           tools: [],
           bashCommands: [],
           timestamp: epochSecondsToIso(session.updated_at ?? session.created_at),
diff --git a/src/providers/openclaw.ts b/src/providers/openclaw.ts
index bc6da53..4ec954b 100644
--- a/src/providers/openclaw.ts
+++ b/src/providers/openclaw.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { basename, join } from 'path'
 import { homedir } from 'os'
 
 import { readSessionFile } from '../fs-utils.js'
-import { calculateCost } from '../models.js'
 import { extractBashCommands } from '../bash-utils.js'
 import type { Provider, SessionSource, SessionParser, ParsedProviderCall } from './types.js'
 
@@ -172,9 +171,6 @@ function createParser(source: SessionSource, seenKeys: Set<string>): SessionPars
 
         const u = call.usage
         const costFromProvider = u.cost?.total ?? 0
-        const costUSD = costFromProvider > 0
-          ? costFromProvider
-          : calculateCost(call.model, u.input, u.output, u.cacheWrite, u.cacheRead, 0)
 
         const ts = new Date(call.timestamp)
         if (isNaN(ts.getTime()) || ts.getTime() < 1_000_000_000_000) continue
@@ -189,7 +185,9 @@ function createParser(source: SessionSource, seenKeys: Set<string>): SessionPars
           cachedInputTokens: u.cacheRead,
           reasoningTokens: 0,
           webSearchRequests: 0,
-          costUSD,
+          ...(costFromProvider > 0
+            ? { costUSD: costFromProvider, costBasis: 'measured' as const }
+            : { costBasis: 'estimated' as const }),
           tools: [...new Set(call.tools)],
           bashCommands: [...new Set(call.bashCommands)],
           timestamp: ts.toISOString(),
diff --git a/tests/providers/crush.test.ts b/tests/providers/crush.test.ts
index b86f535..4a373dd 100644
--- a/tests/providers/crush.test.ts
+++ b/tests/providers/crush.test.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { tmpdir } from 'os'
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
 
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest'
+import { priceProviderCall } from '../../src/pricing-pass.js'
 import { isSqliteAvailable } from '../../src/sqlite.js'
 import { createCrushProvider } from '../../src/providers/crush.js'
 import type { ParsedProviderCall } from '../../src/providers/types.js'
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ async function writeRegistry(globalDataDir: string, entries: Record<string, { pa
 
 async function collect(parser: { parse(): AsyncGenerator<ParsedProviderCall> }): Promise<ParsedProviderCall[]> {
   const out: ParsedProviderCall[] = []
-  for await (const call of parser.parse()) out.push(call)
+  for await (const call of parser.parse()) out.push(priceProviderCall(call))
   return out
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/providers/openclaw.test.ts b/tests/providers/openclaw.test.ts
index d988aac..01a5049 100644
--- a/tests/providers/openclaw.test.ts
+++ b/tests/providers/openclaw.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, afterAll } from 'vitest'
+import { priceProviderCall } from '../../src/pricing-pass.js'
 import { createOpenClawProvider } from '../../src/providers/openclaw.js'
 import { writeFile, mkdir, rm } from 'fs/promises'
 import { join } from 'path'
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ describe('openclaw provider', () => {
     const parser = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], new Set())
     const calls: any[] = []
     for await (const call of parser.parse()) {
-      calls.push(call)
+      calls.push(priceProviderCall(call))
     }
     expect(calls.length).toBe(2)
     expect(calls[0].provider).toBe('openclaw')
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ describe('openclaw provider', () => {
     const sources = await provider.discoverSessions()
     const parser = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], new Set())
     const calls: any[] = []
-    for await (const call of parser.parse()) calls.push(call)
+    for await (const call of parser.parse()) calls.push(priceProviderCall(call))
     expect(calls[1].costUSD).toBe(0.05)
   })
 
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ describe('openclaw provider', () => {
     const sources = await provider.discoverSessions()
     const parser = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], new Set())
     const calls: any[] = []
-    for await (const call of parser.parse()) calls.push(call)
+    for await (const call of parser.parse()) calls.push(priceProviderCall(call))
     expect(calls[1].tools).toContain('Bash')
     expect(calls[1].tools).toContain('Read')
     expect(calls[1].tools).toContain('Write')
@@ -108,11 +109,11 @@ describe('openclaw provider', () => {
     const seen = new Set<string>()
     const parser1 = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], seen)
     const calls1: any[] = []
-    for await (const c of parser1.parse()) calls1.push(c)
+    for await (const c of parser1.parse()) calls1.push(priceProviderCall(c))
     expect(calls1.length).toBe(2)
     const parser2 = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], seen)
     const calls2: any[] = []
-    for await (const c of parser2.parse()) calls2.push(c)
+    for await (const c of parser2.parse()) calls2.push(priceProviderCall(c))
     expect(calls2.length).toBe(0)
   })
 
@@ -131,7 +132,7 @@ describe('openclaw provider', () => {
     const sources = await provider.discoverSessions()
     const parser = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], new Set())
     const calls: any[] = []
-    for await (const c of parser.parse()) calls.push(c)
+    for await (const c of parser.parse()) calls.push(priceProviderCall(c))
     expect(calls[0].model).toBe('gpt-5.5')
   })
 
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ describe('openclaw provider', () => {
     const sources = await provider.discoverSessions()
     const parser = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], new Set())
     const calls: any[] = []
-    for await (const c of parser.parse()) calls.push(c)
+    for await (const c of parser.parse()) calls.push(priceProviderCall(c))
     expect(calls[0].model).toBe('glm-5.1:cloud')
   })
 
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ describe('openclaw provider', () => {
     const sources = await provider.discoverSessions()
     const parser = provider.createSessionParser(sources[0], new Set())
     const calls: any[] = []
-    for await (const c of parser.parse()) calls.push(c)
+    for await (const c of parser.parse()) calls.push(priceProviderCall(c))
     expect(calls.length).toBe(0)
   })