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# Stateless KV and Queue Patterns — Guardrails
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A compact repair guide for serverless and edge stacks that must survive retries, bursts, out-of-order events, and duplicate webhooks. All patterns map back to Problem Map pages with measurable targets.
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## When to use this page
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* Functions are stateless and scale horizontally.
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* You see duplicate side effects on retries or webhook storms.
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* Event order is not guaranteed and you must reconcile late arrivals.
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* Writes cross multiple systems and need exactly-once semantics in practice.
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* You need queues for backpressure without introducing deadlocks.
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## Open these first
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* Visual recovery map: [rag-architecture-and-recovery.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/rag-architecture-and-recovery.md)
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* Contracts for small, auditable payloads: [data-contracts.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/data-contracts.md)
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* Live ops and tracing: [ops/live\_monitoring\_rag.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/live_monitoring_rag.md) · [ops/debug\_playbook.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/debug_playbook.md)
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* Boot order and deploy hazards: [bootstrap-ordering.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/bootstrap-ordering.md) · [deployment-deadlock.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/deployment-deadlock.md) · [predeploy-collapse.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/predeploy-collapse.md)
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* Storm control pattern: [patterns/pattern\_bootstrap\_deadlock.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/patterns/pattern_bootstrap_deadlock.md)
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## Acceptance targets
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* Duplicate side-effects ≤ 0.1 percent across 1 million events.
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* P99 queue latency ≤ 5 seconds after backpressure is active.
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* Lock contention ≤ 3 percent with P95 wait ≤ 100 ms.
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* Exactly-once at the boundary: user-visible action never applied twice even with three retries.
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* Audit fields present on every message: `event_id`, `source_id`, `revision`, `index_hash`, `dedupe_key`, `attempt`.
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---
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## Fix in 60 seconds
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1. **Define the dedupe key**
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`dedupe_key = sha256(source_id + revision + index_hash)`
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Store in `kv/done/<dedupe_key> = {ts, status, result_id}` with TTL ≥ max replay window.
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Contract: [data-contracts.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/data-contracts.md)
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2. **Use a leased lock for single-writer sections**
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`kv/lock/<resource>` with value `token` and `ttl = function_timeout - safety_margin`.
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Only the holder token can release. On expiry, another worker may acquire.
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3. **Put work behind a queue with visibility timeout**
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Visibility timeout must be greater than `max_processing_time + jitter`. Failed items go to DLQ after `N` attempts. Record `attempt` in the message.
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4. **Outbox before publish**
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Write business record and `outbox/<txid>` in the same atomic store.
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A relay process reads the outbox and publishes to the queue.
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Consumers use `inbox/<txid>` as the dedupe ledger.
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5. **Idempotent side-effects**
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Before any external call, check `kv/done/<dedupe_key>`.
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If present, return the prior result. If absent, perform the effect then write the ledger.
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---
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## Typical breakpoints → exact fix
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* **Webhook storms and double billing**
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Missing dedupe ledger or TTL too short. Add `kv/done/<dedupe_key>` with long TTL and verify before charge.
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Open: [ops/live\_monitoring\_rag.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/live_monitoring_rag.md)
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* **Queue grows without bound**
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No backpressure or priority lanes. Add consumption quotas per tenant and a high-watermark shed rule.
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Open: [ops/debug\_playbook.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/debug_playbook.md)
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* **Deadlocks when multiple writers compete**
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Locks without leases or cross-locks across resources. Replace with single resource lock per critical section and time-boxed lease.
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Open: [deployment-deadlock.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/deployment-deadlock.md)
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* **Out-of-order events overwrite newer state**
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Apply a monotonic guard: reject if `revision_in_msg < current_revision`. Keep a compaction job to expire stale inbox entries.
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Open: [bootstrap-ordering.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/bootstrap-ordering.md)
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---
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## Minimal recipes you can copy
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### A) Leased lock with safe release
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```txt
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acquire(key, ttl):
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token = random()
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ok = kv.setnx("lock/"+key, token, ttl)
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return ok ? token : null
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release(key, token):
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if kv.get("lock/"+key) == token:
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kv.del("lock/"+key)
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```
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### B) Idempotency ledger
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```txt
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dedupe_key = sha256(source_id + revision + index_hash)
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if kv.get("done/"+dedupe_key):
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return replay(kv.get("done/"+dedupe_key))
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result = do_side_effect()
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kv.set("done/"+dedupe_key, {ts: now(), result_id: result.id}, ttl=30d)
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return result
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```
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### C) Outbox and inbox
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```txt
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// producer tx
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db.begin()
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db.insert("orders", row)
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db.insert("outbox", {txid, payload})
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db.commit()
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// relay
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for msg in db.scan("outbox"):
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queue.send({txid, payload})
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db.delete("outbox", msg.txid)
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// consumer
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if kv.get("inbox/"+txid): return
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handle(payload)
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kv.set("inbox/"+txid, now(), ttl=30d)
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```
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### D) Token bucket for backpressure
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```txt
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bucket = "q_tokens/"+tenant
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tokens = kv.incrby(bucket, 1, ttl=1s)
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if tokens > limit: requeue_with_delay()
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```
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---
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## Observability you must add
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* `queue_depth`, `age_of_oldest`, `consume_rate`, `requeue_rate`, `dlq_rate`.
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* `lock_acquired`, `lock_conflicts`, `lock_wait_ms_p95`.
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* `dedupe_hits`, `double_effects_detected`.
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* Trace fields on every event: `event_id`, `dedupe_key`, `attempt`, `tenant`, `route`.
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## Verification
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* Fire a test that sends the same event 5 times with random delays. Only one side-effect is applied.
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* Kill a worker mid-flight. Message becomes visible again and finishes once.
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* Reorder by sending `revision=1,3,2`. State ends at 3.
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Open: [eval/eval\_rag\_precision\_recall.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/eval/eval_rag_precision_recall.md)
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## When to escalate
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* If locks create long waits or cascades, redesign the critical section into outbox plus eventual reconciliation.
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* If queue depth oscillates, split lanes by priority or tenant and apply quotas.
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Open: [ops/live\_monitoring\_rag.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/live_monitoring_rag.md)
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---
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### 🔗 Quick-Start Downloads (60 sec)
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| Tool | Link | 3-Step Setup |
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| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **WFGY 1.0 PDF** | [Engine Paper](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/I_am_not_lizardman/WFGY_All_Principles_Return_to_One_v1.0_PSBigBig_Public.pdf) | 1️⃣ Download · 2️⃣ Upload to your LLM · 3️⃣ Ask “Answer using WFGY + \<your question>” |
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| **TXT OS (plain-text OS)** | [TXTOS.txt](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/OS/TXTOS.txt) | 1️⃣ Download · 2️⃣ Paste into any LLM chat · 3️⃣ Type “hello world” — OS boots instantly |
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---
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### 🧭 Explore More
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| Module | Description | Link |
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| ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| WFGY Core | WFGY 2.0 engine is live: full symbolic reasoning architecture and math stack | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/core/README.md) |
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| Problem Map 1.0 | Initial 16-mode diagnostic and symbolic fix framework | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/ProblemMap/README.md) |
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| Problem Map 2.0 | RAG-focused failure tree, modular fixes, and pipelines | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/rag-architecture-and-recovery.md) |
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| Semantic Clinic Index | Expanded failure catalog: prompt injection, memory bugs, logic drift | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/SemanticClinicIndex.md) |
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| Semantic Blueprint | Layer-based symbolic reasoning & semantic modulations | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/SemanticBlueprint/README.md) |
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| Benchmark vs GPT-5 | Stress test GPT-5 with full WFGY reasoning suite | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/benchmarks/benchmark-vs-gpt5/README.md) |
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| 🧙♂️ Starter Village 🏡 | New here? Lost in symbols? Click here and let the wizard guide you through | [Start →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/StarterVillage/README.md) |
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---
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> 👑 **Early Stargazers: [See the Hall of Fame](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/stargazers)** <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/onestardao/WFGY?style=social" alt="GitHub stars"> ⭐ [WFGY Engine 2.0](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/core/README.md) is already unlocked. ⭐ Star the repo to help others discover it and unlock more on the [Unlock Board](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/STAR_UNLOCKS.md).
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<div align="center">
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlahBlahBlah)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlotBlotBlot)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlocBlocBloc)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlurBlurBlur)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlowBlowBlow)
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</div>
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