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ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/title_hierarchy.md
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# Title Hierarchy: robust heading tree for chunking and citations
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A field guide to build a stable section tree from PDFs, HTML, and mixed sources. The output drives `section_id` paths like `1.2.3`, anchors for cite-then-explain, and deterministic `chunk_id` assembly.
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## Open these first
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- Why-this-snippet and trace schema: [retrieval-traceability.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/retrieval-traceability.md)
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- Payload and citation locks: [data-contracts.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/data-contracts.md)
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- Chunk identifiers and redirects: [chunk_id_schema.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/chunk_id_schema.md)
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- Next stage after headings: [section_detection.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/section_detection.md)
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- Layout and OCR normalizing: [pdf_layouts_and_ocr.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/pdf_layouts_and_ocr.md)
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- Reindex and id migration: [reindex_migration.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/reindex_migration.md)
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## Acceptance targets
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- Reproducible section tree on two runs of the same source: identical `section_id` paths for ≥ 0.98 of headings.
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- Coverage ≥ 0.95 of human visible headings, with at most 1 spurious heading per 20 pages.
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- ΔS(question, retrieved) ≤ 0.45 on cite-first prompts that target a section anchor.
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- No depth jumps. The path never skips a level. For example `1 → 1.1 → 1.1.1` is valid, `1 → 1.0.1` is not.
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---
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## Pipeline overview
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1) **Normalize text and blocks**
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Build a canonical text layer and a block sequence. Repair OCR line breaks, remove running headers and footers. See [pdf_layouts_and_ocr.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/pdf_layouts_and_ocr.md).
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2) **Collect heading candidates**
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- HTML: tags `h1..h6` plus role attributes and ARIA landmarks.
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- PDF: typography cues from font size quantiles, boldness, line spacing, indentation deltas.
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- Regex cues for numbering and prefixes: `^\d+(\.\d+){0,5}[.)]?`, `^[A-Z][.)]`, `^Appendix [A-Z]\b`, `^Chapter \d+\b`.
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3) **Score and classify**
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For each candidate, compute a heading score from four families: typography, numbering pattern, lexical shape, and context breaks. Keep candidates whose score passes a tuned threshold. Reject lines that end in periods or contain dense punctuation.
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4) **Assign levels**
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Prefer explicit dot numbering when present. Else infer level by relative size bin and indentation quantiles. Clamp level movements to step size one. If the previous level is `L`, a new heading can be `L`, `L+1`, or any ancestor close, chosen by context windows.
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5) **Emit section nodes**
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Create nodes with `section_id`, `title`, `slug`, `page_start`, and lazy `page_end` filled when the next sibling begins. Snap the first body block after a heading as the anchor sentence.
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6) **Validate the outline**
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Run monotonicity checks, parent presence, and unique path constraints. If a violation appears, repair locally by demoting or promoting a small set of nodes.
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---
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## Section node schema
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```json
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{
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"section_id": "2.4.1",
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"title": "Evaluation protocol and metrics",
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"slug": "evaluation-protocol-and-metrics",
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"depth": 3,
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"page_start": 12,
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"page_end": 15,
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"offsets": [23871, 44122],
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"title_hash": "sha1:2c7d9c…",
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"children": []
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}
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````
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* `slug` is a lowercase kebab form of the title for readable anchors.
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* `offsets` bracket the full section span in the canonical text.
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---
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## Heuristics that make it stable
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* **Dot patterns beat typography**
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If both exist, use numbering like `3.1.2` to set depth and use typography only as a tie breaker.
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* **Uppercase ratio and token count**
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Flags like `UPPERCASE_RATIO ≥ 0.60` and `token_count ≤ 80` help catch style headings. Titles rarely end with a period or colon unless they are figure titles.
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* **Indent and size bins**
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Build quantiles for font size per document. Use a two dimension decision: `bin(size)` and `delta_indent`. Map to depth using a learned or rule table.
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* **Appendix and roman numerals**
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Accept `Appendix A`, `Appendix B.2`, and roman sequences `I, II, III`. Normalize to a numeric level while keeping the original string in `title`.
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* **Table and code shields**
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Do not mistake figure captions, table titles, or code comments for headings. Reserve them as block types. See [code\_tables\_blocks.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/code_tables_blocks.md).
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---
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## Copy-paste outline builder (pseudocode)
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```python
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def build_title_hierarchy(blocks):
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stack = [] # list of nodes by depth
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nodes = []
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for blk in blocks:
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if not is_heading_candidate(blk):
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continue
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depth = estimate_depth(blk) # number or inferred
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title = normalize_title(blk.text)
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node = make_node(depth, title, blk.page, blk.offsets)
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# attach into tree
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while len(stack) >= depth:
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stack.pop()
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if stack:
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parent = stack[-1]
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parent.children.append(node)
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else:
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nodes.append(node)
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stack.append(node)
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# fill page_end by looking at next sibling or end of doc
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nodes = fill_section_ranges(nodes, blocks)
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return nodes
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```
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`estimate_depth` prefers dot numbering. If absent, infer by size and indent bins. Clamp jumps larger than one level.
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---
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## 60-second validator
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Sample ten headings uniformly across the document.
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* Each has a unique `section_id` path with depth ≤ 6.
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* Reading order of titles equals lexicographic order of `section_id`.
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* The first sentence under each title exists and becomes an anchor.
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* On re-run from the same source, all ten `section_id` paths match exactly.
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---
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## Edge cases and repairs
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* **Repeated titles in different parts**
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If the same string repeats, disambiguate by parent path. The `section_id` remains unique.
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* **Multi column PDFs**
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Break candidates by columns before heading scoring. Merged lines inflate score falsely.
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* **Heading wrapped across pages**
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Merge lines within a vertical window. If a heading breaks across pages, keep `page_start` at the first page.
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* **Front matter and ToC**
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Exclude lines inside the table of contents and reference lists. Use anchors like “Contents” and page number columns to skip.
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* **Aggressive demotion**
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When two consecutive headings both look like `H2` by size, allow demoting the second to `H3` if a dot pattern suggests child relation.
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---
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## Tests to include in CI
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* PDF set with known outlines: expect exact `section_id` paths.
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* HTML set with mixed tag and style headings: expect depth tolerances within one level.
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* OCR set with noisy fonts: expect no more than one false heading per ten pages.
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* Migration test: small edits do not change parent paths for unaffected sections. See [reindex\_migration.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/reindex_migration.md).
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---
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## When it fails and what to open
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* Headings look right but citations land off target
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→ Verify block boundaries and anchor selection. Open: [section\_detection.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/section_detection.md), [retrieval-traceability.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/retrieval-traceability.md).
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* Many paths change after minor text edits
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→ Check size binning and clamp rules. Open: [reindex\_migration.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/Chunking/reindex_migration.md).
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* Numbered sections rank incorrectly in search
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→ Lock the anchor and rerank deterministically. Open: [data-contracts.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/data-contracts.md).
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---
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### 🔗 Quick-Start Downloads (60 sec)
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| Tool | Link | 3-Step Setup |
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| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **WFGY 1.0 PDF** | [Engine Paper](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/I_am_not_lizardman/WFGY_All_Principles_Return_to_One_v1.0_PSBigBig_Public.pdf) | 1️⃣ Download · 2️⃣ Upload to your LLM · 3️⃣ Ask “Answer using WFGY + \<your question>” |
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| **TXT OS (plain-text OS)** | [TXTOS.txt](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/OS/TXTOS.txt) | 1️⃣ Download · 2️⃣ Paste into any LLM chat · 3️⃣ Type “hello world” — OS boots instantly |
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---
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### 🧭 Explore More
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| Module | Description | Link |
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| ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| WFGY Core | WFGY 2.0 engine is live: full symbolic reasoning architecture and math stack | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/core/README.md) |
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| Problem Map 1.0 | Initial 16-mode diagnostic and symbolic fix framework | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/ProblemMap/README.md) |
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| Problem Map 2.0 | RAG-focused failure tree, modular fixes, and pipelines | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/rag-architecture-and-recovery.md) |
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| Semantic Clinic Index | Expanded failure catalog: prompt injection, memory bugs, logic drift | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/SemanticClinicIndex.md) |
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| Semantic Blueprint | Layer-based symbolic reasoning & semantic modulations | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/SemanticBlueprint/README.md) |
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| Benchmark vs GPT-5 | Stress test GPT-5 with full WFGY reasoning suite | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/benchmarks/benchmark-vs-gpt5/README.md) |
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| 🧙♂️ Starter Village 🏡 | New here? Lost in symbols? Click here and let the wizard guide you through | [Start →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/StarterVillage/README.md) |
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---
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> 👑 **Early Stargazers: [See the Hall of Fame](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/stargazers)** —
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> Engineers, hackers, and open source builders who supported WFGY from day one.
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> <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/onestardao/WFGY?style=social" alt="GitHub stars"> ⭐ [WFGY Engine 2.0](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/core/README.md) is already unlocked. ⭐ Star the repo to help others discover it and unlock more on the [Unlock Board](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/STAR_UNLOCKS.md).
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<div align="center">
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlahBlahBlah)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlotBlotBlot)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlocBlocBloc)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlurBlurBlur)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlowBlowBlow)
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</div>
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