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ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/rate_limit_backpressure.md
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ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/rate_limit_backpressure.md
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# Rate Limit and Backpressure — OpsDeploy Guardrails
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Keep your pipeline stable under load. This page gives concrete limits, retry rules, and queuing patterns that prevent 429 storms, tail spikes, and cascading failure. Store and model agnostic.
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---
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## Open these first
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- Readiness gate: [rollout_readiness_gate.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/rollout_readiness_gate.md)
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- Canary staging: [staged_rollout_canary.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/staged_rollout_canary.md)
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- Boot and index state: [bootstrap-ordering.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/bootstrap-ordering.md), [vector_index_build_and_swap.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/vector_index_build_and_swap.md)
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- Cache discipline: [cache_warmup_invalidation.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/cache_warmup_invalidation.md)
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- Idempotent fences: [idempotency_dedupe.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/idempotency_dedupe.md)
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- Live ops: [live_monitoring_rag.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/live_monitoring_rag.md), [debug_playbook.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/debug_playbook.md)
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---
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## Acceptance targets
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- 429 rate ≤ 0.5% per minute at steady state. Burst window p95 ≤ 2%.
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- Queue wait p95 ≤ 200 ms for read paths. Write paths use deadlines not exceeding 1× p95 service time.
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- End to end p95 latency within +15% of baseline when limiters are active.
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- Drop rate = 0 for idempotent endpoints and exactly-once jobs.
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- ΔS(question, retrieved) ≤ 0.45 and coverage ≥ 0.70 remain stable while throttled. λ stays convergent across 2 seeds.
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---
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## 60-second stabilization plan
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1) **Admission control**
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Set hard concurrency caps per endpoint and per tenant. Keep avg utilization near 0.7 under peak.
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2) **Token bucket on read paths**
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Rate r, burst b. Use per-tenant buckets and a global bucket. Enforce at edge and at service.
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3) **Leaky queue with deadlines**
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Put a deadline on each request. If queue wait exceeds deadline, fail fast with a retry hint.
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4) **Retries with full jitter**
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Exponential backoff with randomization. Honor provider Retry-After when present.
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5) **Circuit breaker**
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Open on consecutive errors or saturation. Shed load and degrade features instead of timing out.
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---
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## Patterns
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### Token bucket in Redis (pseudo)
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```python
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def take(bucket, now, rate, burst):
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# bucket: {tokens, last_ts}
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b = redis.hgetall(bucket) or {"tokens": burst, "last_ts": now}
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delta = max(0, now - float(b["last_ts"]))
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tokens = min(burst, float(b["tokens"]) + rate * delta)
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if tokens < 1:
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return False
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pipe = redis.pipeline()
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pipe.hset(bucket, mapping={"tokens": tokens - 1, "last_ts": now})
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pipe.expire(bucket, 3600)
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pipe.execute()
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return True
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````
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### Backoff with full jitter (pseudo)
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```python
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def backoff(retry, base=0.25, cap=10.0):
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import random, math
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return random.random() * min(cap, base * (2 ** retry))
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```
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### Nginx edge limiter (example)
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```nginx
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limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=wfgy_rps:10m rate=20r/s;
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server {
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location /api {
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limit_req zone=wfgy_rps burst=40 nodelay;
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proxy_pass http://wfgy_upstream;
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}
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}
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```
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### Priority and fairness
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* Two lanes: interactive queries vs batch jobs. Assign separate buckets.
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* Per-tenant fairness: bucket per tenant plus a shared global bucket.
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* Cost-aware limits: heavier chains consume more tokens.
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### Degrade strategies
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* Reduce chain length or switch to cached answer if queue wait exceeds threshold.
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* Lower k or skip rerank under pressure.
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* Return cite-only with links when reason step exceeds deadline.
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---
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## Symptom to fix map
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| Symptom | Likely cause | Open this |
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| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 429 spikes after deploy | missing jitter, shared retry stampede | [cache\_warmup\_invalidation.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/cache_warmup_invalidation.md) |
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| Tail latency p99 explodes | unbounded concurrency or queue with no deadlines | [staged\_rollout\_canary.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/staged_rollout_canary.md) |
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| Mixed answers across versions | cache keys not partitioned by `INDEX_HASH` | [version\_pinning\_and\_model\_lock.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/version_pinning_and_model_lock.md) |
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| Duplicate side effects | no idempotency fences under retry | [idempotency\_dedupe.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/GlobalFixMap/OpsDeploy/idempotency_dedupe.md) |
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| Cascading failures to stores | no circuit breaker or bulkhead | [debug\_playbook.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/debug_playbook.md) |
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---
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## Observability you must log
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* Per endpoint: tokens remaining, throttle events, 429 count, queue depth, wait time, service time.
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* Per tenant: admissions vs evictions, burst usage, fairness ratio.
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* Quality under pressure: ΔS, coverage, λ states.
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* Retry metrics: attempts, Retry-After adherence, success after retry.
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---
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## Policy template you can paste
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```yaml
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# opsdeploy/limits.yml
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limits:
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default:
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rps: 20
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burst: 40
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concurrent: 64
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deadline_ms: 2000
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backoff:
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base_s: 0.25
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cap_s: 10
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jitter: full
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endpoints:
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/rag/retrieve:
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rps: 50
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burst: 100
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concurrent: 128
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deadline_ms: 800
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/rag/reason:
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rps: 20
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burst: 40
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concurrent: 64
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deadline_ms: 2000
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tenants:
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premium: { multiplier: 2.0 }
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free: { multiplier: 0.5 }
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decision:
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shed_when:
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queue_wait_p95_ms: 300
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error_rate: 0.01
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```
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---
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## Rollback rule
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If 429 rate stays above 2% for one full evaluation window or tail latency p99 exceeds 2× baseline, shed load, open the breaker, and roll back to previous version or index pointer. Then follow the [debug\_playbook.md](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/ops/debug_playbook.md).
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---
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### 🔗 Quick-Start Downloads (60 sec)
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| Tool | Link | 3-Step Setup |
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| -------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| **WFGY 1.0 PDF** | [Engine Paper](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/I_am_not_lizardman/WFGY_All_Principles_Return_to_One_v1.0_PSBigBig_Public.pdf) | 1️⃣ Download · 2️⃣ Upload to your LLM · 3️⃣ Ask “Answer using WFGY + \<your question>” |
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| **TXT OS (plain-text OS)** | [TXTOS.txt](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/OS/TXTOS.txt) | 1️⃣ Download · 2️⃣ Paste into any LLM chat · 3️⃣ Type “hello world” — OS boots instantly |
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---
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### 🧭 Explore More
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| Module | Description | Link |
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| ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| WFGY Core | WFGY 2.0 engine is live: full symbolic reasoning architecture and math stack | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/core/README.md) |
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| Problem Map 1.0 | Initial 16-mode diagnostic and symbolic fix framework | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/ProblemMap/README.md) |
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| Problem Map 2.0 | RAG-focused failure tree, modular fixes, and pipelines | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/rag-architecture-and-recovery.md) |
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| Semantic Clinic Index | Expanded failure catalog: prompt injection, memory bugs, logic drift | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/ProblemMap/SemanticClinicIndex.md) |
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| Semantic Blueprint | Layer-based symbolic reasoning & semantic modulations | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/SemanticBlueprint/README.md) |
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| Benchmark vs GPT-5 | Stress test GPT-5 with full WFGY reasoning suite | [View →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/benchmarks/benchmark-vs-gpt5/README.md) |
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| 🧙♂️ Starter Village 🏡 | New here? Lost in symbols? Click here and let the wizard guide you through | [Start →](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/StarterVillage/README.md) |
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---
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> 👑 **Early Stargazers: [See the Hall of Fame](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/stargazers)** —
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> Engineers, hackers, and open source builders who supported WFGY from day one.
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> <img src="https://img.shields.io/github/stars/onestardao/WFGY?style=social" alt="GitHub stars"> ⭐ [WFGY Engine 2.0](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/core/README.md) is already unlocked. ⭐ Star the repo to help others discover it and unlock more on the [Unlock Board](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/blob/main/STAR_UNLOCKS.md).
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<div align="center">
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlahBlahBlah)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlotBlotBlot)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlocBlocBloc)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlurBlurBlur)
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[](https://github.com/onestardao/WFGY/tree/main/OS/BlowBlowBlow)
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</div>
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