OpenBTS/GSM/GSMLogicalChannel.cpp
2014-03-25 00:06:30 +01:00

670 lines
22 KiB
C++

/**@file Logical Channel. */
/*
* Copyright 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
* Copyright 2010 Kestrel Signal Processing, Inc.
* Copyright 2011 Range Networks, Inc.
*
* This software is distributed under multiple licenses;
* see the COPYING file in the main directory for licensing
* information for this specific distribuion.
*
* This use of this software may be subject to additional restrictions.
* See the LEGAL file in the main directory for details.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*/
#include "GSML3RRElements.h"
#include "GSML3Message.h"
#include "GSML3RRMessages.h"
#include "GSMSMSCBL3Messages.h"
#include "GSMLogicalChannel.h"
#include "GSMConfig.h"
#include <ControlTransfer.h>
#include "GPRSExport.h"
#include <Logger.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace GSM;
void L2LogicalChannel::open()
{
LOG(INFO);
LOG(DEBUG);
if (mSACCH) mSACCH->open();
LOG(DEBUG);
if (mL1) mL1->open(); // (pat) L1FEC::open()
LOG(DEBUG);
for (int s=0; s<4; s++) {
if (mL2[s]) mL2[s]->l2open(descriptiveString());
LOG(DEBUG) << "SAPI=" << s << " open complete";
}
}
// (pat) This is connecting layer2, not layer1.
void L2LogicalChannel::connect()
{
mMux.downstream(mL1);
if (mL1) mL1->upstream(&mMux);
for (int s=0; s<4; s++) {
mMux.upstream(mL2[s],s);
if (mL2[s]) {
mL2[s]->l2Downstream(&mMux);
mL2[s]->l2Upstream(this);
}
}
}
// (pat) This is only called during initialization, using the createCombination*() functions.
// The L1FEC->downstream hooks the radio to this logical channel, permanently.
void L2LogicalChannel::downstream(ARFCNManager* radio)
{
assert(mL1); // This is L1FEC
mL1->downstream(radio);
if (mSACCH) mSACCH->downstream(radio);
}
// Serialize and send an L3Message with a given primitive.
// The msg is not deleted; its value is used before return.
void L2LogicalChannel::l2sendm(const L3Message& msg,
const GSM::Primitive& prim,
SAPI_t SAPI)
{
OBJLOG(INFO) << "L3" <<LOGVAR(SAPI) << " sending " << msg;
l2sendf(L3Frame(msg,prim,SAPI), SAPI);
}
CCCHLogicalChannel::CCCHLogicalChannel(const TDMAMapping& wMapping)
:mRunning(false)
{
mL1 = new CCCHL1FEC(wMapping);
mL2[0] = new CCCHL2;
connect();
}
void CCCHLogicalChannel::open()
{
L2LogicalChannel::open();
if (!mRunning) {
mRunning=true;
mServiceThread.start((void*(*)(void*))CCCHLogicalChannelServiceLoopAdapter,this);
}
}
// (pat) BUG TODO: TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:
// I am not sure this routine works properly. If there is no CCCH message (an L3Frame)
// in the queue immediately after the previous frame is sent, an idle frame is inserted.
// If a subsequent valid CCCH message (paging response or MS initiated RR call or packet
// uplink request) arrives it will be blocked until the idle frame is sent.
// Probably doesnt matter for RR establishment, but for packets, the extra 1/4 sec
// delay (length of a 51-multiframe) is going to hurt.
// Note that a GPRS Immediate Assignment message must know when this CCCH gets sent.
// Right now, it has to guess.
// pats TODO: Send the transceiver an idle frame rather than doing it here.
// This should be architecturally changed to a pull-system instead of push.
// Among other things, that would let us prioritize the responses
// (eg, emergency calls go first) and let the packet Immediate Assignment message be
// created right before being sent, when we are certain when the
// Immediate Assignment is being sent.
void CCCHLogicalChannel::serviceLoop()
{
// build the idle frame
static const L3PagingRequestType1 filler;
static const L3Frame idleFrame(filler,UNIT_DATA);
#if ENABLE_PAGING_CHANNELS
L3ControlChannelDescription mCC;
unsigned bs_pa_mfrms = mCC.getBS_PA_MFRMS();
#endif
// prime the first idle frame
L2LogicalChannel::l2sendf(idleFrame);
// run the loop
while (true) {
L3Frame* frame = NULL;
#if ENABLE_PAGING_CHANNELS
// Check for paging message for this specific paging slot first,
// and if none, send any message in the mQ.
// The multiframe paging logic is from GSM 05.02 6.5.3.
// See documentation at crackPagingFromImsi() which is used to
// get the messages into the proper mPagingQ.
GSM::Time next = getNextWriteTime();
unsigned multiframe_index = (next.FN() / 51) % bs_pa_mfrms;
frame = mPagingQ[multiframe_index].read();
#endif
if (frame == NULL) {
frame = mQ.read(); // (pat) This is a blocking read; mQ is an InterThreadQueue
}
if (frame) {
// (pat) This tortuously calls XCCCHL1Encoder::transmit (see my documentation
// at L2LogicalChannel::send), which blocks until L1Encoder::mPrevWriteTime.
// Note: The q size is 0 while we are blocked here, so if we are trying
// to determine the next write time by adding the qsize, we are way off.
// Thats why there is an mWaitingToSend flag.
mWaitingToSend = true; // Waiting to send this block at mNextWriteTime.
L2LogicalChannel::l2sendf(*frame);
mWaitingToSend = false;
OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "CCCHLogicalChannel::serviceLoop sending " << *frame;
delete frame;
}
if (mQ.size()==0) {
// (pat) The radio continues to send the last frame forever,
// so we only send one idle frame here.
// Unfortunately, this slows the response.
// TODO: Send a static idle frame to the Transciever and rewrite this.
mWaitingToSend = true; // Waiting to send an idle frame at mNextWriteTime.
L2LogicalChannel::l2sendf(idleFrame);
mWaitingToSend = false;
OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "CCCHLogicalChannel::serviceLoop sending idle frame";
}
}
}
void *GSM::CCCHLogicalChannelServiceLoopAdapter(CCCHLogicalChannel* chan)
{
chan->serviceLoop();
return NULL;
}
#if ENABLE_PAGING_CHANNELS
// (pat) This routine is going to be entirely replaced with one that works better for gprs.
// In the meantime, just return a number that is large enough to cover
// the worst case, which assumes that the messages in mQ also
// must go out on the paging timeslot.
Time GSM::CCCHLogicalChannel::getNextPchSendTime(unsigned multiframe_index)
{
L3ControlChannelDescription mCC;
// Paging is distributed over this many multi-frames.
unsigned bs_pa_mfrms = mCC.getBS_PA_MFRMS();
GSM::Time next = getNextWriteTime();
unsigned next_multiframe_index = (next.FN() / 51) % bs_pa_mfrms;
assert(bs_pa_mfrms > 1);
assert(multiframe_index < bs_pa_mfrms);
assert(next_multiframe_index < bs_pa_mfrms);
int achload = mQ.size();
if (mWaitingToSend) { achload++; }
// Total wait time is time needed to empty queue, plus the time until the first
// paging opportunity, plus 2 times the number of guys waiting in the paging queue,
// but it is all nonsense because if a new agch comes in,
// it will displace the paging message because the q is sent first.
// This just needs to be totally redone, and the best way is not to figure out
// when the message will be sent at all, but rather use a call-back to gprs
// just before the message is finally sent.
int multiframesToWait = 0;
if (achload) {
multiframesToWait = bs_pa_mfrms - 1; // Assume worst case.
} else {
// If there is nothing else waiting, we can estimate better:
while (next_multiframe_index != multiframe_index) {
multiframe_index = (multiframe_index+1) % bs_pa_mfrms;
multiframesToWait++;
}
}
int total = achload + multiframesToWait + bs_pa_mfrms * mPagingQ[multiframe_index].size();
int fnresult = (next.FN() + total * 51) % gHyperframe;
GSM::Time result(fnresult);
LOG(DEBUG) << "CCCHLogicalChannel::getNextSend="<< next.FN()
<<" load="<<achload<<LOGVAR(mWaitingToSend) <<" now="<<gBTS.time().FN()<<LOGVAR(fnresult);
return result;
}
#endif
Time GSM::CCCHLogicalChannel::getNextMsgSendTime() {
// Get the current frame.
// DAB GPRS - This should call L1->resync() first, otherwise, in an idle system,
// DAB GPRS - you can get times well into the past..
// (pat) Above is done in the underlying getNextWriteTime()
// Pats note: This may return the current frame number if it is ready to send now.
// 3-18-2012: FIXME: This result is not monotonically increasing!!
// That is screwing up GPRS sendAssignment.
GSM::Time next = getNextWriteTime();
int achload = load();
if (mWaitingToSend) { achload++; }
//old: GSM::Time result = next + (achload+3) * 51; // add one to be safe.
// (pat) TODO: We are adding a whole 51-multframe for each additional
// CCCH message, which may not be correct.
// Note: We dont need to carefully make sure the frame
// numbers are valid (eg, by rollForward), because this code is used by GPRS
// which is going to convert it to an RLC block time anyway.
int fnresult = (next.FN() + achload * 51) % gHyperframe;
GSM::Time result(fnresult);
LOG(DEBUG) << "CCCHLogicalChannel::getNextSend="<< next.FN()
<<" load="<<achload<<LOGVAR(mWaitingToSend) <<" now="<<gBTS.time().FN()<<LOGVAR(fnresult);
return result;
}
L3ChannelDescription L2LogicalChannel::channelDescription() const
{
// In some debug cases, L1 may not exist, so we fake this information.
if (mL1==NULL) return L3ChannelDescription(TDMA_MISC,0,0,0);
// In normal cases, we get this information from L1.
return L3ChannelDescription(
mL1->typeAndOffset(),
mL1->TN(),
mL1->TSC(),
mL1->ARFCN()
);
}
SDCCHLogicalChannel::SDCCHLogicalChannel(
unsigned wCN,
unsigned wTN,
const CompleteMapping& wMapping)
{
mL1 = new SDCCHL1FEC(wCN,wTN,wMapping.LCH());
// SAP0 is RR/MM/CC, SAP3 is SMS
// SAP1 and SAP2 are not used.
L2LAPDm *SAP0L2 = new SDCCHL2(1,SAPI0); // derived from L2LAPDm
L2LAPDm *SAP3L2 = new SDCCHL2(1,SAPI3);
LOG(DEBUG) << "LAPDm pairs SAP0=" << SAP0L2 << " SAP3=" << SAP3L2;
SAP3L2->master(SAP0L2);
mL2[0] = SAP0L2;
mL2[3] = SAP3L2;
mSACCH = new SACCHLogicalChannel(wCN,wTN,wMapping.SACCH(),this);
connect();
}
void NeighborCache::neighborClearMeasurements()
{
LOG(DEBUG);
mNeighborRSSI.clear();
cNumReports = gConfig.getNum("GSM.Neighbors.Averaging"); // Neighbor must appear in 2 of last cNumReports measurement reports.
}
// I am a little worried that the MS will not report just the 6 best cells, but may report some cells in
// one report and some other cells in another report, so we dont delete a neighbor just because
// it does not appear in a single report. We set mnCount to cNumReports and decrement it toward 0.
// The effect is that in order to be considered for handover, the neighbor must appear in at least
// 2 of the last cNumReports measurement reports, then we send a cumulative decaying average of the reports.
void NeighborCache::neighborStartMeasurements()
{
LOG(DEBUG);
// Called at start of measurement reports. Decrement mnCount toward to zero.
for (NeighborMap::iterator it = mNeighborRSSI.begin(); it != mNeighborRSSI.end(); it++) {
if (it->second.mnCount) it->second.mnCount--;
}
}
string NeighborCache::neighborText()
{
string result; result.reserve(100);
result.append("Neighbors(");
for (NeighborMap::iterator it = mNeighborRSSI.begin(); it != mNeighborRSSI.end(); it++) {
LOG(DEBUG);
unsigned freqindex = it->first >> 6, bsic = it->first & 0x3f;
char buf[82];
snprintf(buf,80,"(freqIndex=%u BSIC=%u count=%u AvgRSSI=%d)",freqindex,bsic,it->second.mnCount,it->second.mnAvgRSSI);
result.append(buf);
}
result.append(")");
return result;
}
int NeighborCache::neighborAddMeasurement(unsigned freqindex, unsigned BSIC, int RSSI)
{
unsigned key = (freqindex<<6) + BSIC;
NeighborData &data = mNeighborRSSI[key];
int result;
int startCount = data.mnCount, startAvg = data.mnAvgRSSI;
if (data.mnCount == 0) {
// Handsets sometimes send a spuriously low measurement report,
// so dont handover until we have seen at least two measurements from the same neighbor.
// We prevent handover by sending an impossibly low RSSI.
data.mnAvgRSSI = RSSI;
data.mnCount = cNumReports;
result = -200; // Impossibly low value.
} else {
data.mnCount = cNumReports;
result = data.mnAvgRSSI = RSSI/2 + data.mnAvgRSSI/2;
}
int endCount=data.mnCount; // ffing << botches this.
LOG(DEBUG) <<LOGVAR(result) <<LOGVAR(BSIC)<<LOGVAR(freqindex)<<LOGVAR(RSSI)<<LOGVAR(endCount) <<LOGVAR(startCount)<<LOGVAR(startAvg);
return result;
}
SACCHLogicalChannel::SACCHLogicalChannel(
unsigned wCN,
unsigned wTN,
const MappingPair& wMapping,
/*const*/ L2LogicalChannel *wHost)
: mRunning(false),
mHost(wHost)
{
mSACCHL1 = new SACCHL1FEC(wCN,wTN,wMapping);
mL1 = mSACCHL1;
// SAP0 is RR, SAP3 is SMS
// SAP1 and SAP2 are not used.
mL2[0] = new SACCHL2(1,SAPI0); // derived from L2LAPDm
mL2[3] = new SACCHL2(1,SAPI3);
connect();
assert(mSACCH==NULL);
}
void SACCHLogicalChannel::open()
{
L2LogicalChannel::open();
if (!mRunning) {
mRunning=true;
mServiceThread.start((void*(*)(void*))SACCHLogicalChannelServiceLoopAdapter,this);
#if USE_SEMAPHORE
sem_init(&mOpenSignal,0,0);
#endif
}
neighborClearMeasurements();
mAverageRXLEV_SUB_SERVICING_CELL = 0;
// Just make sure any stray messages are flushed when we reactivate the channel.
while (L3Message *straymsg = mTxQueue.readNoBlock()) { delete straymsg; }
#if USE_SEMAPHORE
cout << descriptiveString() << " POST" <<endl;
sem_post(&mOpenSignal); // Note: you must open the L2LogicalChannel before starting the SACCH service loop.
#endif
}
static L3Message* parseSACCHMessage(const L3Frame *l3frame)
{
if (!l3frame) return NULL;
LOG(DEBUG) << *l3frame;
Primitive prim = l3frame->primitive();
if ((prim!=DATA) && (prim!=UNIT_DATA)) {
LOG(INFO) << "non-data primitive " << prim;
return NULL;
}
// FIXME -- Why, again, do we need to do this? (pat) Apparently, we dont.
// L3Frame realFrame = l3frame->segment(24, l3frame->size()-24);
L3Message* message = parseL3(*l3frame);
if (!message) {
LOG(WARNING) << "SACCH recevied unparsable L3 frame " << *l3frame;
WATCHF("SACCH received unparsable L3 frame PD=%d MTI=%d",l3frame->PD(),l3frame->MTI());
}
return message;
}
// (pat) This is started when SACCH is opened, and runs forever.
// The SACCHLogicalChannel are created by the SDCCHLogicalChannel and TCHFACCHLogicalChannel constructors.
void SACCHLogicalChannel::serviceLoop()
{
// run the loop
unsigned count = 0;
while (true) {
// Throttle back if not active.
if (!active()) {
//OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "SACCH sleeping";
// pat 5-2013: Vastly reducing the delays here and in L2LAPDm to try to reduce
// random failures of handover and channel reassignment from SDCCH to TCHF.
// Update: The further this sleep is reduced, the more reliable handover becomes.
// I left it at 4 for a while but handover still failed sometimes.
//sleepFrames(51);
#define USE_SEMAPHORE 0 // This does not work well - there appear to be hundreds of interrupts per second.
#if USE_SEMAPHORE
// (pat) Update: Getting rid of the sleep entirely. We will use a semaphore instead.
// Note that the semaphore call may return on signal, which is ok here.
cout << descriptiveString() << " WAIT" <<endl;
sem_wait(&mOpenSignal);
cout << descriptiveString() << " AFTER" <<endl;
#else
sleepFrames(2);
#endif
// A clever way to avoid the sleep above would be to wait for ESTABLISH primitive.
// (But which do you wait on - the tx or the rx queue?
continue; // paranoid, check again.
}
// Send any outbound messages. If the tx queue is empty send alternating SI5/6.
// (pat) FIXME: implement this!
if (const L3Message *l3msg = mTxQueue.readNoBlock()) {
SAPI_t sapi = SAPI0; // Determine sapi from PD. This is probably unnecessary, they are probably all SAPI=3
switch (l3msg->PD()) {
case L3RadioResourcePD: sapi = SAPI0; break;
case L3SMSPD: sapi = SAPI3; break;
default:
OBJLOG(ERR)<<"In SACCHLogicalChannel, unexpected"<<LOGVAR(l3msg->PD());
break;
}
L2LogicalChannel::l2sendm(*l3msg,GSM::DATA,sapi);
delete l3msg;
} else {
// Send alternating SI5/SI6.
// These L3Frames were created with the UNIT_DATA primivitive.
OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "sending SI5/6 on SACCH";
if (count%2) L2LogicalChannel::l2sendf(gBTS.SI5Frame());
else L2LogicalChannel::l2sendf(gBTS.SI6Frame());
count++;
}
// Receive inbound messages.
// This read loop flushes stray reports quickly.
while (true) {
OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "polling SACCH for inbound messages";
bool nothing = true;
// Process SAP0 -- RR Measurement reports
if (L3Frame *rrFrame = L2LogicalChannel::l2recv(0,0)) {
nothing=false;
bool isMeasurementReport = rrFrame->isData()
&& rrFrame->PD() == L3RadioResourcePD && rrFrame->MTI() == L3RRMessage::MeasurementReport;
if (isMeasurementReport) {
// Neither of these 'ifs' should fail, but be safe.
if (const L3Message* rrMessage = parseSACCHMessage(rrFrame)) {
if (const L3MeasurementReport* measurement = dynamic_cast<typeof(measurement)>(rrMessage)) {
OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "SACCH measurement report " << mMeasurementResults;
mMeasurementResults = measurement->results();
if (mMeasurementResults.MEAS_VALID() == 0) {
addSelfRxLev(mMeasurementResults.RXLEV_SUB_SERVING_CELL_dBm());
}
// Add the measurement results to the table
// Note that the typeAndOffset of a SACCH match the host channel.
gPhysStatus.setPhysical(this, mMeasurementResults);
// Check for handover requirement.
// (pat) TODO: This may block while waiting for a reply from a Peer BTS.
Control::HandoverDetermination(mMeasurementResults,mAverageRXLEV_SUB_SERVICING_CELL,this);
}
delete rrMessage;
}
delete rrFrame;
} else {
// Send it off to Layer 3. Who knows what might show up here.
hostChan()->chanEnqueueFrame(rrFrame);
}
}
#if 0
L3Message* rrMessage = parseSACCHMessage(rrFrame);
delete rrFrame;
if (rrMessage) {
L3MeasurementReport* measurement = dynamic_cast<L3MeasurementReport*>(rrMessage);
if (measurement) {
mMeasurementResults = measurement->results();
OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "SACCH measurement report " << mMeasurementResults;
// Add the measurement results to the table
// Note that the typeAndOffset of a SACCH match the host channel.
gPhysStatus.setPhysical(this, mMeasurementResults);
// Check for handover requirement.
// (pat) TODO: This may block while waiting for a reply from a Peer BTS.
Control::HandoverDetermination(mMeasurementResults,this);
delete rrMessage;
} else {
if (Control::l3rewrite()) {
OBJLOG(DEBUG) << "chanEnqueuel3msg:"<<rrMessage;
hostChan()->chanEnqueuel3msg(rrMessage);
} else {
OBJLOG(NOTICE) << "SACCH SAP0 sent unaticipated message " << rrMessage;
delete rrMessage;
}
}
}
#endif
// Process SAP3 -- SMS
L3Frame *smsFrame = L2LogicalChannel::l2recv(0,3);
if (smsFrame) {
nothing=false;
OBJLOG(DEBUG) <<"received SMS frame:"<<smsFrame;
// The SACCH messages are polled from by the single L3LogicalChannel thread that handles this MS.
//if (smsFrame) { Control::gCSL3StateMachine.csl3Write(new Control::GenericL3Msg(smsFrame,this)); }
//L3Message *smsMessage = parseSACCHMessage(smsFrame);
//OBJLOG(DEBUG) <<"parsed SMS message:"<<smsMessage;
//delete smsFrame;
hostChan()->chanEnqueueFrame(smsFrame);
}
// Did we get anything from the phone?
// If not, we may have lost contact. Bump the RSSI to induce more power
if (nothing) RSSIBumpDown(gConfig.getNum("Control.SACCHTimeout.BumpDown"));
// Nothing happened?
if (nothing) break;
}
}
}
void *GSM::SACCHLogicalChannelServiceLoopAdapter(SACCHLogicalChannel* chan)
{
chan->serviceLoop();
return NULL;
}
// These have to go into the .cpp file to prevent an illegal forward reference.
void L2LogicalChannel::setPhy(float wRSSI, float wTimingError, double wTimestamp)
{ assert(mSACCH); mSACCH->setPhy(wRSSI,wTimingError,wTimestamp); }
void L2LogicalChannel::setPhy(const L2LogicalChannel& other)
{ assert(mSACCH); mSACCH->setPhy(*other.SACCH()); }
MSPhysReportInfo * L2LogicalChannel::getPhysInfo() const {
assert(mSACCH); return mSACCH->getPhysInfo();
}
const L3MeasurementResults& L2LogicalChannel::measurementResults() const
{ assert(mSACCH); return mSACCH->measurementResults(); }
TCHFACCHLogicalChannel::TCHFACCHLogicalChannel(
unsigned wCN,
unsigned wTN,
const CompleteMapping& wMapping)
{
mTCHL1 = new TCHFACCHL1FEC(wCN,wTN,wMapping.LCH());
mL1 = mTCHL1;
// SAP0 is RR/MM/CC, SAP3 is SMS
// SAP1 and SAP2 are not used.
mL2[0] = new FACCHL2(1,SAPI0);
mL2[3] = new FACCHL2(1,SAPI3);
mSACCH = new SACCHLogicalChannel(wCN,wTN,wMapping.SACCH(),this);
connect();
}
CBCHLogicalChannel::CBCHLogicalChannel(const CompleteMapping& wMapping)
{
mL1 = new CBCHL1FEC(wMapping.LCH());
mL2[0] = new CBCHL2;
mSACCH = new SACCHLogicalChannel(0,0,wMapping.SACCH(),this);
connect();
}
void CBCHLogicalChannel::l2sendm(const L3SMSCBMessage& msg)
{
L3Frame frame(UNIT_DATA,88*8);
msg.write(frame);
L2LogicalChannel::l2sendf(frame);
}
#if UNUSED
bool L2LogicalChannel::waitForPrimitive(Primitive primitive, unsigned timeout_ms)
{
bool waiting = true;
while (waiting) {
L3Frame *req = recv(timeout_ms);
if (req==NULL) {
OBJLOG(NOTICE) << "timeout at uptime " << gBTS.uptime() << " frame " << gBTS.time();
return false;
}
waiting = (req->primitive()!=primitive);
delete req;
}
return true;
}
void L2LogicalChannel::waitForPrimitive(Primitive primitive)
{
bool waiting = true;
while (waiting) {
L3Frame *req = recv();
if (req==NULL) continue;
waiting = (req->primitive()!=primitive);
delete req;
}
}
#endif
// We only return state for SAPI0, although the state could be different in SAPI0 and SAPI3.
LAPDState L2LogicalChannel::getLapdmState() const
{
// The check for NULL is redundant - these objects are allocated at startup and are immortal.
if (mL2[0]) { return mL2[0]->getLapdmState(); }
return LAPDStateUnused;
}
ostream& GSM::operator<<(ostream& os, const L2LogicalChannel& chan)
{
os << chan.descriptiveString();
return os;
}
std::ostream& GSM::operator<<(std::ostream&os, const L2LogicalChannel*ch)
{
if (ch) { os <<*ch; } else { os << "(null L2Logicalchannel)"; }
return os;
}
// vim: ts=4 sw=4